CHINA

AIM

Explain how dragons l d i l l iplayed an essential role in

Chi ltChinese culture

Dragons were respected Dragons were respected spirist, friendly beasts who brought good luck

Dragon gods brought rain to make the land fertile

A dragon’s limbs represented the smaller represented the smaller parts of a river: the main body was the river, and the

th th d ltmouth was the delta

-The Year of the Dragon which will run from January 23, 2012 to February 9, 2013

-Chinese New Year is a very old celebration, a time for repaying debts, enjoying feasts, p y g , j y g ,giving "red envelopes" of lucky money to friends and relatives, and remembering ancestors.

- There are many ancient and delightful superstitions surrounding this holiday. This is one of our favorites.

Ancient ChinaToday, we know that magical dragons exist only in imagination and myth. They are mythical creatures.

But in ancient China, the people firmly believed that dragons were real and powerful. The dragon was the sign of the emperors.

Over time, “The Dragon” became a nickname for China.

In ancient China dragons were thought to be wise caring and a bit mischievous In ancient China, dragons were thought to be wise, caring, and a bit mischievous. They did not breathe fire. They had personalities. They had magical powers.

Th ld d They could appear and disappear whenever they wanted.

They could turn into beasts if they were angry.

Once upon a time ....

Long ago in Han times there was a monster whose name Long ago, in Han times, there was a monster whose name was "Nian". This monster came once each year to a little village and scared everyone! One day, just by luck, the villagers discovered that "Nian" had a couple fears of his own. He was afraid of the color red and even moreafraid of scary loud noises!

The villagers prepared. When "Nian" appeared, everyone in the village ran for the red banners and noise makers they had made. They waved their banners and rattled their noise makers.

This scared "Nian" so much that "Nian" ran away and was never heard from again!

Which all goes to explain why people in China believe the color red signifies joy and Which all goes to explain why people in China believe the color red signifies joy and luck, and why noise makers are rattled on Chinese New Year. At midnight, firecrackers, paper dragons, noise makers, the waving of red ribbons and banners all help to drive away any lingering evil spirits from the old year.

(In case "Nian" is still lurking about somewhere!)

A i ChiAncient ChinaD i i t Chi Dragons in ancient China were a composite (a mix) of parts from different animals.

These mythical creatures hada camel head, a snake neck, fish a camel head, a snake neck, fish scales, eagle claws, tiger paws, ox ears, deer horns, and whiskers

Their job in ancient China was to act as guardians.

Wood DragonsWood DragonsLegend says …. Wood dragons are brown.

They guard the forest They guard the forest. They are imaginative andcurious, and come up with curious, and come up with brilliant new ideas.

They are not as selfish as the other dragons. gThey share well.

Fi DFire DragonsL d Fi d dLegend says …. Fire dragons are red.

They guard the wind, fire, lightning y g , , g gand sky.

These dragons are These dragons are the most outgoing and short-outgoing and shorttempered.

E th DEarth DragonsL d E th d Legend says … Earth dragons are green.

They guard the earth the They guard the earth, the crops, and the mountains. They know the value of cooperation.

Metal DragonsMetal DragonsLegend says …. Metal dragons are gold

They guard metals and i hprecious gems. These

dragons succeed because they refuse to accept failure. y p

They have little caring for They have little caring for the feeling of others. These dragons are quite selfish.

Water DragonsWater Dragons

L d W t d bl Legend says …. Water dragons are blue.

They guard rivers, rain, y gwells, and water. They get along well with people.

They know how to accept defeat and accept defeat and how to rebuild.

Dragons

Since the ancient Chinese firmly believed that dragons were y greal and had special magical powers, dragons were an important part of ancient Chinese daily life.

They were blamed for a great deal that went wrong, and credited with things that went right credited with things that went right.

Dragons wereDragons were(and still are) a funancient Chinese invention!ancient Chinese invention!

DO NOW

CREATE A NEW TRIANGLETRIANGLEANCIENT ANCIENT

CHINACHINA

Loess – yellow brown soily

Dike – a protective wall that controls or pholds back water

Extended family – closely related people of several generationsg

AIM

EXPLAIN THE GEOGRAPHY OF EXPLAIN THE GEOGRAPHY OF ANCIENT CHINA

HOW DID FAMILY PLAY AN ESSENTIAL ROLE IN THE

CHINESE CULTURE

North China- located in east Asia- built of soil deposits from Huang

RiverRiver- Summer rainy season caused by

monsoon winds (short lived)- Most of the time the climate is dry

Southern China- Climate is warm and wet-Monsoons from South China bring Monsoons from South China bring

heavy rains (March – September)

Mountains and high lands separate China f th l d t h k l d f from other lands = not much knowledge of Egypt, India, Greece, or Rome

Chinese believed they lived in the middle of ythe world = called themselves Middle Kingdom

Huang ” River“Y ellow”Huang – River- Second longest river in China- River flooding brings Loess, yellow brown

soil for farming

Y ellow

soil for farming- Farmers grow a grain called millet

China’s Sorrow-Destructive floods took many lives- Thousands drowned-Floods came unexpected with

force and had no clear path

Dikest ti ll th t h ld b k th - protective walls that hold back the

waters were built to control flooding- Dikes could not hold back the water

Shang Dynasty

-1st civilization in China-Built China’s first cities

Accomplishments :p-Bronze-A Chinese writing systemcalled calligraphycalled calligraphy

- Bordered Shang territoryg y- Peace and war ensued-Zhou conquered Shang in 1122 B CB.C.- Ruled for over 1,000 years- Dynasty 1 – early Western Zhou

h- Dynasty 2 – Late Eastern Zhou- Warring states emerged at the

end of the 2nd dynasty – small y ykingdoms fought for control

QUIN (chin) emerged QUIN (chin) emerged victorious

-Some Chinese inherited the thronethrone-Others fought for their right to rule-Rulers believed that however they came to power it was considered their:

DESTINY or FATE-This destiny was known as Mandate of HeavenMandate of Heaven-Mandate is a law or an order- Mandates gave fathers power

h f lin their families

Family is the center of the Chinese culture

Traditional Families Women’s Role-Generations lived together-Extended family – relatives such as grandparents, uncles, aunts, parents,

i

Women s Role-Women had a lower status than men

Three Obediences:cousins-The poorer Chinese lived in multiple one room cottages

1 – obey their father2 – obey their husbands3 – obey their sons if widowed

Family AuthorityFour Virtues:

1 – Morality2 Modesty

Family Authority-Authority depends on sex (female/male) and age -The oldest man had the most power 2 – Modesty

3 – Proper Speech4 – Domestic Skills

- In marriage women obeyed their

The oldest man had the most power -He decided who females married- Was in charge of discipline- After his death his land was In marriage, women obeyed their

husbands and respected the wishes of the mother-in-law

divided between his sons

Inherited names were passed down from father to childdown from father to childExamples:

-Mao-Chan-Lu

In China, the family name comes first as opposed to the U.S. where the family name is our last namethe family name is our last name

US – George Washingtonh hChina – Washington, George

f i ( ) hi hil hConfucius (552 – 479 B.C. ) – a Chinese philosopher and teacher whose beliefs had a great influence on Chinese lifegreat influence on Chinese life

Philosophy – a system of beliefs and valuesPhilosophy a system of beliefs and values

Civil Service – the group of people whose job it is to carry out the work of the government

AIM

HOW DID CONFUCIUS HOW DID CONFUCIUS SHAPE THE CULTURE OF ANCIENT CHINA?

“Choose a job you love, and you will never have to work a day in your life”

Kong Fu Zi or Master KongConfucius is a Latinized version of his name

Confucius was born into a poor Confucius was born into a poor family, was self taught, and charged students to take classes

i h hi l b hi i with him to learn about his views on life and government.

He never wrote down his teachings

China was in a time of frequent warfare over control of the land

Confucius’s Goals: to bring about peace, stability and prosperity to China’s kingdoms

Confucius used the teachings of Confucius used the teachings of forgotten wise people: his ideas were not original

Confucianism – an important philosophy of ancient China that began to govern many aspects of life

RESPECTING OTHERS:

5 Human Relationships1 – ruler and ruled2 – father and son3 – husband and wife4 – older and younger brother4 older and younger brother5 – friend and friend

P l i ibl f tti d l- People in power are responsible for setting a good example- Similar to the Golden Rule:

“Do not do onto others what you would not want done to yourself”

Confucianism is a philosophy but was also practiced in addition to a religion

Ancient Chinese had many kinds of religious beliefs:- honoring of the godshonoring of the gods-worshiping ancestors- belief in the spirits

live in harmony with nature- live in harmony with nature- happiness was achieved from

living a balanced life

Taoism –religious philosophy based on the writing of Lao-Tzu-followers lived simple and selfless lives and often times o o e s ed s p e a d se ess es a d o te t es competed with Confucianism

Confucius influenced government

Civil Service is a group of people who carried out the work of government

MERIT SYTEM:- previous government jobs were passed down to sons of powerful rulers

-Positions was based on merit, most qualified for the positionPositions was based on merit, most qualified for the position

-to gain a government job you had to be literate and pass a test

Yin Yang symbol represents Ancient Chinese understanding of Ancient Chinese understanding of how things work. The outer circle represents "everything", while the black and white shapes within the circle represent the interaction of two penergies, called "yin" (black) and "yang" (white), which cause everything to happen everything to happen. They are not completely black or white, just as things in life are not

l l bl k h d hcompletely black or white, and they cannot exist without each other.

Shi Huangdi – founder of the Qin dynasty and China’s first emperorp

Currency – the type of money used by a group or aination

Wudi Chinese emperor who brought the Han Wudi – Chinese emperor who brought the Han dynasty to its greatest strength

Warload – a local leader of an armed group

AIM

HOW DID THE QINHOW DID THE QINDYNASTY, SHI

HUANDGI, AND HAN DYNSYIES SHAPE ANCIENT CHINA

Terra- cotta - A reddish type of pottery6,000 life sized statues of soldiers and horses along with wood and bronze chariots and metal weapons were buried to keep watch at the bronze chariots and metal weapons were buried to keep watch at the tomb of China’s first emperor, Shi Huangdi in the city of Chang’an. This underground army was designed to rule the afterlife

China was divided into 7 warring kingdoms

Shi Huangdi, (Zhao Zheng) China’s 1st

emperor, unified China and ruled for two generationstwo generations

Qin is sometimes spelled Ch’in and that is where the name China came fromis where the name China came from

Qin wanted to protect China from invading nomads so he built the Great gWall of China to protect Chinas borders

Farmers and merchants were ordered to begin construction

- Construction took 10 years- Overtime walls have been added so the Overtime walls have been added so the

Great Wall is actually made of many walls- The wall stretches about 4,500 miles

Shi Huangdi ordered farmers to build roads in order to travel to uprisings quicker

The emperor killed or imprisoned The emperor killed or imprisoned any rulers who opposed him

Chi di id d i di iChina was divided into districts

Each district had a government run gby emperor’s trusted officials

Economic and Cultural Economic and Cultural Improvements-One currency was established

k it i t t d ith - makes it easier to trade with regions

-Common weights and measures established-Improved system of writingImproved system of writing-A law code was established

Shi Huangdi tried to control his peoples thoughts and outlawed the ideas of Confucius and burned

ll b k ( b k di i h l all books (except books on medicine, technology and farming)

Scholars protested and Shi Huangdi had them all Scholars protested and Shi Huangdi had them all killed

Legalism was created – the idea that people Legalism was created the idea that people should be punished for bad behavior and rewarded for good behavior

Legalist believed the people should work to serve the government

Shi Hunagdi died in 210 B.C. and China fell into chaos

Liu Bang (LYOH bahng) becomes the new emperor of China for the next 400 of China for the next 400 years

A t bl d l h h A stable and less harsh government was created

A civil service system was established (taking tests so the best qualified person the best qualified person works in a government position)

WARRIOR WARRIOR EMPEROR EMPEROR

Lui Bang’s grandson came to power in 140 B C at age 15power in 140 B.C. at age 15

He ruled for more than 50 years- repaired the Great Wall- strengthened the military- Chinese rule stretched to Chinese rule stretched to

Central Asia, present day north and south Korea and present day VietnamVietnam

Wudi died in 87 B.C.

Overtime young emperors weakened the empire and

i ll dempire collapsed

Warlords, local leaders or groups, gained power

The Wei dynasty ruled for 50 The Wei dynasty ruled for 50 years but eventually China fell into a number of smaller kingdomskingdoms

Silk Road – an ancient trade route between China and Europe

Silk l bl l th i i ll d l i Silk – a valuable cloth, originally made only in China from threads spun by caterpillars called silkwormscalled silkworms

Sima Qian – a Chinese scholar, astronomer, and historian; author of the most important history of ancient China, Hi i l R d Historical Records

AIM

EXPLAIN THE IMPORTANCE OF IMPORTANCE OF THE SILK ROAD

The silk road stretched from China to the Mediterranean Sea and was 4,000 miles long

The route went through mountains and deserts (passed through Mesopotamia)

Emperor Wudi opened up trade to p p pCentral Asia

Foods such as grapes, walnuts, and garlic g p , , gwere new to the Chinese

Goods were shipped from the Goods were shipped from the Mediterranean to Rome, Greece, Egypt, and other lands

As goods passed from trader to trader the price increasedprice increased

Silk road got its name from silk, a valuable cloth made in China by silkworms

Romans paid high prices for silk while Chinese p g ppaid good money for glass, horses, ivory, woolen and linen cloth from Rome

Ideas were spread along the Silk Road

ddh l h b hBuddhism was a religion that was brought to China

Oral tradition and myths were passed down through generations but often The Medicine:conflicted with each other

Sima Qian spent his life writing a

-Acupuncture, herbal remedies, and circulatory system

history of China known as Historical Records

circulatory system

Technology:paper iron plow The Han dynasty brought about many

new advances

-paper, iron plow, rudder, seismoscope, compass, and a

The Arts:-silk weaving, bronze work, architecture, poetry, history, jade

wheelbarrow

architecture, poetry, history, jade carving