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Chordata:Chordata:Amphibans, Reptiles, and BirdsAmphibans, Reptiles, and Birds
http://farm1.static.flickr.com/34/70054553_b22233029b.jpg
William Ross
Jeff
Common CharacteristicsCommon Characteristics
Body cavity: All are coelomates Body cavity: All are coelomates Body symmetry: Bilaterally symmetricalBody symmetry: Bilaterally symmetrical Nervous system: Have spinal cords with Nervous system: Have spinal cords with
vertebrae and brainsvertebrae and brains Circulatory system:Circulatory system:
Amphibians and Reptiles are EctothermicAmphibians and Reptiles are Ectothermic Birds are EndothermicBirds are Endothermic
Digestive system / Excretory system: One Digestive system / Excretory system: One way digestive trackway digestive track
Common CharacteristicsCommon Characteristics
Locomotion/Musculature: Ambibans, Locomotion/Musculature: Ambibans, Amniotes (Reptiles and Birds included) are Amniotes (Reptiles and Birds included) are TetrapodsTetrapods
Skeletal type: Mineralized endoskeletons Skeletal type: Mineralized endoskeletons (in reptiles and birds)(in reptiles and birds)
AmphibiansAmphibians
Class AmphibiaClass Amphibia Order UrodelaOrder Urodela
SalamandersSalamanders
Order AnuraOrder Anura FrogsFrogs
http://www.richard-seaman.com/Travel/CzechRepublic/Wildlife/CzechSalamander.jpg
Order ApodaOrder Apoda
http://www.kansasriver.org/files/Image/Plains%20Leopard%20Frog.jpg
AmphibiansAmphibians
Derived Characteristics:Derived Characteristics: Most have “dual lives”Most have “dual lives” Aquatic Larval stageAquatic Larval stage Adult land dwelling stage Adult land dwelling stage Most live in damp habits Most live in damp habits
http://www.kansasriver.org/files/Image/Plains%20Leopard%20Frog.jpg
http://www.richard-seaman.com/Travel/CzechRepublic/Wildlife/CzechSalamander.jpg
like swamps and rain forestslike swamps and rain forests Some Amphibians only Some Amphibians only
breathe through skin and oral breathe through skin and oral cavitycavity
AmphibiansAmphibians Sample Organisms:Sample Organisms:
Rana blairi Rana blairi (Plains (Plains Leopard Frog)Leopard Frog)
http://www.kansasriver.org/files/Image/Plains%20Leopard%20Frog.jpg
http://www.richard-seaman.com/Travel/CzechRepublic/Wildlife/CzechSalamander.jpg
Salamandra salamandra Salamandra salamandra (Fire Salamander)(Fire Salamander)
ReptilesReptiles
Class ReptillaClass Reptilla Crocodilia Crocodilia
Crocodiles and AlligatorsCrocodiles and Alligators
SphenodontiaSphenodontia TuatarasTuataras
http://www.taoistsecret.com/Images/KingCobra.jpghttp://depts.washington.edu/natmap/photos/reptiles/short-horned_lizard_babies_mom_0805.jpg
SquamataSquamata Lizards and SnakesLizards and Snakes
Testudines Testudines Turtles and TortoisesTurtles and Tortoises
ReptilesReptiles
Ammonites: Ammonites: named for their amniotic eggsnamed for their amniotic eggs Derived Characteristics:Derived Characteristics:
Waterproof Scales made of Waterproof Scales made of ββ – Keratin – Keratin Other characteristics are “highly derived”Other characteristics are “highly derived”
http://www.taoistsecret.com/Images/KingCobra.jpghttp://depts.washington.edu/natmap/photos/reptiles/short-horned_lizard_babies_mom_0805.jpg
ReptilesReptiles
Ammonites: Ammonites: named for their amniotic eggsnamed for their amniotic eggs Sample Organisms:Sample Organisms:
Phrynosoma douglasii (Short-horned Horned Phrynosoma douglasii (Short-horned Horned Lizard)Lizard)
Ophiophagus hannah (King Corba)Ophiophagus hannah (King Corba)
http://www.taoistsecret.com/Images/KingCobra.jpghttp://depts.washington.edu/natmap/photos/reptiles/short-horned_lizard_babies_mom_0805.jpg
BirdsBirds
Class AvesClass Aves Nearly a dozen surviving Nearly a dozen surviving
modern ordersmodern orders
http://shew-design.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/Emperor_Penguin.jpg
http://www.birdfinders.co.uk/images/black-rumped-flameback-nepal-2008.jpg
BirdsBirds
Derived Characteristics:Derived Characteristics: Adoptions for flight:Adoptions for flight:
No urinary bladderNo urinary bladder Often one ovary in femalesOften one ovary in females No teethNo teeth Air filled honey-combed wingsAir filled honey-combed wings
http://shew-design.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/Emperor_Penguin.jpg
http://www.birdfinders.co.uk/images/black-rumped-flameback-nepal-2008.jpg
Feathers contain Feathers contain β – Keratin like scales
BirdsBirds
Sample Organisms: Sample Organisms: Dinopium benghalenseDinopium benghalense (Black-
Rumped Flameback) Aptenodytes forsteri (Emperor
Penguin)
http://shew-design.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/Emperor_Penguin.jpg
http://www.birdfinders.co.uk/images/black-rumped-flameback-nepal-2008.jpg
ContrastsContrasts
Sensory structures/features:Sensory structures/features: All have developed eyes and ears butAll have developed eyes and ears but
Birds have the best eyesight of the vertebratesBirds have the best eyesight of the vertebrates
Reproduction:Reproduction: Amphibians most have aquatic external Amphibians most have aquatic external
fertilization fertilization Reptiles and birds have internal fertilization Reptiles and birds have internal fertilization
and lay amniotic eggsand lay amniotic eggs Which contain extrambryonic membranesWhich contain extrambryonic membranes
http://kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/16cm05/1116/34-19-AmnioticEgg-L.gif
ContrastsContrasts
Gas exchangeGas exchange Most larval amphibians use gills and most Most larval amphibians use gills and most
adult amphibians rely on moist skin for gas adult amphibians rely on moist skin for gas exchangeexchange
Most reptiles (except Turtles) use lungs as Most reptiles (except Turtles) use lungs as scales prevent breathing through skinscales prevent breathing through skin Turtles can use moist surfaces of their cloaca for Turtles can use moist surfaces of their cloaca for
gas exchangegas exchange
Birds rely on lungsBirds rely on lungs
Are You Ready?Are You Ready?Quiz Time!Quiz Time!
Question 1Question 1
As opposed to Reptiles and Amphibians, As opposed to Reptiles and Amphibians, only Birdsonly Birds A. Are ectothermicA. Are ectothermic B. Have B. Have ββ – Keratin – Keratin C. Are endothermicC. Are endothermic D. Both B and CD. Both B and C
Question 1Question 1
As opposed to Reptiles and Amphibians, As opposed to Reptiles and Amphibians, only Birdsonly Birds A. Are ectothermicA. Are ectothermic B. Have B. Have ββ – Keratin – Keratin C. Are endothermicC. Are endothermic D. Both B and CD. Both B and C
Correct Answer: CCorrect Answer: C
Question 2Question 2
Compared with Birds and Reptiles Compared with Birds and Reptiles AmphibiansAmphibians A. Can still live in aquatic environmentsA. Can still live in aquatic environments B. Breath solely with their oral cavityB. Breath solely with their oral cavity C. Breath through their skinC. Breath through their skin D. Have internal fertilizationD. Have internal fertilization
Question 2Question 2
Compared with Birds and Reptiles Compared with Birds and Reptiles AmphibiansAmphibians A. Can still live in aquatic environmentsA. Can still live in aquatic environments B. Breath solely with their oral cavityB. Breath solely with their oral cavity C. Breath through their skinC. Breath through their skin D. Have internal fertilizationD. Have internal fertilization
Correct Answer: CCorrect Answer: C
Question 3Question 3
What do reptiles and birds share in What do reptiles and birds share in common?common? A. A. ββ – Keratin – Keratin B. Amniotic eggsB. Amniotic eggs C. Both are tetrapodsC. Both are tetrapods D. All of the aboveD. All of the above
Question 3Question 3
What do reptiles and birds share in What do reptiles and birds share in common?common? A. A. ββ – Keratin – Keratin B. Amniotic eggsB. Amniotic eggs C. Both are tetrapodsC. Both are tetrapods D. All of the aboveD. All of the above
Correct Answer: DCorrect Answer: D
Question 4Question 4
Which of the following is Which of the following is notnot an adaptation an adaptation for flight in birdsfor flight in birds A. Honey combed wingsA. Honey combed wings B. No teethB. No teeth C. No urinary bladderC. No urinary bladder D. None of the aboveD. None of the above
Question 4Question 4
Which of the following is Which of the following is notnot an adaptation an adaptation for flight in birdsfor flight in birds A. Honey combed wingsA. Honey combed wings B. No teethB. No teeth C. No urinary bladderC. No urinary bladder D. None of the aboveD. None of the above
Correct Answer: DCorrect Answer: D
Thank YouThank You