Date post: | 30-Dec-2015 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | beatrice-west |
View: | 26 times |
Download: | 6 times |
LOGO
China National Science & Technology Industrial China National Science & Technology Industrial Parks (STIPs)Parks (STIPs)
Peng HaoshuPeng Haoshu
Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.R. ChinaChinese Academy of Sciences, P.R. China
16 March 200916 March 2009
Contents
Overview of Background1
Current Situation2
3
Strategies for Future Development4
Policies and Administration
Background
The importance of STIPs in China:1. Incubators of S&T companies
2. Important platforms for technology innovation
3. Congregation of innovation clusters
4. Representative areas of intensive economic growth models
5. Important engines of regional economic growth
6. Important carrier to improve international competency.
Current Status of Major Regions in China
Western :Area: 71.6% ;Population: 370 million(28.7%)Main Features :( 1 ) unfavorable natural conditions , most poverty population ;( 2 ) highest rural population proportion
( 3 ) more than 50 minorities (more than 80% of total minority population ;( 4 ) few and far between , inconvenient economic connections
( 5 ) upriver of Yongtse, Yellow River, ... , eco-safety of the whole country ;( 6 ) rich in energy and mineral resources
North-east:
Area: 8.2% ;Population: 110 million (8.3%)
Main Features:( 1 ) rich land resources and favorable for agricultural production( 2 ) lowest rural population
proportion ( 3 ) old industrial bases facing challenges of exhausting resources ( 4 ) good industrial conditions, reserve of talents, well developed infrastructure( 5 ) facing constructive problems
Central:
Area: 10.7% ;Population: 360 million (28.2%)
Main Features:( 1 ) Fertile soil , major agricultural production and output bases ;( 2 ) traditional culture stressing agriculture while restraining industry and despising commerce ;( 3 ) industrial bases of various scales formed in some areas( 4 ) impacted area, convenient economic connections & easier market support for industrial growth( 5 ) higher proportion of agricultural population than national average but lower than western areas( 6 ) absolute poverty basically eliminated and therefore development has become the priority 。
Gov. Initiative Foreign Investment Made in China Business Independent Innovation Created in China
National Strategies Since 80’sEast others
Population ●Arable land ●
Natural Resources
●
Economy ●S&T Strength ● ●
78’ Costal Cities
91’ STIPs
99’ Western Development
03’ North-east
04’ Central Areas
Overview
Background : The Changing China
Background : The Changing China
Made in China : No. 1 Manufacturer and Exporter in most industries
•Toys 70%
•Shoes 50%•Color TV 45%•Air Conditioner 30%•Textile 24%
Created
in China
Independent Innovation
Adjustment of Industrial Construction
Moving up to higher end in the Value Chains
Policy Talents
Capital Market
Tech
Trade Volume/GDP: 60%(03’); 64%(05’)
Excessive investment into processing trade (OEM), resulting in, labor, land and resources intensive lower-end products
Gov. Initiative Foreign Investment Made in China Business Independent Innovation Created in China
Background
1. Why STIPs Breakthrough difficulties of lower-end manufacturing clusters;
Limited areas selected to concentrate policies and resources to congregate higher-end value chains to realize the “breakthrough” ;
To promote the transformation of technology results and encourage indigenous innovation and entrepreneurship
To promote the commercialization of new & high-tech achievements, the industrialization of new & high-tech products and the internationalization of new & high-tech industries (China Torch Program)
2. The goal of STIPs : Innovation clusters
STIPs-Milestones
85’ 1st STIP in Shenzhen
88’ 1st National STIP in Zhongguncun
91’ 26 National STIPs approved
92’ 25 National STIPs approved
97’ The 53rd National STIP (agricultural, Yangling, Shanxi)
07’ The 54th National STIP (Ningbo)
Deng Xiaoping: Develop the Hi-technology, and bring it into IndustryDeng Xiaoping: Develop the Hi-technology, and bring it into Industry
Jiang Zemin: To construct the STIPs is the most important pioneering Jiang Zemin: To construct the STIPs is the most important pioneering work in the 20th century. work in the 20th century.
Locations
STIPs-Favourable locationsSTIPs-Favourable locations ::• 29 in central cities with intensive
intellectual resources and sound
industrial bases
• 13 in coastal cities with better
conditions of opening-up to
outside world
• 12 in the cities with intensive
military industries and traditional
industrial bases.
Current Situation
Current Situation
Current Situation
Current Situation
Current Situation
Current Situation
Administration Scheme
Innovation clusterThe reason for existence and goal for development of STIPs in China
An innovation cluster is a pool of innovation resources.An innovation cluster is a pool of innovation resources. The highly efficient operation mechanism resulted from long-term competition and cooperation as well as the ever-improving innovation circumstance makes it possible for an innovation cluster to continuously attract innovation resources including talents and capital, etc.
An innovation clusters is a network within which various innovation players are linked An innovation clusters is a network within which various innovation players are linked via value chain or industrial chain.via value chain or industrial chain. Competition and cooperation makes the players more and more synchronized and a symbiotic ecosystem is gradually established.
An innovation cluster is an interest community.An innovation cluster is an interest community. The enterprises in the cluster compete with each other to obtain the maximum benefit within the cluster and this “small competition” is usually temporary while the unified competition with external industrial counterparts is to dominate the higher-end of the global value chain and such competition is for survival and permanent.
An innovation cluster is the headstream of innovation.An innovation cluster is the headstream of innovation. The players in the cluster share the new technology and products brought out by the revolving process of combination, communication, cooperation and competition.
An innovation cluster is an innovation-oriented opening society.An innovation cluster is an innovation-oriented opening society. The innovation culture is gradually rooted in the cluster by the convergence of innovative and entrepreneurial spirits of the players. As a result of the moving in and moving out of the different players driven by this culture, the cluster becomes a vigorous innovation headstream.
The Development Status of Innovation Clusters in STIPs
1. Apparent conglomeration of higher-end industries About 150 industrial cluster among 1300 cluster across the
country, mainly in new & high-tech sectors STIPs have attracted quite a number higher-end clusters in
the sectors of hi-tech service, software, IC, new energy, bio-pharmaceutical, optical-telecom, etc.
Typical clusters: • Zhongguancun(Beijing): Creative & software industry• Donghu(Wuhan): optoelectronics• Zhangjiang(Shanghai): IC and pharmaceutical• Tianjin: biotech and new energy• Shenzhen: telecommunication• Zhengzhou: Super-hard materials• …
The Development Status of Innovation Clusters in STIPs
Main Features Industrial scale and brand name being formed,
gradually penetrating into international market Comparatively complete industrial value chain Innovation system basically shaped up Moving up to higher end of value chain New industries emerge continuously
The Development Status of Innovation Clusters in STIPs
2. The technology innovation system is forming up Human resources: The STIPs have attracted
• 560,000 technological people • 52,103 master graduates, • 9,358 PHDs• 5,615 returned overseas scholars• 1, 330,000 college graduates (accounting for 1/3 of 4 million
employees in all national STIPs) More than 250 Technology Business incubators and a
batch of postdoctoral working station have been sep up R&D Strength
• R&D investment: 8 times higher than national average• R&D investment per capita: 6 times higher than national average
The Development Status of Innovation Clusters in STIPs
2. The technology innovation system is forming up (Cont.)– Closer cooperation between university, research
institutions and STIPs– Local Innofund and VC Fund of funds are being set
up in STIPs– Networking such as industrial technology alliances
are coming forth – International cooperation prevalent
The Development Status of Innovation Clusters in STIPs
3. Challenges: Endogenetic mechanism and entrepreneurial
environment still to be perfected; innovation capacity of enterprises still insufficient due to lack of core or key technologies
Business relevancy not high, more focus on “conglomeration” than “clusters”, which in most cases are still in primary phases
Industrial features and advantages not prominent, lower end of the value chain
Unbalanced development among regions and areas with
significant differences
Policies
Latest Policies Income tax exemption for first 2 years since profit-making and a reduced tax
rate at 15% for the 3rd year on Exemptions of operation, income, property and land use taxes within a
certain period for ratified Technology Business Incubators and National University Science Parks
Pilot OTC (over the counter) system in Zhongguancun for unlisted high-tech companies
Policies
New Historical Mission: A quaternity positioning
Strategies for future development
“ Strengthening the capacity of independent innovation and building an innovation-based country”- A national target proposed by the central government at the beginning of 2006. A technological innovation system is to be established
within which• The enterprises will be the main players
• The market-orientation will be kept and
• The cooperation between industry, educational and research side
will be strengthened
Strategies for future development
“ The Compendium of the National Long Term Science and Technology Development Plan (2006-2020)” and its supplementary policies will facilitate the establishment of the technological innovation system by improving the overall conditions: R&D Investment Tax Incentives Financial Support Government Purchase Re-innovation based on absorbing new technology from
abroad and independent digestion Creation and Protection of Intellectual Properties
Policy Improvement & Network Building
1. To improve the policy environment of STIPs Preferential fiscal and financial policies Intellectual Property Protection Government Purchase
2. To construct the service networks (which are the key part to promote the development of innovation clusters) To attract intermediary service providers into the parks To construct the information service network To set up various business associations and clubs
Promoting Interaction & Partnership
3. To promote the cluster-model innovation activities
The soul of the innovation clusters is the clustering innovation among the enterprises and so we have to Support the leading business and nurture SMEs to bring
into full play of their respective innovation advantages. Increase the investment into guiding fund to attract more
social capital to sustain the long term and continual innovation Attract and train the high-end professionals to ensure the non-
exhausted innovation headspring Encourage the inner and outer cooperation between the
businesses, universities and research institutions to integrate
them into an interest community Set up various industrial technology alliances industry to
break up the common technology barriers
Innovation Clusters
Ind. Edu. & Res.
Industrial Alliances
Policy People
Capital Market
Technology
Strengthening International Cooperation
4. To establish service platforms for international cooperation Innovation clusters are an open clusters and the
international capital, technology, human resources and information are all the propelling power for their development and growth. Therefore, all the STIPs in China are establishing various service platforms to make full use of the international innovation resources including capital, technology, information and talented people.
ZhongGuancun park
Zhongguancun Park
The First National STIP in ChinaZhongguancun Science Park
the embryonic period: 1980 - 1988 the development period: 1988-1999 the growth period: 1999 to now
Leadership: more than 10,000 enterprises in the park and the total economic volume of the park is leading the 54 state-level high-tech
areas in the whole country RIS: Haidian Park has maintained its leading position in the regional
economy and the comparison among the multiple parks in
ZhongGuancun Science Park.
“Ten parks”: 232 square kilometers
No. of High-tech Companies at ZGC Park
02000400060008000
10000120001400016000180002000022000
Growth of Total Income
0100020003000400050006000700080009000
10000
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
亿元
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
%
总收入增长速度
Hundred million yuan
Total income
Growth rate
Income structure
44.7% Sino-foreign joint
ventures, Sino-foreign
cooperative enterprises and
wholly foreign-owned
enterprises
7.6% private enterprises
32.6% limited liability
company
0.1%
Other
3.9%
State-owned
0.1%
Collectively-owned10.9% joint stock limited
company
国有 集体 股份有限 有限责任 私营 三资 其他State-ownedCollectively-
ownedJoint stock limited
company Limited liability
company
Private enterprises
Sino-foreign joint ventures, Sino-
foreign cooperative enterprises and wholly foreign-
owned enterprises
Other
Industrial Structure
electronics and information manufacturing industry
optical, mechanical and electronic integration
New material, new energy and environment science
new medicine bioengineering
others
Structure of Revenue
electronics and information manufacturing industry
optical, mechanical and electronic integration
new medicine bioengineering
New material, new energy and environment science
others
Total revenue and Gross industrial output value
100million
Taxes and Foreign exchange-earning
Companies with operating income greater than 100million
Success factors
Talents CirculationS&T Network with Univs and InstitutesCapital: Foreign investmentR&D expense Preferential policiesInternational Cooperation
LOGO