Chimpanzees of Gabon and Chimpanzees of Gombe :

some comparative data on the diet

Claude Marcel Hladik

To cite this version:

Claude Marcel Hladik. Chimpanzees of Gabon and Chimpanzees of Gombe : some comparativedata on the diet. T.H. CLUTTON-BROCK. Primate Ecology: Studies of Feeding and Rangingbehaviour in Lemurs, Monkeys, and Apes, Academic Press, London, pp.81-501, 1977. <hal-00561740>

HAL Id: hal-00561740

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00561740

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HLADIK C.M. (1977) — Chimpanzees of Gabon and Chimpan-zees of Gombe : some comparative data on the diet. In : T.H. CLUTTON-BROCK (Ed.) Primate Ecology: Studies of Feeding and Ranging behaviour in Lemurs, Monkeys, and Apes. Academic Press, London : 481-501.

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TABL

EI

ComjJarison

betweenthelimesJJClllJeedillg

andtheIood

intake

kvPan

troglodytes

troglodytes

Amount

ingested

Time

spent

freshweight

Sampleeaten

min

%g

%

BajJhia

Leploholrys(Papilionaccae)

leaves

3516·7

85·

5·3

Hypsclodelphis

violacea(~1arantaceae)stem

s12

5·7

120

7·5

IHusanga

cecroj)ioides(i\1oraccae)peliolesoflcaves

2o·g

100·6

bark

31·4

48-8%

ofthe

301·9

33·3%

ofthe

Plerygola

bequaerlii(Stcrculiaceae)

youngleaves

125·7

135

8·5

Slem

s3

1-4

feedingtim

e10

0·6

freshweight

Macaranga

spinosa(Euphorbiaceae)

bark

31·4

spenton

leaves

15o·g

ingested

from

ROllreopsis

obliquifoliolata

(Connaraceae)

leaves

94·3

andbark

503·1

leavesandbark

Baphiasp.

1383

(Papilionaceae)

leaves

41·9

50·3

Vine(unidentified)

apex

83·8

201·3

Musa.mpielllum

Uvlusaceae)

banana

skins

115·3

503·1

-----

Garcinia

jJo/yanlha

(Guttircrac)

pulp

offruits

83·8

1509

j\1ammeaafricalla

(Guttiferac)

pulp

offruits

62·9

H-4%

onfruits

503·1

62.600from

Cinlls

dinklagei(Vitaccae)

fruits

20·9

100·6

fruitS

MusasajJielltum

(M"usaceae)banana

pulp

146·7

920

57·9

l\:facromiscoidcsaculeallisantnests

6430·6

452·8

+.I00from

Termites

(including

rotten

wood)

4·1·9

36·8%

oninsects

150·9

Ants(unidentified)

94-3

=50·3

insects

Exam

pleof

1stSeptember1971,i"rom

5.'W

to18.07h.

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=

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PERCENTA

GE

OF

FRESH

WEIGHT

INGESTE

D

e..J

~~

c '"

- :::

'< ·• ·.- > z

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TABL

EII

Comp

osition

ofsome

importa

ntfood

samp

leseaten

bythechimpanzee

inGa

bon

Percent

ofdryweight

~--

Sugars

Water

after

Chlorides

(%)

Protein

Lipids

hydrol.

Cellulose

"MineralsPh

osphorus

Calcium

inNaC

lPotassium

FRUITS

Nauclea

diderrichii

76·7

4·5

5·3

47·2

17·3

3·0

0·11

0·27

0·10

0·97

(Rubiaceae)

seedsnot

extracted

Duboscia

macrocarpa

68·0

4-2

1·8

44·8

35·0

3·1

0·09

0·32

0·06

0·97

(Tiliaceae)

Aframom

umgiganteum

55·9

8·2

11·1

48·8

11·6

5·2

0·]8

0·10

0·13

1·68

(Zingiberaceae)

seedsnot

extracted

1i1usangacecropioides

72-8

8·8

6·3

31·5

25·9

4·5

0·]7

0·67

0·19

1·19

(Moraceae)

seedsnot

extracted

Sarcophrynium

schw

einfurth

ianum

61·8

11·3

0·9

61·8

14·6

4-7

0·19

0·66

0·13

0·85

(Marantaceae)

seedsnot

extracted

Mam

mea

qfricana

81·1

5·1

--

10·6

2·7

0·09

0·17

-0·69

(Guttiferac)

Pseudospondias

tongifalia

73·7

7·5

0·6

17·4

28·8

14-0

0·07

0·23

0·19

1·83

(Anacardiaceae)

Rytigynia

sp.2032

84·9

8·1

5·9

8·6

27·6

3·5

0·07

0·13

0·10

;·]8

(Rubiaceae)

Musa

saj)ientnm

(Musaceac)

banana

pulp

69·1

4·5

]·284·7

1·7

3·8

0·11

O·H

0-32

~-~

with

skin

78·4

5·6

6·6

42·0

8·6

7·8

0·16

0·6!

0--'-'

,?-';3

SEED

SAND

ARILS

Dichostem

ma

glaucescen-~

88·9

10·1

0·8

37·7

15·0

2·-!

O-l-!

0-1:

~.o

(Euphorbiaceae)

unripe

seeds

C1:J/JlO

SPpabJm

congolom

on67-1

llHi

3-0

'-62-;

o·

=~~

ft.,,::,

"

Caeszlpin2cev

Ou.ba

nguiaafricana

68·8

(-0

0-';'

(Scytopetalaceae)

unripe

seeds

Treculia

a/ricana

18·2

13·3

11·9

74·0

1·9

11·9

0·25

~".

'I...

-~

(~1oraceae)seeds

Trich

ilia

prieu

reana

46·2

11·5

73·2

5·6

5·3

1·6

0·12

0-13

().("

v--=-::

(Meliaceae)

arils

FLOWER

SJYeuropeltisacum

inata

68·8

25-4

1·8

16·7

19·2

6·8

0·28

Q·-!5

0·18

='-=-

(Convolvulaceae)

Cryptosepalum

congolanum

65·0

18·5

1·7

-12·5

4·9

0·30

0·2f

O-W

!-~

(Caesalpiniaceae)

LEAVES

AND

STEM

SBa

phia

leptobotrys

(Papilionaceae)

lcafbuds

80·7

55·0

--

12·3

6·4

0·69

0-49

-.---'-'

youngleaves

74·3

36·3

2·3

20·1

14·9

3·7

0·20

0·27

0·06

~---:-

largeleaves

59·0

31·9

1·9

1J.4

28·0

11·1

0·12

1·75

0-13

t•.-

-."

oldleaves

56·7

26·1

1·3

-36·6

8·9

0·19

1·14

-~-:B

Newb

ouldia

laevis

76·6

21·7

4·]

-13·8

5·4

0·28

0·22

->~:

(Bignoniaceae)

youngleaves

Dinophora

spenneroides

83·6

16·7

10·7

31·2

]]·0

3·6

0·20

0·46

0·15

~.-

(Melastomaceae)

youngleaves

Ongokeagore

66·3

19·3

1·2

25·0

8·9

3·9

0·22

0·22

-;.~J

(Olacaceae)

youngleaves

Baphiasp.1383

67·5

24·5

1·3

14·5

37·0

4·1

0·22

0·19

0·16

l~(Papilionaceae)

youngleaves

Hypselodelphis

violacea

74·1

5·7

1·1

1J.4

51·3

4·9

0·10

0·22

0·50

:-30

(Marantaceae)

stem

sMusanga

cecropioides

91·7

1J.6

0·6

17·0

19·3

17·]

0·26

2·40

1·3-1

3~

(Moraceae)

petioles

INVER

TEBRATE

Sj\1acromiscoides

aculeatus

±50

29·0

4·2

20·0

-5·0

0·36

0·61

totalantnests

CEcophillaloginada

antgrubs

-71·5

Mixture

ofinsectsfrom

thelitter-

70·2

3·5

0·5

-6·1

0·76

0·70

Caterpillars,sampleAn15

72·9

62·3

21·2

6-4

7·3

3·2

0·39

0·21

0·19

1·!I

TABL

EIII

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"T1 o o o () o S ""(J o (J) --I o Z

r > G

Comparisonoftherelativeproportions

oftheessentialaminuacidsinthevegetalandanimalfood

samples

accountingfor

mostof

thedietary

protein

ingestedby

thechimpanzee,Pantroglodytestroglodytesin

theIorestofGabon

Stem

sof

Leaves

ofAntsnestof

Antsandgrubsof

Amino

Hyf)J'clodelphis

Baphia

Macromiscoides

rEcophylia

Protein

ofegg

acid

violacea

leptobotrys

aell/eatus

longinoda

Total

average

asreference

Cystine

4·6

7·7

2·7

1·75

5·9

4·8

Histidine

4·8

2·9

g·o

6·6

4-3

4·6

Isoleucine

11·0

11·5

11·3

12-4

11·6

10·4

_--Leucine

20·3

,13·5

19·2

22·1

16·2

16·7

_____

Lysine

10·5

8·7

12·9

15·0

10-4

13·9

Methionine

4-6

2·7

3-4

3·5

3·1

6·1

Phenylalanine

11·5

8·7

8·1

7·6

8·7

11·6

--Threonine

11·8

-7·9

11·3

10·2

g·o

9·3

Tyrosine

6·1

g·o

8·7

8·4

8·6

9·3

Valine

15·2

27-6

1304

12·4

22·3

13·5

The

percentagesof

essentialam

inoacidsarerelated

totheirsum.The

"total

average"

iscalculated

accordingto

the

importance

ofeach

samplein

thediet

ofthechimpanzee.From

HladikandViroben,1974.

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