Chinese Cuisine

Contents

Reading A1

Simulated Writing2

Additional Knowledge 3

Chinese Food Culture

1. Shandong Cuisine Major characteristics of Shandong Cuisine: 1) Prepared with a wide variety of materials, cooking

method and seafood. 2) A pure, strong and mellow taste, rather than a mixed

taste. 3) Shandong Cuisine is known for its excellent seafood

dishes and delicious soup. Famous dishes: Stir Fried Prawns, Fried Sea Cucumbers

with Onions, Sweet and Sour Carp, etc.

2. Sichuan Cuisine

The main- characteristics of Sichuan Cuisine: 1) Prepared with a wide variety of ingredients. 2) Presenting various shapes and tastes, and famous for

spicy food, fish-flavored shredded pork and food with odd taste.

3) Boasting numerous cooking techniques, such as stir frying, frying, stir-frying before stewing, and braising.

Famous dishes: Stir-fried Diced Chicken with Chilli and Peanuts, Stir-fried Bean Curd in Hot Sauce, Fish-flavored Shredded Pork, Stir-fried Sliced Beef, etc.

3. Guangdong Cuisine Guangdong Cuisine, one of the main cuisine styles in China, is

composed of Guangzhou, Chaozhou and Dongjiang cuisine. With the advantages of all delicacies from all over the country, Guangdong Cuisine has gradually formed its own characteristics - using a wide variety of ingredients, offering food of all tastes, shapes and colors, good at changing, and serving light food in summer and autumn, and strong and mellow food in winter and spring. Guangdong Cuisine features sour, bitter, spicy and delicious tastes with a clear and fragrant smell. Guangdong snacks are peculiar about ingredients, some sweet and some salty, enjoying the reputation of "100 kinds of snacks having 100 tastes and 100 shapes." There is an old saying: "Guangdong serves best food in the country." Now we can say: "Guangdong offers delicacies from all over the world."

Famous dishes: Fried Bean Curd and Fresh Shrimps, Baiyun Pig‘s Trotters, Roast Piglet with Crisp Skin, Dongjiang Salted Chicken, Refreshing Beef Balls, Taiye Chicken, Fried Jelly Fish, etc.

4. ·Fujian Cuisine Fujian Cuisine have the following characteristics: 1) Chefs are skilled in the use of a kitchen knife, full of interest. 2) The Fujian people are peculiar about soup, which is full of changes. 3) A wide variety of seasonings are used, with unique characteristics. 4) Dishes are meticulously prepared, refined and graceful. 5) Fujian Cuisine is characterized by clear, refreshing, delicious and

light tastes, slightly sweet and sour. Typical famous dishes: Monk Jumps over Wall, sea clams in Chicken

Soup, Glossy Ganoderma and Jade Cicadas, Litchi Pulp, Fragrant Sliced Snails with a Faint Smell of Distillers‘ Grains, Jadeite Pearl Abalone, Chicken with Distillers‘ Grains,

5. Jiangsu Cuisine The main characteristics of Jiangsu cuisine: 1) Distinguished for exquisite ingredients, freshness and aliveness. 2) High cutting techniques. 3) Have a good command of duration and degree of heating and

cooking. 4) Good at keeping the original taste one particular taste for one dish.

All dishes have light, mellow and refreshing tastes. Yangzhou Cuisine is light and elegant; Suzhou Cuisine is slightly sweet; and Wuxi Cuisine is fairly sweet.

5) Pay great attention to soup, which is strong but not greasy, and delicious.

Famous dishes: Butterfish in Creamy Juice, Santao Duck, Steamed Large Meatballs, Fragrant and Soft Silverfish, Crystal Pig‘s Trotters, Steamed Hilsa Herring, King Bids Farewell to His Consort, etc

6. ·Zhejiang Cuisine

Of a large number local cuisine styles, Zhejiang Cuisine occupies an important position and mainly consists of Hangzhou, Ningbo, Shaoxing and Wenzhou cuisine styles, each having its own local characteristics.

Famous dishes: West Lake Sour Fish, Dongpo Pork, Longjing Shrimp Meat, Jiaohua Young Chickens, Steam Rice Flower and Pork Wrapped by Lotus Leaves, Braised Bamboo Shoots and Whitefish with Fermented Glutinous Rice.

7. Hunan Cuisine

Hunan Cuisine has three characteristics: 1) Skilful use of a kitchen knife, a delicious taste and a

beautiful shape. 2) Known for sour and spicy dishes by adding various kinds

of seasonings. 3) Adopting a wide variety of techniques. Famous dishes: Spicy Young Chicken, Fried Fish Slices,

Steamed Soft-Shell Turtle, Steamed Cured Meat, Huofang Whitebait, Dongting Fat Fish Maw, Jishou Sour Meat, Oily and Spicy Tender Bamboo Shoots, and Chinese Chestnuts and Hearts of Cabbages.

8. Anhui Cuisine

Anhui Cuisine has the following four characteristics: 1) Using a wide variety of ingredients. 2) Adopting unique techniques. 3) Paying great attention to nutritious food. 4) Offering various kinds of dishes, some of which are full

of local flavor. Famous dishes: Milky Fat Fish King, Stewed Mati Soft-

shelled Turtle in Clear Soup, Guest Welcoming Pine, Crucian Carp in Earthen Pot, Fuliji Chicken, Red Bayberry and Glutinous Rice Balls, etc. Local snacks include Butterfly Noodles, White Gourd Dumplings, Frozen Rice Sugar, Tunxi Liquor-saturated Crabs, etc.

Important Words

Cuisine 　　　　　　　烹饪 Condiment 　　　　　调味品 Lard 　　　　　　　　猪油 Sauce 　　　　　　　调味汁 Oyster sauce 　　　　蚝油 Soy sauce 　　　　　　酱油 Vinegar 　　　　　　　醋 Jam 　　　　　　　　　酱 Chili sauce 　　　　　辣酱 Spice 　　　　　　　　香料 Stir-fry 　　　　　　　（用旺火）快炒 Sauté 　　　　　　　煎．炸 Dry braise 　　　　　干煸 Braise 　　　　　　炖，焖 Stew 　　　　　　　用文火煮，炖，焖

Crystallize 　　　　使．．．结晶 Corn flour 　　　　玉米粉 Dice 　　　　　　　将．．．切成

丁 Chafing 　　　　　火锅 Wild edible herb 　　食用草药 Ferment 　　　　　发酵 Mildness 　　　　　淡的 Pickled 　　　　　　腌制的 Pickled meat 　　　腊肉 Rock candy 　　　　冰糖 Shred 　　　　　　　切碎 Sea cucumber 　　　　海参 Mandarin fish 　　　　桂鱼

Simulated Writing Assorted Cold Dishes: Cold chicken with green onion oil 葱油白鸡 Cucumber with sweet and sour 　　　糖醋黄瓜 Deep fried shrimps 　　　　　　　　油爆虾 Dry minced meat 　　　　　　　　　肉松 Fish in soy sauce 　　　　　　　　　熏鱼 Fish jelly 　　　　　　　　　　　　　拌海蛰 Five flavor spiced beef 　　　　　　　五香牛肉 Grilled pork 　　　　　　　　　　　叉烧 Poached chicken 　　　　　　　　　白切鸡 Preserved duck eggs 　　　　　　　松花蛋．皮蛋 Preserved vegetable, Sichuan style 　　酸辣菜 Salted duck eggs 　　　　　　　　　咸鸭蛋 Salted water shrimps 　　　　　　　　盐水虾 Sour sweet cabbage in chili sauce 　　　辣白菜 Spiced corned beef 　　　　　　　　　　卤牛肉 Square ham 　　　　　　　　　　　　　方腿 Wine preserved crabs 　　　　　　　　　醉蟹

Fish Dish

Eggs white sauté fish 芙蓉鱼柳 Fried eel slices 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　炒鳝片 Fried yellow fish with vinegar 　　　　　　　　　　醋熘黄鱼 Mandarin fish in with brown sauce 　　　　　　　红烧桂鱼 Mandarin fish with sweet and sour 　　　　　　　糖醋桂鱼 Red cooked fish head and tail 　　　　　　　　　红烧鱼头尾 Red cooked fish slices 　　　　　　　　　　　　烧鱼块 Silver carp stuffed with pork 　　　　　　　　　　肉塞金鱼 Squirrel shaped mandarin fish 　　　　　　　　　松鼠桂鱼 Steamed mandarin fish 　　　　　　　　　　　　清蒸桂鱼 Three colour diced fish 　　　　　　　　　　　　三色鱼丁 Turtle and chicken meat 　　　　　　　　　　　　霸王别姬（甲鱼炖鸡） Yellow fish soup with pickled vegetable 　　　　　咸菜大汤黄鱼

Shrimps and Crabs

Bean curd with crabs flour 蟹粉豆腐 Fried crabs with ginger and scallions 　　　　　　炒毛蟹 Fried prawns 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　炒对虾 Green peas fried shrimps 　　　　　　　　　　　青豆虾仁 Plain sauté shrimps 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　清炒虾仁 Shrimps in tomato sauce with rice crusts, fried 　　　虾仁锅巴 Shrimps with bean curd 　　　　　　　　　　　　　虾仁豆腐 Shrimps with curry 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　咖喱虾仁 Shrimps with egg white 　　　　　　　　　　　　　芙蓉虾仁

Poultry Braised chicken in soy sauce 红烧鸡块 Chicken cubes with eggs white 　　　　　　　　　芙蓉鸡丁 Chicken in curry 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　咖喱鸡 Chicken pieces with chestnuts 　　　　　　　　　栗子鸡 Crisp duck 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　香酥鸭 Fried crisp-skinned chicken 　　　　　　　　　　　脆皮鸡 Green onion oil chicken 　　　　　　　　　　　　　葱油鸡 Kun-pao chicken cubes 　　　　　　　　　　　　　宫爆鸡丁 Nanjing preserved duck, salted 　　　　　　　　　南京板鸭 Roast Beijing duck 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　北京烤鸭 Sliced chicken with fresh mushroom 　　　　　　　鲜菇鸡片 Shredded chicken with green pepper 　　　　　　青椒鸡丝 Sauté diced chicken 　　　　　　　　　　　　　生炒鸡丁 Sauté sliced chicken and beef 　　　　　　　　　鸡片炒牛柳

Assorted Pork

Boiled pork pieces with eggs and fungus 木须肉 Capital spareribs 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　京都排骨 Dried mushroom and sliced pork 　　　　　　　　　冬菇肉片 Five fragrant pork 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　五香肉 Fried filled pork 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　炒里脊 Fried pork shredded with dried mushrooms 　　　　香菇炒肉丝 Fried pork shredded with green vegetable 　　　　　青菜炒肉丝 Julienne pork in pepper sauce 　　　　　　　　　　鱼香肉丝 Meat cutlets with peanuts 　　　　　　　　　　　　花生肉丁 Pork re-cooked in chili sauce 　　　　　　　　　　回锅肉　　 Shredded pork bean curd 　　　　　　　　　　　肉丝豆腐　　　 Shredded pork scrambled eggs 　　　　　　　　肉丝炒蛋　　 Sour and sweet pork chops 　　　　　　　　　　糖醋排骨 Sliced pork with green pepper 　　　　　　　　　青椒肉丝 Spareribs with pepper and salt 　　　　　　　　　椒盐排骨

Beef and Mutton Braise beef curry 　　咖喱牛肉 Onion sauté beef 　　洋葱牛肉 Roast beef brochettes 　　牛肉串 Sliced veal and green chili 　青椒牛肉片 Tomato fried beef 　　番茄牛肉

Egg Dish Eggs roll 蛋卷 Fried eggs 　　　　清煎蛋 Fried eggs with ham 　火腿煎蛋 Scrambled eggs with minced meat 　肉

丝炒蛋 Scrambled eggs with tomato 　番茄炒蛋

Soup Bird’s nest soup Chicken feet and dried mushroom soup Dried shrimps egg soup Eggs drop soup Hot pickled mustard-greens and dried

shrimp soup Minced meat and egg soup Pork julienne and salted pickles soup Tomato and eggs soup

Staple Food Boiled fresh meat ravioli 　　　　　　　鲜肉馄饨 Julienne chicken fried rice 　　　　　　　　　鸡丝炒饭 Eight treasure glutinous rice 　　　　　　　　八宝饭 Fried noodles with shredded pork 　　　　　　肉丝炒面 Julienne chicken fried noodles 　　　　　　　鸡丝炒面 Julienne pork fried rice 　　　　　　　　　　肉丝炒饭 Minced meat in soy beans noodles 　　　　　炸酱面 Mixed fried noodles\rice 　　　　　　　　　什锦炒面＼炒饭 Shrimps fried rice\noodles 　　　　　　　　虾仁炒饭＼炒面 Spring rolls 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　春卷 Steamed fresh meat dumpling 　　　　　　鲜肉包 Steamed mashed beans dumpling 　　　　豆沙包 Stuffed bread with crab meat 　　　　　　蟹粉烧卖 Stuffed bread with mashed dates 　　　　枣泥包 Stuffed bread with roast pork 　　　　　　　叉烧包 Thousand-layered pudding 　　　　　　　千层糕

Additional Knowledge “ 订餐”在英文中有两种说法，即 To book a table 和 make a reservation 。 在英国以及在其它很多国家，餐厅一般划分为吸烟区和非吸烟区。 一进餐厅，服务员会主动征询客人的意见，然后引领客人前往所选择的区域就餐。 Have you got a table for two please? 请问您有两个人的桌子吗？ Do you have a table for two please? 请问您有两个人的桌子吗？ Have you booked a table? 您预定餐桌了吗？ Have you made a reservation? 您预定了吗？ Smoking or non-smoking? 吸烟区还是非吸烟区？ Would you like something to drink? 您想喝什么？ Would you like to see the menu? 您需要看菜单吗？ Excuse me, could I see the menu please? 打搅一下，我能看看菜单吗？ Are you ready to order? 您现在可以点餐吗？ first course/starters 第一道菜／开胃菜 main course 主菜 dessert 甜食 Could I have the bill please? 请拿账单来，好吗？ How would you like to pay? 请问您怎样付款

Make an order 请给我菜单。

May I have a menu, please? 是否有中文菜单？ Do you have a menu in Chinese? 在用晚餐前想喝些什么吗？ Would you like something to drink before dinner? 餐厅有些什么餐前酒？ What kind of drinks do you have for an aperitif? 可否让我看看酒单？ May I see the wine list? 我可以点杯酒吗？ May I order a glass of wine? 餐厅有那几类酒？ What kind of wine do you have? 我想点当地出产的酒。 I'd like to have some local wine. 我想要喝法国红酒。 I'd like to have French red wine. 是否可建议一些不错的酒？ Could you recommend some good wine?

我可以点餐了吗？ May I order, please? 餐厅最特别的菜式是什么？ What is the specialty of the house? 餐厅有今日特餐吗？ Do you have today's special?

我可以点与那份相同的餐吗？ Can I have the same dish as that? 我想要一份开胃菜与排餐（鱼餐）。 I'd like appetizers and meat (fish) dish. 我正在节食中。 I'm on a diet. 我必须避免含油脂（盐份 / 糖份）的食物。 I have to avoid food containing fat (salt/sugar). 餐厅是否有供应素食餐？ Do you have vegetarian dishes? 你的牛排要如何烹调？ How do you like your steak? 全熟（五分熟 /全生）。 Well done (medium/rare), please.

Ask for a restaurant 是否可介绍一家附近口碑不错的餐厅 ? Could you recommend a nice restaurant near here? 我想去一家价位合理的餐厅。 I want a restaurant with reasonable prices. 我想去一家不会吵杂的餐厅。

I'd like a quiet restaurant. 我想去一家气氛欢乐、活泼的餐厅。 I'd like a restaurant with cheerful atmosphere. 是否可建议这一类的餐厅 ? Could you recommend that kind of restaurant? 此地餐厅多集中在那一区 ? Where is the main area for restaurants? 这附近是否有中国餐厅 ? Is there a Chinese restaurant around here? 这附近是否有价位不贵的餐厅 ? Are there any inexpensive restaurants near here? 你知道现在那里还有餐厅是营业的吗 ? Do you know of any restaurants open now? 我想尝试一下当地食物。 I'd like to have some local food. 最近的义大利餐厅在那里 ? Where is the nearest Italian restaurant?