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Past Chinese Governments
Dynasties since 1994 BC- Xia
Emperor has absolute power
Qing Dynasty- 1664-1911 was current dynasty until revolution
-Empress Dowager Longyu
Qing Dynasty Flag
Problems in China• Social/economic - Population increase, yet land shortage.
-Most of the population could not pay taxes. -Government spent much of the little tax
they collected -People could not legally move out of China,
yet there were no industrial jobs for them -Peasants could not pay taxes and rebelled
Problems in China• Political- -Weak Empress Dowager Longyu had absolute
power -Government positions being sold -Government officials took bribes -Heavy taxes that could not be paid• Military -Soldiers lost loyalty -Low pay
Goals of the RevolutionOverthrow Qing Dynasty; A republic Equal land distributionBetter education- girls were not allowed
admission until 1901 -Many Chinese were sent to Japan to study
because of the limited education in China
Start of a RevolutionAt first, people were not concerned about
overthrowing government, just wanted financial problems fixed
Government refused to help citizens, therefore started the revolution
Wuchang Rebellion
First rebellion
Late October- Provinces started to declare independence
November- 2/3 of China had declared independence from Qing empire
Sun Yat-sen“Father of the Revolution”Born into peasant family (China)Lived in Hawaii for a few years then became
doctorLiving in Hawaii gave him more Westernized
viewBelieved that foreign support was needed for a
successful revolution3 People’s Principles: Nationalism, Equality, and
Democracy
Foreign Support Japan:
Helped spread Sun’s revolutionary ideas Helped raise money Protected him from being assassinated
Sun also gained support from other foreign nations:
-Britain
-Hawaii
-Chinese studying abroad
Revolutionary Organizations
Revive China Society- secret society organized by Sun Yat-sen in Tokyo
-”To expel barbarians and to revive China, to establish a republic, and to distribute land equally among the people.”
Revolts• 1906- Sun Yat-sen planned to have armed
uprisings on the southern borders of China
• This would happen one province at a time until dynasty was overthrown
• Huan Hsing planned to organize revolts along the Yangtze River instead
• 1907-1910- Revolts along the Simo-Vietnamese border failed; not enough supplies or financial support
• After revolts failed, some turned to assassinations of Qing officails
OutcomeQing dynasty finally overthrown
• China becomes a republic
• Sun Yat-sen as president
--achieves nationalism and equality, but realizes China is not ready for a democracy
• China then followed the American Constitution
SignificanceAbandoned the monarchial form of government
China became a republic; only country in Asia to at the time
People had power
•EVERYONE supported revolution, or executed•Thousands killed•Strong military•Monarchy•One culture
•Secret societies had to be set up •Weak military•Peaceful•Provinces•Dynasty•Greater population & geography•Many different cultures
•Gained a Republic•Previous feudal system•Food shortages•Weak government leader•Angry peasants•Weak economy•Heavy taxes•Unnecessary government spending•Wanted Nationalism•Strived Equality
FRENCHBOTH CHINES
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