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CHINA: RELACIONESCHINA: RELACIONESINTERNACIONALESINTERNACIONALES
EUGENIO ANGUIANOEUGENIO ANGUIANO
Curso para becariosCurso para becarios
UNAMUNAM
15 de15 de agostoagosto de 2007de 2007
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TodayToday ChinaChina has thirty-three administrative units directly under the central government.
They consist of twenty-two provinces, five autonomous regions, four municipalities, andtwo special administrative regions. The names of most of these provinces have beenused for many centuries. The government of the Peoples Republic also claims theisland of Taiwan.
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Constituciones polConstituciones pol tica y cartas magnas de latica y cartas magnas de la
RepRepblica Popular Chinablica Popular China
Programa ComPrograma Comnn de la Conferencia Consultivade la Conferencia Consultiva
polpoltica del Pueblo Chino (29 de septiembre detica del Pueblo Chino (29 de septiembre de1949). 60 art1949). 60 artculos en 7 capculos en 7 captulos.tulos. Primera ConstituciPrimera Constitucinn (28 de septiembre de(28 de septiembre de
1954). Pre1954). Prembulo y 106 artmbulo y 106 artculos en 4 capculos en 4 captulos.tulos. Segunda ConstituciSegunda Constitucinn (17 de enero de 1975).(17 de enero de 1975).PrePrembulo y 30 artmbulo y 30 artculos en 4 capculos en 4 captulos.tulos. Tercera ConstituciTercera Constitucinn (5 de marzo de 1978).(5 de marzo de 1978).
PrePrembulo y 60 artmbulo y 60 artculos en 4 capculos en 4 captulos.tulos. Cuarta ConstituciCuarta Constitucinn (4 de diciembre de 1982).(4 de diciembre de 1982).PrePrembulo y 138 artmbulo y 138 artculos en 4 capculos en 4 captulostulos..
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PRESIDENTES DE LA REPUBLICA POPULAR CHINA(1949 2005)
1. MAO ZEDONG Asumi el 27 de septiembre de 1954
2. LIU SHAOQI Asumi el 27 de abril de 1959
VACANTE Noviembre 1968- enero 1975
ABOLIDO Enero 1975 diciembre 1982
3. LI XIANNIAN Asumi el 8 de Junio de 19834. YAN SHANGKUN Asumi el 8 de abril de 1983
5. JIANG ZEMIN Electo por APN, 27 de marzo de 1993
6. HU JINTAO Electo por APN, 15 de marzo de 2003
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Asamblea Popular NacionalAsamblea Popular Nacional
Primer congreso, 15Primer congreso, 15--28 de septiembre de 195428 de septiembre de 1954 Segundo congreso, 17 de abril de 1963Segundo congreso, 17 de abril de 1963 Tercer congreso, noviembre de 1963Tercer congreso, noviembre de 1963 Cuarto congreso, 13Cuarto congreso, 13--17 de enero de 197317 de enero de 1973 Quinto congreso, 26 de febreroQuinto congreso, 26 de febrero--5 de marzo de 19785 de marzo de 1978 Sexto congreso, 6Sexto congreso, 6--21 de junio de 198321 de junio de 1983 SSptimo congreso, 25 de marzoptimo congreso, 25 de marzo--13 de abril de 198813 de abril de 1988
Octavo congreso, 15Octavo congreso, 15--31 de marzo de 199331 de marzo de 1993 Noveno congreso, 5Noveno congreso, 5--16 de marzo de 199816 de marzo de 1998 DDcimo congreso, 5cimo congreso, 5--19 de marzo de 200319 de marzo de 2003
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221111 (12(12--18 de agosto de 1977)18 de agosto de 1977)Presidente,Presidente, HuaHua GoufengGoufengVicepresidentesVicepresidentes: Ye: Ye JianyingJianying; Deng Xiaoping; Li; Deng Xiaoping; LiXiannianXiannian; Wang; Wang DongxinDongxin
1212 (1(1--11 de11 de septiembreseptiembre de 1982)de 1982)SecretarioSecretario General,General, HuHu YaobangYaobang
MiembrosMiembros: Deng Xiaoping; Zhao: Deng Xiaoping; Zhao ZiyangZiyang; Li; Li XiannianXiannian;;ChenChen YunYun
1313 (25 de octubre(25 de octubre--1 de noviembre de 1987)1 de noviembre de 1987)
Secretario General,Secretario General,
ZhaoZhao
ZiyangZiyang
Miembros:Miembros: LiLi PengPeng;; QiaoQiao ShiShi;; HuHu Pili;Pili; YaoYao YilinYilin
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MaximatoMaximato
Era deEra de MaoMao ZedongZedong, 1931, 1931--19761976
Era de transiciEra de transicin, septiembre 1976n, septiembre 1976--juniojunio19811981
Era deEra de DengDeng XiapingXiaping,, c.c. noviembre denoviembre de19791979--octubre de 1992octubre de 1992
Era deEra de JiangJiang ZemingZeming,, c.c. octubre de 1992octubre de 1992--c.c.
noviembre de 2003noviembre de 2003 Cuarta generaciCuarta generacin de ln de lderes,deres, c.c.noviembre de 2003noviembre de 2003
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RPC: RELACIONES CON EL EXTERIORRPC: RELACIONES CON EL EXTERIOR
19491949--19601960
China surge de la Guerra Mundial II como potencia global.China surge de la Guerra Mundial II como potencia global.
Establecimiento del la RPC: posicin de EE UU y primerosEstablecimiento del la RPC: posicin de EE UU y primerosreconocimientos internacionales.reconocimientos internacionales.
Inclinacin a un solo lado: Tratado sinoInclinacin a un solo lado: Tratado sino--sovitico (1950).sovitico (1950).
Guerra de Corea 1950Guerra de Corea 1950--1953.1953.Lnea de Bandung 1954Lnea de Bandung 1954--1959: coexistencia pacfica.1959: coexistencia pacfica.
Debate sinoDebate sino--sovitico 1956sovitico 1956--1960.1960.
La Guerra Fra en Asia: contencin del comunismo chino.La Guerra Fra en Asia: contencin del comunismo chino.China y el Tercer MundoChina y el Tercer Mundo
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CHINA: RELACIONES CON EL EXTERIORCHINA: RELACIONES CON EL EXTERIOR
19771977--20072007
Apertura poltica de China y su conflicto con la URSSApertura poltica de China y su conflicto con la URSS
19711971--1979.1979.Diplomacia multilateral china en dcada de los 80.Diplomacia multilateral china en dcada de los 80.
Las 4 modernizaciones e inicio de la apertura econmicaLas 4 modernizaciones e inicio de la apertura econmica19801980--1990.1990.
El derrumbe del socialismo real y la reaccin de ChinaEl derrumbe del socialismo real y la reaccin de China19891989--1992.1992.
Posicionamiento de China en la geopoltica mundial 1993Posicionamiento de China en la geopoltica mundial 1993--
2007.2007.Relaciones MxicoRelaciones Mxico--China en contextos regional y globalChina en contextos regional y global
19771977--2007.2007.
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CHINAS POSITION IN THE WORLDCHINAS POSITION IN THE WORLD
First place by populationFirst place by population
Fourth place by territory (third if Taiwan is included)Fourth place by territory (third if Taiwan is included)
Sixth place by size of total GDP at market exchange rates valuaSixth place by size of total GDP at market exchange rates valuationtion
107107THTH Place by GDP per capita at market exchange rates valuationPlace by GDP per capita at market exchange rates valuation
Third place by exports of goods and commoditiesThird place by exports of goods and commodities
The country has registered the fastest GDP growth on a sustainabThe country has registered the fastest GDP growth on a sustainablelebasis (Last 20 to 25 years)basis (Last 20 to 25 years)10 years averages, total real GDP (IMF):10 years averages, total real GDP (IMF):19891989--1999 = 9.6 %1999 = 9.6 %19991999--2008 = 9.4 %2008 = 9.4 %
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PODER ECONMICOPODER ECONMICOPARTICIPACIN POR PAS ENPARTICIPACIN POR PAS EN PIB, EXPORTACIONES BIENES Y SERVICIOS Y POBLACIN MUNDIAL, 2006PIB, EXPORTACIONES BIENES Y SERVICIOS Y POBLACIN MUNDIAL, 200611
((porcentaje del total mundial)
PIBMUNDIAL
EXPORTACIONMUNDIAL
POBLACIONMUNDIAL
EE UU 20.9 10.3 4.7
CHINA 13.2 5.9 20.7
JAPON 6.9 5.7 2.0
INDIA 5.9 1.1 17.0
ALEMANIA 4.3 9.5 1.3
BRASIL 2.6 1.0 2.9
MEXICO 1.8 1.2 1.7
1 Participaciones PIB basadas en valoracin de la paridad del poder adqusitivo.Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook, April 2007, p. 204.
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COMPONENTS OF GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT 2005COMPONENTS OF GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT 2005
COMPONENTS OF GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT 2005COMPONENTS OF GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT 2005 %%OF TOTALOF TOTAL
Private consumptionPrivate consumption 38.038.0
Government consumptionGovernment consumption 13.913.9
Gross fixed investmentGross fixed investment 41.541.5
Exports of goods and servicesExports of goods and services 36.736.7
Imports of goods and servicesImports of goods and services --31.331.3
Source: Economist Intelligence Unit,Source: Economist Intelligence Unit, Country Report, June 2007.Country Report, June 2007.CHINACHINA, p. 5., p. 5.
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Real GDP,Real GDP, annualannual percentajepercentaje changechange(IMF,(IMF, WorldWorld EconomicEconomic Outlook,Outlook,AprilApril 20072007))
3.13.13.43.4MexicoMexico
3.13.12.02.0BrazilBrazil
3.13.13.13.1LatinLatin AmericaAmerica && CaribbeanCaribbean7.07.05.75.7IndiaIndia
9.49.49.69.6ChinaChina
7.97.97.37.3DevelopingDeveloping AsiaAsia
6.46.43.83.8DevelopingDeveloping economieseconomies
2.62.62.72.7AdvancedAdvanced economieseconomies4.44.43.23.2WorldWorld
19991999--2008200819891989--9999
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Obstacles to the goal of reachingObstacles to the goal of reaching
harmonious societyharmonious society To move around 300 million peasants to urban centres inTo move around 300 million peasants to urban centres in
the coming 15 yearsthe coming 15 years
While accounting for 4% of global GDP, ChinaWhile accounting for 4% of global GDP, Chinaaccounted in 2005 for 12% of global consumption ofaccounted in 2005 for 12% of global consumption ofenergy resources, 15% of water, 28% of steel, 25% ofenergy resources, 15% of water, 28% of steel, 25% of
aluminium, and 50% of cementaluminium, and 50% of cement Of the more then 700m employees, only 124m haveOf the more then 700m employees, only 124m have
medical insurance.medical insurance.
45% of urban and 80% of rural population do not have45% of urban and 80% of rural population do not havemedical coveragemedical coverage
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DIPLOMATIC REACHDIPLOMATIC REACH
China is one of the five permanentChina is one of the five permanentmembers of the U. N. Security Councilmembers of the U. N. Security Council
In 2003 she had full diplomatic relationsIn 2003 she had full diplomatic relationswith 164 countrieswith 164 countries
She has 164 Embassies and 61 GeneralShe has 164 Embassies and 61 General
Consulates abroadConsulates abroad She is 7th major shareholder of the WorldShe is 7th major shareholder of the World
Bank and quota payer to the IMFBank and quota payer to the IMF
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MISSIONS OVERSEASMISSIONS OVERSEAS
AfricaAfrica: 47: 47 EmbassiesEmbassies andand 88 ConsulatesConsulates GeneralGeneral
Asia: 42Asia: 42 EmbassiesEmbassies andand 1818 ConsulatesConsulates GeneralGeneral
EuropeEurope: 43: 43 EmbassiesEmbassies andand 1717 ConsulatesConsulatesGeneralGeneral
OceaniaOceania
: 9: 9
EmbassiesEmbassies
andand
44
ConsulatesConsulates
GeneralGeneral
WesternWestern HemisphereHemisphere: 23: 23 EmbassiesEmbassies andand 1414
ConsulatesConsulates GeneralGeneral
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MultilateralMultilateral DiplomacyDiplomacy ChinaChina isis membermemberof moreof more thanthan 130130 interinter--
govermentalgovermental internationalinternational organizationsorganizations China hasChina has signedsigned moremore thanthan 250250
internationalinternational multilateralmultilateral treatiestreaties ChinasChinas PeacefulPeaceful DevelopmentDevelopment RoadRoad
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HU JINTAOS THERORY OF THEHU JINTAOS THERORY OF THE
THREE HARMONIESTHREE HARMONIES
,, seekingseeking peacepeace inin thethe worldworld
,, reconciliationreconciliation withwith TaiwanTaiwan
,, harmonyharmony inin chinesechinese societysociety
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MILITARY POWERMILITARY POWER
Defense Expenditures as % of GDP andDefense Expenditures as % of GDP and
Financial Expenditures 2003Financial Expenditures 2003
U.S. Russia Japan ChinaU.S. Russia Japan ChinaDefense expenditure as % of GDP 3.60 2.64 0.99Defense expenditure as % of GDP 3.60 2.64 0.99 1.631.63
Defense exp. as % of financial exp. 1.20 14.69 6.06Defense exp. as % of financial exp. 1.20 14.69 6.06 7.747.74
Source:Source: Chinas National Defense in 2004. Govt. White Papers 2005,IV 2&3.
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CHINAS OTHER MILITARY FIGURESCHINAS OTHER MILITARY FIGURES
Active ground forces, 1.6 millionActive ground forces, 1.6 million
Air force: fighters 1,500Air force: fighters 1,500bombers 780bombers 780 Naval forces: Destroyers 21, Frigates 43, DieselNaval forces: Destroyers 21, Frigates 43, Diesel
submarines 51, nuclear submarines 6submarines 51, nuclear submarines 6
Long range missiles (est. 8.5 thousandLong range missiles (est. 8.5 thousandkilometers) ICBM, 20/20kilometers) ICBM, 20/20
First manned spacecraft launched in OctoberFirst manned spacecraft launched in October2003, and two2003, and two--person crew in September 2005person crew in September 2005
Source:Source: U.S. DOD, The Military Power of the Peoples Republic of China 2005
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EastEastAsianAsian EconomicEconomic CommunityCommunity
EastEast AsianAsian EconomicEconomic CaucusCaucus,, earlyearly 1990s1990s
Asean FTAAsean FTA
ChinaChina andand AseanAsean talkstalks onon a freea free tradetrade accordaccord(2002). China(2002). China--Asean FTEAsean FTE withinwithin 1010 yearsyears
Asean+3Asean+3 EastEast AsianAsian EconomicEconomic CommunityCommunity ((JulyJuly 2004)2004)
Asean+6, KualaAsean+6, Kuala LumpurLumpur(12(12--2005)2005)
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