APPLICATION OF RADIATION PRODUCED OLIGO CHITOSAN AS PLANT GROWTH PROMOTER IN

INDONESIA BY FIELD TEST

DR IR GATOT TRIMULYADI REKSOE-mail: gatot2811@yahoo.com

eNATIONAL NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY 

I N D O N E S I A

INTRODUCTION Indonesia is the world's largest archipelago with around 13,000 islands, of which 6.000 are

inhabited, and occupies a 5,100-km stretch from the Indian to the Pacific Ocean.

Irradiation Facilities

• Latex iradiator : 135 kCi (Okt 2008)• MultiPurpose Panoramic irradiator : 8.5 kCi• Gamma Chamber 4000A : 1.26 kCi• Gamma Cell-220 : 51 Ci• Electron Beam Machine : 300 keV/50 mA• Electron Beam Machine GJ-2 : 2 MeV/10 mA

Latex Irradiator, the Control Panel

Electron Beam Machine Specifications No EPS-300 Type GJ-2 Type

1 Installation year 1984 1994

2 Origin Nissin High Voltage, Japan

Shanghai Xian-Feng Electrical Manufacturing Work, China

3 Type Cockroft-

Walton Dynamitron

4 Max tension 300 kV 2000 kV

5 Max energy 300 keV 2000 keV

6 Max flow 50 mA 10 mA

7 Sample transportation

Konveyor Konveyor

Electron Beam Machine GJ-2, 2 MeV- 10 mA

WHY RADIATION TECHNOLOGY IS WHY RADIATION TECHNOLOGY IS IMPORTANT ?IMPORTANT ?

Address all aspects of Millennium Project !!!

HealthHealth EnvironmentEnvironment SafetySafety New materialsNew materials

Shell seafood waste such as shrimps shell and craps are abundantly in Inonesia

Shrimps shell Craps shell

The remarkable rapid and successful expansion of shrimps processing industry in Indonesia suggests the possibility of utilizing shrimps-processing waste as raw material for the manufacture of many valuable products such as chitin and chitosan for industrial and health care product

Indonesian shrimps production in 2006 : 350,000 tons

Chitosan is a linier polysaccharide derived from chitin A mayor component of the shell of the crustacean organisms The second most abundant biopolymer in nature next to cellulose.

In the last year chitosan has proved to be valuable product for using in different application such as seed coating, chelating and growth promoters etc

Chitosan reported to have various biological functions, for instance, anti microbial activity, growth inhibitor of some pathogens

DEACETY-LATION

CHITOSAN

SHRIMPS/CRAB SHELL

DEPROTEINATION

DEMINERALIZATION

CHITIN

NaOH, 1M

HCl, 1M

WASTE

WASTE

liquid Fertilizer

Preparation of chitosan

Chitosan

WASTE FROM CHITIN PROSES :

LIQUID ORGANIC FERTILIZER

No

Parameter

Results

Unit

Technique Analysis

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

C- Organic

N- Element

- N- organic

- N-NH4

- N-NO3

Suspended solid

Heavy metal ions

-As

- Hg

- Pb

- Cd

pH

Totally of

P2O5

K2O

Pathogen microbe

- E. Coli

- Salmonella sp

Micro elements (%)

- Zn

- Cu

- Mn

- Co

- B

5.12

0.63

0.081

0.054

0.8

0

0

0.86

0.13

7.5

4.57

4.62

0

0

1.34

11.32

2.09

3.43

6.12

%

%

%

ppm

%

cell/g

ppm

Wet Oxidation

Kjeldahl,Titrimetry

Screening

AOAC 973.03.2000

A A S

AOAC 986.15,2000

AOAC 971.21,2000

AOAC 999.10,2000

AOAC 957.02.2000

pH meter

Spectrometry

AOAC 958.01,2000

AOAC 983.02.2000

Most Probable Number (MPN)

A A S

AOAC 975.02,2000

AOAC 975.01,2000

AOAC 972.03,2000

EWW 311 B,1988

AOAC 982.01,2000

A A S : Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

AOAC : Analysis of analytical Chemis

EWW : Examination of water and wastewater

. Chemical analysis of liquid waste from chitin process

PolysaccharidesPolysaccharidesChitin/Chitosan, Chitin/Chitosan,

and their derivativesand their derivatives

PolysaccharidesPolysaccharidesChitin/Chitosan, Chitin/Chitosan,

and their derivativesand their derivatives

DegradationDegradation

・ Solid stateDilute aq. solution

CrosslinkingCrosslinking

Irradiation

Carboxymethylchitin Carboxymethylchitosan

ApplicationsIn Agriculture, Industry,

Food, Medicine, Cosmetic Fields

MODIFICATION OF CHITIN-CHITOSAN BY IRRADIATION TECHNIQUE

Radiation processing of natural polysaccharides:• Degradation to regulate low down the molecular weight• Production of oligosaccharides• Crosslinking of polysaccharide derivatives (CMC)• Grafting monomer onto polysaccharides & their

derivatives

Natural polysaccharides (Chitin/chitosan):• Largely available quantity in nature• Recyclable biopolymers• Potential starting materials for radiation treatment on

industrial scale

PRODUCTION OF OLIGO CHITOSAN

- LACTIC ACID IRRADIATION - WATER

CHITOSAN

OLIGO CHITOSAN

MIXING VESSEL

IRADIATION TANK

The IRKA irradiator facility at PATIR-BATAN could be used for production of oligo chitosan with capasity of 1000 L/batch

For plant growth promotors

MIXING PROCESS Chitosan lactic acid NaOH 2M Demineralized

water

IRRADIATED CHITOSAN AS GROWTH PROMOTERS

CHITOSAN OLIGO -CHITOSAN

IRRADIATION

Function :

• To rise immunity and power re

distance of the plants

• To enrich the cell protein, boost

the metabolism of the plants

• To protect the surface of the

plants, repress the diseases

• To supply the utilization of been

official microbe, conduce the

procreative power

• To conduce photosynthesis, en

hance the quality and output

• To gives plant roots with new

vigor and increase the power of

EFFECT OF IRRADIATED CHITOSAN TO THE EFFECT OF IRRADIATED CHITOSAN TO THE ROOT OF THE PLANTROOT OF THE PLANT

0 kGy 25 kGy 50 kGy 100 kGy

Field test of some plants

Some field test for chili, potato and carrot plant were done, to know the persentage of increasing the crops of the haverst using irradiated chitosan plus waste of chitin process compare with ussualy fertilizer used by the farmers

Before the seed put in the soil, the soil were spray by waste of chitin process and continue combine with oligo chitosan until the plant is grow up, it’s taken around 2-3 month. After that only irradiated chitosan until get the harvest

For application waste of chitin was dilution by water 1 : 40, and spray it to the soil, and oligo chitosan dilution with water to get 50 ppm and spray to the plants

1. Chili plants

Preparation of the plots for the experiment of red chili plants on the field

Field test of oligo chitosan on yield of red chiliField test of oligo chitosan on yield of red chili

Control + Oligo Chitosan

Control + Oligo Chitosan

Potato plant

Carrot plant

cooperation

FARMER ASSOCIATION UNDER GUIDE LINE OF BATAN

SOCIALITATION