CHI RHO IOTA PAGE FROM THE BOOK OF KELLSProbably made at Iona, Scotland. Late 8th or early 9th century.

Oxgall inks and pigments on vellum, 12-3/4" × 9-1/2" (32.5 × 24 cm).The Board of Trinity College, Dublin. MS. 58, fol. 34r. [Fig. 15-01]

EUROPE OF THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES[Map 15-01]

JEWELRY OF QUEEN ARNEGUNDEDiscovered in her tomb, excavated at the Abbey of Saint-Denis, Paris. Burial c. 580-590.

Gold, silver, garnets, and glass beads; length of pin 10-3/8" (26.4 cm).Musée des Antiquités Nationales, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France. [Fig. 15-02]

GUMMERSMARK BROOCHDenmark. 6th century. Silver gilt, height 5-3/4" (14.6 cm).

Nationalmuseet, Copenhagen. [Fig. 15-03]

HINGED CLASP, FROM THE SUTTON HOO BURIAL SHIPSuffolk, England. First half of 7th century. Gold plaques with granulation and inlays of

garnet and checked millefiori glass, length 5" (12.7 cm).British Museum, London. [Fig. 15-04]

SYMBOL OF THE EVANGELIST MATTHEW, GOSPEL BOOK OF DURROWPage from the Gospel of Matthew. Probably made at Iona, Scotland, or in northern

England. Second half of 7th century. Ink and tempera on parchment, 9-5/8" × 6-1/8" (24.4 × 15.5 cm).

The Board of Trinity College, Dublin. MS. 57, fol. 21v. [Fig. 15-05]

PAGE WITH THE BEGINNING OF THE TEXT OF MATTHEW'S GOSPEL, LINDISFARNE GOSPEL BOOK

Lindisfarne. c. 715-720. Ink and tempera on vellum, 13-3/8" × 9-7/16" (34 × 24 cm).The British Library, London. Cotton MS. Nero D.IV, fol. 27r. [Fig. 15-06]

MATTHEW WRITING HIS GOSPEL, LINDISFARNE GOSPEL BOOKLindisfarne. c. 715-720. Ink and tempera on vellum, 13-3/8" × 9-7/16" (34 × 24 cm).

The British Library, London. Cotton MS. Nero D.IV, fol. 25v [Fig. 15-07]

EZRA RESTORING THE SACRED SCRIPTURES, IN THE BIBLE KNOWN ASTHE CODEX AMIATINUS

Wearmouth-Jarrow. c. 700-715.Ink and tempera on vellum, 20" × 13-1/2" (50.5 × 34.3 cm).

Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Florence. Cod. Amiat. I, fol. 5r [Fig. 15-08]

SOUTH CROSS, AHENNYCounty Tipperary, Ireland.

8th century. Sandstone. [Fig. 15-09]

Maius WOMAN CLOTHED WITH THE SUN, THE MORGAN BEATUSMonastery of San Salvador at Tábara, León, Spain. 940-945.

Tempera on vellum, 15-1/8" × 22-1/6" (38.5 × 56 cm).The Morgan Library and Museum, New York. MS. M644, fols. 152v-153r. [Fig. 15-10]

Emeterius and Ende, with the scribe Senior BATTLE OF THE BIRD AND THE SERPENT, COMMENTARY ON THE APOCALYPSE BY BEATUS AND COMMENTARY ON DANIEL BY

JEROMEMade for Abbot Dominicus, probably at the monastery of San Salvador at Tábara, León, Spain. Completed July 6, 975. Tempera on parchment, 15-3/4" × 10-1/4" (40 × 26 cm).

Cathedral Library, Gerona, Spain. MS. 7[11], fol. 18v [Fig. 15-11]

GRIPPING BEASTS, DETAIL OF OSEBERG SHIPc. 815-820. Wood.

Vikingskiphuset, Universitets Oldsaksamling, Oslo, Norway. [Fig. 15-12]

ROYAL RUNE STONES, RIGHT-HAND STONE ORDERED BY KING HARALD BLUETOOTHJelling, Denmark. 983-985.

Granite, 3-sided, height about 8' (2.44 m). [Fig. 15-13]

EXTERIOR (A) AND CUTAWAY DRAWING (B) OF STAVE CHURCH, BORGUND, NORWAYc. 1125-1150. [Fig. 15-14a]

EXTERIOR (A) AND CUTAWAY DRAWING (B) OF STAVE CHURCH, BORGUND, NORWAYc. 1125-1150. [Fig. 15-14b]

EQUESTRIAN PORTRAIT OF CHARLES THE BALD (?)9th century. Bronze, height 9-1/2" (24.4 cm).

Musée du Louvre, Paris. [Fig. 15-15]

INTERIOR VIEW (A) AND SECTION DRAWING (B), PALACE CHAPEL OF CHARLEMAGNEAachen (Aix-la-Chapelle), Germany. 792-805. [Fig. 15-16a]

INTERIOR VIEW (A) AND SECTION DRAWING (B), PALACE CHAPEL OF CHARLEMAGNEAachen (Aix-la-Chapelle), Germany. 792-805. [Fig. 15-16b]

WESTWORK, ABBEY CHURCH OF CORVEYWestphalia, Germany.

Late 9th century (upper stories mid 12th century). [Fig. 15-17]

SAINT GALL PLAN (ORIGINAL AND REDRAWN WITH CAPTIONS)c. 817. Original in red ink on parchment, 28" × 44-1/8" (71.1 × 112.1 cm).

Stiftsbibliothek, Saint Gall, Switzerland. Cod. Sang. 1092 [Fig. 15-18a]

SAINT GALL PLAN (ORIGINAL AND REDRAWN WITH CAPTIONS)c. 817. Original in red ink on parchment, 28" × 44-1/8" (71.1 × 112.1 cm).

Stiftsbibliothek, Saint Gall, Switzerland. Cod. Sang. 1092 [Fig. 15-18b]

PAGE WITH ST. MATTHEW THE EVANGELIST, CORONATION GOSPELSGospel of Matthew. Early 9th century. 12-3/4" × 9-7/8" (36.3 × 25 cm).

Kunsthistorische Museum, Vienna. [Fig. 15-19]

PAGE WITH ST. MATTHEW THE EVANGELIST, EBBO GOSPELSGospel of Matthew. Second quarter of 9th century.

Ink, gold, and colors on vellum, 10-1/4" × 8-3/4" (26 × 22.2 cm).Médiathèque d'Épernay, France. MS. 1, fol. 18v. [Fig. 15-20]

A CLOSER LOOK: Psalm 23 in the Utrecht Psalterc. 816-835. Ink on parchment, 13" × 9-7/8" (33 × 25 cm).

Utrecht University Library. MS. 32, fol. 13r.

CRUCIFIXION WITH ANGELS AND MOURNING FIGURES, LINDAU GOSPELSOuter cover. c. 870-880.

Gold, pearls, sapphires, garnets, and emeralds, 13-3/4" × 10-3/8" (36.9 × 26.7 cm).The Morgan Library and Museum, New York. MS. 1. [Fig. 15-21]

OTTO I PRESENTING MAGDEBURG CATHEDRAL TO CHRISTOne of a series of 17 ivory plaques known as the Magdeburg Ivories, possibly carved in

Milan. c. 962-968. Ivory, 5" × 4-1/2" (12.7 × 11.4 cm).Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Gift of George Blumenthal, 1941 (41.100.157).

[Fig. 15-22]

PLAN (A) AND INTERIOR (B), CHURCH OF ST. CYRIAKUS, GERNRODEHarz, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.

Begun 961; consecrated 973. [Fig. 15-23a]

PLAN (A) AND INTERIOR (B), CHURCH OF ST. CYRIAKUS, GERNRODEHarz, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.

Begun 961; consecrated 973. [Fig. 15-23b]

GERO CRUCIFIXCologne Cathedral, Germany. c. 970.

Painted and gilded wood, height of figure 6'2" (1.88 m). [Fig. 15-24]

DOORS OF BISHOP BERNWARDMade for the abbey church of St. Michael, Hildesheim, Germany.

1015. Bronze, height 16'6" (5 m). [Fig. 15-25]

PRESENTATION PAGE WITH ABBESS HITDA AND ST. WALPURGA, HITDA GOSPELSEarly 11th century. Ink and colors on vellum, 11-3/8" × 5-5/8" (29 × 14.2 cm).

Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, Darmstadt. [Fig. 15-26]

PAGE WITH CHRIST WASHING THE FEET OF HIS DISCIPLES, GOSPELS OF OTTO IIIc. 1000. Ink, gold, and colors on vellum, approx. 8" × 6" (20.5 × 14.5 cm).

Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich. Clm 4453, fol. 237r. [Fig. 15-27]