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CHILD DEVELEOPMENT

Growth = Physical Development

Increase of size & number of cells

Different parts in different times

Measured by anthropometry

Evaluated by growth reference lines

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CHILD DEVELEOPMENT

Development = Change in function

Difficult to separate from growth

Abnormal growth = Abnormal Development

Individual variation in development

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CHILD DEVELEOPMENT

In All Children:

Development is a continuous process

Stepwise eg. child cant walk before standing

4 abilities: fine motor, gross motor, language,

personal / social The 4 abilities are coordinate & integrate eg.

Walking is gross motor but curiosity, learning

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DEVELOPMENT NEEDS

MATERIAL:

1. Housing 2. Care3. Protection 4. Food / nutrition

5. Clothing 6. Warmth

7. Rest 8. Clean air

9. Sunlight 10. Activity

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DEVELOPMENT NEEDS

PSYCHOLOGICAL / EMOTIONAL:

1. Love / Affection 2. Continuous care

3. Security 4. Self-respect

5. Education 6. Learning life skills

7. Opportunity to learn from personal experience

8. Opportunity to achieve success even if little

9. Opportunity to shoulder responsibilities

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FACTORS AFFECTING

DEVELOPMENT

Various factors before, during or after birth

I- Parents Related:

1. Intelligence 2. Character

3. Culture 4. Maternal age at birth

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FACTORS AFFECTING

DEVELOPMENT

II- Genetic Factors:

Genetic disorders eg. cong. anomalies

III- Metabolic Diseases eg. cong.

hypothyroid

IV- Chromosomal abnormalitieseg. Down syndrome

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FACTORS AFFECTING

DEVELOPMENT

V- Pregnancy Related:

1. Diseases of pregnancy 2. Multiple preg.3. Drugs 4. Infertility

5. Maternal exhaustion 6. Prematurity

7. Abnormal presentation 8. Postmaturity

9. Neonatal hypoxia 10. Birth injuries

11. Neonatal convulsions

12. Uterine & placental problems

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ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

AFFECTING DEVELOPMENT

1. Nutrition

2. Family size

3. Early illness

4. Emotional deprivation

Children development abilities in D.C.s are

measured using the same norms of

western standards !!

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DEVELOPMENT SCREENING

Is a secondary prevention tool aims at

early detection of abnormalities

Is the organized procedure for early

discovery of diseases or risk factors in

people who are apparently healthy

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DEVELOPMENT SCREENING

A screening tool is not necessarily a

diagnostic tool but those at risk screened

must be referred for diagnosis & treatment

Best eg. of a screening test is that for PKU.

Age at which PKU was diagnosed wasreduced from 4 years to 4 weeks after using

screening with positive effects.

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CRITERIA FOR A SCREENING

TOOL

1. Validity sensitivity & specificity

2. Reliability should give same results as

reuse

3. Fast to screen largest numbers

4. Simplicitydoesnt need great expertise

5. Cost effective of low cost

6. Culturally acceptable to the community