Date post: | 15-Jul-2015 |
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Community Health 2
SHS0054
By the end of this topic, student should be able to: Describe identification of chicken pox
Name the infectious agent of chicken pox
Identify the occurrence/incident of chicken pox
Name of reservoir of chicken pox
Explain the mode transmission of chicken pox
Identify the susceptibility person to chicken pox
State the incubation period of chicken pox
State the period communicability of chicken pox
Explain method of control of chicken pox Prevention measures
Control of patient, contact and immediate environment
Explain epidemiological measures of chicken pox
Describe disaster management measure of chicken pox
Describe international intervention of chicken pox
Chickenpox is a viral infection in which a
person develops extremely itchy blisters all
over the body.
It used to be one of the classic childhood
diseases.
Chickenpox usually starts with one spot, but more spots quickly appear, with:
-fever
-headache
-runny nose
-a cough, and
-feeling very tired
The rash starts on the chest and back, and spreads to the face, scalp, arms and legs. The rash can develop all over the body, inside the ears, on the eyelids, inside the nose and within the vagina, everywhere.
The pesky pustules fill with
fluid then scab over.
History and physical examination usually aid the diagnosis of Chicken Pox.
The characteristic skin rash with itching and low grade fever help to make the diagnosis.
Confirmation of the diagnosis is possible by examining the direct scraping of the skin lesion under a microscope, viral cultures or a rising antibody level in convalescing blood samples.
Human (alpha) herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster
virus, VZV)
A member of the Herpesvirus group
Worldwide
Chickenpox infection was a common
occurrence, and almost everyone had been
infected by the time he or she reached
adulthood.
Human
Chicken pox is very contagious.
It spreads from person to person by sneezing,
coughing, contaminated clothing and direct
contact with open blisters.
The airborne varicella virus enters the body, then
infects the non-immune person.
2 to 3 weeks
It takes between 10 and 21 days after
contact with an infected person.
Commonly 14-16 days
The stages of chicken pox, from virus to dormancy
Herpes zoster (shingles) on the back
It is usually communicable for one to two
days (up to five days) before the onset of the
rash, continuing until all the lesions are
crusted.
Communicability may be prolonged in
patients with altered immunity.
Usually children who have not had the
chicken pox vaccine.
Adults
People who have autoimmune disorders
the varicella vaccine is recommended for non-immune, healthy individuals aged 12 months or older.
Non-immune individuals who should be specifically targeted for vaccination include:
-household contacts of immunosuppressedpeople
-health care workers
-those working with young children
-women contemplating pregnancy
-parents of young children.
Report to local health authority
Isolation: Exclude children from school,
medical officers, emergency rooms or public
places until vesicles become dry
Concurrent disinfection: articles soiled by
discharges from the nose and throat
Quarantine: usually none
Proctection of contact: Varicella vaccine is
effective in preventing illness
Outbreaks of varicella are common in school
and other institutional settings
Outbreaks of chickenpox may occur among
children crowded together in emergency
housing situations.
David L. Heymann, MD, 2004, Control of
Communicable Diseases Manual, 18th Edition,
APHA, WHO.