Chemistrythe study of the properties of matter and how

matter changes

Chemistrythe study of the properties of matter and how

matter changes

Matter – anything that has mass and occupies space.Substance – a single kind of matter that is pure. It has a specific composition and a specific set of properties.Examples: Table Salt, Table Sugar, and Baking Soda

Matter – anything that has mass and occupies space.Substance – a single kind of matter that is pure. It has a specific composition and a specific set of properties.Examples: Table Salt, Table Sugar, and Baking Soda

Describing MatterDescribing Matter

Physical Properties - characteristics of a pure substance that can be observed

without changing it into another substance.

Examples: Change in Physical State, Texture, Color, Shape, Hardness,

Flexibility, Luster, etc.

Physical Properties - characteristics of a pure substance that can be observed

without changing it into another substance.

Examples: Change in Physical State, Texture, Color, Shape, Hardness,

Flexibility, Luster, etc.

Physical PropertiesPhysical Properties

◊ Some Examples:◊ Some Examples:

Chemical Properties - a characteristic of a pure substance that describes its ability to change into different substances

Chemical Properties - a characteristic of a pure substance that describes its ability to change into different substances

◊ Flammability (Combustion)◊ Ability to React (Oxidation/Tarnishing)◊ New Substances, New Properties

◊ Flammability (Combustion)◊ Ability to React (Oxidation/Tarnishing)◊ New Substances, New Properties

Chemical PropertiesChemical Properties

◊ Some examples◊ Some examples

ElementsElements

◊ Element – a pure substance that cannot be broken down into any other substance by chemical or physical means.

◊ Elements are represented by one or two letter symbols such as C for carbon, H for hydrogen, Fe for iron, and Cu for copper.

◊ Element – a pure substance that cannot be broken down into any other substance by chemical or physical means.

◊ Elements are represented by one or two letter symbols such as C for carbon, H for hydrogen, Fe for iron, and Cu for copper.

Particles of Elements - AtomsParticles of Elements - Atoms◊ Atom – the basic particle from which all

elements are made.◊ Atom – the basic particle from which all

elements are made.

When Atoms CombineWhen Atoms Combine

◊ Chemical bond – the force of attraction between two atoms.

◊ Molecules – groups of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.

◊ Chemical bond – the force of attraction between two atoms.

◊ Molecules – groups of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.

CompoundsCompounds

◊ Compound – a pure substance made of two or more elements chemically combined in a set ratio.

◊ Chemical formula – shows the elements in a compound and the ratio of atoms.

◊ Examples: H2O (water), NaCl (table salt)

CO2 (carbon dioxide), and

C12H22O11 (table sugar)

◊ Compound – a pure substance made of two or more elements chemically combined in a set ratio.

◊ Chemical formula – shows the elements in a compound and the ratio of atoms.

◊ Examples: H2O (water), NaCl (table salt)

CO2 (carbon dioxide), and

C12H22O11 (table sugar)

MixturesMixtures

◊ Mixture – made of two or more substances that are together in the same place but are not chemically combined.

◊ Each substance in a mixture keeps its individual properties. Mixtures are not combined in a set ratio.

◊ Mixture – made of two or more substances that are together in the same place but are not chemically combined.

◊ Each substance in a mixture keeps its individual properties. Mixtures are not combined in a set ratio.

Heterogeneous MixturesHeterogeneous Mixtures

◊ Heterogeneous mixture – a mixture in which you can see individual parts

◊ Examples:

◊ Heterogeneous mixture – a mixture in which you can see individual parts

◊ Examples:

Homogeneous MixturesHomogeneous Mixtures

◊ Homogeneous mixtures – a mixture that is so evenly mixed that you can’t see the different parts

◊ Examples:

◊ Homogeneous mixtures – a mixture that is so evenly mixed that you can’t see the different parts

◊ Examples:

Ways to Separate MixturesWays to Separate Mixtures

◊ Use a magnet◊ Filter the mixture◊ Use distillation◊ Evaporation

◊ Use a magnet◊ Filter the mixture◊ Use distillation◊ Evaporation

Measuring MatterMeasuring Matter

◊ Mass - the amount of matter in an object

Units: g or kg◊ Volume - the amount of space matter

occupies. Units: L, mL, and cm3

◊ Density - the mass of a material in a given volume. (formula: mass/volume)

Units are g/mL or g/cm3

◊ Mass - the amount of matter in an object

Units: g or kg◊ Volume - the amount of space matter

occupies. Units: L, mL, and cm3

◊ Density - the mass of a material in a given volume. (formula: mass/volume)

Units are g/mL or g/cm3