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China
In the 20th Century
Standards
• SS7H3 The student will analyze continuity and change in Southern and Eastern Asia leading to the 21st century.d. Describe the impact of communism in
China in terms of Mao Zedong, the Great Leap Forward, the Cultural Revolution, and Tiananmen Square.
Huang He, Mekong, Yangtze, Sea of Japan, South China Sea, Yellow Sea, Gobi, Taklimakan, Korea, Indonesia, Vietnam
What do we know?
1. How many people live in China?
2. What kind of government?
3. What type of economy?
4. Where do people live?
5. Environmental issues?
6. Major geographic features?
7. Key border nations?
The new Republic of China
§ Nationalist Party ended Chinese Dynasty rule with the defeat of the Qing Dynasty in 1911.
§ Sun Yat-Sen was 1st President (1912-1925)
§ Sought to end foreign control in China’s affairs
§ Unstable times
Chiang Kai-shekChiang Kai-shek
• Second leader of the Republic of China
• 1929 formed Nationalist Republic of China
• Civil War with Mao Zedong and Communist Party
Mao Zedong As a Young Revolutionary
Mao Zedong As a Young Revolutionary
• 1921- One of the founders of Chinese Communist Party
• Led the Long March (1934-1935) after defeat by Chiang’s army
• 1949 Defeated Nationalist- created People’s Republic of China
• Chairman of the Communist Party (1949-1976)
Mao ZedongMao Zedong
The Long March• 6,000 mile trek of the Red Army of the Chinese
Communist (chased by the Nationalist Party).• Communist relocated from Southeast to
Northwest.• They crossed 18 mountain ranges and 24
rivers.• Marched without supplies- foraging and
gathering• 100,000 men began • the trek; only 8,000 • arrived 1 year later in Yan’an.
The Long MarchThe Long March
The Long March…
Mount Jiajin- 1st mountain on Long March
Mao Zedong - Man of the People
The Three Rules of
Discipline
● Prompt obedience to orders,
● No confiscation of peasant
property, and
● Prompt delivery directly to
authorities of all items
confiscated from landlords.
Eight Points for
Attention
• Be polite when speaking
• Be honest when buying and
selling
• Return all borrowed articles
• Pay compensation for
everything damaged
• Do not hit or swear at others
• Do not damage crops
• Do not harass females
• Do not mistreat prisoners
Communist Revolution 1946-1949Communist Revolution 1946-1949
• Nationalist and Communist are side by side during WWII.
• The end of the World War was the beginning of …CIVIL WAR!
Chinese Red Army (Communist ) takes power from NationalistShanghai- 1949
The Communist Victory
The Communist Victory
How did they win?How did they win?
§ Mao won support of peasants – land § Mao won support of women§ Mao’s army used guerilla war tactics§ Many saw the Nationalist government as corrupt§ Many felt that the Nationalists allowed foreigners to dominate China.
Time Line China
1929 Chiang Kai-shek forms nationalist republic
1934-35 Long March of Communists
1939-45 World War II: Japan Invades China
Communists and Nationalist work together
1945-49 Civil War won by Communists
1949-76 Mao leads People’s Republic
The People’s Republic of China
The People’s Republic of China
• Mao Zedong announces formation of PRC on October 1, 1949 in front of the Forbidden City in Beijing
• Communist rule in China begins
• Wanted collective (Command Economy) ownership in agriculture and industry
Communist China Under Mao
Communist China Under Mao
• Industrialized China
• Increased literacy
• Class privileges ended
• One-party dictatorship
• Denied people basic rights and freedoms
• Overtook Inner Mongolia & Tibet
Great Leap Forward, 1958Great Leap Forward, 1958● 5 year plan to increase agriculture and industry
● Established Collectives● Groups of people who live and work together to achieve production quotas● Property held and controlled by government
● Ended after 2 years – failure for Mao● Farmers missed owning land, produced less, no motivation to work hard● Poor crops due to bad weather and “close planting”
• Resulted in massive famine• Over 10 million died in 1960 alone
Cultural Revolution, 1966Cultural Revolution, 1966
● Renew revolutionary spirit and establish an equal society● Mao wanted to put “intellectuals” in their place- students encouraged to leave school and fight anything that promoted classes● Red Guards were students who attacked professors, government officials, factory managers- some were jailed, some killed● Fear of Capitalism-
private ownership
*Result was chaos*
Mao’s Attempt to take backAbsolute power!
The Red GuardThe Red Guard
Propaganda PostersPropaganda Posters
What do you see…
Deng Xiaoping Deng Xiaoping • Deng Xiaoping becomes
new leader of China• Opens markets to limited Capitalism
to encourage growth.• Allows limited westernization (Coca-
Cola in 1978, KFC in 1987)• GDP rockets upward.
Command
Market
Mao Deng
Tiananmen Square, 1989Tiananmen Square, 1989
• Located in the city of Beijing
• Size: 109 acres• Several important
monuments and buildings are located there
Tiananmen Square, 1989Tiananmen Square, 1989
• Thousands of students and workers protested for democratic reforms and corruption in the government.
• Occupied square for 7 weeks.
Tiananmen Square, 1989
Tiananmen Square, 1989
Democracy — OurCommon Ideal!
Tiananmen Square, 1989
Tiananmen Square, 1989
Goddess of Democracy
Tiananmen Square Protest Ends…Tiananmen Square Protest Ends…
• Government used military force to end demonstration.
• Goddess of Democracy
destroyed by soldiers
Tiananmen Square, 1989
Tiananmen Square, 1989
The Massacre: The People’s Army Moves In
June 4, 1989
Student leaders are arrested
Hundreds were killed, ten thousand injured, and thousands “arrested”
Type 59 Chinese Tank72,000 lbs8.5 feet tall
20 feet long/11 feet wide
video clip (June 5, 1989)
Jeff WidenerCharlie Cole
Stuart Franklin
Terril Jones Arthur Tsang Hin Wah
Tiananmen Square, 1989
Tiananmen Square, 1989
No fighting but no peace either.
Warm Up and Review
1. First leader of communist China?
2. Goal of Great Leap Forward?
3. Amount of private ownership under Mao?
4. Enemy of the Cultural Revolution?
5. Families of rulers in China?
6. One who believes nation should be independent?
7. A command economy is a _________ economy.
8. Goal of protesters in Tiananmen Square?
9. Monarch in Japan?
What do you think?
What do you think- 19 years after Tiananmen
Square?