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Children orphaned and made vulnerable by AIDS
Only asked in countries with high HIV prevalence or high proportion of children orphaned
Additional module in household questionnaire
Purpose
• To monitor the impact of AIDS on children• Indicators are specific to children vulnerable
because of high levels of adult mortality or adult morbidity. Defined as:– Either or both parents have died– Either or both parents are chronically ill– Lives in a household where adult who was
chronically ill has died in prior 12 months– Lives in a household where adult is chronically
illSee further explanation of terms in interviewers guide
Indicators
• Prevalence of orphans • Prevalence of vulnerable children• External support• And other indicators comparing the well-
being of orphaned and vulnerable children (OVC) versus non-OVC– Education, Sex before age 15, Malnutrition
• Further description of indicators and definition: Guide to Monitoring and Evaluating the National Response for Children Orphaned and Made Vulnerable by HIV/AIDS (UNICEF, 2005)
Methodological issues
• Definition of OVC is a proxy for children affected by AIDS; should not be used to monitor children vulnerable due to other causes
• Indicator on external support provides information on whether household of child has access to services or support mechanisms (presented by child, not household)
Table HA10: Children’s living arrangements and orphanhood
Table HA.10: Children's living arrangements and orphanhood
Only father alive
Only mother alive
Both are alive
Both are dead
Father alive
Father dead
Mother alive
Mother dead
Sex
Male 100.0
Female 100.0
Not living with a
biological parent*
One or both
parents dead**
Number of
children
Living with both parents
Living with neither parent
Total
Percent distribution of children aged 0-17 years according to living arrangements, percentage of children aged 0-17 years in households not living with a biological parent and percentage of children who are orphans, Country, Year
Living with mother only
Living with father only
Impossible to
determine
*MICS indicator 78: Children who are not living with at least one biological parent, either because the parents live elsewhere or because the parents are dead (HL9=2 or HL10=00) and (HL11=2 or HL12=00).
** MICS indicator 75: Children for whom one or both biological parents are dead (HL9=2 or HL11=2).The denominator in this table is children age 0-17 years enumerated in the household listing.
Table HA.11 Prevalence of orphanhood and vulnerability
Table HA.11: Prevalence of orphanhood and vulnerability among children
Chronically ill parent
Adult death in household
Chronically ill adult in
householdVulnerable children*
One or both parents dead**
Orphans and vulnerable children
Number of children aged
0-17 years
Sex
Male
Female
Percentage of children aged 0-17 years who are orphaned or vulnerable due to AIDS, Country, Year
* MICS indicator 76 Proportion of children who are vulnerable** MICS indicator 75 Proportion of children who are orphaned
Drop background characteristics if sample sizes are too small.
Table HA.12 School attendance
Table HA.12: School attendance of orphaned and vulnerable children
School attendance of children aged 10-14 years by orphanhood and vunerability due to AIDS, Country, Year
Percent of children whose mother
and father have died
School attendance
rate of children whose
mother and father have
died
Percent of children of whom both parents are
alive and child is living with at least one
parent
School attendance rate
of children of whom both
parents are alive and child is living with at least one
parent
Double orphans to
non-orphans school
attendance ratio*
Percent of children who are orphaned or vulnerable
School attendance of children who are
orphaned or vulnerable
Percent of children who
are not orphaned or vulnerable
School attendance of children who
are not orphaned or vulnerable
OVC vs non-OVC school attendance
ratio
Total number of children
aged 10-14 years
Sex
Male
Female
MICS indicator 77, MDG indicator 20 School attendance ratio: Double orphans versus non-orphans living with at least one parent.
Also useful to present by “OVC” status. Provide value for overall groups to show
Drop background characteristics if sample sizes are too small.
Table HA.13 External support
MICS indicator 81: Support for children orphaned and made vulnerable by AIDS 1) Medical support within the past 12 months, 2) Emotional support within the past 3 months, 3) Material or social support, within the past 3 months, 4) School-related assistance within the past 12 months, 5) Any support is based on any of the 4 types of support for children aged 5-17, and on 3 types of support (excluding educational support) for children aged 0-4 years. Denominator for all columns is children aged 0-17 years orphaned and made vulnerable by AIDS
Table HA.13: Support for children orphaned and vulnerable due to AIDS
Medical support (in
last 12 months)
Emotional and
psychosocial support (in
last 3 months
Social/ material
support (in last 3
months)
Educational support (in
last 12 months)
Any support*
All types of support
No support at all
Sex
Male
Female
Percentage of children aged 0-17 years orphaned or made vulnerable due to AIDS whose households receive free basic external support in caring for the child, Country, Year
Number of children
orphaned or vulnerable aged 0-17
years
Percent of orphans and vulnerable children whose households received:
Data on orphanhood in TACRO
Percent of children 0-14 who are orphans (one or both parents dead)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
DR 2002 Peru 2000 Bolivia1998
Columbia2000
Haiti 2000
Per
cen
t
Orphan school attendance ratio -- TACRO
Ratio of school attendance for 10-14 year old children: double orphans versus non-orphans
living with at least one parent
0.75
0.80
0.85
0.90
0.95
1.00
Peru Haiti Suriname DominicanRepublic
Guatemala
Ra
tio
Orphan school attendance ratio – WCARO, select countries
Ratio of school attendance for 10-14 year old children: double orphans versus non-orphans living with at least
one parent
0.000.200.400.600.801.001.20
Sierr
a Leo
neDRC
Côte d
'Ivoire
Gam
bia
Eq. Guin
eaTogo
Gab
on
Camero
on
Guin
ea-B
issa
uM
ali
Chad
Rat
io
Orphan school attendance ratio – Asia
Ratio of school attendance for 10-14 year old children: double orphans versus non-orphans living with at least
one parent
0.65
0.70
0.75
0.80
0.85
Cambodia Indonesia
Rat
io