ChineseGrammar Part IX

8/12/2019 ChineseGrammar Part IX

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chinesegrammar-part-ix 1/15

SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

b. 唐玫玲把饭吃完了。唐玫玲把饭吃完了。Táng Méilíng bã fàn chïwán le

Tang Meiling fìnished eating quickly. 快快地 k u à i k u ã i de

c 唐玫玲把屋的碟肯走了。Táng Méilíng bã tóngwû de g u ã n g d i 告动 le.

m 啄 M e i l i n g secretly borrowed her roommate s CDs . 偷偷儿地偷偷咒地t õ u t δ u r de

d 唐玫玲帮助了蛛妹。唐玫玲帮助了妹妹。Táng Méilíng bãngzhù le i m e iTang Meiling wíllingly helped her younger sister 自悠地自颐地 z ì y u à n de

e. 唐玫玲洗了辈子。唐玫玲洗了盘盘子。Táng Méilíng xJ le pánzi

Tang Meílíng flllrriedly washed a e dis17es 匆忙地匆忙地 de

f 店玫玲叫了朋友。 á n g i l í n g iào le péngyou.

咆 M e i l i n g greeted her friends olldly 大声地大蹄地 d à s h ë n g de

g 唐玫玲写了作文。唐玫玲了作文。Táng Méilíng z u δ w é nMeiling careful/ y wrote the essay. 用心地 y ò n g x ï n de

h 店玫玲昕了报告。唐玫玲擦了辍告。Táng Méilíng tïng le bàogào.

Meiling listened a t t e n t i v e l y t h e announcement 认真地招真地 r è n z h e n de

。



28Indicating result conclusion potential and extent

Insert the right resultative verb ending to complete the meaning of

each s e n t e n c 巳a 我吃一一一一一了。

W chï le

m fuJ/.

我吃一一一一一了Wõ chï le

1 a te enougll.

C 我吃一一一一一了。Wõ chï le

ve fìnished eating.我找一一一一一了。W zhão le

ve fìnished looking.

。 28 .1 1

e 我找一一一一一了。W δ z h ã o le.

[ ve fOlll1d it.

f 我记一一一一一了。我把一一一一一了。W õ j ì T vememorized it.

g. 我看一一一一一了。Wõ kàn le.

[ saw it.我看一一一一一了。W δ k à n le

[ read it wrong.

Translate these sentences into Mandarin selecting the appropriate form of the

parenthesized resultative verb.

a . 1 learned the lesson. 学会结合 x u é h u ì 学得会结得食 x u é d eb. I can t memorize these characters. 没记住泼记住 jìzhu or 己不住记 j ì b u z h ùC. I didn t hear the sound. 没昕见泼聪克盯 n g j i a n 听不见穗不克

tïngbujiàn)

d. I was unable to buy the book. 没买到泼 ~ ~ méi mãidào 买不到口不到 m ã i b ù d à o已 I bought the dictionary. 买到了贯到了 i d à o le 买得到自得到

i d e d à of I am able to understand Chinese (by listening). 昕酷了且由了日 n g d δ n g l e

or ，斤得懂辄得懂 t î n g d e d õ n gg. I ùiùn t u n ù ~ t a n ù by l b t ~ n i ng). 没听懂泼黯恤 l l l é i 创刊昕假摆不懂 t ï n g b u d õ n g




h. 1 can t finish eating th is food). 没吃完 chîwán 吃不完bùwán)

28.1.2, 28.1.4, 28.2

Translate these sentences to Mandarin using the parenthesized verb with th eappropriate resultative ending.

a. 1 bought the wrong book. 实贸 m ã ib. Can you see the subway station? 地戴站 d ì t i 是 z h à n 看 k à nc. Have you bought that book? 实贸 m ã id. 1 have bought it. 买 mãi)

e. Have you finished reading it?看 k à n

f No. 1 haven t finished reading i t. 看 k à ng. Do you understand it by reading it)? k à nh. Yes 1 understand it by reading it.) 轩 k à n

。 28.1.1, 28.1.2

Th ese sentences all involve the potential s u f f i x 得了不了 Translate them into English.

a. 下雪了我们走不了了下去了我刑走不了了Xià xue le, wðmen zðubulião le.

b. 我的年坏了开了了我的草锁了问了了Wõ de chë huài le, kãibulião le.

c 这主、多饭你吃得了吗渲麽多饭你吃得了明Zhème d u δ f à n n chîdelião ma?

d. 他说他的手很疼写不了字他说他的手很疼窍不了字Tã shuõ tã de sh õu hen téng, x i e b ù l i zì

e. 你的花都冻死了活不了了花 f l o w e 几冻凉 ò n g ω f r e e z e你的在都凉死了活不了了Ni de huã dõu dòngsile, huóbulião le.

f 你明天来得了吗你明天来得了喝Ni míngtiãn láidelião ma?

g. 听我的一定错不了黯我的一定错不了

wõ de, yîdìng cuòbulião.

我今天有亭参加不了你们的晚会我今天有事参加不了你例的晚愈Wõ jlntiãn 凸 l l . I shì, cãnjiãbulião nimen de wãnhuì

~ 28.4






a. 我怎么吃也我怎麽吃也Wõ zenme chI ye)

o m η how much 1 eat 1 can t fìnis l7

b. 他怎么学他怎麽结Tã zenme xué ye)

o m a 位 l w mllcl l e studies he can t l11aster it).

c. 我怎么看我怎麽看Wõ zenme kàn

No matter how 1 read it) 1can t nderstand it).

d 他怎么做他怎麽做Tã zenme z u δ y é )No matter how e does it) l e does i t wrol1g

e. 我怎么做我怎麽做Wõ zenme zuò ye)

No matter how 即 ω it) l can t do it.

f 我怎么找我怎睽找

õ z n m zhão yé)

No matter how muc ) l look 1 can t fìnd

~ 128 2 2 1

Complete the5e 5en tence5 in Mandarin to match the Engli5h meaning, u5in gthe phra5e5 provided to express the result or extent of the situation.

Example: He wa5 50 tired that h e could not pick up h is head.抬不起头来了抬不起原来了 t á i b u q i t ó u lá iJ

他主挺得抬起头来了。他累得抬不起原来了。Tã de táibuqitóu lái le

a He wa5 50 happy that he began to 5ing.

唱起歌儿来唱起歌兜来 c h à n g qI gër láil

b. 1 was 50 tired t hat 1 slept for two days.睡了两天瞪了雨天 s h u l le Iiãng tiãn]

c They were so busy that they forgot to eat

把吃饭都忘了把吃饭都忘了 chI fàn dõu wàn g leJ

d. He was 50 hu ngry that he ate a ll of the dumplings.

把饺子都吃宪了把饺子都吃完了 jiãozi dõu chlwán le.]

已 sang so IDuch that his throat was sore.

嗓子都疼了 s ã n g z i d δ u téng le]



Indicating result, conclusion, potential, and extent

f. We walked 50 much that our leg5 got 5wollen.

腿部月中了腿部睡了 zhõng leJ

g. 1ate 50 much that 1 couldn t walk.

走不动了走不 f ì I zõubudòng le]

h . The book was so interesting that 1 couldn t put it down

我简直放不我简直放不 w õ jiãnzhí fàngbuxià]

28.S

á n Míng is studying hard for college entrance exams. He is explaining

his progress to his parents. Express this in Mandarin.

a . I ve alrea dy finished studying maths.b. 1 have not fini5hed 5tudying chemi5try.

c. No matter how hard I study, I cannot memorize a )] of the chemi5try formula5.

记住扭住 m e m o r i z e ; 公式 g δ n g s h ì form a

d. 1 can t un derstand the English poems by reading).

e. I have learned 5tudied and m stered) a)] of the English vocabulary.词汇词集 vocabu ary

f. I am so nervous that I cannot sleep and I cannot eat.

g. No matter how I try to 51eep I can t fa)] asleep.

h. I am so tired that I cannot study anymore.

。 28.1-28.5



9Making comparisons

o m p a r e 王明 Míng 周利 Z h õ u Lì in complete Mandarin sentences

u s i n g 比没有 m é i y 创，跟和 . . 一糠一楼 hé) . . . ylyàng asappropriate.

Example: equally h a r d w o r k i n g 王明跟周丰样用功。王明跟周利一极用功。Wáng Míng gen zhõulì ylyàng

yònggõng.

王明 á n Míng 周幸 õu ì

a. equally tall the

same height)

]n刀

ω J

明mM

咽MM

陀喃

E

l

i l

阳

川not as fast

e not as hardworking

用功 y ò n g g δ n g Jf. equaUy interesting有意思 yìsï]g. lazier懒懒 l ã n ]h. not as fr iendly气和氛 h é q i ]i. thinner

瘦 s h ò u ]equally happy

。 29.1.3 29.3.1 29 .4

Ask the following yes-no questions a b o u t 王明 á n Míng 周利 Z h δ uin Mandarin.

a. Are Wang Ming and Zhou Li equally smart?

b. Is Zhou Li taller than Wang Míng?

C 15 Wang Ming lazier than Zhou Li?

d. Are Wang Ming and Zhou Li equally interesting?

e. Is Wang Ming better looking than 7.hou J i?

。 24.1 29



Making comparisons

fn complete Mandarin sentences say t h a t 王明 W á n g Míng outperforms用和 h δ u Lì in each of the following actions. Include the object of the

comparison in your sentences.

Example: takes tests - better 王明比周利考试考得好王明周幸考拭考得好Wáng Mín g bi Lì käo sh ì käo

de häo

a sings songs - better 唱歌兜 c h à n g gër]

b writes Chinese - better

c works - faster 做事 z u δ s h ìd cooks food - better 做菜 cài]e speaks EngJish - bet ter

f dances - better 跳舞 t i à o wu)

g studies - mor.e

h reads books - more

1. sees more mO V1eSj. plays ball - better 打球 qiúj

。 1 2 9 3 5[n complete Mandarin sentences say t h a t 周利 Lì is not as good as王明 W á n g Míng in performing each of the actions listed in (3) a b o v 巳[nclude the object of the comparison in your sentences.

Example: taki ng tests 周没有土明考试考得好

> I 29 4.3

周设有王明考就考得好Lì méi yõu Wáng Mí ng käo shì käo

de h

In complete Mandarin sentences say t h a t 王明 W â n g Míng 周利are identical in their performance of the actions listed in (3). Include the object

of the comparison in your sentences. For (5) say that they study equally wel lExample: 灿 n g tests 王明阪周丰考试考得一样好

29.1.6

王明跟周利考试考得一镣好WángM ín g Zhõu Lì käo shì k äo d eyïyàn g h äo

Put these Mandarin phrases in the correct order to match the Englishtranslations.

a 周利的薪水一倍多比王明的薪水Z h δ u ì de xïnshui yï duõ b í Wáng íng de xïnshu i.

2holl Li s salary is twice as much as Wang Ming s salary.

b 周幸的朋友得王明的朋友多多bì h δ u Lì de n g y o u dc Wáng íng dc n g y o u δ d u δZhou Li has a lot more friends than Wang Ming.



SITU TIONS ND FUNCTIONS

C. 周利高一点 t 王明。周利向一黠王明。Z h δ u Lì gão yld iãn bi Wáng MíngZhou Li is a taller than Wang Ming.

d 林伟学更高地周羊林 { i í t ~ 更高地周利。Lín i x u é gão bi Zhôu LÌ

Lin Weixue is even taller than Zhou Lie 王明写得力支写视字漂亮。

王明黯得最菊漠字漂亮。Wáng Míng xie de zuì xie Hàn zì piàoliang.Wang Ming writes Chinese characters the 陀忧 i e s t ofeveryone .

> I 29 3.4 1 29 3 .4 2 29 3 .4 3 29 3.4 4 29 5 29 6

Translate the following into English.

a 周利比王明大两岁。周利比王明大雨葳。Z h δ u Lì bT Wáng Míng dà liãng su ì

b 周利的年比王明的车五千块钱。周利的事比王明的草黄五千槐敛Zhõu Lì de chê bí Wáng Míng de chë guì w í qiãn kuài qián.

C 周利的车七王明的年大一点。周利的事比王明的事大一黯。Zhöu Lì de Wáng Míng de che dà yfdiãn

d 林伟学的军更大。林他型的草更大。Lín i x u é de che 肘 dà.

e 这本书比另本书贵得多。渲本将 t 那本鸭主运得多。Z h shû bT nà ben shû guì de d u δ

f. 周利比王明吃饭吃得多得多。周丰比王明吃饭吃得多得多。Z h δ u Lì bT Wáng Míng chî fàn chî de d u δ d e d u δ

g 林伟学吃饭吃得最多。林 { 毒擎吃饭吃得最多。Lín

i x u éch I fàn chI de zuì duö王明写汉字写得没有周利那么漂亮。

王明德漠字得泼有周幸那麽漂亮。Wáng Míng xie Hàn zì méi yõu Z h δ u Lì nàme piàol iang.

> I 29 3.4.1. 29 3 .4 2 29 3.4 3 29 3.4 4 29 5 29 6



Making comparisons

Translate these sentences into Mandarin. The Mandarin translations of

underlined words are provided in brackets.

a . My younger b r o t h e r 旦旦监 lot faster than I 做事 shì)

b My younger brother eats a lot more food than J do.

c My younger brother o e s n t 旦旦 much m o 且 e y : as 1 do. 赚钱赚钱zhuàn qián]

d 1 earn a lot more money than him.

已 am eleven years older than my younge r brother.

f This movie is not 坦旦旦足国 as that movie. 有意思 yìsï)

g I like that movie the most.

h This book is twice as expensive as that book.

。 6.6.5 29.3.4.1 29 3.4 2 29.3.4 3 29.3.5 29 .4.1 29.4 3 29 6

Translate these sentences w i t h 如 b ù r ú 比较比较 b i j i 相当相首x n n into English.

a. 这课的生词相当多渲裸的生扫相苗多

de s h ε n g c í xiãngdãng

b 这个学期我选的课都比较容易l l i f 周华期我握的器都比较容易

Z h xuéqï wo xuan de kè d δ u bljiào róngyì.

C 学日文如学中艾华自文如华中文Xué Rìwén bùrú xué Zhöngwén.

d 这种字典比较难实远橙字典比较雌口Zhè zhõng zìdian bIjiào nán ma i

e. 他觉得所有的人都知他他货得所有的人都如他Tã juédé suóyõu de rén d δ u b rú tã

f 那个学生学习得相当努力伺续生旦在营得相笛努力

Nàge xuéshëng xuéxí de xiãngdãng

。 29 .4 2 29 7

You are planning to buy a house in China and are asking a Ch inese fr iend foradvice. Express t h is conversation in Mandarin.

a . Ask your friend how much houses sell for in China

b Your friend tells you the following:

i) Houses outside the city a re less expensive than houses ins ide the city.

ii) Houses outside the city are also a lot bigger than houses in the city .

iii) υ w ~ v ~ r l i v i n g υ u t ~ i ù ~ t h ~ city b as aS living ~ i ù ~the city.



Making comparisons

Translate these sentences into Mandarin. The Mandarin translations of

underlined words are provided in brackets.

a . My younger b r o t h e r 旦旦监 lot faster than I 做事 shì)

b My younger brother eats a lot more food than J do.

c My younger brother o e s n t 旦旦 much m o 且 e y : as 1 do. 赚钱赚钱zhuàn qián]

d 1 earn a lot more money than him.

已 am eleven years older than my younge r brother.

f This movie is not 坦旦旦足国 as that movie. 有意思 yìsï)

g I like that movie the most.

h This book is twice as expensive as that book.

。 6.6.5 29.3.4.1 29 3.4 2 29.3.4 3 29.3.5 29 .4.1 29.4 3 29 6

Translate these sentences w i t h 如 b ù r ú 比较比较 b i j i 相当相首x n n into English.

a. 这课的生词相当多渲裸的生扫相苗多

de s h ε n g c í xiãngdãng

b 这个学期我选的课都比较容易l l i f 周华期我握的器都比较容易

Z h xuéqï wo xuan de kè d δ u bljiào róngyì.

C 学日文如学中艾华自文如华中文Xué Rìwén bùrú xué Zhöngwén.

d 这种字典比较难实远橙字典比较雌口Zhè zhõng zìdian bIjiào nán ma i

e. 他觉得所有的人都知他他货得所有的人都如他Tã juédé suóyõu de rén d δ u b rú tã

f 那个学生学习得相当努力伺续生旦在营得相笛努力

Nàge xuéshëng xuéxí de xiãngdãng

。 29 .4 2 29 7

You are planning to buy a house in China and are asking a Ch inese fr iend foradvice. Express t h is conversation in Mandarin.

a . Ask your friend how much houses sell for in China

b Your friend tells you the following:

i) Houses outside the city a re less expensive than houses ins ide the city.

ii) Houses outside the city are also a lot bigger than houses in the city .

iii) υ w ~ v ~ r l i v i n g υ u t ~ i ù ~ t h ~ city b as aS living ~ i ù ~the city.



SITU TIO NS ND FUNCTIONS

c. sk your friend if you buy a house in the city what kind of house isthe cheapest.

d Your friend te s you the following:

i) A house that faces south is more expensive than a house that

faces north.

ii) A house that faces east is a Iittle cheaper than a house that

faces west.

29.4 43.3 50 2



3Talking about the present

[n complete Mandarin sentences describe w h a t 王明 á n g Míng is doing at

each of the times indicated below. Use the time expressions provided in yoursentences. Translate your sentences into English.

Example: today买东西 → 王明今天买东西。贸束西王明今天目柬菌。说 Wán g Míng jïntiãn n

Wang ing is shopp ing today

a this year 学中文绍中文 Z h δ n g \ 崎b this month 放假 f à n g jiàc this week 在意大利旅行 Yìdàlì IÕxíng

d n o w 跟朋友吃饭跟朋友吃饭 péngyou chï fàne p r e s e n t l y 洗澡 zão

。What are the following people do ing now? Describe their activities in

complete Mandarin sentences u s i n g 在 or 在 n g z àE x a m p l e : 高宙 Lei sleeping • 高岱在睡觉。日峦在睡货。

Gão Lê i zài shuì jiào

a 王明 á n g Míng watching television

b 周丰 ì singingc 林伟学林德华 Weixué playing ba

d 玫玲 T á n g Méilíng writing a letter

。Translate the following into English.

a. 门外头站着一个人。内外政站着伺人。Mén wàitou zhànzhe yî n

b. 桌子上放军很多书。桌子上放著很多宵。Z h u δ z i shàng fàngzhe hen duõ shü .




c 孩子在床上躺糙。孩子在床上躺著。Háizi zà i chuángshàng tãngzhe_

d_ 医院里等着很多病人瞥院离等著很多病人Yîyuàn l déngzhe hén d u δ b ì n g r é n

e 教室里坐若很多学生。教室襄坐着很多事生。]iàoshì li zuòzhe hen duõ xuésheng.

~ 130 6

Translate the following sentences into Mandarin to d e s c r i e 王明 á n Míng sactivities and to indicate that he intends to continue doing each on e.

a. Wang Ming has already eaten thirty dumplings. 饺子股子 j i ã ob_ Wang Ming has already walked five rniles.

c. Wang Ming has already studied one hundred Ch inese characters.

d Wang Ming has already sung three songs

e. Wang Ming has already slept for ten hours

。 30.7

You are a Chinese student writing to a university abroad to apply foradmission to their doctoral program in economics. You have writtel1l the firstdraft in Chinesc. Translatc it into English

a. 我是大学四年级的学生。我是大结四年级的华生。Wð shì dàxué sì niánjí de xuésheng.

b. 我现在在写毕业论文是有关现代中国经济环境的。我现在在 1 J ; 娼棠揄文是有翩现代圄缀满琅珑的Wð xiànzài zài xie bì yè lùnwén shì yðuguãn xiàndài Zhõnggu6 jïngjìhuánjìng de.

c 我在申请读贵校的经济学系的研究生。我在申请前 i t 校的经清络系的研究生。Wõ zài shënqing dú guì xiào de jîngjìxué xì de yánjiüshëng.

d 我对经济特别感兴趣希望能读博士学位。我到忽哥特别感舆趣希望能翻博士粤位。Wõ duì jïngjì gán xìngqu xïwàng n dú bóshì xuéwèi.

e 目前我正在为我的论文做市场调查。目前我芷在主骂我的揄文做市塌翻查。Mùqián wð zhèngzài wéi wð de l ù n w zuò shìcháng diàochá.

t 同时我还在准备托福考试。同峙我埋在华偏远福考棋。

T ú n g ~ h í w 心 lài z h u n u tuüfú k i í ω h 说福 t u ü f ú lIu Te >L u nglish 1:>

a Foreign Language]



Talkin about the pr esent

g 其他成功申者蛮具备哪些条件悄告知其他成功申商者赞具偏哪些陈牛茹告知Qítã h é n g g δ n g shënqing nã xië t iáojiàn qing gàozhï

h 另外有关外国学生的经济资助等事宜亦请告知有翩外国织生的短曹雪资助等事直亦葫告知

ngwài, 思 wàiguó s h e n g de jïngjì zïzhù d 是 n g shìyí yì

q íng gàozhï.

。

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ChineseGrammar Part IX

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