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Chordate Phylum
Animal kingdom
Subphylum Vertebrata
Jawless Fish
Cartilaginous Fish
Bony Fish
AmphibiansBirds
Mammals
Reptiles
Power of Flight “ birds occupy a greater range of habitats than
any other class of organism, plant or animal”
Adaptations for Flying
• Skeletal system (hollow bones, thin skull)• Integument -- Feathers• Respiratory System -- Air sacs
“supercharged” lungs • Excretory System -- no urinary bladder• Reproduction -- no live young • Digestive System -- gizzard eliminates the
need for jaws
Circulatory System
• 4 Chambered Heart
• Large heart size compared to body size
(40 to 100% larger than mammals the same size)
• Rapid heartbeat-- hummingbirds = 1000 beats/ minute
Hummingbirds
• 15-80 wing flaps in 1 second
• Courtship wind flaps go up to 200/ second (depending on species)
• 2,500-12,000 times per minute
Digestive System
• Gizzard removes the need for jaw bones
• Rapid digestive system for extremely high energy needs
Adaptations for FlyingSummary
• Skeletal system (hollow bones, thin skull)
• Integument -- Feathers
• Respiratory System -- Air sacs “supercharged” lungs
• Excretory System -- no urinary bladder
• Reproduction -- no live young
• Digestive System -- gizzard eliminates the need for jaws
• Circulatory system – large heart, rapid beat..