China Seminar Final

8/6/2019 China Seminar Final

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THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

Presented by:

Mahaneesh Chandra

and

Md. Yusuf Munshi 1


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LOCATION

China is the largest

country entirely in Asia.

China is bordered by

Russia, India,Afghanistan, Bhutan,

Myanmar, Kazakhstan,

North Korea, Kyrgyzstan,

Laos, Macau (semi-

autonomous), Mongolia,Nepal, Pakistan,

Tajikistan, and Vietnam.

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CAPITAL

Beijing is the capital of China.

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PRESIDENT OF CHINA

Hu Jintao is President

of China.

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FLAG

China's flag is red

with five golden-

yellow stars.

Big star- leadership ofthe communist party.

4 small stars:

Workers,peasants,

petty bourgeois,patriotic capitalists.

RED- comminism

Gold- Yellow race5


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CURRENCY

Chinas Currency is

Yuan.

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CHINAOFFICIAL LANGUAGE

Mandarin Chinese is the official language.

Leading industries in china:

1. Power industry.

2. Automotive industry.

3. Real estate sector.

4. Heavy chemical industry.

5. Infrastructure sector.

6. IT sector

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POPULATION

China has the largest population of any country

in the world.

The population of China is about 1,321,851,000(as of July, 2007).

China is divided into 23 provinces, 5 autonomous

regions, and 4 municipalities.

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RELIGIOUS BELIEF IN CHINA

China is a country with a great diversity of

religious beliefs.

The main religions are Buddhism, Confucianism,Taoism, Islam, Catholicism and Protestantism.

Citizens of China may freely choose and express

their religious beliefs, and make clear theirreligious affiliations.

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LEGAL SYSTEM OF CHINA

Structure of Government

Executive Branch- the President and theVice President.

Legislative Branch- The National Peoples Congress (NPC)

is deemed to be the highest organ of state power.

Judicial Branch- consists of the peoples courts, the

Supreme Peoples Court, the peoples procuratorates, theSupreme Peoples Procuratorate, military procuratorates

and other special peoples procuratorates.

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LEGAL SYSTEM OF CHINA

Law practice in China

Civil Law

Criminal Law

Administrative Law

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POLITICAL SYSTEM

1949 China transformed into a Socialist Economy

by Marxist.

In 1949 the Communist Government hasacquired majority of the sectors and remaining

17% in 1952.

State power within the People's Republic of

China (PRC) is exercised through the Communist

Party of China

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CCHINAHINABBACKGROUNDACKGROUND

` 1949 China transformed into a Socialist Economy by Marxist.

` After war with Japan in 1945 many mines and factories were

destroyed.

` The Soviet troops has dismantled half the industrial area &

shipped to Soviet Union.

` In 1949 the Communist Government has acquired majority of

the sectors and remaining 17% in 1952.

` The Communist Government has started implementing

policies for the development of powerful Communist Country.13


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CCHINAHINA19521952--19571957

` The First Five year plan implemented(1953-57).

` Plan was implemented by adopting the Soviet

Model.

` Rigid policies and framework implemented for the

Growth.

` By 1956 67.5% enterprises were state owned and

remaining 32.5% jointly public-private owned.

` Heavy industries i.e. Iron, Steel, Coal, Mine etc were

pressurized for the inception of Development.14


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19701970--7878

` In early 70s the radical group GangGang ofof FourFour attempted to dominate

the power of the center.

` After the fall of Gang of Four in 1975, new policies were framed and

encouragement to increase Foreign trade was given.

` Also the exchanges of students and foreign experts with the

developed countries were to be encourage.

` The economy quickly recovered from the Stagnation period between

1976 and 1978 from Cultural revolution.

` Industrial output jumped to 14% in 1977 and increased by 13% in

1978.

` An Era of Development was laid down by the Communists.

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CHINESE ECONOMY

Main industries- mining and ore processing, iron, steel,

aluminum, and other metals, coal; machine building; armaments;textiles and apparel; petroleum; cement; chemicals; fertilizers;

consumer products, including footwear, toys, and electronics; food

processing; transportation equipment, including automobiles, rail

cars and locomotives, ships, and aircraft; telecommunications

equipment, commercial space launch vehicles, satellites. Exports- US$1.506 trillion (2010).

Export goods- electrical and other machinery, includingdata processing equipment, apparel, textiles, iron and steel,

optical and medical equipment etc.

Imports- US$1.307 trillion (2010).

Import goods electrical and other machinery, oil and mineral

fuels, optical and medical equipment, metal ores, plastics etc.

FDI stock- $100 billion (2010) 16


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CCHINESEHINESE EECONOMYCONOMY

The People's Republic of China is the world's second

largest economy after the United States.

It is the world's fastest-growing major economy,

with average growth rates of10% for the past 30years.

China is also the largest exporter and second largest

importer of goods in the world.

China became the world's top manufacturer in 2011.

In 2010, FDI into China surpassed $100bn for the

first time, and investment overseas by Chinese

companies in non-financial sectors totaled $59

billion.


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CCHINESEHINESE EECONOMYCONOMY

Fiscal year- Calendar year 01 January to 31 December.

Trade organisations- WTO, APEC, G-20 and others.

GDP- $5.88 trillion (nominal: 2nd; 2010) AND $10.08 trillion(PPP: 2nd; 2010).

GDP growth- 10.46% (major economies: 1st; 2010). GDP per capita- $4,283

GDP by sector- industry (46.8%), services (43.6%),agriculture (9.6%) (2010 est.).

Labour force- 819.5 million (1st; 2009). Labour force by occupation- agriculture (39.5%),

industry (27.2%), services (33.2%) (2008).

Unemployment- 4.2% (July 2010) 18


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EECONOMICCONOMIC RREFORMSEFORMS

` In late 1970 and early 1980 Trade with other

countries were allowed.

` Economic zones created for attracting the Foreign

Direct Investment (FDI).

` Privilege to farmers for selling out their surplus crop

in the open market was allowed.

` Township Village Enterprises (TVE) were

established.

` Creation of Special Economic Zones19


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LLATEATE 19801980ANDAND 19901990

` Creating a pricing system and decreasing the role of state

in resource allocations

` Administratively driven command economy transformed

to a price driven market economy

` Closing of unprofitable enterprises

` Dealing with insolvency in the banking system.

` Constraints on foreign trade were relaxed, and joint

ventures with foreign firms were officially encouraged as

sources of modern technology and scarce foreign exchange

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EECONOMICCONOMIC RREFORMSEFORMS A ACHIEVEMENTCHIEVEMENT

` The real GDP on average grows to 9% a year.

` People below poverty line (BPL) has reduced to a

large extent.

` Increase in foreign exchange reserves.

` China has became second largest economy after

USA.` Between 1996-2000 China cumulatively approved

104,621 foreign invested enterprises, with a

commitments of US 279.984 billion.

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GGLOBALLOBAL OOUTLOOKUTLOOK

` DEMAND GROWTH CONCENTRATED IN ASIA

FOR NEXT TEN YEARS ESPECIALLY CHEMICAL

GRADES

` CHINA WILL CONTINUE TO GROW AND

DOMINATE SUPPLY DESPITE HIGHER COSTS

` CHINA INTERNAL DEMAND WILL GROW AT 40 -

50% RATE

` ASIA PRICES WILL BE $300 500/MT LOWER

THAN US AND EU22


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CCOMMUNISTOMMUNIST TOTO CCAPITALISTAPITALIST

`

China transformed its economy into Capitalist economy by openingthe doors for the foreign trade.

` Challenges for the Communist to Capitalist!!

Growth in inequality of Income

Corruption and Crime

Inflation

Unfavorable demographics

Domestic and international imbalances.

Financially distressed state-owned and

state-influenced enterprises.

A dysfunctional financial system

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RRISEISE ININ GDPGDP

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OOUTCOMESUTCOMES OFOF TRANSFORMATIONTRANSFORMATION

Collective

22%

State

Owned

78%

1979

State owned

24%

Collective

14%

Individuals

6%

Other Types

56%

2000

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SSLEEPINGLEEPING DDRAGONRAGONAAWAKESWAKES

` China has been called as People Bomb due to increase inpopulation.

` Growth rate of population estimated at 14mn per year.

` Unemployment is about 20 percent.

` HIV/AIDS is spreading .

` Corruption

` Fear of global pandemic Bird Flu because of worlds biggest

poultry population.

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IS CHINA THREAT TO INDIA?

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China Seminar Final

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