Poor, "Ignorant Children": "A Great Resource,"
The Saint John Emigrant Orphan Asylum Admittance Ledger in Context
by Peter Douglas Murphy
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A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Arts of Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, in partial fulfillment o f the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Atlantic Canada Studies
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ABSTRACT
POOR, "IGNORANT CRILDREN*: "A GREAT RESOURCE,"
The Saint John Emigrant Orphan Asylum Admittance Ledger in Context
Peter Douglas Murphy
September, 1997
Between 18 1 5 and 1867, more than 150 000 Irish immigrants passed through the port of Saint John, New Bninswick. Initially and as long as the economy flourished, the Irish were received with open anns. However, as the century wore on, Brïtain began to dismantle the complex system of colonial preferences on which Saint John's prosperity, and the traditional Loyalist hegemony, depended. Eventually, poor Irish Catholics came to be looked on with aversion both by resentfid New Brunswick-bom Protestants and those established Catholics who enjoyed a hard-won, but now increasingly tenuous, hold on "respectability." In 1847 more than 15 000 Irish immigrants arriveci, many of them diseased paupen "shoveled" out of Ireland by their Landlords. Evenhially, 1847 came to regard as "something of a genesis" for the irish in New Brunswick. Recently however, the Famine period, hcluding 1847, has occupied an ambiguous place in the consciousness of New Brunswickers as historians, mistrated with the paucity of documentation for the period, have tumed theu attention to earlier immigration.
This thesis presents the previously unexamined admittance ledger of Saint John's Famine "Emigrant Orphan Asylum," "'as it is." In concert with extensive notes f?om other pnvately held and previously inaccessible Famine documents, the ledger presents a compelling portrait of human s u f f e ~ g and degradation. Borne out of econornic necessity, and in a climate of escalating anti-Catholic sentiment, the Saint John Emigrant Orphan Asylum functioned as a vehicle of religious and culhiral assimilation and a clearing house for domestic servants and fami labourers. In conte* the Asylum Ledger reveals the polarizing process which ultimately made poor "ignorant" children into a "good resource" and in so doing points to a new understanding of the broader Famine
ACKNOWEDGMENTS
This work would not have been possible without the fiendly support of Mrs. Ruth
Woods who allowed me unlimited access to the Admittance Records of the Saint John
Emigrant Orphan Asylurn. Similady, Grneme and Catherine Somerville were most
generous in affording me numerous opportunities to search the Famine records in their
possession. To Mrs. Woods and the Somervilles 1 extend special thanks.
I am particularly indebted to my principal adviser, Dr. Pidraig O Siadhail, who
was always quick to respond to rny pleas for assistance and gave generously of his t h e
and expertise. His kindness and encouragement are much appreciated. 1 also thank Dr.
C y d Byrne for his input in this project and for his support of my various research
endeavors over the years. 1 thank as well Carman Carroll, former Nova Scotia Provincial
Archivist, who brought to my work a keen appreciation for "the ledger" as document.
I am grateful to the Department of Atlantic Canada Studies at Saint Mary's
University for awarding me the 1993-1 994 Higgins Scholarship. It was a great honor,
and the fuiancial assistance was very much appreciated. In addition, among those in
Halifax to whom I feel a special sense of gratitude for favors great and small, I thank Ian
Johnston, Diana Grcic, Dr. Stephen Harley, Tony McDomell, Ross and Gemma MacKay,
Jackie Logan, Wendy Bullenvell and Dr. Colin Howell.
iii
Drs. Peter and Elizabeth McGahan went out of their way to allow me access to the
cesources at the University of New Brunswick in Saint John. 1 thank them for al1 of their
many efforts on my behalf. For technical assistance, in Saint John, I am indebted to AM
Milan, Don Fowler, George Hector and to my cousin Barry Leger Jr.
To Mary McDevitt, Archivist for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Saint John, and
to her assistants: Marie Corkery and Jennifer Long, 1 owe a special thank you for favors
too numerous to recall. Arnong others, 1 am also indebted to Dr. Scott See of the
University of Vermont; Peter Larocque, Curator of New Brunswick Cultural History and
Art at the New Brunswick Museum; Mi. Denis Noël of the Provincial Archives of New
Brunswick; and the staffs of the Information Centre, Saint John Regional Library, and the
Library and Archives Department of the New Brunswick Museum.
I feel a very profound sense of gratitude to a host of people who have, in one way
or another, nurtured my interest in history and more particularly in the history of the Irish
in Atlantic Canada. First among these are: Anne Marie McGrath and Ruby Cusack, the
late Mary Alice (Power) McGrath, the late Alice (Wallace) FitzGerald, the late Joseph H.
Wall, the Iate J. Bert Burgoyne and the late Francis Gerard O'Brien. Among the many
additional fnends to whom 1 owe thanks for material and emotional support, I am
indebted to the Association of Hennits of MacAdarn's Lake, Nova Scotia; Rhoda Flood;
Maureen Beckwith; Gilda Castille; France Durand; David and Kathy Duchesne;
Maureen Reagan; Mark McGillivray; Demis Boyle; Gertrude Horgan and Lynda and
Jemy Farrell.
My fmt debt of gratitude is to my family-to my parents, Fran and Doug
Murphy ; my brother, S tephen; sister-in-law, Jossy , and my sister, Ellen-who were
always there for me and without whom 1 could not have persevered.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
*.
... Acknowledgmen ........................................................ iii
Tableofcontents ............................. ......................... vi
[llustrations ........................................................... vii
Introduction ............................................................ 1
The Emigrant Orphan Asylum in Context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Saint John and the Great Famine . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7
TheEmigrantOrphanAsyIum ............................................ 23
Conclusion ........................................................... 35
TheLedger ........................................................... 38
AppendkI ........................................................... 84
Bibliography .......................................................... 90
vii
viii
John Henry Temple, third Vkcount Palmerston, (1784 - 1865)
From an a i _ m ~ g in the Dctionmy of N d o d Biogr*, Vol. LVI (London: Smith. Elder and Co, 1898). p31
INTRODUCTION
D u k g the half century fiom the close of the Napoleonic wars to Canadian
Confederation, more than 150 000 Irish immigrants "put in" at the port of Saint John,
New ~runswick.' In 1847 alone, fifieen thousand arrived, "a high proportion of them
aged and infirm paupers, shoveled out of Ireland by their landlords and parishes.'"
Indelible memories of the disease, death and depleted resources which followed the
overwhelmingly Catholic inundation of that season insured that, for many Protestant Saint
Johners, "Black '47" would be forever the time when %ose Irish" came. Even within
the city's Catholic community, which traces its beginnings to the arriva1 of the Loyalists
in 1783, the events of 1847 eventually came to be looked upon as "something of a
genesis."3 However, in recent years, historians anxious to defme the significance of pre-
Famine Irish immigration, have emphasized that many-perhaps the majority-f those
who arrived during the Famine eventually lefi New Brunswick for the greener pastures of
New ~ n ~ l a n d . "
That the massive Famine migrations of the 1840s now occupy an ambiguous place
in the historical consciousness of New Brunswickers is perhaps, more than anything else,
' T. William Acheson, T h e Irish Community in Saint John, 18 15- 1 850," in New Ireland Remembered: I-Iisroricd Essays on the Irish in New Brunswick. ed. Peter M. Toner (Fredericton: New ireland Press, 1988). p. 28. Dr. Acheson's estimate of 150 000 does not appear to include the large nuinbers of irish who came to Saint John via Liverpool.
T. William Acheson, Saint John: The Making of a Càionial Urban Community (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1 985), p. 96.
Peter M. Toner, "The irish of New Brunswick at Mid Century: The 185 1 Census," in New Ireland Rernembered: Historieal Essays on the Irish in New Brunswick, ed, Pctcr M . Toner (Fredericton: New [reland Press, l988), p. 106. ' See for example: T. William Acheson, T h e Irish Community in Saint John, 1815-1850," WilIiam A. Spray, "Reception of the lrish in New Bninswick" and Peter M. Toner, "The Irish of New Brunswick at Mid Century : The 1 85 1 Census," al1 in New Ireland Rernembered: Mrtorical Ersays on !he Irish in New Brunswick. ed. Peter M . Toner (Fredericton: New Idand Press, 1988).
the result of a paucity of documentation for the period. For the social historian,
challenged to revive the old, albeit radically transformed and now collective, biographical
approach to history, the Famine immigration to New Brunswick presents a seemingly
insrnountable problem: While charting the evolution of policies directed to the relief of
distressed immigrants, the definitive source on the subject-the correspondence between
govemment oficials in New Brunswick and the British Colonial Onice-çheds little
light on the ongins or ultimate fate of "that cloud of wretched people."5 in fact, except
for an occasional comment on the "class" of immigrants bansported by a particular
vessel, the Colonial Offke Records refer to the Famine immigrants in only the most
general of terms!
As recently as ten years ago, historians, searching for comprehensive
biographical data on Famine immigrants to New Brunswick, were assured that if any such
records ever existed on this side of the Atlantic, they were destroyed in the Great Saint
John Fire of 1877. The one relevant source offered to researchers was a volume of
admission records from the St. John City and County A h s and Workhouse, held by the
New Brunswick ~useum. ' While containhg hundreds of invaluable re ferences to
Famine immigrants admitted to the Emigrant Infumary and Alrnshouse, these records are
riddled with inconsistencies and, even where consistent in individuaI cases, seldom
5 George E. Fenety, Queen's Printer, Political Nofes and (3hsenarions (Fredericton: S. R. Miller. 1 867), p. 262. %e passengers on the Cushlamachree, for example. are described as being "of the humblest class h m the wilds of Comemara." (Colonial Omce Records (hereafier cited as CO.) 1 88/10 1 , Govcrnment Emigation Officer, Moses Perley to the Hon. John Saunders, Provincial Secretary, 18 Aupst 1847.) 7 During the nineteenth century, "St. John" was the preferred spelling for the city as well as for the county and rivcr. In 1927 the longcr spelling-"Saint John"- was adopted for the city in order to distinguish it from St. John's, Newfoundland, and From St. Jean, Quebec. The abbreviated spelling was retained for the county and river.
provide enough data to positively identiQ any particular "inmate" with a peson of the
same narne found, for instance, in later church or census records! Nevertheless, the
explosion of interest in genealogy during the early 1980s led to their publication in 1985,
as The St. John County A h and Work Houe Records, 1843- 18.50 (Saint John: Daniel F.
Johnson, 1985). Somethe shortly thereafter, the discovery in the governent documents
collection of the Provincial Archives, Fredericton, of a "List of Patients at Ernigrant
Hospital in Saint John, 1847- 1 849," provided clariS>ing cross-references but did Iittle to
flesh-out the histories of individuais. And so, the immigrants of 1845-47 have remained,
for the most part, a "faceless" mass.
Until quite recently, the possibility that additional records might exist in private
collections seemed a very slight one. It is still taken for granted that records of
immigrants arriving at the port of Saint John during the Famine were destroyed when the
local Customs House bumed in 1877. And, since the 1832 Passenger Act made the
province responsible for the maintenance of needy immigrants during their fmt year of
residence in New Brunswick, it was logically assumed that records of those who received
relief would have been retained by the provincial govemment or by the Commissioners of
the County Alrnshouses who oversaw poor relief within their jurisdictions. Since only
one volume of early Saint John "Almshouse records" had surfaced by 1985, it was
concluded that any other poor relief records kept during the Famine were lost when the
Saint John Ernigrant Hospital was razed in 1 853.9 Then, during the late 198Os, a cache
Officiais in New Brunswick consistently used the word "emigrant" instead of 'œirnmigrant" ~ o n i c a Robertson, introduction to The SI. John Couniy Alms and WorWiouse Recorck, 18.13-1850, ed.
Daniel F. Johnson (Saint John: Daniel F. Johnson, 1985).
of Famine records was discovered "accidentally" by Saint John history buffs, Graeme and
Catherine Sornerville.
Having purchased, at a local householder's auction, what they thought was "just a
carton of old books," the Somervilles were delighted to discover buried beneath the
container's initial layers of Victorian novels, several ledgee from the St. John City and
County A h s and Workhouse. Two of these dated fiom the 1840s. On closer
examination, one of the heavy leather-bound volumes proved to be the admittance ledger
fiom the Emigrant Infirmary attached to the Almshouse. Another of the ledgen
contained admittance records fiom the Alms and Workhouse, in many instances identicai
to those already available in the collection of the New Brunswick ~useum." To date,
these ledgers have been retained by the Somervilles who have been most gracious in
making them available for the purposes of this study.
In the Sumrner of 1994 my attention was drawn to the fact that yet another volume
of "old Poor House" records had survived and was, in fact, in the possession of a
neighbour, Mrs. Ruth Woods. On fmt inspection, Ruth's ledger was somewhat
disappointing: a slender ( 1.5 cm thick), leather-bound volume, rneasuring 23 -5 cm by
37 cm, it contained only twenty-five partially inscribed folios. A note inside the front
cover identified the contents as the admittance records of the "Orphan Asylurn
Established by His Excellency Sir William Macbean George Colebrooke, 25 Octob.
1 847."' ' Mrs. Woods explained that the keeper of the asy hm, William Cunningham.
was an uncle of her late husband's grandfather. Following the asylurn's closure in 1849,
1 O Interview with Graeme and Catherine SotneMlle, 84 Beach Crescent, Saint John, New Brunswick, 24 August 1994. I I Emigrant Orphan Asylum Admittance Ledger.
Cunningham and his wife, Annie, had k e n appointed to oversee the St. John City and
County Alms and Workhouse. The Cunningham were succeeded at the Almshouse by
their nephew, Edward Cunningham Woods, and his wife, Mary, who were, in tum,
succeeded by their son, Edward Lorraine Woods. As far as Ruth could recall, it was
sometime shortly before the Second World War that a change in govemment resulted in
E. L. Woods being unceremoniously ousted from his office as caretaker. During most of
the years since then, "the old ledger" had k e n tucked away in the attic of the Woods'
homestead on Grandview Avenue in East Saint John. Ruth couldn't bring heself to part
with the ledger when it came time to "break up" the old place and so it was one item she
brought with her to her new home in suburban Champlain ~ e i ~ h t s . ' ~
Dunng subsequent perusals of the Orphan Asylum Admittance Ledger, its
sipiticance became more and more apparent. Great pains appear to have been taken in
recording Full particulars for each of the three hundred and ten children who were
adrnitted to the asylum during the two year period it operated out of the former city
Alrnshouse at the corner of King Street East and Carmarthen. In addition to noting the
name, date of admission, religion, age and place of "nativity" of almost every child who
passed through the asylum, in the case of emigrant c h i l d r e w d ninety percent of these
children were emigrantsthe ledger notes the narnes of the vessels on which they had
arrived. Also included are notes concerning the fate of the parents of each child and,
finally, under a column marked "General Remarks," the details of each child's discharge.
What sets the records of the Emigrant Orphan Asylum apart fiom those of the Aims and
Workhouse and the Emigrant Infmary is that while the later records alrnost never refer
" Interview with Mrs. Ruth Woods, 4 Creighton Avenue, Saint John, 27 July 1994.
to connections between inmates, those of the Orphan Asylum not only consistently
identiQ relationships between charges but provide invaluable dues to links with the
residents of the other institutions. The following example will serve to illustrate this
point:
James B r e ~ a n , aged 55, and Catherine Breman, 12, both natives of County
Mayo and passengen on the Aidebaran, were admitted to the St. John City and County
Almshouse and Infirmary on 23 September 1847. Based on the data recorded for the
Brennans in separate sections of the Museum's Almshouse records one might be tempted
to infer that James and C a t h e ~ e were father and daughter. However, James Brennan
and Catherine Brennan were not the only passengers fiom the Aldebaran admitted on 23
September 1 8 4 i L 3 nor was their sumame a particularly uncommon one in County
Mayo.lJ In the final analysis, therefore, the references in the Museum ledger are
insufficient to support such an inference. More extensive data recorded in the Ernigrant
Orphan Asylum's admittance ledger provide further evidence: Catherine Breman was
transferred from the Almshouse to the Orphan Asylurn when it opened in October of
1847. At her admission, she was described as a twelve year old Catholic native of
County Mayo and a passenger on the Aidebaren [sic]. According to the Asylum ledger,
Catherine's mother had "died on Island;" her father was alive "in ~ o s ~ i t a l . " ' ~ These
crucial snippets of information not only confimi the link between Catherine and James
Brennan-he oniy adult Breman in the Hospital or Infirmary r e c o r d d u t point beyond
the Almshouse and Orphan Asylurn records to an additional reference in The New
" St. John City and County Alms and Workhouse Admittance Ledger, 1843-1 850. '' Primary ("Griffith's") Valuation of Ireland, County Mayo Sumame index. '' Ernigrant Orphan Asylum Admittance Ledger.
B m m i c k Courier. Included in "a return of perçons who died in Hospital on Partndge
Island," published by the Courier on 10 Iuly 1847. is one Sarah Brannan, a passenger on
the ~ldebaran'~ and we dare Say, in light of the evidence provided by the Ernigrant
Orphan Asylurn Admittance Ledger, the wife of James and mother of Catherine Breman.
However interesting the details of James and Catherine Breman's Iives, they are
signrfcant for the historian only in so far a s they reflect underlying patterns. (Anne
Frank's diary serves to "humanize" the Holocaust only because its author can be
recognized as "typical.") It is obvious that the Ernigrant Orphan Asylum Ledger contains
an abundance of biographical detail, but what if any patterns can be detected beneath its
pages? To begin with, during even a cursory examination of the ledger, three important
facts become very clear: The vast majority of children admitted to the Asylum, 9 1 %,
were Irish Catholics. While, in all, these children represent sixteen of Ireland's thirty-two
counties. an usually high proportion of the&7% of al1 those admitted-were actually
born in County Sligo. Almost al1 of these were immigrants of 1847. (In fact, nearly 75%
of the children who passed through the Asylum were admitted before the end of 1847.)
On closer inspection, several additional ''patterns" become apparent." Great
efforts were made in seeing to it that the children rernained in the asylum as short a time
as possible. Twenty-nine percent of those admitted remained less than a month, 85% less
than a year. Excluding the thirty-eight children who died in the Asylum, and the five who
ran away, half of the children were sent to, or claimed by, one or both of their parents or
by other relatives, almost al1 of whom were residing in the United States. Of those who
l 6 The New Brunswick Courier, 10 iuly 1847. " The contents of the Ernigrant Orphan Asylum Admittance Ledger were analyzed using the S.P.S.S. Social Sciences Program.
were taken out of the Asylum by "stranges"- one hundred and fourteen in t o t a k e a r l y
one third (32%) ended up in farniing communities dong the lower reaches of the St. John
and Kennebecasis Rivers, in Kings County. Thirty pe rcene igh t out of ten of them
girls-were "placed out" in Saint John. An additionai twelve children were sent to
Annapolis County, Nova Scotia, where the wife of Asylum Comrnissioner William O.
Smith had a large and influential extended family."
In all, the Admittance Ledger identifies a minimum of 127 different "Masters" or
b'Mistresses" who took children from the ~ s ~ l u r n . '' Using the data contained in the
ledger, together with the 185 1 and 186 1 Census retums and other prirnary sources, it was
possible to determine the occupations of ninety of these. Forty-eight percent of those for
whom an occupation could be identified were farmen, residing, for the most part, in
Kings and Queens Counties in southem New Brunswick. Nearly thirty-five percent
(34.44%) were professionals or merchants, almost al1 of whom resided in Saint John.
Because local Catholic church records have been painstakingly organized and are
readily available for research, it is possible to state with a hi& degree of certainty that
only fifteen (or 12%) of those "strangers" who took children from the Asylum were
Catholic. Among the 88 "takers" for whom a place of birth could be identified, roughly
55% were boni in New Brunswick; 2696-including al1 of the Catholic "taken"-in
Ireland. Dates of immigration were obtained for thirty-three of the forty-four who are
l 8 John Hale Chipman In, A Chipmon Gerredogy, circu 1583-1 969 (Nonveil, M a s : Chipman Histones, 1970), p.77. l9 In some instances, two or more references may actually refer to the same person. For instance, counted among those who took children from the Asylum were: "Mrs. Charles Partelow," "Widow Partelow.' and "Mrs. Partelow."
known to have been bom outside New Brunswick. Of these, more than three-quarters
(76.60%) arrived in the Province before 1830 and more than half (53.29%) before 1825.
Sixty "Mastea" and "Mistresses" were located in the extant rehims of the 185 1
Census. Only eleven (or 18.3%) of these still had their "charges" residing with them. In
al1 but one instance, the children were listed in the Census as servants or labourers.
Surprisingly, in addition to the eleven children who were enurnerated in the homes of
their "takers." out of the remaining two hundred and ninety-nine children who had
passed through the Asylum, only one child could be located in the Census !'O
For the significance of these patterns to be understood, it is necessary that they be
seen in context or, perhaps more accurately, in n context. (One might have chosen, for
instance. to examine the Emigrant Orphan Asylum in the context of Victorian attitudes
toward poverty, or with a primary focus on issues of gender, or, for that matter, in any
number of other "contexts.") So that "the ledger" might be allowed, as much as possible.
to "speak for itself," the contextualization which follows has been limited to an
examination of the Emigrant Orphan Asylum as it was defmed by the history of the local
Irish Catholic community.
- - - -- --
'O While the retunis for some areas are m i s s i n ~ o t a b l y those for the Pailshes of Portland and Lancaster in St. John County-the Census is "complete" for the areas where one would expect to find the majority of the children if they had in fact remained in New Brunswick.
THE EMIGRANT ORPHAN ASYLUM IN CONTEXT
In much of Atlantic Canada, an Irish Catholic presence has been a defming feature
of reality almost from the beginning of European contact. In Newfoundland, for instance,
Irish immigration and settlement followed a long tradition of seasonal migration which,
as early as the sixteenth century, had linked the south-eastern Irish port of Waterford with
the rich fisheries of the Grand Banks. This Irish-Newfoundland comection eventually
extended to include a much larger region centered on the Gulf of St. Lawrence and
including Nova Scotia east of Halifax, Prince Edward Island and the Miramichi and
North Shore regions of New ~runswick." Ln contrast, Saint John's Irish Catholic
comrnunity developed suddenly and only during the frst decades of the nineteenth
century with the expansion of the city's transatlantic timber trade. Received initially with
open arms by Saint Johners hungry for labourers to stoke the fres of the city's expanding
maritime econorny, by mid-century Irish Catholics had corne to be viewed with aversion
as "intedopers and intruders.'"
A few Irish Catholics had numbered arnong the founding Loyalists settlers of
Saint John but, with othen of their faith, they constituted only a tiny fraction of the infant
city's population and, without the services of a priest, they were soon al1 but assirnilated
into the local Anglican community. Even after 18 14, by which point the number of Irish
regulars attached to the local gmison had increased sufficiently to necessitate the erection
'' Cecil Houston, Irish Emigrarion und Canadian Setdernerzf (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1 WO), pp. 192-193.
John Francis Maguire, The Irish in America (New York: D. and I. Sadlier and Co.,l868), p. 88.
of the city 's frst "Roman" Chapel, Catholics remained a negligible r n i n ~ r i t y ~ ~
Immediately after the peace of 18 15, however, Saint Iohn ship ownee and lumber
merchants set in motion a process which would ultimately transform the city from an
insular Amencan village to a bustling Irish seaport.
During the war years (1 796- 18 15), the French blockade of the Baltic had forced
the British to tum to their distant North American colonies for rnasting and so wood
quickly replaced furs as New Brunswick's staple export. At the same tirne, in Ireland,
f m i n g grew to meet the dernands of an English public robbed of its own f m e n by the
ambitions of Napoleon. Following the cessation of war, Irish landlords reverted from
tillage to pasturage, replacing corn with cattle and eventually making the growing mass of
rural labourers superfluous. Saint Iohn shipowne-eir trading ventures already
protected by preferential tari f f s w e r e quick to recognize, in the burgeoning Irish
passenger %adeV which resulted, both an opportunity for extra profit and a solution to
their ballasthg problems. Because of the enormous capacity of otherwise empty tirnber
ships retuming to New Brunswick, accommodations could be provided at prices even the
average Irish labourer could aff~rd. '~ Saint John's proximity to the United States border
made it a preferred route to North America following the passage in Britain of the
Passenger Acts of 18 16 and 18 17, which allowed vessels bound for Colonial ports ten
passengers for every three carried in American ships.= By the 1820s, ongoing trade
links between Saint John and the ports of Cork and Derry provided the tenantry in those
districts with regular transportation to "Arnerica" and ofien at half the price of similar
'' 1-ïouston, p. 204. C.O. l88/4l . Donaldson to Sir Archibald Campbell, 10 October 183 1.
25 Spray, p. 1 S.
passages to Boston. Notwithstanding the fact that h.om one-quarter to seven-eighths of
new arrivals eventually left the ci-d oAen just as soon as they had earned the price
of a ticket to the States-by the 1840s, Saint John had become the rnost Irish town in
British North ~merica!*~
Among those Irish immigrants who remained, many possessed skills that made
thern valuable additions to the expanding urban e c o n ~ m ~ . ~ ' Having discovered a niche,
these settlen subsequently encouraged the immigration of relatives and fiiends from
home, to whom they offered fmancial and moral support during the difficult years of
adjustment in a foreign and increasingly hostile environment. Eventually neighbourhoods
within the city came to be dominated by natives of a single county or parish (for example
Saint John's King's and Sydney Wards became respectively Cork and Louth enclaves).
While this process of "chah-migration" provided a social safety net for those invoived, it
tended to en~ench a profoundly clannish sense of cornmunity which was exclusive even
of other Irish Catholic i m m i g r a d g
Among the large number of Irish who ended up in Saint John simply because they
lived near a port with ties to the city and because emigration was their best or only option
were many of the infum and indigent who eventually becarne public charges. Under the
New Brunswick Poor Law, responsibility for the relief of such persons rested entirely
with local parish govemments. As the province's principal port of entry, Saint John soon
became responsible for housing and feeding Iarge and growing numbers of destitute Irish
- - - - -
Houston, p. 204. " Acheson, Saint John. p. 94.
Peter D. Murphy, Together in Erik (Saint John: Peter D. Murphy. 1990), pp. vii-xviii and Cumulative Farnily Files.
immigrants in the city alrnshouse. Aid was given only reluctantly because many tax
payen felt that the expense of maintainhg poor immigrants should be shared by the
whole province. By 1826, the oveaeers of the poor were publicly denouncing the greed
of shipownen who reaped large profits while "casting a starving Irish peasantry on the
ratepayen of Saint ~ o h n . " ~ ~
in spite of rnounting pressure from civic oficials to have responsibility for poor
relief transferred to the province, New Brunswick's Poor Law remained unamended
throughout the 1820s. As a consequence, the Commissionen of the Saint John City
Almshouse began to focus their attention on devising other means for reducing the
growing burden on the local tax base. In order to discourage indolence, the 1786 law had
provided that two or more overseers of the poor could oblige on the threat of
irnprisonment "any idle or disorderly person . . . likely to becorne chargeable to the Town
or Parish where they reside . . . to labour for any substantial peeon, who may be willing
to employ hirn [or her]." The Law also permitted the overseee to bind out as apprentices
the c hildren of paupen resident within their jur isdi~t ion.~~ These, however, were only
temporary solutions. Ideally, the commissioners of the Saint John City Ahshouse
sought to insure against any r e m visits to their facility. And so, in some years,
hundreds of indigent immigrants, together with their children, were simply trmsported to
locations where they had fiiends or relatives or where they had some hope of fmding
29 Acheson, Saint John, p. 94. 30 James M. WhaIen, "New Brunswick Poor Law in the Nineteenth Century," Unpublished M. A. Thesis, U.N.B., 1968,p. 1 .
ernployment.3' In 1827. the oveneers of the poor for the Parish of St. John went so far as
to ship some of that year's most destitute immigrants back to ~reland."
The number of Irish arrivals continued to escalate into the 1830s and with
increased immigration came demands £Yom Saint John b a t restrictions be placed on the
"quality" of migrants allowed admission to the province. In response, the Commissionen
of Colonial Lands and Ernigration in Fredericton argued that the govemment had no nght
to limit "the travel of the Queen's subjects tÏom any part of Her Majesty's Dominions to
the other." Besides. they contended, "the benefits to the Emigrants so much exceed the
detriment to the Province, that on the whole the system is one which it would neither be
humane nor politic to arre~t."'~ City oficials eventually prevailed on provincial
legislaton to impose a head tax to be paid by the masten of vessels landing immigrants in
the province. But when the tax was fmally introduced in 1832, it was only half of that
charged in New England ports and so New Brunswick continued to a m c t large numbers
of indigent ~rish.'"~ mid decade, the City of Saint John was spending more than £600
per annum to maintain its Partridge Island Quarantine Station, in addition to considerable
sums for hospital and almshouse lodgings and for "outdoor relief."" Eventually, the
conviction that impoverished Irish-Catholics were underminhg both the province's
economy and its traditional Protestant hegemony would result in a nativist backlash.
3 I Spray, p. 20.
" ibid, p. 20. 33 William A. Spray, "'The Difficulties Came Upon Us Like a Thunderbolt': Immigrants and Fever in New Brunswick in 1847" in The Irish in Atkuntic Canada. 1780- 1900, ed. Thomas Power (Fredericton: New Ireland Press, 199 l) , p. 109. 34 Spray, "Reception," p. 22.
35 Acheson, Saint John. p. 96.
The fmt waves of immigration from Ireland had brought roughly equal numbers
of Catholics and Protestants. However, by 1825 the number of Catholic passengee
h v i n g in the Province had increased drarnati~all~. '~ ln 183 1, Thomas Baillie,
Comrnissioner of Crown Lands, claimed that Irish Catholics now made up one-quarter of
New Brunswick's population.37 While the economy flourished, Catholics continued to
be "tolerated." Not until 1830, however, had Catholics been permitted to vote in the
province and, even then, only after a vitriolic debate which whipped up latent anti-
Catholic prejudice.38 For the tirne being, political appointments and public positions in
Saint John continued to rest on an intricate web of kinship and on business alliances
which "excluded virtually al1 but established, Loyalist and Protestant participation."39 By
the 1840s, most of the old settlers were dead and the swelling tide of Irish immigration
had begun to erode the influence of theu descendants. Then, just as immigration fiom
Ireland reached its zenith during the Famine, Britain began to remove the last of the
protective tariffs on which the old economic and social orders had been built. Suddenly
ship carpenten and sawyes and hundreds of other native Saint Johners found themselves
competing for survival with the hordes of disease-ridden "Micks" whom their dwindling
tax dollars supported in the local poor ho~se.~ '
Under such conditions, Orangemen found New Brunswick fertile ground for their
tenets. Born out of the faction fights which plagued late eighteenth century northem
Ireland, the Order is thought to have had its beginnings in the province in Saint John
36 Spray. "Reception." p. 9. 37 C.O. 188/42, Commissioner of Crown Lands, Thomas BailIie to Viscount Goderich, 1 November 183 1. 3"cott W. See, Riots in New Bnrmwick: Orange Nativism and Social VioZence in the 2840s (Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 1993), p. 56. '' See. Rioh p. 27. JO George W. Schuyler, Saint John: Scenes From a Popukar History (Halifax: Petheric Press, 1984) p. 37.
where members of the 74th Regiment had formed a lodge and were meeting regularly by
18 1 The overtly anti-Catholic brotherhood was at first rejected by "respectable" Saint
Johnen but after the Rev. B. J. Gray-rector of the city's oldest and most influential
Anglican C h u r c k m e r g e d as one of the Order's staunchest defenders, many came to
see it as the only means to combating what they perceived as 'Wie Catholic ~enace.'"'
Membeehip skyrocketed during the early 1840s and by the peak of the Famine
migrations included, arnong other notable dignitaries, Saint John Mayor, John R.
Partelow. who later served six years as Provincial Secretary of the Order, and at least
three of six city aldermen.'-'
Confionted w ith the increasing hostility of Protestant neighbors and humiliated by
the indigence of their Johnny-corne-lately countryrnen, the established membee of Saint
John's Irish Catholic community looked, more than ever, to kin and old-country
neighbors for support. By 1840 a serious rift had developed between the Ulster
dominated vestry of S t. Malachi's chapel, and the growing mass of southem Irish
labouren who supported the claims of their Waterford-bom pastor, Rev. James Dunphy.
The situation had become so inflarned by 1844 that Most Rev. William Dollard (Bishop
of New Brunswick, 1842- 185 1) was compelled to move the seat of his diocese fiom
Fredericton to Saint John in order to keep the peace. The following year, attempts to
incorporate the "Roman Catholic Bishop of New Brunswick" met with virulent
opposition fiom Saint John's Catholic elite, who had long controlled local church h d s ,
and fkom members of the Orange Lodge who saw the proposed incorporation as a gain
4 1 See. Riots, pp. 70 and 77. Acheson, Saint John, p. 107.
''' Houston. p. 179.
for "popery." Curiously, Lieutenant Govemor Colebrooke promoted the legislation, if
only as a means to disarming the powerfùl and rabidly anti-British Saint John vestry.
During the weeks of bitter debate which preceded the passage of the bill, a massive
wedge was driven between the city's w d g Catholic factions so thaf on the eve of the
Famine, Bishop Dollard found himself presiding over a hopelessly divided and vuinerable
cornrnunity.14
Saint John and the Great Famine
Despite decades of out-migration to places like Saint John, ireland's population
continued to soar into the 1840s' the constant sub-division of land leaving millions of
peasants utterly dependent on the only crop their tiny plots would yield. Because the
potato had failed countless times before, in 1845 the possibility of yet another failure
caused no particular alarm. At the beginning of July, the potato crop looked remarkably
promising. By autumn, the stench of potatoes decomposing into a gelatinous black ooze
presaged a disaster of hitherto unknown proportions. The blight o f '45 would cause the
failure of four successive crops, sentencing one out of every six peasants to death by
starvation and forcing more than a quarter of the Irish population into "exile.'ds
It was the Spring of 1846 before the impact of the Famine was really felt in Saint
~ o h n . ' ~ Then, as the first of the retuming timber shipç reached port, it became obvious
that the well-ordered pattern of chah migration which had been a constant if not
44 Acheson. "The lrish Community," pp. 36-38. Cumulative Family Files. Schuyler. Scenes. p. 37.
'' Acheson, Saint John. p. 96.
pervasive feature of earlier immigration was giving way to mass e~odus.~' Moses Perley,
the Govemment Emigration Offcer stationed at Saint John, complained that as
immigration increased, so did the "employment of a very unfit class of v e s s e ~ s . ' ~ ~ By
year end, nine thousand Unmigrants would arrive in the city, nearly al1 of them Irish
peasants fleeing the amine? But by now Saint Johners were accustomed to the
vagaries of the "immigrant trade"; many remembered other years when Irish Catholics
arrived in numbers almost as large but most of these had eventually moved on to the
United tat tes?' And so, for the time being, the burden created by the increasing number
of "fiiendless" Irish who filled the County Ahshouse to capacity caused concem but not
consternation- In December of 1846, no one anticipated the flood of human misery which
would soon inundate the city.
A cornmittee of the Saint John City Council would later daim that the
overwhelming di ficulties of 1 847 had corne upon thern "like a thunderbolt"-suddenly
and without waming5' As early as January, however, The New Brunswick Courier was
reporting in graphic detail the horrible particulars of starvation and death in ~reland."
The Morning News reported a flurry of soirées and balls at Saint John in aid of Irish
relief, boasting that, on one day in February alone, £1083 had been remitted from the city
in aid of the suffex-ing ~rish.'~ After it became known that, in future, the whole destitute
" See, Riors, p. 47. 48 C.O. 188/95, Moses Perley to the Hon. John Saunders, 24 June 1846. -19 J. Elizabeth Cushing, Teresa Casey and Monica Robertson, A Chronicfe of lrish Emigration to Saint John. New Brunswick, 18-17. (Saint John: The New Brunswick Museum, 1979), p. 4.
In 1840 more than 8 000 immigrants arrived in Saint John, the majority fiom Cork, Deny and Sligo; 758 1 mived in 1842 (see Spray, "Reception," p. 10 and See, Riots, p. 46). j' C.O. 1881102, Lieutenant Governor William Colebrwke to Earl Grey, 27 October 1847. j' The Nriv Brunswick Courier, 30 January 1 847. j3 The New Bmnswick Courier. 27 February 1 847.
population of Ireland was to be maintained at the expense of the property owners, astute
observers reasoned that the only hope of solvency for some landed families would be to
export their destitute tenan~y.'~ Moses Perley anticipated a flood of diseased and
destitute Irish and pleaded with City offkials to upgrade local quarantine and infumary
facilities. Unforhmately, local expressions of charity continued to be directed almost
exclusively to the alleviation of suffering family mernben "across the pond."55 Before
the year was out, 16 000 Irish would, in fact, set sail for New Brunswick. Of these, more
han 800 would die en route. An additional 1300 would succumb to ''the fevePs6 after
reaching Saint John, many of them while awaiting admission to the dilapidated Partridge
Island quarantine station or exposed to the elements in the city's half enclosed Emigrant
~n fimary ."
Early in May, Moses Perley might have been justified in thiriking his earlier
concems unwarranted. Most of the immigrants he had examined during the preceding
weeks were small farmers who had survived the transatlantic trek not only in good health
but with the means to support themselves or to move on. The Emigrant Agent at Cork-
now the principal port of embarkation for Irish passengers bound for Saint J o b a s s u r e d
Perley that he could expect only "small farmers and their farni~ies."~~ Nonetheless, local
" Cecil Woodham-Smith, The Great Hunger. 184549 (London: FIamlish Hamilton. 1962), p. 227. " .-In spite of reports of famine and disease in Ireland, and indications that the immigration of destitute unhdthy people would be more extensive than in previow years, no special measures were taken at the port of Saint John to prepare for the influx." (James M. Whalen. " 'Allmost as Bad as Ireland': The Experience of the lrish Famine immigrant in Canada. Saint John, 1847" in The Untdd Story.. The Irish in Canada, eds. Robert Driscoll and Loma Reynolds (Toronto: Celtic Arts of Canada), p. 162.
According to the eminent medical histonan, Su William MacArthur, during the Famine, "the fevei' actually refcrred to two separate diseases: typhus and relapsing fever, both of which were communicated by the cornrnon louçe. For an extensive description of the symptoms of both diseases see Woodham- Smith, pp. 188-1 89. 57 Whalen, "Poor Law," p. 29. j8 C.O. 18811 00, Woodward to the i-ion. John Saunders, Provincial Secretary, 29 April 1847.
quarantine and almshouse facilities were filled to capacity when the Æolus arrived in
port, on 3 1 May, with 500 destitute passengers "exported" fiom the estate of Sir Robert
Gore Booth at Lissadell, near Sligo. Space was eventually found for many of the
"healthy" in the old City Poor House near the centre of town, but when several of these
were later diagnosed with "the fever" Perley's worst fears were confmed. The failure of
local officiais to prepare for the influx of diseased and destitute immigrants had exposed
the "good citizens of Saint John" to contagion. There would be no making up for lost
time.
Even at the twelfth hou, when the Province f ially made funds available for the
purpose, the long proposed improvements to the Partridge Island Quarantine Station
remained incomplete becauçe local carpenten refused to step foot on the ~sland.'~
Throughout the spring and early surnmer of 1847 the number of sick awaiting admission
to Quarantine multiplied daily. In some instances the masters of incoming vessels were
so desperate to disgorge their diseased charges that they supplied shelter themselves by
rnaking tents from the sails of their v e s ~ e l s . ~ With the death of twenty-three-year-old
Dr. James Collins on 2 July-only four weeks after he assumed duties as assistant to the
Quarantine p h y s i c i d e fear of contagion in Saint John approached pandernonium.61
Having escaped disease and death at home, most of those Irish who made it to the
"Loyalist City" now had to cope with poverty, wretched living conditions, and the disgust
of the native population. Bryan Clancy, an "assisted" ernigrant fiom County Sligo
59 C. 0. 1 8811 0 1 , Lieutenant Governor William Colebrooke to EarI Grey, 28 September 1847. * \%%alen, "Allmost as Bad," p. 156. 6 1 Harold E. Wright, James P. Collins. M. D., 1824-1847, "A martyr IO his du@" (Saint John: The Partndge Island Research Project, 1988). pp. 4-7 and interview with the late Francis G. O'Brien, 27 July 1994.
larnented that, "Bad and al1 as we were [in Ireland] we often wished we never seen St.
~ o h n
Social violence had become endemic in the city by early summer and as the
connection between the increased crime rate and Famine immigration becarne apparent
membership in the Loyal Orange Lodge skyrocketed. In July, tensions reached the
boiling point. On the Twelflh, a full-blown riot erupted when parading Orangemen,
gathered to commemorate the decisive Protestant victory at the Battie of the Boyne,
attempted to enter the Catholic ghetto of York Point. Bricks and bats gave way to gunfire
until scores of wounded were lefi lying in the streets along the procession route. At the
end of the day, neither side emerged with a clear victory and so tensions between
"Orange and Green" continued to escalate throughout the ~ u r n m e r . ~ ~
Not surprisingly, under such circumstances, Catholic immigrants were offered
assistance only grudgingly. While provincial law entitled the county to be reirnbursed for
the costs incurred in maintaining indigent immigrants-at least during their f ~ s t year in
the province-experience had shown ihat such compensation was always slow in
~ o r n i n ~ . ~ Besides, the commissionen of the St. John County Almshouse were
convinced that responsibility for maintaining the poor Irish should rest not with the
Province of New Brunswick but with the "exporting" landlords and with the home
govemment.65
'' Quoted in Miller, p. 3 16. 63 See. Riors, pp. 1 54- 156.
Whalen, "Poor Law," p. 7. 65 Spray, "The Dificulties," pp. 108- 109 and Spray, "Receptioa" p. 13.
in August, the Yeomm arrived at Quarantine with an additional 5 14 tenants from
the estate of Sir Robert Gore Booth. Many of these had been sick and starving when they
embarked; typhus had clairned a large number during the voyage and others were
labouring with 'Yhe fever" on arrival. With the emigrant sheds already jarnmed to the
doon, some were housed temporarily in military tents while others were compelled to
sleep on the bare wet ground little more than a stone's throw from a swelling mound of
decomposing human flesh." In the city, diseased immigrants and persons infected
through contact with them were transported at once to the Almshouse and Infmary,
"across the flats" on the edge of Courtenay ~ a ~ . ~ ' During August, the medical attendant
at the Almshouse fell il1 hirnself and, for at least ten days, more than 450 sick immigrants
were without any rnedical assistance.68 Those "healthy" but destitute immigrants who
remained in the city were crowded into hastily erected sheds near the military barracks on
St. James Street. However, the outraged residents of Lower Cove and the commander of
the local garrison eventually succeeded in having the sheds closed and the 182 "pauper
ernigrants" who occupied them removed to the ~ l m s h o u s e . ~ ~
During a visit to Saint John in mid-September, Lieutenant Govemor Colebrooke
counted 1200 sick among the "inmates" of the Island and Almshouse infumaries. A
medical board consisting of three local doctors reported that the facilities available in
Saint John were inadequate to cope with the numbers that had h v e d and were still
arriving." While it was obvious that fiirther shelter would have to be provided, if only
66 Whalen, "Allmost as Bad," p. 159. '' Ibid,, p. 160. 68 Spray. "The Dificulties," p. 1 13. 69 The New Brumick Courier, 4 December 1847 and Whaien, "Allmost as Bad," p. 16 1. 7 0 Spray. "The Dificdties," p. 116.
to prevent the spread of disease, public opinion was fiercely opposed to any M e r
expendinire on poor Catholic immigrants. As already stated, under the ternis of the
Passenger Act of 1832, the province had assumed responsibility for the maintenance of
indigent immigrants during their fit year of residence in New Brunswick. In cases
where immigrants remained in the province more than twelve months and were still in
need of fmancial assistance, or had becorne needy, responsibility for theu support fell to
the county poor houses which were maintained at the expense of the local land owners.
The rate of taxation in any particular county and during any given year, therefore,
reflected the expenditures made durhg the previous year to maintain the poor within that
jurisdiction. By the autumn of 1847, with the local economy at an al1 time low, Saint
John land ownen lived in dread of the tax collector. A very high percentage of those who
had immigrated during the preceding months were still completely dependent on the
overseers of the poor for survival; many were sirnply too debilitated to work. Among
those who had survived the passage from Ireland that year, and especially arnong those
exported by Gore Booth, there had been an unusually large number of widows and
orphans. There was no telling how long these poor souk might require support. In the
case of very young children, it might be years.
The Emigrant Orphan Asylum
Toward the end of September 1847 Saint John Alderman and Almshouse
Commissioner, William O. Smith, informed the Lieutenant Govemor that among the
immigrants housed in Almshouse Infirmary there were 153 healthy children, the majority
point, the city owned Poor House building on King Street East had been vacated. The
cornmissioners suggested that with ten days notice they could have the structure,
described only weeks earlier as "a factory of disease," thoroughly "purified" and made
ready to receive poor orphans. (In order to cover the cost of cleaning, white washing,
painting and glazing the building, and to provide the necessary funiiture and fittings, the
commissioners asked for an advance of ~ 2 5 0 . ) ' ~ Once Lieutenant Governor Colebrooke
had given his approbation, the plan materialized quickiy. On 24 October, with the
necessary irnprovements completed, the asylum opened when the fust group of children,
seventy-four (74) in number, were transferred to the facility fiom the Ahshouse
~nfirmar~." During the next two years more than three hundred children would p a s
through the "Saint John Ernigrant Orphan Asylum." in the end, the institution would
prove to have been little more than a clearing house for domestic servants and f m
labourers and a vehicle of religious and cultural assimilation.
From the very beginning, the proposed Asylum had been viewed as a means of
reducing the enormous financial burden which local oficials knew would soon be
imposed on the tax paying citizens of St. John County. Not surprisingly, therefore, when
the facility became a reality, many aspects of its institutional structure and day to day
functioning reflected an underlying pragmatism. To begin with, while the overwhelming
rnajority of orphans in the city were Catholic, there could be no question of inviting
Catholic participation in the ninning of the Asylurn for economic reasons alone. A
Catholic administration would almost certainly insist on placing Catholic children in
- - - - - - -
75 Commissionen of the SL John City and County Airns and Workhouse to Lieutenant Govemor Colebrooke, 6 October 1847, Ernigrant Orphan Asylum CB Doc; C.O. 1 88/I 0 1, 13 July 1847. 76 The New Brunswick Courier, 30 October 1847.
Catho lic homes. Because the majority of Catholics in the province were poor, and in
many instances already supporting distressed relatives, the adoption of such a policy
would mean prolonging the residence of many orphans in the asylum until "appropriate"
homes could be found. The existing administration was determined to place the children
out as quickly as possible-before they became chargeable to the county-even if doing
so rneant comprornising their faith.
While Bishop Dollard was painfully aware of the situation at the Asylum, he had
neither the means nor the human resources to care for the children hirn~elf.'~ Two years
earlier, before the divisive incorporation debate, he rnight have looked to the local
Orphan's Benevolent Society for support but in 1847 al1 of the executive offices of the
society were held by disaffected former members of St. Malachi's ~ e s t r ~ . " Even if the
Bishop had been able to persuade the society to assume control of the new Asylum, given
the long history of acrimony between Catholics and Protestants in the province-and
more particularly between the St. Malachi's vestrymen and Lieutenant Govemor
Colebrooke-it would have been vimially impossible to secure public fùnding to run the
facility as a Catholic Orphanage. So the administration of the Emigrant Orphan Asylum
was left to the predominantly Protestant Commission of the St. John City and County
Almshouse.
- -
Genevieve H e ~ e s s e y , S.C.I.C., Honoria Comuay: Woman of Promise. Foundress of Sisrers of Charity of rhe Inmaculare Conception, Saint John, IV B. (Saint John: Sisters of Charity of the lmmaculate Conception, l985), pp. 34-36. "Chubb S Almanacs, 1846-1 848, list the executive officers of the society as: William Dotierty, president; Francis Collins, vice president; Patrick McCullou& treasurer and Chartes Watters, secretary. William Acheson counts al1 four as prominent members of the anticlerical party within the lay leadership of St . Malachi's Chapel. (see Acheson, "The Irish," pp. 36-38) .
For the time being, the Ahshouse Commission included Aldeman Smith, who
was a faithfùl member of St. Andrew's Presbyterian Church; newspaper editor Henry
C h u b h n e of the leading apologists of "liberal Episcopalianism" in the province-and
local merchant and Justice of the Peace. James ~ a l l a ~ h e r . ' ~ Unlike Smith and Chubb,
both of whom were bom into large and hfluential Loyalist Saint John families, James
Gallagher was a "blow in." Born in County Femanagh, Ireland, he arrived in New
Brunswick alone in 18 18 and quickly assumed a position of leadership within the
congregation of St. Malachi's ~ h a ~ e l . " However, his unflinching support of clerical
authority eventually narrowed the sphere of his influence so that, by November of 1847,
when he most needed them, he had few prominent supporters even among Saint John
~atholics.~ '
On 1 November, the very day Saint John quarantine station was due to
close for the season, the Æohrs arrived from SIigo with more than four hundred of the
most disease-racked passengers ever to arrive in the city, al1 but six of them former
tenants of the British Foreign Secretary. Viscount ~almerston." Among the passengers
were large numbers of children 'kith bareiy suficient rags upon their penons to cover
their nakedne~s."~~ Many of the passengers were old and enfeebled, diseased ridden or
'' Emigrant Orphan Asylum CB Doc. Commissioners of the St. John City and County Alms and Workhouse to Lieutenant Governor Colebrooke, 6 October 1847; Baptismal records of St. Andrew's Presbyterian Church; George L. Parker. "Henry Chubb," in Dictionary of Canudian Biography, Volume VU1 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press. I 985 ), pp. 1 56- 1 57; Acheson, Saini John. p. 1 09.
George L. Parker, "Henry C hubb," in Dictionmy of Canadian Biogrophy. Volume VUI (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1985 ), pp. 1 56-1 57; St. John County Probate Records, Dr. William Howe Smith file, 1 822; The Murning Freernan, 1 8 Decernber 1 866 and CurnuIative Family Files, Gallagher. 11 1 The Morning Freeman, 18 Decembcr 1866; The New Brunswick Courier, 18 May 1844 and 19 August 1848 and Acheson, "The irish" pp. 36-38 " Whalen. "Allmost as Bad," p. 162. u3 C.O. 1 88/I 02, Moses Pedey to the Hon. John Saunders, Provincial Secretary, 2 Novernber 1847.
weak corn starvation." When ordered to report on the circumstances surrounding the
arriva1 of the Æolw, Moses Perley declared that in £ive years as Govemment Emigration
Oficer for the Port of Saint John he had never seen greater misery and destitution:
"ninety nine of every hundred would have to be supported by public charity." 85 Because
al1 of the various public buildings were aiready overcrowded, it was virtually impossible
to fmd accommodation for the most recent arrivals. At an emergency meeting on 10
November, the members of City Council failed to arrive at a means for the community to
shelter and support such an 'bnheard of mass of misery." The only option, they thought,
was to compel those "recently landed fiorn the Æolus, and othen already in the city
begging tiom door to door," to retum to Ireland !86 The Lieutenant Govemor was
shocked by the council's proposal, and promptly informed the mayor that the govemment
would play no part in providing retum passages to ~ r e l a n d . ~ ~ Eventually those who couid
not fend for thernselves were squeezed Uito the already cramped sheds at the
~ l r n s h o u s e . ~ ~ No kwer than forty children fi-orn the Æolu were admitted to the
Emigrant Orphan ~ s ~ l u r n . ~ ~
The two-story stone building at the corner of King Street East and Carmarthen
was now filled beyond capacity. The structure had been designed to house a maximum of
sixty adult inmates? By early November, the number of children sheltered within its
- -- - -
" C.O. 1881102. Dr. W.S. Harding to Saint John Mayor John R. Partelow, 4 November 1847, also The New Brunswick Courier, 13 Nov 1847.
C.O. 188IlO2. Governent Emigration Onicer, Moses Perley to Lieutenant Governor, Sir William Cotebrooke, 3 1 Decemkr 1 847. Xb Saint John City Council Minutes. 10 November 1847. Volume X W I , pages 569-571. '' C.O. 1881102, No. 69.
C.O. 188/lO7. CoIonial Land and Emigration Office to Herrnan Merivale Esq, 14 January 1848. " Emigrant Orphan Asylum Admittance Ledger. Ln several instances the a d m i ~ c e ledger identifies a child as having corne to Saint John on the Aeolus but does not indicate on which voyage he or she saited,
Whalen. "Poor Law," p.5 5. The structure served as the City Poor House h m 1820 until 1843.
walls reached one hundred and fi@ (150).'' It was now of paramount importance that
the orphans be "placed out" as quickly as possible. To that end, on 12 November,
Lieutenant Govemor Colebrooke relieved James Gallagher of his responsibilities at the
Asylurn, and irnplemented a program of secular and religious education caiculated to
make the orphans more appealing to the province's Protestant population. While
insisting on the necessity of "avoiding al1 undue interference with particular tenets,"
Colebrooke organized a comrnittee of eleven Protestants and one Catholic to instill in the
children "a sense of their primary duties as members of a Christian comrnunity." Among
the most prominent members of the comrnittee were three well known Anglicans: High
Sheriff Charles Johnston, Provincial Treasurer Beverly Robinson and the Rev. J. W. D.
Gray, 93 whom the province's leading Orange journal hailed as the "Faîher of the
Protestant Church in New ~ m s w i c k . " ~ ~ (Hugh Sharkey-the token Catholic on
Colebrooke's "Cornmittee of Management" -1ived a half-day's joumey away fiom the
~ s ~ l u r n . ) ~ ~ Early in December, a reporter from The SI. John Morning News visited the
Asylum and found 100 children fomed into classes in the lower Bats of the building and
"learning the fint branches of a common school education."% Eventually a "spacious
school house," eighty by huenty-four feet, was erected on the grounds of the Asylurn
where the orphans were instmcted by an "excel lent"-and respectably
Protestant--teacher, Miss ~ i m e t t e . ~ '
9 1 E m i p t Orphan Asylum Admittance Ledger 91 C.O. 188/102, Lieutenant Govemor WilIiam Colebrooke to Earl Grey, 14 December 1847. 93 Executive Council Records (RS7), Volume 32, tile 1. p. 730. Y 4 Quoted by Acheson in Saint John, p. 107. 95 Cumuiative FamiIy File, Sharkcy. % nie SI. John hloning News, 6 December 1 847. 97 Executive Council Records mS7). Volume 32, file 1 , p. 720.
Notwithstanding their being Catholics. William and Annie Cunningham retained
their positions as keeper and matron at the Asylum following Gallagher's disrnissa~.~'
However, while The Morning News cornrnented that the Cunningham had shown
"themselves well worthy of the responsibilities of their office,"99 the couple was denied
many of the discretionary powers Poor House precedents would have allowed them.loO
Unlike their counterparts at the City and County Ahshouse who were fully ernpowered
to act as delegates of the Commissioners with the authority to place children out, the
keeper and matron of the Ernigrant Orphan Asylum had little or no Say in policy making
or in the placement of ~rphans. '~ ' In addition, the Cunninghams were subject to the
almost constant scrutinizing of Lady Colebrooke, who was named "Patroness" of the
Asyium, and of the members of the Cornmittee of Management, one or more of whom
visited the facility daily.'02
Excluded h m an active role at the Ernigrant Orphan Asylum, a group of
prominent Saint John Catholics Ied by Rev. Edmond Quinm-and including, among
others, several of the deposed St. Malachi's vestrymen-organized what might be
described as an Asylum auxiliary. On 4 December, Fr. Quinn acknowledged the receipt
of a number of "generous contributions, for the very charitable purpose of procuring e m
clothing for the Ernigrant Orphans now in the Old Poor ou se."'^^ A cornmittee of
ladies organized by Quinn spent "whole days in" the new Catholic Temperance Hall on
98 Executive Council Records (RS7), Volume 32, file 1. p. 7 1 8. 99 The Sr. Johtt hlorning Ncws, 6 Decernber 1847- lm Whalen. -Poor Law." p. 58. 'O' Saint John Emigrant Grphan Asylum Admittance Ledger. The admittance ledger makes it clear that the Cunningham's required the permission of at least one of the Commissioners in order to place a child out. 'O2 The New B r u m i c k Courier, 4 December 1847. 'O3 The Neru Brunwck Courier, 4 Dccember 1847.
Sydney Street making up clothing for the poor orphans so that by the middle of the
month, "cloaks, bonnets, hwds and top-coats [had been] provided for upwards of one
hundred." Caps for the boys and rnittens for al1 had yet to be supplied. While extending
thanks to those who had already supported his efforts, on 18 December, Fr. Quinn made it
clear that fùrther assistance would be required.lM
On 28 December 1847, Lieutenant Governor Colebrooke informed the Colonial
Secretary in London that "there [was] every reason to hope that the orphan Asylurn
established at St. John [would] prove o greut resource to the cornrnunity, as well as a
refuge to the children who have been left destitute [emphasis added]."'05 As far as the
Almshouse Commissionen were concemed, the Asylum was, fmt and foremost, a means
to reduce the huge tax burden created by the immigrants of 1847. However, as long as
they rernained convinced that they would be reimbursed for the expenses incurred in
ruming the facility, conditions remained if not cornfortable, then at least tolerable.
Before the children were even admitted to the Asylum, they were taken into an adjoining
shed where they were "stripped From top to toe and [undenvent] a thorough lavation,
frorn the hands of a matron stationed there for the purpose. Their old duds [were] placed
in a pile in the centre of the yard, and burned; so that the children enter[d] the institution
perfectly clean, and without carrying any vemin with them." For the cornfort and health
of the children, the two upper Rats in the Asylum were furnished with "a number of
wooden bedsteads, containhg straw beds, and plenty of good clean, warm covering."
1 0 1 The New Brunnvick Courier, 18 December 1847. 'O5 C.O. 1881102. Lieutenant Governor William Colebrooke to Earl Grey (forwarding annuat report of Govemment Emigration OtKczr, Moses H. Perley), 28 December t 847.
The building [was] tolerably well heated by means of a large wood-stove placed on the first flat-the pipe of which [ran] through the Bats above. The children [werelwell fed and clothed. In the rnorning they bad] Indian or oatmeal porridge and molasseç-soup for dinner-and plenty of good tea and bread for supper.
At the end of December, the Commissioners were pleasantly surprised to discover
that the expense of keeping the children separate from the adult immigrants was actually
less than had been projected. But when provincial authorities proved slow to reimburse
the county for the expenses which had already been incurred at the Asylum, the future of
the facility was thrown into question.'07 On 19 Febniaiy 1848, having received little or
no rent for the use of the building, the Saint John City Council formed a "committee for
the purpose of obtaining possession of the Old P w r House. . . " 'O8 Probably through the
influence of William O. Smith-who, it will be remembered, was also a City Councilor-
the Almshouse Commission was able to retain control of the building at least for the time
being. However. following the 30 March passage of a Provincial Act "relating to
Immigration, and the care and safe keeping of the Children and Property of deceased
Emigrants," responsibilities at the Asylum becarne increasingly onerous. While
contiming the right of the Almshouse Commissionen to bind out "as apprentices" the
orphan or deserted children of Emigrants or paupers, the new legisfation required that
Indentures of Apprenticeship be issued by which those taking children would agree,
among other things, to teach their charges to read and write. More significantly-and
almost certainly in response to accusations of abuse leveled against "Masters" andor
"Mistresses"-under the terms of the new act, Smith and Chubb were compelled to
'06 The S. John Morning News, 6 Decernber 1 847. 'O7 Executive Council Records, RS7, Volume 32, file 1 May 1848, p. 720. 'O' Saint John City CounciI Minutes, Volume XIX, p. 5.
defend "the child . . . bound from cruelty, neglect or breach of contract . . . and to inquire
into the treatrnent of every such child . . . and to redress every grievance sustained by
them . . . according to law."lo9
By May of 1848,296 children had been admitted to the Emigrant Orphan Asylurn.
Eighty of these had been "taken out by ûiends and generally removed to the United
States"; seventy-five had been "placed out with gentlemen and respectable fmers."
Many had corne to the Asylum with "debilitated constitutions and suffering fiom
protracted dysentery" and in spite of the ministrations of the attending physician. Dr. John
Paddock, thirty of these had subsequently died. One hundred and eight children rernained
in the asylurn at the end of May when the "Emigrant Orphan School Cornmittee"
addressed a petition to the new Lieutenant Governor. Sir Edrnund Walker Head, begging
for a gant of funds in order to çustain the school attached to the ~ s ~ l u r n . ' ~ O "From
unavoidable circumstances and the unexpected failure of support," the cornmittee had
been unable to remunerate Miss Minnette for her past services, "much less fulfill an
engagement for a longer period."''' In mid December, following a visit to the Asylurn,
rnembers of the local Grand Jury reported that the establishment exhibited "a want of
looking afier . . . and that the inmates did not appear to be well fed or properly cared
1 O9 1 1 Victonae A.D. 1848. C.64, pp. 239-241. "' Emigrant Orphan Asylum CB Doc. " ' Ibid.
for." Il2 One week later, the City Chamberlain was ordered to apply for the rent due to
the Corporation of the City for the use of the Asylurn building."3
By the beginning of June 1849, the number of children at the Asylum had
dwindled significantly. The Grand Jury suggested that the institution be closed and those
remaining removed to the Almshouse. This, they thought, "would probably save
considerable expense and would afford the engagement of a competent instnictor for the
whole number of pauper children which would be of manifest advantage to them.77"4 In a
last effort to place the remaining children out, beginning on June 9th and continuing daily
into the Fall, Commissioner Chubb published a notice in The New Brunswick Courier
directing " f m e r s and others desirous of having either male or female apprentices of
sufficient age to be of service . . . to make early application to the Commissiones of the
Alms House." In language reminiscent of advertisements for slave auctions, the notice
assured readers that7 "A number of fine healthy children will be bound out to proper
persons, on immediate application."' l5 In d i , twenty-three children were discharged
during the summer and early fall. Then, on 8 November 1849, those who
remahebçeven girls and twenty-two boys-were transferred to the St. John City and
County AImshouse and the doors of the Ernigrant Orphan Asylum closed for good.'i6
' " St. John County General Session Minutes, RS 156, 1 848- 1 850, p. 1 8. During the first haif of the nineteenth century, the Grand Jury was the popular element of local govenunent in New Brunswick. Members of the Jury were chosen From among those resident in the community for at least three month and who owned fieehold property in the county of the annuai value of E 1 O or personal pmpew worth f 1 O0 or more. The Jury acted in an advisory capacity to the Justices of the County Quarter Sessions. "' Saint John City Councii Minutes, Volume XlX, p. 260. 114 St. John Counw Gcnerd Session Minutes, RS 156, 1848- 1850, pp. 225-226. Il5 The New Brunswick Courier, 1 0 3 une 1 849,6 October 1 849, etc. I l 6 Saint John Emigrant Orphan Asylum Admittance Ledger. in several instances dates of discharge are given which postdate 8 November 1849. in these cases, the children were actually discharged from the Almshouse.
CONCLUSIONS
The majority of Irish Saint Johners are descended from immigrants who "crossed
the pond" well before the 1840s' yet, for many in the "Loyalist City," the Famine
continues to be regarded as the t h e when %e Irish came." How does one account for
the persistent contradiction between the historical facts and the popular impressions of
Irish immigration to Saint John? Until recently, no explmation could be attempted
because detailed data on Famine immigration was thought to be non-existent. Presented
here in context, the recently "discovered" Admittance Ledger of Saint John's Emiyant
Orphan Asylum creates a compelling picture of h u m a . suffering while shedding light on
the question of the Famine's real and lingering significance. In that Iight, the events of
"Black '47" appear as instrumental to the fuial sundering of Saint John's population into
the hvo religious "solitudes" which defmed life in the city for the next hundred or more
years.
As outlined above, during the prosperous years which followed the peace of 18 15,
Irish immigrants were received in Saint John with open arms. Eventually, chahs of
immigrants from single "Old Country" parishes and villages entrenched a closed,
complex system of social and economic interdependence which was exclusive even of
other Irish immigrants. As the century wore on, Britah began to dismantle the colonial
preferences on which the city's prosperity, and the traditional Loyalist hegemony,
depended. At the same time, as economic conditions in Ireland worsened, the number of
"fiiendless" immigrants arriving at Saint John began to increase. By the 1830s the local
poor house and other charitable institutions were filled with sick and indigent Irish
immigrants who ended up in Saint John simply because they had lived near ports with
trading connections to the "Loyalist City." Eventually, these poor and mostly Catholic
Irish came to be looked on with aversion by resenffil New Brunswick-bom Protestants
and by those Irish Catholics who enjoyed a hard-won, but now increasingly tenuous hold
on "respectability." The Admittance Ledger of the Emigrant Orphan Asylum records the
biographical details for more than three hundred children caught, as it were, in the
crossfire.
By the eve of the Great Famine, Saint John's population had become severely
polarized on the bais of religion. At the peak of the 1847 migration, tensions reached
the breaking point. Establ ished Irish Catholics fiom earlier m i g r a t i o n ~ a n y of whom
were already burdened with the care of distressed kin recently arrived fiom
Irelanbwere unable or unwilling to assist the hundreds of disease-ridden paupen
exported to the city. While many castigated the exporting landlords and the British
Govemment for the disastrous situation which followed, others placed the blame on the
shoulders of the immigrants themselves. In such circumstances, a nativist backlash was
almost inevitable.
In the midst of the crisis, Protestant civic and county oficials were preoccupied
with one concern: How to reduce the cost of maintainhg the throngs of destitute
Catholics who filled the local poor house and Emigrant Infmary beyond capacity. It was
in response to this problem that the Saint John Emigrant Orphan Asylum was created. In
the interest of reducing projected expenses at the City and County Almshouse, the
Asylum transfonned "ignorantTT irîsh Catholic children Uito a "great resource." I l 7
Details recorded in the Asylurn Admittance Ledger indicate, with very few
exceptions, only "fnendless" immigrant children-that is children without relatives
settled in the cornrnunity-ended up in the facility. Finding themselves in a strange new
world without the cornfort of farnily, they were completely dependent on the ratepayers of
St. John County, many of whom were openly hostile to Irish Catholics. Typically the "full
orphans" were "placed out" with New Brunswick-born Protestants-for the most part as
domestics in Saint John or as f m labourers in Kings and Queens Counties.
In context, the Admittance Ledger of the Saint John Emigrant Orphan Asylurn,
makes it ciear that it was the resentment occasioned by the huge influx of Irish paupers
during the Famine which eventually cemented the wall between Saint John's already
warring religious factions. Four rnonths before the Ernigrant Asylum closed, in
November 1849, a second bloody riot at York Point entrenched '%O solitudes" in the
city. When cholera visited Saint John four-and-a-half years later, during the s u m e r of
1854, the local Catholic community-ow united by the threat of a common
bbenemy'7-erected its own Orphanage to care for the city's "fatherless poor." Eventually,
the memben of the city's various Protestant congregations collaborated to estabiish a
similar facility of their own.' l 8 In the wake of the Famine, Saint John Protestants and
' '' The St. John Morning Navs of 4 Decernber 1 847 re ferred to the residents of the Ernigrant Orp han Asylurn as "ignorant children." Later in the month the Liecenant Governor expressed every hope that the Asy lum-and by inference the c hildren in it-wouid prove a "great resource." C.O. 1 881 1 02, Lieutenant Governor William CoIebrooke to EarI Grey ( f o d i n g annual report of Government Emigration Officer, Moses H. Perley), 28 Decembet 1847. ' ' v h e Halifax Catholic, 26 August 1 854.
Catholics-orphans and citizens of ail ages and ranks-would inhabit two separate
worlds.
KEY TO THE LEDGER
Every effort has been made to render the following transcription of the Saint John Emigrant Orphan Asyiurn Admittance Ledger as exact as possible. (The original spelling and punctuation have been retained even where they are conspicuously incorrect.) However, it must be borne in mind that what one encounters in the wrïtten word is ~[woys a confluence of what actually appears on the page with what one brings to the reading. In order to gain a sense of the perspective which infonned the process of transcription, it is suggested that the reader direct his or her attention to the proceeding contextualization before approaching the Iedger itself.
Additional information pertaining to the various vessels which transported immigrants to Saint John in 1847 will be presented in a separate section, identified as Appendix 1.
In the interest of brevity, the following abbreviations have been used in the footno tes :
Manuscriph :
A l = St. John City and County Almshouse Infirmary Records, 1843 to 1847 (Catherine and Graeme Somervil le Collection, Saint John).
A2 = St. John City and Cowity Alms and Workhouse Records, 1847 to 1852 (Catherine and Graeme Sornemille Collection, Saint John)
= St. John City and Counîy Alms and Workhouse Records, 1843, 1845 to 1849 (S45) (New Brunswick Museum, Saint John)
A4 = St. John City and County Almshouse and Municipal Home Records, 1853- 1867 (MC249. M S 1 1/2) (Provincial Archives of New Brunswick, Fredericton)
RS555 = Provincial Secretary: Immigration Administration Records, List of Patients at Emigrant Hospital in Saint John; 1847- 1849 (RS555.B.B 1 c) (Provincial Archives of New Brunswick, Fredericton)
Published Sources :
DC B = Dictionary of Canadian Biography DP = Baker, Dessie, ed. Emigrantsfrorn Derry Port, 184749. (Apollo, Pa: Closson Press, 1985) MacLysaght = MacL ysaght, Edward. The Surnames of Ireland. (Dublin: fris h -4cademic Press, 1 99 1 )
Date of Entry 1 848 Sept
1849 Augt 22
Octob 25 1847 Bracçlahan VI 0'
Religion Name hdrews W m H~~
- Mary
Breman Catherine
Brcnnan Mary
Beattie Cathine
Burns Mary Ann
1 Presumably William Henry. On 19 lanuary 1849, William Andrews, of Portland, St. John County, was tned for the murder of his wife, Martha convicted of manslaughter. and sentenced to fourteen years in the Provincial Penitentiary with hard labour (N. B. Courier, 20 January 1849). "The Prisoners' child, a fine smart Iooking lad. of about eight years of age, who happened to be in the room at the time when the murder was committed, was brought forward; but His Honor the Judge d e r putting certain questions to hirn, considered that he was entirely too young to be placed upon the stand, consequently he was not examined. That poor iittk kllow is now in the Poor House, near the Jail, and under the p a t e d care of Mr. Cunningham, who no doubt acts as a father towards him." ( m e Mornhg News, 19 January 1839). ' Native of New Brunswick. ' Mn. Ianc (13) and Mary Jane Anderson (2). Protestant natives of County Tyrone and passengers on the Surah from Londondeny, arrived in Saint John on 20 July 1849 and were admitted to the Alrnshouse on 24 August 1 849 where they remained untif sometime &et 1 January 1 850 (A3 ff. 1 04, 1 05 and 1 06). A town and a townland in the Parish of Termonmaguirk.
Anderson Mary ~ane'
Ikised-Jeremiah
8tst-d Daniel
Breman John
' Surname changed in the register from Busterd to Bracelahan under a verbal order (presurnably from one of the Commissioners cf the Asylurn to William Cunningham). 6 Mary Brarinan (7%)- a native of County Roscommon and a passager on the Hannah. was adrnitted to the Emigrant Hospital from Saint John, with fever, on 7 Juiy 1847, discharged on 3 November and sent to the Orphan Asylum (Al C 90). 7 Native of New Brunswick.
Agc 8
n
n
Catholic PFe€eS
Catholic
Catholic
Phce of Nativity native2
Church Endand
Catho lic
n
n
13
12
7
6 !4
13
2 years
12
1 O
Cty Mayo
sIigo6
Gaiway
Ga1 way
12
County Tyrone 6 mile cross4
County Kerry
I l
Native ~bk'
Vessel's Name
Ship Serah fiom
Father sent to the Penitentiq for
London Derry MW
Generai Remarks Sent to the Alms House 8 Novb 1849' 1
1849 Judge Parker presided Father died on the passage Mother
I
Taken by her Mother 24& Augt went to livini
F & M died here1°
Sent to the Alms House 8 Novb 1 849' ' I
Aldebaren
Hannah
*resuumbly William Cunningham, keeper of the Emigrant Orphan Asylum. ' ~ a k c n from the Almshouse by Mn. Parielow on 30 March 1 850 (A2 f. 128). 1 O Deborah (44) and Betty (1 5) Bresnahan, natives of County Keny and passengers on the Mary, were admitted to the Ernigrant Hospital, from Saint John, witb fever, on 3 August 1847. Deborah died in the Hospitai on 23 August 1847. Betty was discharged on 25 October 1847. Patrick Bresnahan (50), a native of County Kerry and a passenger o n the Mary, was admitted with fever, from Saint John, on 5 August 1847 and died in the Hospital on 5 September 1847 (AI A: 76 and 85). I I Daniel Bresland sent to Boston fiom the Alrnshouse by Mr. Cunningham on 17 ApRl 1850 (A2 f. 128)- '' Michael Bresland sent to Boston fiom the Aimshouse by Mr. Cunningham on 17 Apnl 1850 (A2 f. 128). If John Anderson (39, an Irish-born clothier who amivecl in New Brunswick in 1837, was enurnerated in Duke'dQueen's Wards, Saint John, in 185 1 (p. 59). 11 James (55) and Catherine Brannen ( 12). natives of County Mayo and passengers on the Aldebaron from Sligo, anived in Saint John on 1 8 June 1 847 and were admitteci to the Almshouse on 23 September 1 847 (A3). Sarah Brannan, 25, a passenger on the Aldebaran, is listed in 'a return of names of persons who died in Hospitai on Partridge Island, 7 May to 2d July [1847]" (N. B. Courier, 10 July 1847)- l 5 Reuben Taylor (63), New Bninswicker-born fumer, was enurnerated in the Parkh of Dorchester, Westmorland County in the Census of 185 1 (p. 42). IO Catherine Branncn (27), a native of County Femanagh and a passenger on the Hanna, was admitted to the Emigrant Hospitai, with fever. fiom Saint John, on 9 July 1847 and died in the Hospital on 17 July 1847 (Al f. 81). 17 Edward M., son of Edward and EIlen (Mahoney) Roche, died at the residence of his faiher, St. James Street. Lower Cove. Saint John, on 2 January 1846, age 6 years and four months (Cumulative Family Files, Diocesan Archives, Saint John) (see note 25).
Bernard McGovern (43, an Irish-boni Roman Catholic fmerfproprietor, was enurnerated in the 1861 Census of the Parish of Petersville (which included Mouth of Nerepis), Queens County (p. 9).
ALms House died 27 May 1848
Midas
David
M died on Island F dive in ~ o s ~ i t a l "
F died at home M in ~ o s ~ i t a l ' ~
Gone to live with John ~ n d e r s o n ' ~ clothier 12 Octob 1849
Taken by Chas Black for Rheuben ~ a ~ l o r " '
Dorchester 8 Decb 1847 per order Taken by Edwd ~oache" Lower Cove 24 Novb 1847 ~ e r order Comr Smith
M diea on Ship F on isld
bI Living F died at home
M dead
Taken by Gilbert Lemont Gagetown 2 1 " Sept 1 849 per order Comr Smith
Taken by her Mother to Boston 1 4' Agt 1 849 pet order Comr Smith
Taken by Bernard ~ c ~ o v e r n ' ~ Mouth of the Nerepis per order Comr Smith 22 Novb 1847
Date of Entry [Octob 25
18471
Novb 24
3 0
Decb 11
Jany 1848
Mch 15
19 John and Elleanor Blayney of Fannet [Fanad], County Donegal, together with their children: William
Name lan ne^'^ William
Brennan M#
Blaney ~ r i d ~ e f "
Braudley M@
Blaney ~atrick"
Boyle AIice
Boyd Mary Jane
Bracelahan Abigail
24
1848 May 23
May 6
(IO), Bndget (8) and Pat (5) appear on a list of passengers of the Portland, leaving Derry for Saint John, on 4 May 1847 (DP. p.32). John (40). "Ellen" (30), Wm (IO), Biddy (8), Patrick (6) and Daniel "Bleeney" (4 months) - natives of County Donegal and passengers on the Portland - were adrnitted to the Sahi John Emigant Hospital on 27 October 1847. Wm and Biddy were discharged on 3 November, Patrick on 24 Novemkr (Al ff. 1 13, 123 and 133). John was discharged on 22 May 1848 (A3 f. 67). A List of "Patients at Ernigrant Hospitai in Saint Johnn lists Dan Bleeney (1 %), a passenger on the Portland fiom Derry, as a -'dekate orphan" who died in the Hospital on 1 1 May 1 848 (RS555, see also A3 f. 79). The records are silent as to Ellen's fate. 'O Ann (2 1 ) and Mary Brannen (9), natives of Couniy Sligo and passengers on the Lady Sale, werc admitted to the Almshouse on 25 September 1847 (A3 f. 64). " See note 19. 71 - Winni Branley (36) and children: Mary (12), Margaret (IO) and Paûick (7) - tenants of Sir Robert Gore Booth in County Sligo and passengers on the Lady Sale - were admitted to the Ernigrant Hospital, h m Saint John, with fever, on 6 October 1847. Wm Branley (40), another tenant of Gore Booth in County Sligo. was transported to Saint John on the Sea and was admitted to the Hospital on 6 October 1847. Patrick Branley died in the Hospital on 27 October 1847, as did Margaret, on 16 November 1847. M q was discharged on 2 November (A 1 fK 1 1 1, 12 1 and 13 1) (see note 27). I 3 Sce note 19.
Boyle Charles
Religion [Catholic]
n
n
II
$9
n
to Meeting
Catho t ic
Blackburn Alexd
Bracelan Abigail
Broderick Patk
Catholic
Age 1 O
8
8
8
7
10
7
15
Meeting
Readmitted
Catho
Place of Nativity Donegal
Sligo
Donegal
Sligo
Donegal
Coty SIigo
Belfast
Coty Kcny
11 Killybegs Coty DonegaI
14
2%
London Derry
Cork
Vessel's Name 1 1 General Remarks Portland 1 F & M in Hospital 1 Taken by Mr John ~tevens" Neripis Road
Lady Sale
Lady Sale 1 F & M in ~ l m s house'l' 1 delivered to her Father per order Comr Smith
Portland
Lady Sale
Portland
F died at home M in Hospital
1 1 P Greenwich K ~ o u n t v " 25 Feby 1 848
Sept 2"d 1849 per order Comr Smith
F & M in Hospital
F & M in Hospital
F & M in Hospital
Wario r
died 15 Feby 1848 Taken by Mr Jos A Sieveright ~ a r n ~ t o n ~
17 May 1848 Taken by John Belyea Westt?eId Kings ~oun$' 24h Apl 1849
Sent to the AIms House 8' Novb 1849'
"John Stevens (58). an Irish-bom fmer/proprietor who arrived in New Brunswick in 1823. was enwnerated in the 1 85 1 Census of the Parish of Wesdïeld (which included Neripis Road), Kings County (p. 43) (see note 205). L5 See note 17. " ~ o s e ~ h A. Sieveright Esq. mamied. on 23 November 1841. Catherine. daughter of John Howe Esq.. Post Master General, Hdi fax, Nova Scotia (N. B. Courier, 4 December 1 84 1 and 19 September 1857). Joseph A. Sievewright (50), a Scottish-born fmer/proprietor who arrived in New Brunswick in 1845, was enwnented in the 185 1 Census of the Parish of Norton (near Hampton), King County. Also enumerated in his home was, arnong others, Bridget BIaney, a twelve year old irish servant, who arrived in New Brunswick in Jute 1847 (p. 28) (see note 74). " ~ o h n Belyea (55). a New Brunswick-born famier, was enumerated in the 1 85 1 Census of the P&sh of Westfield, Kings County. hcluded in the Belyea household was, arnong others, Mary Branley: a twelve year old Irish-born servant, who amved in New Brunswick in 1847 (p. 23) (see note 22). " Taken from the Alrnshouse by ME. PmeIow on 26 July 1850 (A2 f. 132). "John (35) and Eliza Boyle (32), natives of County Sligo and passengers on the Lpdy Sale, spent fiom 30 November to 14 December 1847 in the St. John County Alms and Workhouse (A2 ff 8 and 23). 30 Jacob Haviland (52), a New Brunswick-born f m e r , was enumerated in the 1851 Census of the Parish of Greenwich, Kings County (p. 7). 31 Alexander Boon (37), a New Brunswick-boni coachman, was enumcrated in the 185 1 Ccnsus of Duke7s/Queen's Wards in Saint John (p. 173). " A. B. Thorne (59), a Nova Scotia-hm, Church of England fmer, was enwnerated in the Dominion of Canada 1871 Census of Brod Cove, Annapolis County, Nova Scotia (p. 34).
F dead M living
MW
B [anche
British Queen
MW
16 Decb 1847 Taken by Jacob Haviland Long Reach
F & M dead
F & M died in ireland
F & M dead in Ireland
went to Boston 14 June 1849
F dead M Living
Gone to live with Nexd Boon St ~ o h n ~ ' 12 May @ 7/6 per mo.
Taken by A B Thorne Annapolis" sLh Apl 1848 per order Comr Smith . .
Run away
Went to Boston 14 June 1 849 with her sisters Nom & Betty
Taken by his Mother 6 Octob 1849 per order Comr Smith
" Ann Co ffee ( 1 4). a passenger on the Arneon. was adrnitted to the Emigrant Hospital. with fever, on 1 6 October 1847. She was discharged, and sent to the Orphan Asylum, on 25 October (Al f. 122). Joseph (1 l), James (9) and Catherine Coffee (3 %), "destitute orphans" and passengers on the Amuzon, were admitied to the Hospital on 16 Octo ber 1 847(A 1 f. 132). ij Catherine ( 1 4). Jane ( 1 2), Patrick (8) and John "Kervey" (S), natives of County Sligo transpotted to Saint John by Sir Roben Gore Booth on the Yeoman, were admitteci to the Emigrant Hospital, h m Saint John, on 2 1 Octo ber 1 847 when they were descri bed as "destitute orphans." Catherine, Jane and Patrick were discharged and sent to the Orphan Asiyurn on 25 October 1847 (A 1 ff. 123, 132 and 133). '' Catherine ( 1 6). Mary (14). AM ( 12) and James Cunningham (9). "destitute orphans" transported to Saint John fiom Sligo, on the Yeoman, by Sir Robert Gore Booth, were admitted to the Emigrant Hospital on 2 1 October 1 847 and four days later, on 25 Octo ber, having been discharged, were sent to the Orp han Asylum (Al ff. 123 and 132). 36 or Collary. 37 Catherine (40) and Peggy Clancy (1 O), natives of County Tipperary and pssengers on the Shakespeur, were admitted to the Emigrant Hospital, fiom Saint John, with fever, on 3 Jdy 1847. Wm (35), Eilen (14), Norry ( 12) and Judy C lancy (9), also natives of County Tipperary and passengers on the Shkespem, were admitted, from Saint John, with fever, on 16 July 1847. Wm died in the Hospital on 27 August 1847. Mary was discharged on 28 October (A1 ff. 73,81,90 and 92). The records of the St. John County Alms and Workhouse note exactly the same particulars for the Clancys but, in addition, note the admission, with Wm, Ellen, Norry and Judy, on 16 July 1847. of Mary (1 5) and Catherine Clancey (3) (A3 f. 49).
Date of Entry Octob 25th 1847
X
Reiigiou Catholic
IV
I t
nt
Il
11
I t
II
I I
tt
Readmi ted
I I
n
II
Name of fée^^ Anne
Coffee Joseph
Coffee James
Co ffee Catherine
came? Catherine
Carvey Jane
Carvey Patrick
~unnin-" Catherine
Cunningham Mary
Cunningham Anne
Cunningham James
c o k e Mary
~lancy" Ellen
Age 12
11
9
3 %
13
11
8
15
13
1 O
9
4
13
Place of Nativity Galway
Il
Il
II
SIigo
Il
II
11
Il
11
T ~ P P ~ ~ W
L
Yeoman
Readm i tted
F & M dead
11 M died at home F died on 1shnd4'
- -
Ceneral Remarks Novb 17 Sister came h m Boston for her order
J Gallmer Comr Taken by Doctor Earle ~nr" Hampton Feny by
permission Comr Smith Novb 6" Novb 1 7 Sister came h m Boston for him
order J Gallagher Comr do do " do
S hakespear
Gone to Live with Capt W Whitney 16" Agt 1849 at 6s per mo"
ï'aken by Mrs Gmom Vinegar ~ i l l * per Order Comr Smith 7 Decb 1 847
died Tuesday 2 1 Decb 1 847
M Alive F died in Airns House
Taken by W O S Sunday 12 Decb 1847
Taken by Geo Howard near Fredericton
Taken b y y - Y M r s 10s Smith n e z the
Stone church4' Smith is a Ship Carpenter (Son of Peter Smith) 28 August 1848
Taken by John ~ w e e n e ~ ~ ~ King Square 1 Decb 1849
died 28 decb 1847
Taken by Mrs Jos Smith near Stone Church 3 Dec 1847
" Sylvester Earle .Ir. (29), a New Brunswick-bom physician, w u enumerated in the 185 1 Census of the Parish of Hampton, Kings County (p. 7). 39 Six shillings per month. JO Now Richmond Street, Saint John. 41 Jmes Cunningham (44), a passenger on the Yeoman. appears on a "retum of ernigrants who died on Partridge [sland, 24 September to 1 November 184'7' (N. B. Courier, 20 November 1847). " St. John's Anglican Church - commody called "Stone Church" - Carleton Street, Saint John. 43 John Swecney (48). an Irish-born stevedore who arrived in New Brunswick in 1826, was enumerated in King's Ward Saint John, in the Census of 185 1 @. 186).
PIace of Nativity [ T i ~ ~ a r a r ~ 1
Clancy Peggy
Aze 11
Date of Enîry [Octob 25 1847
Coyle James
- .
JJ Sec note 37. " Mic hael ( 1 O). Catherine (8), Catherine (6), Patrick (5) and John Cavenagh (3), natives of County Mayo and passengers on the John De Wolf, were admitted to the Ernigrant Hospital, fiom Saint John, on 6 October 1847. The younger Catherine was discharged on 26 October. Michael, the elder Catherine, and Patrick wen, discharged on 29 October (A 1 f. 13 1 ). John Cavenagh died in the Hospital on 2 Novernber. John Cavanagh (12), a passenger on the John S. DeWolf From Killala County Mayo, appears on a list of emigrants who died on Partridge Island during the week ending 1 1 September 1847 (N. B. Courier, 1 8 September 1 847). U, Margaret ( 1 3). John (6) and Sarah "Kene" (4). natives of County Deny and passengers on the Warrior, wcrc admittcd to the Emigrant Hospital on 15 October 1847 when they were described as "destitute orphans." Sarah Kene died in the Hospital on 10 November 1847 (A l f. 132).
n
Readmitted July 1 1/49
Name ~ l a n c ~ ~ Nora
II
Religion [Catholic]
8
Coyle Miles
CoyIe Margery
Camy Catherine
Conly Jane
~ a v a n a g h ~ ~ Catherine Bm
Cavanagh Patrick & Sister
Cavanagh Cat hine
Cain a John
Conway lames
Conway Patrick
n
12 Donegd
rn
tt
Il
II
11
n
n
n
11
Brothcrs n
1 O
7
6
9
8
6
12
8
16
13
II
Il
C ty Galway
Cty Mayo
Cty Mayo
" do
Coty Demy
Coty Sligo
II II
1 1 1 22 Jany 1 848 per order 1
Vessel's Name [ ShakespearJ
I l* l n n n 1 Taken by her mother in May 1848 I M Nive F died in Alms House
1 1 1 per order Comr Smith 1
- -
General Remarks Taken by Mrs George McCadey Cadeton
L
Am bassador
Fann~
I n I II II 1 died SwAy Monday Decb 20 1847 I
F Br M died in ~ o s ~ i t a l ~ '
F dead M living
Taken by W.O.S. Esq to Fredericton to live with Capt Barker Steamer
Sent to Boston to T & P McCallen 26 July
II
Cushlamachree
John DeWolf
I*
f i II
11
Warrior
Sent to Boston by T & P McCallen 26 July per order Comr Smith
died 7 Mch 1 848
F died at home M gone to Quebec
LM died on Island F gone to Boston
n II n
Lady Sale
47 Dennis (52). Margt (40) and Mary "Coan" (1 S), natives of County Galway and passengers on the tlmbassador, were admitted to the Emigrant Hospital, fiom Lancaster, St. John County, with fever, on 10 August 1847. Demis died in the Hospital on 23 August 1847. Margt died in the Hospital on 29 August 1 847 (A 1 ff. 86 and 100). The Almshouse records note the admission, on 10 August 1 847, of Dennis (52), Margaret (40). Mary (1 5), Dennis jr. (13) and John Coan (2), natives of County Galway and passengers on the .4mba.ssadress fiom Liverpool, who arrîved in Saint JO hn on 1 3 Jdy 1 847. According to the Almshouse records, Dennis Coan Sr. died on 20 August, Margaret on 27 August and John Coan on 13 September 1847 (A3 ff. 3 7 and 54). 48 'Ihomas Morgan (66). a Nova Scotia-born Baptist f w e r , was enumerated in the Dominion of Canada 1871 Census of Hillburg. Digby County, Nova Scotia @. 8). " ~ a k e n fiom the A h h o u s e by Mr. Baird, Amhersc Nova Scotia, on 13 Nov 1849 (A2 f. 5). 50 Charles Peaman (48), a New Brunswick-bom farmer, was enumerated in the 185 1 Census of the Patish of Greenwich, Kings County (p. 29) (see note 166). 5 l Isaac Haviland (63), a Nova Sco tia-born famer, was enumerated in the 1 85 1 Census of the Parish of Greenwich Kings County. Also counted in the Haviland residence was, among others, Caroline [sic] Cavanah, a thirteen year old "apprentice" who arrived in New Brunswick fiom Ireland in June 1847 (p. 30). " Taken from the Almshouse by Gwrge Teakles, Sussex, Kings County, on 10 Nov 1849 (A2 f. 2). 53 John M. Robinson (43, a New Brunswick-born barrister, was enumerated in the 185 1 Census of Sydney Ward. Saint John @. 276).
Taken by Thos Morgan St Mary Bay ~ i ~ b ~ ~ ~ per order 23 Feby 1848
Taken by Mrs Bogan Portiand 1 1 June 1849 per order W.O.S.
Sent to the AIms House 8 Novb 1849"
F & ivl died on Island
F & M died in St John
VI n II
Taken by Chas ~ e a t m a n ~ for Isaac ~aviland" Long Reach 16 Feby 1848
Sent to the AIms House 8 Novb 1849"
F dead M Living at home
died this evening Monday Novb 15 about !4 past 8 oClock
Taken by John M Robinson ES^'^ Lawyer 9 Novb Der W.O.S. order
b
Date of Entry [Oct 25 184q
died 28th decb 1853
carletons' Michael
Carleton Bndget
Name Conway ~ i c h a e l ~
C o ~ e l l y Michael
Jany 20 Readrnitted
n
n
cone1ia5' Patrick
Conelia Marcus
Religion [Catholicl
n
Carleton Mary
cavanaghS Manin
Cavanagh Mic hael
Carey cathrineSX
12
16
II
n
Novb 13 1847
Y And (40) and Michl Conway (8). natives of County Sligo and passengers on the Ruby. arrived in Saint
Age 1 O
14
Coty Sligo
n II
n
II
N
rn
I " vbl Coen
John on 2 July 1847, were admitted to the Alrnshouse on 27 July 1847 and discharged the sarne day. On 30 July 1847, And (30). Michl (8). Sibby (3) and Anne Conway ( l ) , natives of County Sligo and passengers on the Ruby, were adrnitted to the ALmshouse whem Arne died on 14 August. Andrew on 3 1 Ayust and Sibby on 9 September 1847 (A3 K. 32-35 and 53). Michael Conway (8), a native of County Sligo and a passenger on the Ruby, was admitted to the Emigrant Hospital, with fever, on 30 July 1847. Dischargecl on 26 October, he was sent to the Orphan Asylurn (Al f. 94). j5 Sally (22). Biddy (20), Mary (1 8). Michl(13). Pat (1 2) and the Widow Carleton (46). natives of County Sligo transported to Saint John by Lord Paherston on the Lady Sale, were adrnitted to the Emigrant Hospital on 3 November 1847. Biddy, Mary and Michl were discharged on 4 November, Pat on 24 November (A 1 ff. 123, 124 and 133). Sally was discharged on 25 April 1848, her mother on 13 May 1838 (A3 f. 89). " Mic (28). Martin (14). Mic (7) and James Kavenagh (4). passengers on the Ruby From Sligo, were admitted to the Emigrant Hospital, from Saint John, on 4 November 1847; the younger Mic and James "destitute" and Mic Sr. and Martin with fever. Martin and the younger Mic were discharged on 5 November 1847 (Al ff. I l 3 and 134). "The irish sumame O Conghaile (pronounced "O Ca-knee-lee") is usually rendered Comelly in English (MacLysaght, p. 55). That record keepers at the Emigrant Hospital and Orphan Asylurn enscribeci what they hcard as Canclly and Conclia probably indicates that Paûick and Marcus wcrc irish speakers. 58Jame~ (50) and Catherine Carey f 14). natives of County Galway and passengers on the Midas, arrived in Saint John on 2 September 1847 and were admitted to the Alrnshouse on 12 September f 847 (A3 K. 61 and 73).
- -
Place of N a t ~ t y Sligo
Coty Sligo
7
3
Co-vne Bryan
n 1 l 4 1 Il
14
t 4
7
Galway
w
13
n I(
n n
w il
Coty Galway
n 16 Coty Sligo
Vessel's Name Ruby
Yeoman
F & M dead
1 Lady Sale 1 F died at home M Living in Hospital
- - - - - - - - -
General Remarks gone to live with Hanford ~ o s t w i c d ~
F & hl dead F died in Hospital
Kingston 16 Feby 1848 Peier V ~ l a ~ l o r ~ ' Parish Greenwich KC. 18
n n
Hampton 29 Novb
Doctor Adino paddock6'
n n
11 n vt
Ruby
Apt per order Comr Smith Taken by John lohnstonb2 (Lawyer) per order
n n II
Ruby
m I
1 Midas 1 M dead F in Hospital 1 Taken by Mr Hunt per order Comr Smith
- .
Comr S 20 Novb
F dead M in Hospital
:Midas
w
Long Reach 19 Feby 1848 taken by Robt Dingy ~ a r ~ e t o w n ~ 19 Novb
11 n
5s E Ianford Bostwick (59), a New Brunswick-bom fmerlproprietor, was enumerated in the 1 85 1 Census of
1 848 Taken by his Brother 13 Novb 1848
F in Boston M in ~ o s ~ i t a l " ~
n II
Xolus
11
the Parish of Norton, Kings Counv. Also counted in the ~ostkick residence, was, among othen, Michael Comley [sic], a thirteen year old "apprentice" who arriveci in New Brunswick, b m Ireland, in June 1847 (p. 27). 60 Adino Paddock (63), a New Brunswick-born physician. and his wife, Nancy (58) - also born in New Brunswick - were enumerated in the 185 1 Census of the Parish of Kingston, Kings County (p. 3) (see notes 73 and 134). " "d. (StJohn) city, 27th ult. [July 18561, Peter V. Fldor, aged 68" (N. B. Courier, 2 August 1856). '"dm Johnston (40). a New Brunswick-bom attorney, was enumemted in the 185 1 Census of Duke's/Queen's Wards, Saint John (p. 80). '' William Whitney (28). a New Brunswick-bom clerk, was enumerated in the 185 1 Census of King's Ward, Saint John (p. 67) (see note 146). tri "d. St. JO hn . i 5 th inst. February 1 86 1 1, age 42, Sarah w/o George Day and d/o Ro bcrt Dingey, Gagetown, (Queens Co.). Shç was baptized by Rev E. McLeod and united with the Free Baptist Church in this city" (Religious Intelligencer, 22 Febniary 186 1) (see note 15 1). 65 Paddy (8), Marcus (3) and Mrs. Canelly (26), natives of County Galway and passengers on the Midas, were admitted to the Ernigrant Hospital, with fever, on 3 November 1847. Paddy and Marcus were discharged on 5 November. Mrs. Canelly died in the Hospital on 30 November (Al ff 123 and 133). 66 Christopher Harper (39), a New Brunswick-bom f m e r , was enumerated in the 1851 Census of the Parish of Sackville (near Shediac), Westmorland County (p. 52). Another Christopher Harper died at Dorchester, Westmorland County on 7 JuIy 1850, age 47 (N. B. Courier, 2 August 1850). 67 James Fowler (40). a New Brunswick-born fanner, was enumerated in the 185 1 Census of the Parish of Hampton, Kings County (p. 13) (see note 102).
per order Comr Smith Taken by their parents per order Comr Smith
16 decb 1847 do-do-d0-~-d0
hl dead F living in Hospital 29 Novb
Taken by Christopher ~ a r p e r ~ (20 Novb) Shediac per order Comr Smith
Taken by Jas ~ o w l e P Hampton Kings Coty Little River 17 decb '47 per order Comr S
Date of Entxy Name Religion Aze Wovb 13 18471 [Coyne] Michael n 12
" Lawrence n 1 O
" Bessy n 4
17 Comelly Mathew n l 4
Carty Tom &&y n 6
Carty Kitty €&y n 3
Novb 20 Cornmons I Cummins
Novb 20 1 847 Commons John Catholic 13 I
Novb 22 Conway Mary Il 22 I 1 I
1 Conway Margaret 1 n 1 20
24 ~arleton~' Patk n 8
Decb 20 Cavanagh Michel 01 14 Readmitted
21 Cuncannon Jeremiah n 14
1848 Jany 3 Clarke Mary n 1s Readmined
4 Cummins John n 13
Place of NatMtv
Coty Galway
Coty Sligo
Coty Sligo -
Coty Mayo
" Galway
" Mayo
Coty Sligo
"Sec note 55.
Vessel's Name [IEolusj
I . . .. I
Cushlamachrce 1 F dead M in the Shed 1 Taken by her mother 5 June per ordcr Cornr
n
Il
Yeoman
[M dead F living in Hospital] per order Comr srnith
-
Taken by A L ~ a l r n e r ~ ~ Dorchester 20 October 1849 per order Comr Smith 2 1 J . My4448 Sent to Alms House
8"' Novb 1849" F died in Hospital M died on 1 died 3 1 Jany 1848
1 F died at home M living in Shed I Runaway 26 Novb
-
Ceneml Remarks Taken by William Balmm Annapolis 8' Augst
II n
l? Il
Runaway 26 Novb
11 II n
Il Il Il
Smith Taken by his mother per order Comr Smith
1 6 decbl48 died 1 9 Febcuy 1 848
69 A. L. Palmer (30). a New Brunswick-born barrister, was enumerated in the 185 1 Census of the Parish of Dorchester, Westmorland County. Among those enumerated in the Palmer residence was Lawrence Cowan [sic]. a twelve year old irish "apprentice" (p. 45) (set: note 132). 70 Taken from the Aimshouse by Dr. Leslie of Annapolis, Nova Scotia on 2 May 1850 (AI p. 43). 71 Catherine (4 1 ), Sally (32). Lawrence (7) and Bdgt. Connolly ( I O months). al1 passengers on the Yeoman from Sligo. appear on a lia of ernigrants who died on Partndge Island fiom 24 September to 1 November 1 847 m. B. Courier, 20 November 1847). 72 oh an na, wife of Cornelius Magner - a native of Ovens, County Cork, Ireland - died at her residence, Carleton (West Saint John), on 8 April 1889, aged 8 1 (Sainf John Globe, 8 April 1889). 73 S e notes 60 and 134. 74 See note 26. 75 Hector McLean (67), a Scottish-born Presbyterian f m e r , was enumerated in the 1861 Census of the Parish of Waterborough, Queens County, New Brunswick (p. 1 1). 76 Handly E. Fitch (53, a Nova Scotia-born Baptist farmer, was enumerated in the Dominion of Canada 1871 Census of Clarence, Annapolis County, Nova Scotia (p. 24).
Taken by Mrs Cornelius ~ a g n a ~ " Carleton per order Comr S 5 Jany 1848 retmed
Taken by M n Adina add dock'^ Kingston K C 9 Febry 1848
Taken by his Mother lob May149 per order Comr Smith
Taken by Mr Jos A ~ieveri~ht" Hampton 17 May 1848 Readmitted
Taken by IIector ~ c c l e a n ' ~ Grand Lake Q.C. 3 Januarv 1848
Il
It
Lady Sale
John DeWoIf
Midas
Midas
iEolm
1
M dcad F living at home
do - " - do
F died at home M living in Hospital
F in Boston M dead
F & M dead
per order i
F & LM dead at home
F dead M in Hospital
- --
Taken by W H Sewell7 July p& order Comr Smith
Taken by Handly E ~ i t c h ' ~ wilmot N S 7 June
Place of Nativity [Coty Sligo]
L
Date of Entry [Jany 1848)
19
20
20
Febry 4
Febry 15
Coty Cork
n n
Coty Deny
Name Clancy Rodger
~oleman" Hannah
Coleman Eliza
Clark Ann
Carleton Mary
Conway Mary
Conne11 Julia
Conne11 Thomas
Drum Lake near Cork
Catholics say their AU; Mn Hugh smithn the mason who say their
parents Living
Religion [Catholic]
(1
11
C o f E
Readmiüed
Readmitted
Caiholic
I t
22
Mch 29
Apl20
May 17 Coty Sligo
Age 8
12
7
15
7
5
Rcadmiaed per order
Catho
Il
Readmitted Catholic
Clarke Anne
Cain ~ar~are t t"
Cain Catherine
Gsty Honora Cashman
Gwty Patric k Cashman
Clark A m
~ronin" Sibby
n Elannah ( 12) and Eliza Coleman ( 3 , natives of County Cork and passengers on the Elizabeth Parker, spent from 22 September to 26 September 1847 in the St. John County Alms and Workhouse (A3 f. 63). 78 Margaret Cain (13). a native of County Demy and a passenger on the Warrior. spent h m 15 Ociober I 847 to 29 March 1 848 in the St. John County Alms and Work House (A2 f. 34 and A3 f. 94). 79 John. son of Hugh and Julia (Cashman) Smith, was baptized in St- Malachi's Chapel, Saint J o h , on 15 December 1850 (Cumulative Family Files, Diocesan Archives, Saint John). 80 Frs. (661, Mrs. Mary (50), Sibby (14), Honor (IO), and Margt Cronin (8), natives of County Sligo transported to Saint John by Lord Palmerston on the Aolu, were admitteci to the Emigrant Hospital on 29 November 1847 (A 1 ff. 126, 1 35 and 138 and A2 ff. 7-22 and 35). Sibby was discharged on 17 May, Mary on 3 July 1848 (A3 f. 90). A "List of Patients at Emigrant Hospital in Saint John - 1 May 1848" includes Mrs. Cronan (SO), who is desaibed a s "sickly", and Sibby Cronan (14), passengers on the Xolus h m Sligo, who d v e d in Saint John on 9 June 1847 (RS555).
13
13
5
3
14
Vessel's Name [Eo t us1
Eliza Parker
n n
F md44 living M dead
F dead M living
Portland fiom L Demy
General Remarks Taken by Peter ~ a s s i d a ~ ~ l point Lepreaux
26' July/49 Taken by her Mother 2 1 July per order
n n n
Warrior
Corn Smith do - do - do - do -
F & M living in ireland
F Iiving M died in St John
r 1
~ c t d Gone to live with Robertson bIemtt8' back of Long Island 8s per mo 14 Febry 1848
Taken by Hemy McKcel Long Reach 19 Febry 1848 per order
Taken by Jas ~ u ~ h e s ~ ~ Digby 24 Febry 1848 @ 6s per mo for 6 mosW
del ivered to her Father 28 Febry per order Comr Smith
F & M dead
F & M dead
Sent to the Alrns House 8 Novb 1 84986
do Brot by Doctor Gay"
" Peter Cassidy (50), an Irish-bom boatman who arrived in New Brunswick in 1825, was enumerated in the 185 1 Census of the Parish of Pennfield, Charlotte County (p. 20). ".-m. 19th inst. pune 186 11, by Rev. Downey, Gilbert W. Vanwart, merchant of Woodstock (Carleton Co.) 1 Miss Phoebe Memtt, Simonds d o Iate Robertson Merritt of Hampstead (Queens Co.)" (Religious Intelligencer. 28 June 1 86 1 ). 83 James A. Hughes (5 1). an Irish-barn Church of England ship master, was enumerated in the 1871 Dominion of Canada Census of Digby, Nova Scotia (div. 1, p. 14). RJ Six shillings per month for six months. "John Doherty (57), an irish-bom "gentleman" who arrivcd in New Brunswick in 1817, was enurncrated in Duke8s/Queen's Wards in the 185 1 Census of Saint John (p. 173). 86*gN~ra" Cashman was taken from the St. John County Alms and Workhouse, by a Mr. Draper of Carleton County, on 4 July 1850 (A2 f. 106). Pat Cashman died in the Almshouse on 9 February 1852 (A2 f. 169). '' Rev. Dr. J. W. D. Gray. Rector of Trinity Chureh Saint John? " William Boyle (40). an Irish-bom merchant who arrived in New Brunswick in 1827, was enurnerated in the 1851 Census of King's Ward, Saint John ( p. 283). Boyle agreed to pay Sibby Cronin five shillings per month (see also notes 136 and 14 1).
Below . . fl
vb W O S E s q Taken by George Miller 3 1 Mrch per order
Comr Smith 1 6 ~
Gone to Mrs Corscaddons SC John 1 May 1848
Xolus F & M in Hospital Gone to Iive with Wm Boyle 4th JuIy @ 5s per month if likedB8
1848 Octob 24
1848 Agst
1849 July
Carleton Mary
Carvey Jane
Cunningham ~nne''
Sept 16'
Readmited
Readmited
Readmi ted
Cavanagh Cathrine
Clark Mary
Octob 25 1847
Readrnitted July 1 1 th 1849
Crawî'ord James
Donovan Dellnis
- Donovan " Daniel
L I
Cathot ic
n
Donovan Chas
Davy Biddy
8'3 Am (12) and James Cunningham (9), "destitute orphans" transported to Saint John from Sligo on the Yeoman by Sir Robert Gore Booth, were admitted to the Emigrant Hospital on 21 October 1847 (Al f. 132).
Catholic
12
7 Donovan Michel
'40 Dennis ( 12). Daniel (1 O), Michnel(7) and Charles Doherty (4), natives of County Cork and passengers on the British Merchuni, were admitted to the Emigrant Hospital, with fever, h m Saint John, on 6 October 1847. According to the Hospital records Dennis, Daniel and Charles were discharged on 25 October; Michael died - in the Hospital - on 29 October 1847 (Al f. 13 1).
1 I Y=
it
n
- -
4
-
- -
-
-
-
- *
-
Religion Date of Entry June 27
Jdy 3"
. Age 14
(4 years in St. John) fiom Cork he says
old 10
Name Cavanagh Michael
Cronin Sibby
PIace of Nativity
Readmi ted
Couny Cork
4
I l Cty SIigo
Vessel's Name Ceneml Remarks Sent to the Alms House 8h Novb 1849"
Brot by W O S Esq for Beging on
per order Comr Smith Taken by David ~ o ~ w e l l " 24" May/49
Taken by her Parents 10 July 1848 per order Corn Smith
Taken by her Mother 30 Octob per order the Streets
Stage ~ o & h man lives on Jeflkys Hillw Taken by Patrick ~ r m n a n ~ ' caleton
Comr Smith Taken by Robt colemanP2 25 Octobr 1 848
Readmited from W H Sewels School Master
father & mother died in Boston
1
died 19th July 1849
per order Comr Chubb 3 1 Juiy 1849 Taken by Wm srnith% Engineer of Ferry Boat
1 5 ~ Novb 1849 Taken by Wm McDonagh for the purpose of
British Merchant
'' Michael Cavanagh. -'a cripple," died in the St. John County Alms and Workhouse on 14 March 1855 (A4 f. 45). '" Robert Coleman (40), an Irish-born painter, was enumerated in the l8S 1 Census of King's Ward, Saint John. .Mso counted in the Coleman residence was, among others, Jane Carvi11 [sic] a fourteen-year-old servant who arrived in New Brunswick, h m ireland, in 1848 (p. 104). 93 David Caldwell (50). who arrived in New Brunswick h m Nova Scotia in 1830, was enumerated in the 185 1 Census of King's Ward, Saint John. Also found in the Caldwell home, was, among others, Am Cunningham, a fourteemyearaid servant, who anived in New Brunswick, from Ireland, in 1 848 (p. 1 24). <)il At the top of Coburg Street, Saint John. " Patrick Brcnnan, shoemaker of Carleton, was marrie& in 1 845, to Miss Catherine McGinnis (Cumulative Family Files, Diocesan Archives, Saint John). % William Smith (32), a Scottish-brn engineer who anived in New Brunswick in 1820, was enumerated in the 185 1 Census of Duke'dQueen's Wards, Saint John (pp. 7 1-72). 97 Mary Donovan (36). a passenger on the British Merchurrf fiom Cork appears on a return of deaths on Partndge Island for the week of 20 to 27th AugW 1847. Michael Donovan (48) - also a passenger on the British Merchant - died in quarantine on the Island during the week of 10 to 17 September. During the week of 24 September to 1 November 1847, Pat (3), Mary (1 ) and Charles Donovan (for whom no age is noted) - also passengers on the Briiish Merchani fiom Cork - died on Partridge Island (N. B. Courier, 28 August, 18 September and 20 Novcmbcr 1847). 98 Michael Donovan died in the Almshouse on 2 January 185 1 (A2 f. 128). 99 Elijah Spragg (42)' a New Brunswick-born fmer/propnetor, was enumerated in the 1851 Census of the Parish of Springfield, Kings County (p. 34). Another Elijah Spragg (35), also a New Brunswick-bom fmedpropnetor, was enumerated in the same parish (p. 68) (see note 2 19).
F & M died on ~ s l a n d ~ ~
Yeoman
sending him to his mother in Rhode Island U S A 6 Octob 1849
Gone to live with Mr A4asW-Ricketson Annapolis Decb 15 per order Comr Smith 1847
Gone to live with Mr Marshal Annapolis Decb 15th per order Comr Smith
Sent to the AIms House 8 Novb 1849'"
M in town F died at home Taken by Elijah Spragg " Bellisle 26 Janv 1848 Der order Com S
Date of Ent 1-
1848 Octob 24 +
Name Refigion Age Place of Nativity Davy Peggy Catholic 9 [Cty Sligo]
Doherty ~atrick'" n 9 Coty D ~ w 1
~ o h e r t ~ " l Michael n 12 Coty Mayo
Doherty John n 10 r t
Drury Michael ll 14 Coty Sligo
Dnrry James n 12 n n
Dniry Anne n 6 II f1
Dealy Hugh n 10 Coty Galway
Dealy Michael n 6 n II
Duntkin James n 18 Mayo
Desmond Mary Il 12 " Cork
Devine Patrick I* 6
Devine John I n 1 4 1 I
n 12 Brot by Comr Smith for Beging on Streets
100 Daniel and Eleanor Doherty of Culdoff [Culdaî'f), County Donegai, together with their children: Patrick (8) and Edward (9 months) appear on a list of passengers of the Portland, leaving Derry for Saint J o b on 4 May 1847 (DP. p. 32). Daniel (46), "Nelly" (251, Patk (8) and Edward Dogherty (2 months), passengers on the Portkund From Derry, wcre admitted to the E m i p t Hospital. from Portland, St. John County, on 16 August 1847 - Daniel and Nelly with fever and dysentry, Patk and Edward destitute. Daniel and Edward died in the Hospital: Daniel on 10 September and Edward on 30 August 1847. Nelly was discharged on 24 October as was Patrick - on 26 October 1847 (Al ff. 87,95 and 102). 101 Mary (40)- Pat (1 5)- Michl (1 2), John (IO), Mary (7) and Biddy Doherty (3, natives of County Mayo and passengers on the Rtrby, were admitted to the Emigrant Hospital at the St. John County Alms and Workhouse, from Saint John. on 15 September 1847 - Mary, with fcver and dysentry, and the children destitute. Richd. Doherty (39) - also a native of County Mayo and a passenger on the Ruby - was admitted to the Hospital, with fever, from Saint John, on 30 September 1847. The elder Mary died in the Hospital on 1 9 September 1847. Michi. and John were discharged on 3 November. Richard, Mary and Biddy Doherty were discharhged together, on 22 November 1847 (Al ff'. 98, 107.1 10 and 1 17 and A3 ff. 6 1 and 74). Patrick (14), Mary (7) and Bridget Dogherty (3, natives of County Mayo and passengers on the Rziby, appear on a "List of Patients at Emigrant Hospital in Saint John" (RS555).
Portland F & M died in Shed
Ruby
I C"shlamac- M in Shed F at home sick
F & M in Hospital
1
Lady Sale F & M Living
John Dewolf
F living
M in N York F dead at home
Betsy LMC Keever
t 1 F & M living on M m h ~ o a d ' "
F dead M Living
- -
Ceneral Remarks Taken by her Father per order Corn Chub
19 M y 1848 Sent to the Aims House 8th Novb 1849"'
died Wednesday 29th Mch 1848
Taken by his Parents 20 March
do " * " 5 June 1848
Taken by his Parents per order
died
Taken by her Parents per order
Taken by his mother per order 14 June 1848
Gone to Boston 13 Apt 1848
Taken by her mother 7 Augst per order Comr Chubb
Sent to the Alms House 8th Novb 1849"'
- -
Taken by her parents per order Comr Smith 30 Octob 1848
'"Thomas Domelly. a "healthy orphan" born in Saint John, was taken b m the Almhouse by Jas. Fowler of Little River on 24 February 185 1 (A2 f. 127). Thomas Donally (5) was enurnerateci, as a servant, in the home of James FowIer (40), a New Brunswick-boni farmer, in the 1 85 1 Census of the Parish of Hampton, Kings County (p. 13) (sec note 67). ' O 3 Patrick Devine (8). a native of County Deny, died in the Almshouse on 30 April 1850 (A2 E 128). 104 John Devine (6), a native of County Derry, died in the Almshouse on 16 Febniary 1850 (A2 f. 100). 'O5 Now Rothesay Avenue (Saint John).
106 Chas Evans (IO), a native of County Cork, spent from 24 Aug to 20 Sept i 848 in the St John County Alms and Workhouse (A3 f. 83). Charles Evans (IO), a native of County Cork and a passenger on the Jno Hmvkim, was a patient in the "~rn i~ran t Hospital in Saint John" from 24 August to 20 Sept 1848 (RS555). 107 Honora (40)- Bridget ( 1 l), Michael (9) and Martin Finnerty (3!4), natives of County Galway and passengers on the Chieficiin, were admitted to the Emigrant Hospital on 13 July 1847 - Honora and Bridget with fever. Bridget died in the Hospital on 16 Aupst Honora died on 17 August. Martin died on 13 September. Michael was discharged and sent to the Ernigrant Orphan Asylum on 25 October 1847 (AI ff. 82 and 91). l O8 Catherine (40), Biddy (20), Margaret ( 15) a d Wm Flaherty (8), natives of County Galway and passengcrs on the Chiefiain, were admitted to the Emigrmt Hospital on 29 October 1847. Wm - who is described as a "destitute orphan" - was discharged from the Hospital on 3 November 1847 (Al fE 123 and 133). 109 Biddy ( 14) and Mary Foley (1 3), natives of County Sligo and passengers on the Lady Suie, were admitted to the St. John County Alms and Workhouse on 25 Septernber 1847 (A3 f. 64). 110 John (33) and Bart Fahey (12), natives of County Clare and passengers on the Berhel, were aOmitted to the Emigrant Hospital, from Saint John, with fever, on 4 November 1847. Bart was dischargeciwon 5 Novernber. John died, in the Infinnary, on 12 November 1847 (AI f. 134). I I I Mary (40)- Mary (IS), Thomas (6) and John Fahey (4), natives of County Galway and passengers on the Sea. wcrc admittcd to the Emigrant Hospital, with fevcr, on 14 October 1847. Thomas was discharged on 4 November. John was discharged on 24 November 1847 (Al ff. 122 and 132).
Piace of Nativity Natives
near Cork
Ga1 way
Cty Sligo
r1
w
Galway
Sligo
Coty Clare
Coty Sligo
n II
" Galway
n Sligo
Date of Entry 1849 Jany 9
1 848 Octob 1 1
1847 Octob 25th
Novb 3
24
Name Daly FIetcher
Daly John
Evans ~harles '~
Feenerty ~ i c h a e l l ' ~
Feeny Mary
Feeny Michael
Feeny Bndgct
Flaherty ~ i l l i a r n " ) ~
Foley ~ a r y l ~
Fahy ~artholemew' "
Foley Peter
FoIey Edwd
ah^' ' ' Thomas
Feeney Mic hael
Religion Pro t
n
Caihoiic
n
n
II
n
n
n
n
n
II
n
n
Age
1 1
1 O
9
14
8
I*
9
13
11
14
12
7
20
Vessel's Name GeoeraI Remarks
Leviathan
Chieftan
1 I
I Chiefian 1 F died on Island M live in Hospital 1 died Tuesday 28 dec b 1 847
F & M dead
EoIus
n
I
Taken by their mother to the Aims HO& April 1849'12
Taken by Mr Church the Carpenter for his
F died at Sea M in Hospital brother in Amherst N.S. 14th Decemb 1848 Taken by Kinsman ~ e a l ~ " ~ ( W i o t N S)
F died at Sea M living
n n
Lady Sale
Bethe1
24th Ap l 1 849 per order Comr Smith Taken by Geo ~ a r v i l l " ~ St John 19th Apt
per order Comr Smith Taken by his mother 6 Novb 1849
per odcr Comr Smith
Lady Sale
n n
Sea
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . -
' " Mrs. Margt Dealey or Bennet (3 2), a Protestant bom in Kings County, New Brunswick, together with her daughter Eliza (1) - a native of the Parish of Studholm, Kings County - was adrnitted to the SL John County Alms and Workhouse on 28 March 1 849. Fletcher (4) and John Wesf ey Dedey (3), natives of Kings County, were adrnitted to the Almshouse, from Saint John, destitute, on 3 May 1849. Mrs. Deaiey and Eliza were discharged on 23 July 1849. Fletcher and John Wesley were "taken out" on 1 September but were readmitîed, with their mother and Eliza, on 7 September. Eliza died in the PLLmshouse on 20 September. John cüed on 8 October. Mrs. Dealey and Fletcher were discharged on 24 October 1849 (A2 ff. 86, 89,96-99). I l 3 Kinsman Neily (53). a Nova Scotia-bom Methodist famier, was enumerated in îhe Dominion of Canada 1 87 1 Ccnsus of MiddIcton Corners, Annapolis County, Nova Scotia (div 2. p. 25). '" George Carvill(30). an Irish-bom merchant who anived in New Brunswick in 1840, was enumerated in the 185 1 Census of King's Ward, Saint John (p. 100). 115 William Perry (69). a New Brunswick-born Baptist f w e r , was enumerated in the 1861 Census of the Parish of Hampstead, Queens County (p. 23). ' l6 Edward (41). William (1 O), Henry (7) and Mary Foley (6), passagers on the Lu* Sale from Sligo. died in quarantine on Partridge Island during the period from 24 September to I November 1847 (N. B. Courier, 20 November 1847). I l 7 Michael Feeney does not appear to have been readmitted to the Aimshouse (Al and A2).
F & M died at home
M at home F in Hospital
Lady Sale
Gone to Live with Wm ~ e r r y ' l s Harnpstead near Gagetown 6 Novb Cornssr Sm
died 13 Apl 1 848
F d i d on M Iivg Hospital
19 n n
F in Boston M in Hospital
Taken by his Mother 10 May per order Comr Smith
Died Wednesday evening I Decb about 6 oClock
Taken by his mother 10 May per order
F & M dead Sent back to the Alms House 23 Mch 1848' "
. Date of Entry
movb 241
Decb 28
29
1848 Janry 4
Name Fahey ~ o h n "' Frances WilIiam
Frances Michael
1
Flmagan T ~ O S ' l9
Flanagan ~ndrew'"
Flaherty
Flanagan ~atrick"'
' I y Thomas. son of James and Ann (McGrath) Flanagan was bom in Saint John on 22 November 1 84 1 and baptized in St. Malachi's Chapel the same day (Cumulative Family Files, Diocesan Archives, Saint John). ''O Andrew, son of James and Ann (McGrath) Flanagan, was baptized in St. Malachi's Chapel. Saint John, on 10 September 1843, aged fifieen days (Cumulative Farnily Files, Diocesan Archives. Saint John). '" Widow Mary (49, Dominick (22), Kitty (SO), Matthew (1 5) and Paddy FIanagan (12) natives of County SIigo transported to Saint John by Lord Palmerston , on the ÆOIUF. were admitted to the Emigrant Hospital on 29 November 1847 (Al ff. 126, 135 and 138 and A2 ff. 7'22 and 35). '" Mic ( 12) and Bart Foiey (12) "destitute orphans" transported to Saint John by Sir Robert Gore Booth, on the Lady Sale, were admitted to the Emigrant Hospital on 4 November 1847. Mic died in the Hospital on 26 Decernber 1 847 (A 1 f. 134 and A2 f. 34). "' Pat ( 1 I ) , Michael (9) and Biddy Gara (3, natives of County Sligo and passengen on the Hunah [sic], were admi tted to the Emigrant Hospital on 2 1 October 1 847 (A 1 f. 132).
Religion [Catholic]
n
n
Foley ~artholemew '" I
L Gara
n
n
n
Catholic
Catholic 1847 0c t 25
Age 4
8
4
~ a r ~ ' " Patrick
Gary Michael
Gary Bridget
Gary John
Gallagher Biddy
Gallagher Kit ty
Gillin Cathrine
GiIlin John
Place of Nativity
12
19 n n
11
an infant left by the Father about 1 month ago
Coty SIigo
1 O
Sligo
n
11
n
n
n
11
n
9
7
5
1 !4
1 !4
14
12
II
Il
11
D ~ v
11
Coty Sligo
Il
Veirsel's Name
Taken by the mother 29 decb per order Comr Smith
Taken by his Uncle (not emigant children)
Generd Remarks Taken by his mother 10 May 1 848
L
Run away 29th decb
- died 28 decb
Taken by Aunt 9th Novb 1849
died 28 decb 1847
Eolus
Lady Sale
Hannah
Il
Il
F dcad M in Hospital
F & M died at Home
F & M died on Island
Il
Sir C Napier
124 Stephen Burpe (30), a New Brunswick-born farmerlpmprietor, was enumerated in the 1851 Census of the Parish of SheffieId, Sunbury County. Also counted in the Burpe residence was, among others, Patrick
Taken by Wm Burpe for his Brother Stephen ~ u r ~ e jr'" - Sheffield
per order Comr Smith 4th July 1849 Taken by Calvin L ~ a t h e w a ~ " Mauprville
per order Comr Smith 9 Jany/49 Sent to the Alms House 8 Novb 1 849Iz6
Il I V
Il II
Lady Sale
It
?
Flannagan, a thirteen year old Gsh-bom servant (p. 2). Banholornew Foley ( 1 3). an irish-bom servant who arrived in New Brunswick in June 1847. was
enurnerated in the home of Mrs. Martha J. Dow in the 185 1 Census of the Parish of Maugerville, Sunbury County. Calvin Hatheway (M), a New Brunswick-born farmer/pmprietor, was Mm- DOW'S next-door neighbour (p. 13). l x Patrick Gam who is descibed in the Almshouse records as w'lame," was taken out by *%Ir. Breen. Tailor. near Golden Ball" - corner of Union and Sydney Streets, Saint John - on 19 June 185 1 (A2 f. 147). Iz7 Bndget Gara, who is described in the Almshouse records as destitute and suffenng 6.om srofula (tuberculosis of the lymph glands). was discharged on 8 May 1856 (A4 f. 6 1). "* Taken h m the Almshow by Thos. Maynard Annapolis, Nova Scotia, on 9 November 1850 (Aî f. 128). Iz9 William C. Smith (54). a New Brunswick-bom merchant, was enurnerated in the 185 1 Census of King's Ward, Saint John (p. 140). "O James McLaughlin (61), an English-bom Church of England f m e r , and Sarah McLaughlin (60), b s Nova Scotia-born, Church of England, wife, were enumerated in the i 861 Census of the Parish of Kingsclear. York County (p. 14) (see note 165)-
Taken by Harding Seacord of the Valley 6 Novb 1849 per order Comr Smith
Sent to the Alms House 8 Novb 1849'"
Il Il
M died at Sea F in St John
do do do 8 Novb 1849""
taken by their Aunt
M died at home F at Sea
n
taken by W C srnith"' Grocer 17 Novb per order W O S Crnr
Takcn by iMrs Jas McLaghlan Esq Kings Clear near Fredericton per order Comr Smith
Novb 19 I
Febry 8 I
I May 17
Name Gillin Patrick
Gillen Ellen n 19 n n
GiIlen Bridget n 20 n 19
Ga1 lagher Dan1 n 7 n n
GilIin Michael
Gallagher John n 4 n
GilIin Catherine n 12 n Il
G o d y Mary n 6
Religion [Catholic]
n
Garvan Nancy
Age 1 O
Golmly John n 4
ill lin'^' Ellen I l 13 Coty Sligo
Gillin Bridget
Piare of Naîivity [Coty Sligo]
8
Gillin Anne
Gillin Ellen
Gillin Jane
n
Coty Sligo
II
n
1 O
19
II
131 James (40), Bridget (40), Ellen (IO), Ann (8) and Jane GilIin (6), natives of County Sligo transportcd to Saint John on the Xofus by Lord Palmerston, were admitted to the Emigrant Hospital on 29 November 1847. James was discharged on 1 1 December 1847. EIlen, A m and Jane were discharged on 4 January 1848 (Al ff. 125.130 and 135 and A2 ff. 7 and 35).
Coty Sligo
Readmitted
n
20 Readmitted
7 Coty Sligo
[Lady Sale) 1 [M died at home F at Sea ] 1 Taken by Alpheus ~alrner"' Dorchester 9th Julv/49 ber order W.O.S.
n w Sent to the Alms House 8 Novb 1 8 4 9 ' ~ ~ 1
Yeoman M dead F living in Ireland Taken by M n Adino paddock'" Ihmpwn Kingston K C 8 Decb 1 847
F & M died in Ireland 'EolLls w
To Wm ~ o ~ l e s ' ~ 4 Feby 1848 1 O/mo ~ctwned XoIus F & M living in St John Taken by his Father 8th July 1848
Der order Comr Smith
do " do do do " do " do Eliza Little at M dead F Living Gone to live with Jarvis Barnes Carleton
Miramichi per order Corn S 27 Decb 1847 M living F died in Boston Taken by her rnother 14 March
Der order Comr Smith - - - - - - -
do do do " do " " Zolus F dead M in Hospital Taken by Archibald ~ c ~ a r l a n e " ~
English Settlement K Coty Parish Studholm 24 Febry 1848
n n n n Taken by Mn John ~allivan"* 30 June per order Comr Smith
Lefi25 Apl went to ~arleton"'
rEolus F & M dead Gone to M n John R ~artelow'" 27 Apl 1848 I I
Gone to Wm ~ o ~ l e s ' " 28 Apl
Xolus F dead M in Hospital 1 Taken by her Mother per order Comr Smith 8th Mav 1 849
132 See note 69. "' Michael Gillen waç taken kom the Almshouse by his sister on 2 1 November 1849 (A2 t 100). 134 See notes 60 and 73. 135 John McCroskery (32), a Scottish-born grocer who arrived in New Brunswick in 1819, was enumerated in the 185 1 Census of Duke'sIQueen's Wards, Saint John @- 45). 13' See notes 88 and 14 1. 13' Alexander McFarland (27), an Irish-bom farmedproprietor who arrived in New B m w i c k in 1825, was enumerated in the Parish of Studholm. Kings County, in 185 1 (p. 3 1).
John Gailivan (42). an Irish-barn surveyor who arrived in New Brunswick in 1827. was enumerated with his Irish-bom wifc Ann (45). who arrived in New Brunswick in 18 18, in the 185 1 Census of King's Ward, Saint John (p. 238). '39 (Saint John West) l u ) in 1847-48, John Richard Partelow was both a memkr of the Legislative AssembIy of New Brunswick and Mayor of Saint John (DCB, Vol U(, p. 622). '" See notes 88 and 136.
Date of Entry 1849 June 7
Novb 4 t--
Name G r i f i ~arriott ' '~
Griffin Hannah
Religion Methodist
1 1 1
n
W e y ~ r ~ a n ' ~ '
Hart A m
Age 9
14
Catholic 1 13 1 Coty Sligo
Hart Mary
Place of NatMty 1
n
Heaiy Dominick
Heaiy Edwd
n
Harkin Bridget
Harkin Anna
5
n
n
Harkin ~Margarett
Clwley pallu
Hoy John I cathO'ic 1 8 1 " Galway
do do
IO
Hamilton Jane
Hamilton George
do do
14
12
do do
do do
n
n
n
n
do do
do do
15
I l
5
3
Hoy !Martin
Healy Thomas I n I 3 l t II
7
13
" Tyronç
II do
t Ioy Mary
Hcaiy John
Heaiy Michael
IJ' I Iannah (1 3) - a native of Annapolis, Nova Scotia - Mary Eliza (1 1) and Hamiet Griffin (8) - natives of Saint John - were adrnitted to the Almshouse on 7 December 1847. Mrs. Mary E. GriEn (34), a Protestant boni in Bandon, County Cork, was admitted to the Alrnshouse, destitute, on 3 March 1848 but was discharged on 2 1 March. Hannah and Mary were discharged on 23 March. On 17 December 1848, Henry Griffin (2) was admitted to the Alrnshouse where he subsequentiy died on 20 March 1849 (A2 ff. 27.37.53 and 66). 143 Cath. (52) and Bnan Haley (141, passengers on the Lady Sale h m Sligo, arrived in Saint John on 17 September 1847 and were admitted to the AImshouse on 24 September 1847 (A3 ff. 63 and 75). 144 Mary (34). Mary (13). Pat (IO) and Biddy Hurley (IO), natives of County Galway and passengers on the Midas, were admitted to the Etnigant Hospital, fiom Saint John, destitute, on 3 November 1847. Fat was discharged on 5 Noversber. Biddy was discharged on 24 November 1847. The younger Mary was discharged on 29 February 1 848 (A 1 ff. 124 and 133 and A2 ff. 19 and 34) (see note 153).
do do
" Galway
n
r i
n
n
6 n VI
4
7
5
n I I
" Sligo
Il 11
Vessel's Name General Remarks -
Native (Mother in Lunatic Asylum) Taken by Geo Perry ~ i l k i s h " ~
I 1
Lady Sale l M died in Hospital F in Ship 1 died This moming 12 Novb about 7 oClock
Æolus
I
II n do - "- do 1 Taken by Patrick ~rennan'" Golden Gmve 1 Lady Sale
F in Boston M hem
1 1 Parish Gwich K. C per order 14 Mch /48 1
Taken by her Mother IO Decb 1847
F dead M in Hospital
II n
n n
Il
" I n II n 1 Taken by Michel Hardy Esq Grand Falis 1
died Saturday 25 March 1848
F in Shed M in Hospital
w n n
19th AuN48 per order ~ e f l d c e n by Mrs Chas ~artelow'~'
Lower Cove per order Comr S 5th June/48 Taken by Mr Caleb ~ e m t t ' ~ ' Bellisle Bay M
Midas
Fanny
do
F died at Sea M living in Hospital Gagetown per order Comr Smith
Taken by her Mother per order Comr Smith 14 JuIy /48
died 2ûth Apl 1848
Yeoman
ir
1 7th J& 1 848 per ~ i s h o ~ - ~ o l l a r d ' " taken by Geo ~cribner"' 19 Novb to
91
rEolus
- - - - - - - -
'" Parish of Westfield, Kings County, New Brunswick. 146 See note 63.
Patrick Breman, son of Martin Brennan, bom County Sligo c 18 16, was brought to New Brunswick by his parents in 1824 and settled at Golden Grove (Cumulative Family Files, Diocesan Archives, Saint John). '"'~harles Partelow (28). a New Brunswick-bom boatbuilder, was enumerated in the 185 1 Census of Sydney Ward, Lower Cove, Saint John (p. 278). ' j 9 ~ d e b Memtt (39), a New Brunswick-bom h e r , was enurneraiai in the 185 1 Census of the Parish of Greenwich, Kings County (p. 33). ''O Rt. Rev. William Dollard, Catholic Bishop of New Brunswick, 1842- 1 85 1. 15' "d. Boston, Thursday 3ûth ult. [Septembcr 18801, Phoebe Dingee d/o late Robert Dingee of Gagetown (Queens Co.) and w/o George Scri bner, a resident of (StJo hn) city for many years" (Daily Telepuph, 2 October 1880). "d. Somerville, Mas., 21st inst., George Scribner, age 62" (Daily News, 27 June 1882) (see note 62 ).
F & M Living
11
11
Il
Taken by their Mother 24th May 1848 per vb order
do do do
Il
F died on Island M living
do do do
Taken by his Mother 24 May 1848
11 n
H 91
died Sunday 6 Febry 1 848
died Tuesday 21 March 148
Date of Entry [I 847 Novb 201
Harrison Mary
Name Harrity EIIen
24
n
II
Retigion 1 Age [Cathol ic j i 20
rn
B & S X Il
Place! of Nativitv [County SligoJ
16 1
Il James
Decb 6
n do
14 Harkin MW
Hwley ~r id~et ' ' '
Haley catherinelSJ
Decb 8
Jany 4 1848
10
"' Mich ( 1 O) and James I Iarkins (7), natives of County Sligo transported to Saint John by Lord Palmerston on the Lady Sale, were adrni tted to the Emigrant Hospital on 3 November 1 847 when they were described as "destitute orphans." They were discharged fiom the Hospital on 24 November 1847 (A 1 f. 136). 153 Sister of Pat HurIey admitted on 5 November 1847. IY Honor (JO) and Kitty Healey (16). natives of County Sligo transported to Saint John by Sir Robert Gore Booth on the Lady Sale, were admitted to the Emigant Hospital on 3 Novernber 1847. Kitty was discharged on 24 November 1847 (A 1 F. 124). Is5Ned (12) and Bridget Healy (6K), natives of County Sligo transported to Saint h h n on the Lady Solr by Sir Robert Gore Booth were admitted to the Emigrant Hospitai on 4 November 1847. Ned was dischargcd the same day. Bridget was discharged on 24 November 1847 ( A l f. 134). '" Bridget ( 3 3 , Martin (1 S), Mary (1 1) and Ellen Hartt (S), natives of County Sligo and passengen on the cEnlz~r, were counted among the inmatcs of the St. John County Aims and Workhouse on 10 March 1848. They were discharged on 10 Apni 1848 (A3 ff. 78 and 95). 157 Hanna Hussey (1 8), a native of County Cork and a passager on the Mary, was admitted to the St. John County Alms and Workhouse, with fever, on 2 September 1847. She was discharged on 23 September 1547 (A3 f. 59).
n do n
n
Haley John
Hart ~ a r t i n l ' ~
Febry 4
May 22
rn
II
Hussey ~ a n n a h ' ~ ~
Haley Mary
Hamigan John
5
n
n
Harkin Bndget
Highland Mary
Highland Thomas
II do
12
14
tl
n
Il
Coty Galway
Coty Sligo
12
14
Readmi ted
Catho
n
w Il
n n
20
13
12
Cork
Coty Sligo
n II
13
3
Coty Galway
II Il
I I I Janry 20 1848 per Corn S
Vessel's Name do
do
I ( F in Boston M in Hospitai I died Sunday 16 decb 1 848
I n n I II n H 1 Taken by his Father 1 3 Novb 1848
M dead F living at home
F dead M in Shed
General Remarks gone to live wi- Isg keaè
Sam1 ~ i x e n ' ~ 3rd May @ 7/616' gone to live w i h Asa ~ i c e ' ~ ~ Carleton
n n
LMidas
Lady Sale
IV 11
I Mary 1 F & M died at home l Sent her away 8 June
II n " died
n n
rEolus
per order Comr Smith died about 2 mos from the 14 March
F in Ircland M in ~ o s ~ i t a l ' ~ '
F dead M in Hospital
Il IV 11
Taken by Silas L. ~arv in ' " up the Reach per order 9 Mch /48.
Taken by Mrs las ~ c ~ a u g h l a n ' " S g s Clear near Fredericton per order Comr Smith 23 July
died 13 Apl 1848
M in Hospital died F t h h + k m
F & M living
I
rEotus
rEolus
lS8 William Greenslade (55). an English-bom farmer/proprietor who arrived in New Brunswick in 1823, was enumerated in the 185 1 Census of the Parish of Springfield, Kings County (p. 8). '" Eight shillings for fmt half month, ten shillings for remahder. '* Samuel Dixon (28). an English-bom rigger who arrived in New Brunswick in 1846. was enumerated in the 185 1 Census of Duke'dQueen's Wards, Saint John (p. 105). 16' Seven shillings, six pence [per rnonth ?]. I6'"d. Thursday [ l May 18561, Carteton (St John) Asa Nice, age 36, lefi three orphan children. Funeral Sunday 2 o'clock from his residence, Prince St." (N. B. Courier, 3 May 1856). t63 See note 144. 1 a Silas Marvcn (6 1 ), a New Brunswick-boni farmcdproprietor, was enumerated in the Parish of Springfield, Kings County, in 185 1. Also counted in the Marven residence was, among others, Bridget Hurley, a thirteen year old servant who arrived in New Brunswick, fiom Ireland, in 1848 [sic] (p. 6). 162 See note 130. 1 66 See note 50.
lkk Sent to his Father in Bangor by Corn Smith 27 July /49
Taken by his mother 10 Decb 1847
Redwing
F dead M in Hospital
F & M living
Taken by her Mother 20th March 1848 per order Comr Smith
out the same day per order Comr Smith
F & M living
Taken by Chas ~ e a t r n a n ' ~ Long Reach 1 6 Feby 1 848
Taken by her Mother 23 May 1 848
Date of Entry [May 28 18481
' Octob 25 1847
167 And (13) and E Ionora [Anna ?] Jackson (9), natives of County Gaiway and passengers on the Bethel, were admitted to the Emigrant Hospital, fiom Saint John, with fever, on 6 October 1847. They were discharged on 25 October 1847 (A 1 f. 13 1). '" Bridget (7) and Sally Jenkins (5)- natives of County Galway and passengers on the Midus. were
Name Highland Catherine
Novb 10 1847
30
Decb 9
adrnitted to the Almshouse on 13 July 1847. Michel( 19) and Thomas Jenkins (15)- aiso natives of County Galway and passengers on the Midas, were admitted on 2 September 1847. Bridget and Sally were discharged on 15 September. Michael and Thomas were discharged the following day (A3 ff. 61 and 74). NI four were admitted to the Emigrant Hospital, with fever, on 15 September 1847 (Al ff. 99, 1 O8 and 131). 169 Pcter (45), Mrs. Anne (43, Pat (IO), Mary (7). James (6), Pcter (3) and Biddy Jordan (10 months), natives of County Mayo and passengers on the Nancy [fI'arrington] fiom Killala, County Mayo, arrived in Saint John on 9 June and werc admitted to the Emigrant Hospital at the SI. John County Alms and Workhouse, on 1 September 1847. Mrs. Jordan died in the Hospital on 19 September 1847. Biddy died the following day. Peter Jordan Sr. - who had k e n admitted, From Portland, St. John County, with fever and dysentry - died in the Hospital on 24 Decernber 1847 (Al ff. 97, 105 and 1 15 and A3 ff. 59,70 and 71).
Highland Mqarett
Highland Bridget
Jackson ~ n n a ' ~ '
Jackson Andrew
Jenkins ~ r i d ~ e t ' "
Jenkins Serah
Jordan 16' Patrick
Jordan Mary
Jordan James
Jordan Peter
Kilmartin SalIy
Kelly Owen
Kelly Mathew
Kilgallan Peter
Kivlaghan MichaeI
Place of Nativity [Coty Galway]
Religion [CatholicJ
n
n
Catholic
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
Age II
n
Catholic
n
n
n
9
7
8
12
9
5
1 O
8
6
4
II n
n n
Cty Galway
I l
II
II
Killala
I I
II
$9
7
4%
9
8
Coty Gaiway
It
" SIigo
" Sligo
Vessel's Name [Redwing J
Bethe1
[F & M living]
1 F & M died on ~sland'~' died to day Thursday I 1 Novb
Il
- -
Comr Smith do do do " do " - do -
GeneraI Remarks [Taken by her Mother 23 May 1848)
10 minets to 1 1 oClock gone to Live at John Travisses 17' Indian Town
Midas
I 1
h m Alms House 1 to assist in washing & scrubing 1 Sent away (hkd Girl) Sent her away
F dead M Living 1 Novb 1847 -
Taken by their Mother 20 Apl per order
Taken by George A Mahood Parish Peters Ville Queens County 24 Feby 148
died to day Thursday 1 1 Novb about haif past 1 1 oClock
died this day Tuesday 7 Decb about 5 oCtock PM
sent to the Alms House 8 Novb 1849'"
Nancy Harrington
n
n
n
17' Sarah Jackson (53). a passenger on the Bethel, died in quarantine on Pamidge Island during the week of 17 Septernber - 25 September 1847 (N. B. Courier, 25 September 184T). Michael Jackson (53)- a passenger on the Bethel, died in qliiirantine on Partridge Island d u k g the pied fiom 24 September to 1 November 1847 (N. B. Courier. 20 November 1847). "' John Travis. eldesi son of B m e s Travis. died at indian Town (Parish of Portland, St. John County) in October 1861, age 45 (N. B. Courier, 2 Novembcr 1861). 17', Peter Jordan was taken fiom the Almshouse by Mr. Merritt of Greenwich, Kings County, on 19 December 1850. He died at Merritt's residence on 18 April 1853 (A4 p. 128). 173 James Secord (55). a New Brunswick- born farmerlproprietor, was enanerated in the 1 85 i Census of the Parish of Studhoim, Kings County (p. 26). 17' Mary Kilgallan (50), a native oFSIigo tranqorted to Saint John on the Æolus by Lord Paimenton- was adrnitted to the Almshouse, destitute, on 7 December 1847 (A2 f. 24). '" Vinegar Hill, now Richmond Street, Saint John.
M dead F in Hospital
11 11 n
II 11 n
11 11 11
Lady Sale
I t ff
tEolus
Lady Sale
F Living M dead
I l 11
{
F dcad M in ~ l r n s h o u s c ' ~ ~
F dead M living Vg ~ i l l ' "
Taken by Jas Seacord '" Studholm K.C. 15 Apl 1848 per order Comr Smith died this day Sunday 6 oClock PM
Decb 12 1847 Takcn by his Fathcr 22nd May
per order Corn Smith Taken by his Mother 3 1 Jany 1848
Date of Entry [Decb 20 1 847
Jany41848
1 0
Febry 8
Mch 6
Name Kelly Thomas
Kilrnartin"bPeter
Kilrnartin Anne
Kennedy James
Keatin Fanny
" ~llen"'
" Kate
" William
May 17
176 Biddy (1 3), Peter ( 1 1 ), Ann (8) and James Kilmartin, natives of County Sligo transported to Saint John on the .Xolus by Lord Palmerston, were adrnitted to the Ernigrant Hospital on 13 November 1847. Biddy (40) and Mic Kiimartin (l8), also sent out tkom Sligo, by Lord Palmerston, on the Xolus were admitted on 1 6 November 1 847. James died in the Hospital on 7 December 1847 (A 1 ff. 125. 134 and 137). l n Ellen (1 1) and Catherine Keating (9), natives of County Waterford and passengers on the Cafedoniu from Cork, arrived in Saint John on 13 July 1847 and spent h m 20 July to 1 1 A- 1847 in the St. John County Alrns and Workhouse (A3 f. 50). 178 Betty Kilmartin (IO), a native of County Sligo and a passenger on the Kolus, anived in Saint John on 9 June 1847, and spent h m 1 May to 17 May 1848 in the Emigrant Hospital (RS555). 17Y Biddy (121, Catc (9)- .Mary (6) and Michl Mitchell (4), natives of County Galway and passengers on the Ambassadress fiom Liverpool - which arrived in Saint John on 13 July 1847 - were admitted to the Emigrant Hospital at the St. John County Alms and Workhouse on 4 September 1847, when they were described as -'destitute orphans" (A 1 tT. 97 and A3 ff. 59 and 7 1).
Kea1 y Jererniah
Novb161847
29
Jany 1 8 1 849
Octob 25 1847
Religion [Cathol ic]
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
Kilmartin ~et&y"*
Catho
LaneJohn X
Lawless John
Lane John X Mitchel "' ~ r i d ~ e t
Age 5
1 1
8
11
15
13
9
IV
n
Place of Nativity Coty Galway
Coty Sligo
n n
n n
Cork
n
lt
I(
12
Prot
Catholic
Readmitted
Catholic
Coty Keny
8 " Sligo
8
12
13
Cork
Coty Galway
Gaiway
Vessel's Name tEo1us
tEolus
n
Ruby
Caledonia
Il
i n I n II n 1 Taken by Henry A ~cov i l 18'
F & M dead
M in Hospital F in States
II I( 11
11
Genersl Remarks sent to Alms House 8 Novb 18491m
do do 8th 18' II 11
do do - 8th I*
F & M dead
M living in Town F dead
11 11 #*
Taken by Ezra ~nindage"~ 2 Feby 1848 Parish Gwich K Coty
went to Service 5th June 1849 to Mrs William ~ o o d ' ~ ~
died Thursday 23 March 1848
11 ID n
Colcen
died 2 1 June 1848 died 2 1 June 1848
tEolus
F & M dead
A beona
Springfield Kinp County Taken by John ~ o o ~ e r ' ~ ~ 4th May per order
F & M in Hospital
C us hiamac hree
Ig0 Taken h m the Almshouse by Mrs. McLeod, Long Reach on 22 August 1850 (A2 C. 128). In I **Deserted 10 November I 849" (A2 f. 100). Ig1Taken fiom the Almshouse by her mother, 29 November 1849 (A2 f. 100). IK3 Ezra Bnindage (35). a New Brunswick-boni f m e r , was enurnerated in the 185 1 Census of the Parish of Greenwich, Kings County. Also counted in the Brundage residence was, among others, James Kennedy, a fourteen-year-old apprentice whose birthplace is mistakenly given as New Brunswick @. 23). l a William Wood (39), "Revenue Offker," and Harriet (30), his wife - both natives of New Brunswick - were enumerated in Duke'dQueen's Wards, Saint John, in the Census of 185 1(p. 87). Mrs. Wood was a sister of orphanage matron. Annie ('rownsend) Cunningham. '" Henry Scovil(67). a New Brunswick-born her/proprietor , was enumerated in the 185 1 Census of the Parish of Springfield, King County (p. 60) (see note 221). IB6 ~ o h n Hooper (55) , an English-bom "gentleman" who arrived in New Brunswick in 1819, was enurnerated in Duke's/Queen's Wards, Saint John, in the Census of 185 1 (p. 6 1). '"Daniel Somervil [sic] (34), a Scottish-bom fmer/proprietor who anived in New Brunswick in 1816, was enumerated in the Parish of Norton, Kings County, in 185 1 (p. 6).
Joseph Clarke (65). a Nova Scotia-bom Church of England f m e r , was enumerated in Beileisle, Annapolis County in the Dominion of Canada 1871 Census (p. 20) (see note 202). IB9 Ohio?
H Chubb Esq 8 Apl Taken by her Parents 24th July pcr order
F & M dead Comr Smith
Readmitted below
X F & M dead
Bridgetown N.S per order Taken by Mrs Widow Partelow 6 June 1849
per order Comr Smith delivered to John Burns 3 Novb to proceed to Boston thence to ant ton ville'^^ to their Uncle
1
Im;l,c. Taken by Daniel ~ummerville'" Parish Norton KC
per order 15 Juiy 1 848 Taken by Jos clark1" 15 decb 3 miles fiom
Sailrd from Liverpool
F & M dead X
Father died at Sea Mother town
1 w John (36), Edward (12), John (8), Maria (6) and Brine O'Mara (2), natives of County Tipperary and passengers on the Kingsron, were admi tted to the Emigrant Hospital on 1 3 August 1 847. "Brine'? died in Lhe Hospital on 13 September. Edward was discharged on 29 September and *'taken away by Capt. Henderson, Bellisle Co. Kings by Consent of Father." John and Maria were discharged on 28 October 1847. Bndget O'Mara ( 13) a Tipperary-born passenger on the Kingston was among the inmates of the ALmshouse on 20 March 1848. She was discharged on 22 ApriI 1848 (Al ff. 94 and 101 and A3 ff. 38,39,55 and 90). 191 Mary Malvoy (1 O), a native of County GaIway and a passenger on the Bethel, was admitted to the Emigmt Hospital. fiom Saint John, with fever, on 6 October 1 847. She was discharged on 25 October 1847(AI f. 131). '" Mrs Mary (34) and Jeny Murphy (3). natives of County Cork and passengers on the Ocem, were admitted to the Emigrant Hospital, fiom Saint John, destitute, on 27 August 1847. Mrs. Murphy was discharged on 7 October 1847. Jerry was discfiarged on 28 October 1847 (A 1 ff. 97 and 1 15). 193 Eliza Mealy (9). a native of County Galway and a passenger on the Chiefiain, who amived in Saint John on 3 August 1846, çpent from 15 k l y to 28 October 1847 in the Emigrant Hospital (Al f. 91). I 4 j Mary (34), Mary (8), Patrick (6). Francis (4) and Ellen Morrow (1 X), natives of County Sligo transported to Saint John on the Yeoman by Sir Robert Gore Booth, were admitted to the Ernigrant Hospital, fiom Saint John, destitute, on 2 1 October 1847. Mary, Patrick and Francis were dischargecf on 24 November 1847 (Al ff. 123 and 133).
Date of Entry [Oct 25 1847
Readmitted 29th June 1849 X
or Meiia
Novb 5
13
20
Age 1 O
5
3
40
9
7
9
7 -
9
7
2
12
17
24 ~ o w r a ~ ' ~ Mary n
Name Mitchell Cathrine
Mary Mitchell
Mitchell 4 b 4 M M Michael Moran Mary
Mara JO hnIw
Mara Mary
Molloy ~ a r ~ " '
Murphy ~ e r e m i a h ' ~
Medy ~ l i z a l ~ '
Monahan Bidy
Monahan Felix
A4mahm Mdligan Peter
Mangin Mary
Place o f Nativity Galway
Il
11
Fermanah
C ~ Y Tipparasr
11
Cty Gaiway
Cty Cork
Galway
Donegd
l*
Coty SIigo
Coty Sligo
Reiigjon [Catholic]
n
n
n
n
n
n
w
n
n
n
Il
I*
n
8 n n
Vessel's Name [Sailed fiom Liverpool]
1t
5 years in Province Kingston
fiom Cork
[Father died at Sea Mother Town]
1t es
Bethe1
Ocean
Chieftan
F a m ~
Il
General Remarks
[del ivered to John Burns 3 Novb to proceed to Boston thence to Cantonville to their UncIe]
Assist Nurse
F in Hospital M died at S e a
Lady Sale
1 1 1 Yeoman 1 F died on Island M livg in Shed 1 died Tuesday 2 1 st Marc h 1 848 1
le ft
Taken by Martin ~mnnanl* Golden Grove 19 Augst 148 per order
do " - do - do - do
F died at Sea M on Island
F died & M live in Boston
F & M living in New York
M here F dont know where
I* P t ll
Eolus
Martin Brennan (64) - an Irish-bom fanner who arrived in New Brunswick in 1824 - was enumerated in the Parish of Hampton, Kings County, in 1851 (p. 28). 1 % William F. Bedell(371, a New Brunswick-born fanner, was enurnerateci in the 185 1 Census of the Parish of Andover, Victoria County @. 8). I V 7 Benjamin Beveridge (39). a Scottish-bom merchant who amived in New B w w i c k in June 1829, was enumerated in the 185 1 Census of the Paish of Andover, Victoria County (p. 5).
to Wm ~edell '" Tobique per order Cornsr Smith 4 Novb 1847
Taken by his Mother 30 Mch per order Corn Smith
to Beny ~everidg? Tobiaue per order Comssr Smith 4 Novb
delivd to the mother per order Mr Chubb 3 Novb
do do do
F dead M Living in Shed Taken by Mr Andrew Marshall Wilmot N.S 26 Novb 1847
F & M died at home Sent to the EIospitaI 17 decb 1847
Date of Entry p o v b 24 1 8471
Mowray FE
30
Name Mowray Pat
n
Mooney ElIen
1 1 1 1
May 17 1 Mulloy ~ o h n " ~ 1 14 1 " Galway l n
Religion [Catholic]
Age 6
blooney Anthony
Jany 2 1
Place of Nativity [Coty Sligo]
4
n
n n
n
Mooney Bridget
Moran John
MuIlin ~ a r y ' ~
12
June 29 1849 X
Octob 25th 1847
I
n *I
n
n
n
Novb 2
14
Mara John
McLaughlin ~ r s ' ~
McNab Thomas
McGraw Margarett
McDaid petePo'
- -
198 John Meloy (13). a native of County Galway and a passenger on the Cushlamachree, arrived in Saint John on 16 Au* 1847 and spent fiom 1 May to 1 7 May 1848 in the Emigrant Hospital (RSS55). 199 John (50), Mrs. Mary (56), Margt. (15), Mary (12) and Ann M d e n (3). natives of County Sligo,
I n n
10
12
12
8
1 O
trartsported to Saint John &y Lord Palmerston, on the Eolus, arriveci in Saint John on 9 June 1 847 and were admitted to the Emigrant Hospital at the St. John County Aims and Workhouse. destitute, on 30 November 1847. Mary was discharged on 17 May 1848. Margt. and AM were discharged on 22 June 1848 (Al ff. f 27, 135 and 138; A2 ff. 7,22 and 36; A3 ff. 93 and 94 and RS555).
Ellen McLaughlin (32). a native of County Down, was admitted to the Alrnshouse, fiom Saint John. destitute. on 15 March 1847. "Went to O. A. [Orphan Asylum] as nurse 25 October 1847" (Al p. 77). 'O' Mich (43). Margt (IO), Peter (8), Mich (6) and Edward McGlade (3), natives of County Louth and residents of Saint John, were admitted to the Emigant 1-Iospital at the St. John County Alms and Workhouse, with fever, on 30 September 1847. Edward died in the Hospital on 20 October as did Michael Jr., on 21 October, and Mxgaret, on 28 October. Michael Sr. and Peter were discharged fiom the Hospital on 28 October 1847 (A1 f. 1 10 and 130).
Coty Sligo
Sligo
Readmitted
Catholic
McGowan Scisily 1 II
do
Catho 1 ic
(1
14
7 McNab Betsey
McGuire Serah
McAnuIty James
32
Cty Sligo
do do Pro testant
5
5
8
Down
(1 Il
Ga1 way
Coty Louth
n
n
12
15
do
Coty Sligo
Vessel's Name Yeoman
1 1 2 May t 848
Eoius
F died on Island M livg in Shed
- -
Ceneral Remarks died Tuesday 2 1 st Marc h 1 848
F dead M Iiving in Town
Yeoman
1 5 Juiy 1848
- w ~ 7 Gone to Mrs ~ a r m e ~ ~ " ~
Cus hlamac hree
F dead M living
died 9 June 1848
taken by her rnother per order 19 June
gone to live with John A ~ o m s o n ~ ~ & Co
F dead M in Hospital
Eolus
l Yeoman ( FdiedinShedMliving l Taken by their Mother 28 Mch 1848
22 Jany 1828 [sic] per order 'faken by his Mother per order Comr Smith
Yeoman
F & M in Almshouse
1 st Nurse
Taken by her Mother 14 Sept per order Comr Smith
Taken by John ~tevens'*' lime bumer Nerepis Road 2nd Octob 1849
F died at Sea M died at home
Linden
'O' See no te 1 88. 'O3 Mrs. Cecilia Ranney (33). a widowed, Engiish-bom boarding home keeper who arrïved in New Brunswick in 1846, was enurnerated in Duke's/Queen's Wards, Saint John, in the Census of 185 1 (p.40). 'w John A. Morrison (3 1 ). an Irish-born merchant who arrived in New B m w i c k in 1 839, was enumerated in King's Ward, Saint John, in the 185 1 Census (p. 2 1 O). 'OS See note 24. 206 Charles Whitney (62), a New Brunswick-bom land surveyor, was enumerated in Duke7s/Queen's Wards, Saint John, in the Census of 185 1 (p. 160) (see notes 235 and 239)- "' Margaret [or Margery] McGraw was taken h m the Aixnshouse by Mr. Blair of Sussex on 23 January 1850 (A2 f. 101). 108 Peter L. Cosman (a), a New Brunswick-born fmedproprietor, was enumerated in the 1861 Census of the Parish of Springfield, Kings County (p. 6). 209 Ze bulon Jones (65), a New Brunswick-born f m e r , was enwnerated in the 1 85 i Census of the Parish of Greenwich, Kings County. Also counted in the Jones residence was, among others, James McNelty [sic] (1 8), a laborer, whose place of birth is incomtly identifid as New Bninswick (p. 14 ).
Taken by C ~ h i t n ? ~ per order Comssr Smith 4 Novb
8 years in St John
Lady Sale
Eolus
F & M dead Sent to the Alms House 8 Novb 1 84@07
F & M dead
F dicd in Hospital M died at home X sisters
F &R4 dead. M living at home
Taken by Peter Gmmii ~ a t l s m a n ' ~ ~ Kingston 3 miles &om the Court House per order
Taken by Mrs Knollin 9 Novb per vb ordcr Comr Smith
Taken by Zebulon one es'^ Parish Greenwich Kings County per ordcr W.O.S.
I Coty Sligo
Date of Entry 1 3 p o v b 1 û47l
30
n
McGivinn or Magivin
32 McGivin or JMagivinn
24
n
Dccb 7
Novb 17
decb 1 8
Coty Sligo
per order J Gallagher
Name McGuire Celia
McGowan Mary
McGiWin James
McAnulty Michael
McAnulty Bridget
McAnuIty Owen
McAnulty MW
McGivinn Biddy
McAnulty B&"
~McGowan Mary
McDonald Barbara
McDonald Thomas
McLfey Bndget 1
McLfey Cathrine 1
McCann Daniel
Margare t
~llen'' l
Bridget
Coty Sligo
'Io ;Mrs. Catherine McNulty (28), a native of County Sligo transported to Saint John on the Lady Sole by Sir Robert Gore Booth, was admitted to the Almshouse, with fever, on 8 November 1847. She was discharged, and -went to Wm O'Neill's," on 17 February 1848 (Al p. 20). Bart McNulty (S), a native of County Sligo transported to Saint John on the Lady Sale, by Sir Robert Gore Booth, was admitted to the E m i p t Hospital on 8 November 1847 when he was described as a "destitute orphan." He was released fiom the Hospital on 24 November 1 847 (A 1 f. 1 34). '' ' Edward McCann (30), a native of County Sligo transported to Saint John on the L o h , by Lord Palmerston, was admitted to the Emigrant Hospitai at the St. John County AIms and Workhouse on 9 Novembcr 1847. Ellen (24)- Ellcn (6) and Pat McCann (4), natives of County Sligo and passengers on the ..Eofu.s were adrnitted to the Hospital on IO November 1847. The eIder Ellen was discharged on 29 Jmuary 1848. Edward McCann died, in the Hospital, on 12 April 1848 (A2 ff. 6,20 and 35 and A3 f. 67).
Religion [Catholic]
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
Il
n
n
n
Twins
11
Il
n
Il
Age 1 O
20
13
14
12
10
7
4
5
7
5
3
-
1 O
8
6
4
Vessel's Name Lady Sale
Æolus
Yeoman
F died in Hospital M dead at home X
F dead M living at home
Eolus
Ceaeral Remarks Taken by Mrs Robt Stevens indian Town
1 5 Feby 1 848 per order - Gone to live with 1 T cheetham212 10 Apl 1848
F died in Hospital M living in Shed
Il
Il
Runaway 26th Novb
F died on Island M living in Shed
Lady Sale
Lady Sale
Taken by his Mother 23 May 1848
II II Il
F died in Hospital M living in Shed
- Readrnitted
do do
Taken by hcr Mother 26 Decb 1847
F dead M living in ALms House
F & M dead
Jiolus
"' Isaac Cheetham. accowfant and Notaiy Public (The Morning News, 13 November 1848).
Taken by his Mother 24 Febry 1848 per order Comr Smith
died Tuesday 2 1 Decb 1847
M living
F & LM Living
lt
Il
deld. to her Mother 1 March 1848 per order Comr Smith
do " do " do (Readmitted) died 17 Mch
died Saturday 35 March 1 848
do
F dead M living
-Taken by their Parents 24 Mch per order Comr Smith
do do do
died Sunday 12 Decb
Takcn by their parents in May
Date of Entry Jany 4 1 848
19
Febry 10
Mch 2
8
.Mch 29
n " John
,I ,* Hugh
Religion [CathoIic]
n
n
n
R&i tted
Cath
n
n
n
n
Name ~c~augh l in" ' James
McLaughiin Cathrin
~c~ullough"' Bernard
McGraw Ellen
McAnuity Bart
~McCarty C a m e
McCarty Margarctt
McNarnara Ellen
1v " Pat
n " Michael
'" Marg (50). Pat (1 5), Marg (14), James ( 12) and Catherine McLaughlin (5). natives of County Sligo uansported to Saint John by Lord Palmerston on the &OZU, were admitted to the Emigrant Hospitai on 29 November 1847. Both Margarets dicd in the Hospital: the elder on 14 December and the younger on
n
n
1
Octob 25 1847
17 December 1847. James and Catherine were discharged on 4 January 1848 (Al ff. 126 and 135; A2 K 7, 22 and 36). "" Dimnock [sic] and Bndget McCullogh of Beragh, County Tyrone, together with th& children: Catherine (1 S), Thomas (IO), Susanna (8), Bernard (6), Ann (4) and Patrick (2), appear on a list of passengers of the Marchioness ofCiydesdale, leaving Deny for Saint John, on 8 March 1847 (DP. p. 5). Dorninick (40), Susan ( l4), Bernard ( 12)- Nancy (8) and Patrick McCullough (4), natives of County Tyrone md passengers on the Marchioness of Chdesdale. were admitted to the Emigrant Hospital, fiorn Portland, St. John County, on 14 June 1847. Thomas McCdlough (1 5) was admitted the following &y. Dominick died, of fever, in the Hospital on 20 July 1847 and his remains were taken to Indiantown, Parish of Portland, for internent in the CathoIic Cemetery there. Susan McCullough died on 17 August. Patnck died on 6 September and Nancy on 28 September 1847. Thomas and Bernard were discharged on 29 October 1847 (Al ff- 68 and 90).
County Femanagh "b Kinsaie, County Cork l7 Mary (10) and /\Me McLaughlan (9) of Moville, Couniy Donegal, appear on a list of passengers of the Sarah, lcaving Deny for Saint John on 14 May 1849 (DP. p.73).
Age 13
7
11
49
10
8
15
12
10
Catholic
n
July 27 1 849
Phce of Nativity [Coty Sligo]
11
Coty Tyrone
6 ~ n n i s k i l ~ e n " ~
~ingsale'"
do
Coty Sligo
11 m
n II
8
5
~c~aughl in ' " Mary
McLaughlin Ann
Nilan Margaret
n w
11 n
12
10
Coty Donegal Glcn Goveny
do
n 7 Coty Galway
1 Vessel's Name 1 1 General Remarks 1
died 17 June 1848 I
[Eolus 1
~t
Marchiones Clydesdaie
Fann~
F living at home M died in Hosp
n n
F8tMdead
F & M dead
L
Highland Am
do do
Xolus
II
Sent for By his Brother proceeded to Boston 18 May per order
Taken by her Brother 4 May to Boston per order W O Smith Esq
Taken out by his Brother 22 Apl per order Cornr Smith
lefi28 Apl 1848
Ir
I l
1 1
Serafi fiom 1 Father & Mother dead 1 Taken to Thos Park to proeed to Boston in 1
M lives in Town F died in ireland
do - do do
F & M died in Hospital
I? w V I
II
1 L D e q 1 1 Steamer Admiral 1
gone to live with Mrs Jas ~asters"" 1 O Apl 1 848
Taken by her Mother 19 May per vbl order of Comr Smith
Taken by Elijah Spragg "9 Bellisle 18 Iuly @ 5/ per moZ0 per order Mr Chubb
Taken by Robt Jones farish Greenwick K-C
Ir II 1*
per order 30 June Taken by Henry A ~covil"' Springfield KC
I Novb 1849 per order Comr Smith died 2nd June 1848
II II
- - - - -
James Masters (60), a New Brunswick-bom blacksmith, was enumerated together with his New Brunswick-born wi fe AM (56), their six children and servant Catherine McCarthy ( II) - who arrived in New Brunswick fi-om Ireland in 1847- in the 185 1 Census of Duke'dQueen's Wards, Saint John (pp. 167 and 1 68). "'Sec note 99.
Five shillings per nionth. See note 185. Taken fÏom the Alrnshuuse on 28 Fe bruary 1 85 1 by James E. Northrop, Ham pstead, Queens Counly
(A2 f. 128). 223 Joseph Crancial l(30), a New Brunswick-bon Member of the Legislative Assem bly, was enumerated in the 185 1 Census of the Parish of Moncton, Westmorland County (p. 29).
Sent to Alrns House 8 novb I849=
do do
C hicftan
do do do
F & M dcad
7 August /49 per order Comr Smith To theü Uncle
Taken by Joseph crandleE' Dorchester per order 14 Mch 1 848
L
2' Two Henry Ogdens were enumerated in the 185 1 Census of the Parish of Sackville, Westmorland County : one. aged ten, as a visitor in the home of "Locy" Wheaton (p. 19); the other, aged fourteen, a
Date of Entry (Octob25 1 8 4 7
Nocher Vbl
May 24 1848
Octo b 25 1 847
Novb 20
n
May 17
May 30 1849
May 1 1 1848
servant living with seventy-two-year-old Widow Wheaton (p. 40). Amelia Ogden (9) was also enumerated in the home of Widow Ogden. Thomas Ogden. also age nine years, was counted, as a visitor, in the home of Hugh Taylor (p. 9). A Benjamin Ogden (40) - probably the father of Eliza, Henry, Thomas and Amelia - was enumerated in the same parish, as a servant in the home of James Oulton (p. 27). " James (60). Tirn ( 1 O) and Sally Purcell (8). natives of Dublin and passengers on the Sir J. McDotmeli, were adrnitted to the Emigrant Hospital, h m Saint John - James with fever and dysentry and Tm and Saily with fever - on 30 A u p t 1847. James died in the Hospital on 6 October 1847 (Al ff. 97 and 105). "' Tom (50). Wm (23). Mary (23, Pat (20), Pat (15) and Mary Pye (1 3), d l natives of County Sligo transported to Saint John on the & o h by Lord Palmerston, were admitted to the Emigrant Hospital at the St. John County Alms and Workhouse on 29 November 1847 (A 1 ff. 127, 135 and 138). Mrs. Ann Qe, a native of County Sligo and a passenger on the Lotus, was adrnitted to the St. John Cowity Alms and Workhouse. desti tute, the same day and was discharged on 7 August 1 848 (A3 f. 90). 27 Natives of New Brunswick.
Age 7
6
Name Naughten Peggy
Naughlin Pat
Ogden Eliza
"
Place of Nativity [Coty Galway]
w n
natives
Bay
Thomas
Amilia
Purcel LU ~ i r n o t h ~
Purce1 SdIy
Pyez6 Thomas
Pye WiIliam
P Y ~ MW
Payton William
Payton John
Payton Thomas
Quim Hewm Mary
Quinn Patrick
Quinn Bridgct
Religion [Catholic]
n
Methodists
*v Il
II 11
Il 11
Catholic
n
n
n
n
Pres bytedan
n
n
CathoIic
n
l1
1 1
9
15
9
1 1
13
I I
9
15
13
11
de Verte
Kings County
n II
Coty Sligo
n Il
II n
~ a t i v e s - ~
Coty Mayo
II
Il
1 Vessel's Name 1 David F de ad^ in Shed
Sir J McDonneIl F died in Hospital M living at home
I Xolw
Father & Mother Living
M in the Shed
I f
Taken by their Father 25th June
M in Hospital F dcad
Redwing + M died at home F living in Boston
General Remarks Taken by Dctctor Livingstone for R sandsm Barrister at Law Granville N S 26 July /49
per order Comr Chubb died 25 ApI 1848
Taken by their Father per order Comr Chubb 1 Au- 1848
Taken by Patrick an^^ Sussex Vale Wards Creek 9th Novb per order Comsr Smith --
died Thursday 30 Mch 1848
Taken by Joseph Richar@ Oak point per or WOS 22 Novb
Taken by his Mother per Comr Smith 8 May 1849
Taken by Mrs John Haggerty of the valle 9" 7 July per order of 29 June
1849 per order Comr Smith
Takcn by Job Petty and forwardcd to ~ortland'~'
pet Steamer Maid of Erin per order Comr Smith 25 S c ~ t 1848 to their Father
" Richard Sands Jr. Esquire (reference in Annapolis County Land Records (1 849), vol. 41, p. 421) 229 Patrick Ryan (52), who arrived in New Brunswick h m [reland in 1825, was enumerated in the Parish of Sussex, Kings County, in 185 1. Also counted in the Ryan residence was, among others, Timothy Perce1 [sic] ( 1 6) who arrived in New Brunswick fmm lceland in 1847 @. 90) (see note 237). "".ioseph Richards (45). a New Brunswick-bom f m e r . was enumerated in the 1851 Ceosus of the Pacish of Greenwich. Kings Cowity (p. 19). 3' In the Parish of Portland, St. John County. 3' Portland, Maine.
Date of Eotry [May 1 1 1 8481
n
May 1 7 1 848
Octob 25 1847
["l Retd 25th Apt 1849
Name Quinn John
Novb 5 1 Scanlan Michael
Quim Michael
Regan JO hn
Sullivan Mary
Smith Margarett
n 1 ' 1 Coty Sligo
I James I n 1 6 1 It
Reügïon [Catholic]
Coty Limerick 29
Edward
Robert
n
Caiho l ic
Catholic
n
Age 9
sheaheF3 Mary
n
I l
Decb 27 Rçadrniaed
II
Place of Nativity [Coty Mayoj
1
9
14
12
Apl 25 1849
- - - - - - - -- -- -
"' James Shehey (45). a native of County Limerick and a passeoger on the Jane , was admitted to the Ernigrant Hospital, with fever. on 7 September 1847. Dischargeci on 22 September 1847, he was
P t
Coty Limerick
Cty Cork
Galway
n
9
8
Sullivan Mary
Sheahy Mary
Nob 1847
Sept 20 1849
readmitted, with his son Edmond (12). on 13 October 1847. James died in the Hospital on 17 October 1847 (A 1 ff.99 and 132). Mary (1 9) and Margaret Shehey ( 14), natives of County Limerick and passengers on the Jane, were adrni tted to the Almshouse on 25 Februaiy 1 848. Mary was discharged on 1 8 April and Margaret on 29 Apnl 1848 (A3 ff 93 and 94). "' Patrick Toeher (1 O), a native of County Sligo transported to Saint John on the Æolur by Sir Robert Gore Booth, was admitted to the Emigrant Hospital, from Saint John, with fever, on 24 September 1847. He was discharged on 25 October 1847 (Al f. 99).
19
II
81
Smith Margaret
Catholic
n
Rcadmiued 25 ApI 1849
~ o h e ? ~ ' Patrick
Walsh Bartholemew
14
12
Caiholic
Catholic
Coty Cork
Coty Limerick
9
15
Cty Sligo
Coty Galway
1 1 [Taken by Job Petty and forwarded to Portland
Vessel's Name [Redwingl [M died at home F living in Boston]
tl
I Taken by his Brother to p r d to ~hgadel~hia to their Father 1 6 Octob /48
General Remarks
The Man of War
II
F in Philadelphia M dead
per order Cornr Smith 25 Sept 1848 to their Father]
Ocean
David
h e
I Jme 1 F dead M Gone to States 1 Taken by her Mother 3 Ianuary 1847 [sic]
F dead at home
I Ocean 1 F died at Home M Livg in Boston
per vebL order Comr Smith to W.C. 235 n~.;hr.r Gone
Mother lives in Boston M dead at home F living at home
F in the County M in Hospital
F dead M Gone to States
Taken by her Mother per order Comr Srniih 30 Mch 1848
235 See notes 206 and 239. "6 Mary Sullivan was discharged fiom the St John County A h and Workhouse on 8 February 1848 (A f. 25). 237 See note 229. "' [ 1848 1 239 See notes 206 and 235. ''O Rev. Thomas W. Robertson, Church of England Rector of the Parish of Lancaster (which included Manawagonish) St. John County, died in New York in March of 1852, age 30 (N. B. Courier, 24 March 1852).
- to Aims HOA 19 ~ e c b " Taken by Patk an^' Sussex Vale Wards
Creek 9 Novb per order Comr Smith Taken by his Father per order 30 Mch
Comr Smith Taken by Their rnother 3 Jany 1847 [sic]""
I - ~Eolus
Barquc Clarence
came back this date
M home F died in this 1 Iouse
Father & Mothcr died at home
Taken by Chas ~ h i m e y ~ 9th May 1849 per order Comr Smith
Taken by his Brother per order Comr Smith 26 Novb procd to Boston
Taken by Rcvd blr ~ o b i n s o n ' ~ Manawagonish 2 Octob 1849 ~ e r order Comr Smith
00 Cr! Cr!
I -aSessed uo qeap .IO ssauyqs ON 1 EZ @ f 1 SO 1 1 h ~ a ~ 1
I
*a%ssed uo ssauyqs ON S m p g
I
SEI
Nancy 1 Killala 1 106 1 June 1 Ocean 1 Baltimore 1 80 1 May 28
Pero 150 1 September 1 O ( To order.
P alfas
Pekin
Princess Royal
Cork
Sligo
Perseverance
Portland
1 (via Limerick Cork) I
204
72
Cork
Loiidonderry
May 22
Name of Vessel
I From quarantine, July 3.
May 22
September 24
123
338
Progress
- - -
-
-
- - -
- -
L
-
-
- - h
-
Whence
S. W iggins & Son.
To order.
1 Londonderry 1
June 24
July 30
June 4
Number of Passengers
From Quarantine, To order.
Rose 1 Cork 1 56 1 J une 1 1.0 order.
Date of Arriva]
Saliy 1 Cork 1 96 1 July 5 1 To order.
Name of Vessel
Royal Mint
Ruby
Seo 1 Liverpool 1 243 , August 27 1 Janies Robertson.
Liverpool
Sligo
Sea Bird 346 1 May 22 1
166
105
-- --
July 18
July 2
-- - - - - - - - - . . . - -- . .. .
John Mackay.
From quarantine.
Seruph 114 Cork (via Boston)
July 6 To order. 120 ernbarked.
Primary Sources
A. Manuscnpt Collections
1. Archives and Library Department, New Bninswick Museum, Saint John, N.B.: a. Emigrant Orphan Asylum CB Doc. b. Moses H. Perley Letters, S 1 55- 1 6. c. St. John City and County Alrns and Workhouse Admittance Ledger, 1 843- 1 850.
2. Archives of the Diocese of Saint John: a. Cumulative Family Files: Brennan, Cunningham, Doherty, Flanagan, Gallagher,
McCullough, McDermott, Roche, Sharkey, Smith, Toole and Watters families. 3. Provincial Archives of New Brunswick:
a. CoIonial Office Records, MC4 16. b. St. John County General Session Minutes, 1848- 1950, RS 156. c. New Brunswick Executive Council Records, RS7. d. A List of "Patients at Emigrant Hospital in Saint John", RS555.
4. Public Archives of Nova Scotia: a. Annapolis County Land Records. b. Dominion of Canada 1 87 1 Census: Annapolis County (Belleisle, Broad Cove,
Clarence and Middleton Corner); Digby County (Digby and Hillburg). 5. Re ference Department, Saint John Regional Library:
a. Saint John City Council Minutes, Volumes XVIII and XIX. b. St. John County Probate Files. c. 1 85 1 New Brunswick Census: Charloite County (Parish of Pemfield); Kings
County (Parishes of Greenwich, Hampton, Kingston, Norton, Springfield, Studholrn and Westfield); Queens County (Parish of Petersville); St. John County (Parishes of Saint John @ukeYs/Queen's, King's and Sydney Wards), Saint Martin's and Simonds); Sunbury County (Parishes of MaugeMIle and Sheffield, Victoria County (Parish of Andover) Westmorland County (Parishes of Dorchester, Moncton and Sackville).
d. 186 1 New Brunswick Census: Queens County (Parishes of Harnpstead and Waterborough); York County (Parish of Kingsclear).
e. Baptismal records of St. Andrew's Presbyterian Church, Saint John. 6. Collection of Graeme and Catherine Somemille, 84 Beach Crescent, Saint John:
a. St. John City and County Alms and Workhouse Infmary Records, 1843 to 1847. b. St. John City and County Alrns and Workhouse Records, 1847 to 1852.
7. Collection of Mrs. Ruth Woods, 4 Creighton Avenue, Saint John: a. Emigrant Orphan Asylum Admittance Ledger, 1 847- 1 849.
B. Newspapers
1. Halifax, N.S., Hulifm Catholic, 26 August 1854. 2. Saint John, N.B., The Colonial Gasette, 15 January 1835,s March 1835. 3. Saint John, N.B., The Daily News, 27 June 1882. 4. Saint John, N.B., nie Duily Telegraph, 2 October 1880; 2 December 1884. 5. Saint John, N.B., The Morning Freeman, 18 December 1866. 6. Saint John, N.B., irhe St. John Monring N w s , 6 December 1847, 13 November
1848; 19 January 1849; 17 December 1866.
7. Saint John, N.B., The New B m m i c k Courier, 8 Novernber 1828; 1 1 September 1830; 4 December 184 1 ; 28 August 1 847; 18 September 1847; 25 September 1 847; 20 November 1847; 2 August 1850; 3 May 1856; 2 August 1856; L 9 September 1857; 2 November 186 1.
8. Saint John, N.B., The Religious Intelligencer, 22 February 186 1 ; 28 June 186 1. 9. Saint John, N.B., The Suint John Globe, 8 A p d 1889. 10. Saint bhn , N.B., The Weekly Chronicle, 1 February 1856.
C. Primary Sources in Published Form:
1. Dessie Baker, ed. Emigrantsfiom Demy Port, 1847-49. Apollo, Pa.: Closson Press, 1985.
2. Daniel F. Johnson, ed. The St. John County Alms und Workhouse Recordr, 1843- 1850. Saint John: Daniel F. Johnson, 1985.
3. Graeme F. Somerville, ed. Some Burial Records of the Loyalist Burial Ground, Saint John, N.B. Saint John: Graeme F. Somerville, 1985,
D. Other: 1 . Prirnary ("Grifith's") Valuation of Ireland, County Mayo Surname Index (Patrick Power Library, Saint Mary's University, Halifax).
2. Acts of the N.B. Provincial Legislahire, 1 1 Victoriae AD. 1848. C.64. 3. O'Brien, Francis G., 25 Orange Street, Saint John. Personal interview. 27 July
1994. 4. Somerville, Graeme and Catherine, 84 Beach Crescent, Saint John. Persona1
interview. 24 August 1994. 5. Woods, Ruth, 4 Creighton Avenue, Saint John. Personal interview. 27 July 1994.
Secondary Sources
A. Books
Acheson, T. William. Saint John: The Making of a Colonial Urban Comrnunity. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1985.
Adams, William Forbes. Ireland and Irish Immigraton to the New Worldr From 1815 to the Famine. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co. Inc., 1 980.
Baker, William. Thothy Warren Anglin: Irish Catholic Canadian, 1822- 1896. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1977.
Buckley, Rev. Michael. Tour of America. Dublin: Sealy, Byers and Walker, 1 886.
Byrne, Cyril, ed. Tulumh an Eisc: Canudian & Irish Essuys. Halifax: Nimbus, 1986.
-9 Margaret Harry, and Pidraig O Siadhail, eds. Celtic Languages und Celtic Peoples. Halifax: D' Arcy McGee Chair of Irish Studies, Saint Mary's University, 1992.
Chipman, John Hale III. A Chipman Genealogy, c i m 1583- 1969. Norwell, Massachusetts: Chipman Histories, 1 970.
Chubb, Henry ed. Chubb 's A f n i a ~ c , 1846. Saint John: Henry Chubb, 184%
Chubb, Henry ed. Chubb 's A l m a ~ c , 1847. Saint John: Henry Chubb, 1846.
Cushing, J. Elizabeth, Teresa Casey, and Monica Robertson. A Chronicie of Irish Immijyation to Saint John, N.B., 1847. Saint John: The New Brunswick Museum, 1979.
Davin, Nicholas Flood. The Irishan in Cumda. London, Toronto: Low, Marston & Maclear, 1877.
Hennesse y, Genevieve, S .C. 1 .C . Honoria Comuqy: Woman ofPromise, Foundress of Sisters of Churity of the Immamlate Conception, Saint John. N.B. Saint John: Sisten of Charity of the Irnmaculate Conception, 1985.
Houston, Cecil. Irish Emigmtion and Camdian Senlement. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1990.
Hynes, Rev. Leo. The Catholic Irish in New Bmmick , 178834900. Fredericton: Leo J. Hynes, 1992.
Lawrence, J. W. Foolprints: Incidents in the Eariy History o f N m Brunswick. Saint John, N.B.: J. & A. McMillan, 1883.
MacLysaghf Edward. The Summes of Ireland. Dublin: Irish Academic Press, 1 99 1.
Maguire, John Francis. The Irish in America. London: London, Longrnans, Green and Co., 1868.
Mannion, John. Irish Settlements in Eaîtern Canada. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1974.
McDevitî, Mary Kilfoil. We Hardly K m Ye: St. Mary S Cemetety, An Enduring Presence, Saint John, Nau Brunswick. Saint John: Irish Canadian Cultural Association, Saint John Branch, 1990.
Mil ler, Kerb y A. Emigrants and Mes: Ireland and the Irish Exodus to North America. New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1985.
Millman, Thomas and Kelley, A.R. Atlantic Canada to 1900: A History of the Anglican Church. Toronto: Anglican Book Centre, 1983.
Murphy, Peter. Together in Exile. Saint John, N.B.: Peter D. Murphy, 1990.
07Driscoll, Robert, ed. The Untold Story: The Irish in Carzc~da. Toronto: Celtic Arts of Canada, 1988.
O Faolain, Sean. The Irish. New York: Hardmonsworth, Penguin, 1969.
Power, Thomas, ed. The Irish in Atlantic Canada, 1780-1900. Fredericton: New Ireland Press, 1 99 1.
Schuyler, George. Saint John: Scenes From a Popdar Hktory. Halifax: Petheric Press, 1984.
Schuy ler, George. Saint John: Two Hundred Yeurs Proud. Burlington, Ontario: W Uidsor Publications Ltd., 1985
See, Scott W. Riots in New Brunswick: Orange Nativism and Social Vioience in the 1840s. Toronto: Unoversity of Toronto Press, 1 993.
Toner, Peter M., ed. New Ireland Rernembered: Historical Essqs on the Irish in New Brumick. Fredericton: New IreIand Press, 1 988.
Woodharn-Smith, Cecil. nte Great Hunger. Ireelrd 1845-49. London: Hamish Hamilton, 1962.
B. Articles
Acheson, T. William, "The Irish Community in Saint John, 18 15- 1850," in New Ireland Remembered: Historical Essays on the Irish in New Brunswick. ed. Peter M. Toner. Fredericton: New IreIand Press, 1988.
Baker, William M., "The Irish Comection," in Acadiemis. Volume MI Spting, 1983.
Parker, George L., "Henry Chubb," in Dictionary of Camdian Biography. Volume VIII. Toronto: University of Toronto Ress, 1 985.
Robertson, Monica, Introduction to The 9 John County Alms and Workhouse Records, 1843-1850. ed. Daniel F. Johnson, Saint John: Daniel F. Johnson, 1985.
See, Scott W., "The Orange Order and Social Violence in Mid-nineteenth Century Saint John," in Acadiensis. Volume XII1 Auturnn, 1 983.
Spray, William A., " 'The Dificulties Came Upon Us Like A Thunderbolt': Immigrants and Fever in New Brunswick in 1 847," in 7'he Irish in Atlantic Canada, i 780- 1900. ed. Thomas P. Power, Fredericton: New Ireland Press, 199 1.
, "Reception of the Irish in New Brunswick," in New IreiondRemembered: Historical Essays on the Irish in New Brunswick. ed. Peter M. Toner, Fredericton: New Ireland Press, 1988.
Toner, Peter M., "The Unstmg Harp: Canada's Irish," in Acadiemis. Volume VI1 S p ~ g , 1978.
, "Irish," in The Canadian Encyclopedia. Volume 11. Edmonton: Hurtig Publishers, 1985.
, 'The Irish of New Brunswick at Mid Centu~y: The 185 1 Census," in New Ireiand Remembered: Historical Essays on the Irish in New Brunswick. ed, M. Toner, Fredericton: New Ireland Press, 1988.
Peter
Whalen, James M., " 'Allmost as Bad as Ireland' : The Experience of the lrish Famine Immigrant in Canada, Saint John, L û47," in The U d d Story: The Irish in Canada. Toronto: Celtic Arts of Canada, 1988.
C. Other
Whalen, James M., "New Brunswick Poor Law Policy in the Nineteenth Century," Unpublished M. A. Thesis, U.N.B., 1968.
