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Childhood And History Ppt

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Childhood and History
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Page 1: Childhood And History Ppt

Childhood and History

Page 2: Childhood And History Ppt

Focus of the content

1. the transformation of the idea of children 2. the idea of education toward children 3. the trend of children’s literature 4. the influence of the printing toward children’s literature 5. Rhyme and oral tradition in children’s literature

Page 3: Childhood And History Ppt

Children’s Literature

Generally -- politics, social customs, religion and

economics (Little Women) Specifically --helps define family life and the roles of

men and women (Red Riding Hood/Snow White)

--affect our behavior and attitudes

Page 4: Childhood And History Ppt

Before the sixteenth century

A. In the medieval world ---no place for childhood 1. shorter life span 2. children work for economic reasons --children were taken as young adults

Page 5: Childhood And History Ppt

Before the sixteenth century

B. storytellers, ritual, and tradition --nonliterate—before 15th century, literature

encased in the oral tradition --traditional (oral) tradition—stories in caves

about real and metaphorical beasts; unexplained forces of nature—lightning, thunder, fire, the sun and the moon

Greek Mythology

Page 6: Childhood And History Ppt

Before the sixteenth century

B. function of the stories

—bound the tribe together, providing a common body of knowledge

--children were told what to believe, how to act, and what roles to play --socialize children into the linguistic and moral practices of the tribe

Page 7: Childhood And History Ppt

Before the sixteenth century

----reveal common psychological impulses, as fears, needs and universal human problems

Page 8: Childhood And History Ppt

Before the sixteenth century

the dual role of the storyteller —a historian (the genealogy and important

events of the tribe; a fantasist —a person who created and retold stories to

entertain and instruct listeners in the values and mores of society

--storytellers are transient, traveling from castle to cottage

Page 9: Childhood And History Ppt

Before the sixteenth century

--Illuminated manuscripts, drawn and copied by monks in medieval monasteries

--courtesy books—flourished in the fifteenth century; very instructive and often in rhyme

Page 10: Childhood And History Ppt

Before the sixteenth century

From oral tradition to print --traditional literature/invention of the printing

press in the middle 1400s --more people to learn to read --schooling become possible for the rising

European middle class (boys had to have books)

Page 11: Childhood And History Ppt

Before the sixteenth century

From oral tradition to print --William Caxton—publication of the first book --Aesop’s Fables (1484); Morte D’Arthur (148

5); History of Reynard the Fox (1481) --folk literature—children as the first-time audi

ence

Page 12: Childhood And History Ppt

The sixteenth and seventeenth centuries

renaissance (1300s-1600s)—give dignity to human life and human achievement

demands for all kinds of books—religion, law, medicine, practical manuals, education, arithmetic, astronomy, science, geography, news and literature

Page 13: Childhood And History Ppt

The sixteenth and seventeenth centuries

Wynken de Worde (continue the printing business)

Valentine and Orson (1504)

Page 14: Childhood And History Ppt

The sixteenth and seventeenth centuries

Religious didacticism —John Fox’s Book of martyrs (1563)

protestantism—emphasis of personal salvation

break with Roman Catholicism—literature—the personal search for a heavenly end

Page 15: Childhood And History Ppt

The sixteenth and seventeenth centuries Religious didacticism John Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress—allegorica

l, didactic odyssey of a Christian seeking salvation struck a chord in younger readers

Page 16: Childhood And History Ppt

The sixteenth and seventeenth centuries Two of the most famous example verses are

as follows Now I lay me down to sleep, I pray thee, Lord, my soul to keep; If I should die before I wake, I pray thee, Lord, my soul to take. —1784 ed. In Adam's Fall, we sinned all.

Page 17: Childhood And History Ppt

The sixteenth and seventeenth centuries

--Chapbooks—small paper booklets—available

to common people Tom Thumb His Life and Death

--Hornbooks—wooden boards shaped like paddles and covered with a very thin layers of transparent horn

Page 18: Childhood And History Ppt

The sixteenth and seventeenth centuries --religious didacticism—

New England Primer A Picture Book and Fairy Tales Charles Perrault (1697)—Mother Goose

Tales in France 2. Brother Grimm in Germany—collect the

tales in oral tradition “Cinderella,” “Puss in Boots,” “Sleeping Beauty”

Page 19: Childhood And History Ppt

The sixteenth and seventeenth centuries at the turn of 17th century—ephemeral fairy

tales replaced the heavy-handedness of religious didacticism

4. John Locke—Some Thoughts Concerning Education (1673)

Tabula rasa, blank slate (go against the idea of “original sin”)

Page 20: Childhood And History Ppt

The Eighteenth Century

1. Mother Goose nursery rhymes— Humpty Dumpty (ridicule the aristocrats)

2. nursery rhymes—political satire, nonsensical, weather, human traits, human folly

3. Enduring Legacies of Mother Goose— a. Mother Goose—verse and fairy tale

Page 21: Childhood And History Ppt

The Eighteenth Century

4.adventure and satire —emerged from the puritanical world of the early 1700s

The Life and Strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe

by Daniel Defoe (1719) Guilliver Travels by Jonathan Swift (1726) 5. Childhood Recognized John Newberry—A Little Pretty Pocket Boo

k (1744) and Good Two Shoes (1745) ---for entertaining and instructive --the Newberry Medal

Page 22: Childhood And History Ppt

The Eighteenth Century

6. Scientific Didacticism Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-78)—

émile(1762)—provide an example of the child brought up naturally (an entirely different concept of schooling)

7. “a stock literary character emerging in books for children”

Page 23: Childhood And History Ppt

The Nineteenth Century

Brothers Grimm, Jacob and Wilhelm—collected folktales

Grimm’s Fairy Tales (1823) Hans Christian Andersen—composed his

original fairy tales “The Emperor’s New Clothes,”

“Thumbelina,” and “The Steadfast Tin Soldier,” “Ugly Duckling”

Page 24: Childhood And History Ppt

The Nineteenth Century

Children’s Literature Enters a “Golden Age” --burgeoning industrial revolution and the

technology Christmas Carol(1843) by Charles Dickens Alice’s Adventure in Wonderland (1865) by

Lewis Carroll)

Page 25: Childhood And History Ppt

The Nineteenth Century

-revolutionized ideas about what was appropriate or permissible for children

--Rich in theme, imagery and whimsy Little Women (1868) by Louisa May Alcott

Page 26: Childhood And History Ppt

The Nineteenth Century

Victorian era (known for its middle class ethos

--children have books on manners, morals, and the mores of society

--Adventure of Tom Sawyer (1876) --illustrators (combine Art and text) --literature for pleasure rather than for admonition

Page 27: Childhood And History Ppt

The Twentieth Century

picture books—early twentieth century 1920s and 1930s—marked by an interest in

individual differences growth and development in intelligence,

language, and social behavior an influx of talented writers and illustrators

Page 28: Childhood And History Ppt

The Twentieth Century

e.1940s and 1950s —family stories, fantasies, historical fiction

--interest in psychological theories of Jean Piaget

f. 1950s and 1960s—an awareness of social inequity

g. 1970s—1990s—the breaking of taboos in content

Page 29: Childhood And History Ppt

Summary

children’s literature emerged when societal and cultural forces defined a period of childhood

the double nature of children’s literature: to entertain and to instruct

the definition of childhood continue to evolve


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