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Part 3Part 3
Management: Management: Empowering People Empowering People to Achieve Business to Achieve Business
Objectives Objectives
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Chapter 10Chapter 10
Improving Performance
through Empowerment, Teamwork, and Communication
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Chapter ObjectivesChapter Objectives
1. Describe why and how organizations empower employees.
2. Distinguish between the two major types of teams in the workplace.
3. Identify the characteristics of an effective team and the roles played by team members.
4. Summarize the stages of team development.5. Relate team cohesiveness and norms to effective team
performance.6. Describe the factors that can cause conflict in teams
and how conflict can be resolved.7. Explain the importance of effective communication skills
in business.8. Compare the different types of communication.
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Empowering EmployeesEmpowering Employees
Empowerment—giving employees authority and responsibility to make decisions about their work without traditional managerial approval and control.Anderson & Associates
engineering firm believes in empowering its employees through information.
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Empowering EmployeesEmpowering Employees
Sharing InformationEffective empowerment means keeping
employees informed about the company’s:Financial performanceBusiness environment
Sharing Decision-Making AuthorityEmployees given more authority and
responsibilityMaking decisions that implement a firm’s
vision and competitive strategy
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Empowering EmployeesEmpowering Employees
Linking Rewards to Company PerformanceReward employees for contributing
desirable ideas and actionsMake sure employees understand how
their individual actions affect profitsEmployee Stock Ownership PlansStock Options
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Employee Stock Ownership Plans and Stock Options
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TeamworkTeamwork
Teamwork—cooperative effort by a group of workers acting together for a common cause.
What is a Team?A group of employees who are committed to a common purpose, approach, and set of performance goals.Lockheed Martin’s Joint
Strike Fighter team mustcoordinate a massiveteam of suppliers
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Five Species of Teams
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TeamworkTeamwork
What is a Team?Work team—relatively permanent group of
employees with complementary skills who perform the day-to-day work of organizations.
Problem-Solving Teams—temporary combination of workers who gather to solve a specific problem and then disband.
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Team CharacteristicsTeam Characteristics
Team SizeCan range from 2 to 150 peopleResearch indicates maximum results with
about 6-7 people
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Team CharacteristicsTeam Characteristics
Team RolesTask specialist role—time and energy
devoted to helping the team accomplish its specific goals
Socioemotional role—time and energy devoted to supporting the emotional needs of team members and to maintaining the team as a social unit
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Team Member Roles
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Team CharacteristicsTeam Characteristics
Team DiversityMembers may bring varied perspectives
based on differences in their work experiences and age, gender, and cultural backgrounds
Cross-functional team establishes one type of diversity by bringing together the expertise of members from different functions in the organization
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Team CharacteristicsTeam Characteristics
Teamwork in Small OrganizationsSmall companies can benefit from
teamworkIn fact, small firms may function as teamsOwner-manager can cultivate the
characteristics of successful teamsConcept of teamwork also applies to
entrepreneurs
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Team CharacteristicsTeam Characteristics
Benefits result only if the type of team created matches the task to be accomplished
Stages of Team DevelopmentStage 1: Forming.Stage 2: Storming.Stage 3: Norming.Stage 4: Performing.Stage 5: Adjourning.
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Stages of Team Development
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Team CharacteristicsTeam Characteristics
Team Cohesiveness and NormsTeam Cohesiveness—extent to which
team members feel attracted to the team and motivated to remain part of it.
Team Norm—informal standard of conduct shared by team members that guides their behavior.
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Team CharacteristicsTeam Characteristics
Team ConflictConflict—antagonistic interaction in which
one party attempts to thwart the intentions or goals of another.
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Team CharacteristicsTeam Characteristics
Styles of Conflict ResolutionThe Competing StyleThe Avoiding StyleThe Compromising StyleThe Accommodating StyleThe Collaborating Style
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The Importance of Effective CommunicationThe Importance of Effective Communication
The Process of CommunicationCommunication—meaningful exchange of
information through messages.Communication skills are important
throughout an organizationThe Communication Process
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Forms of Communication
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The Importance of Effective CommunicationThe Importance of Effective Communication
Basic Forms of CommunicationOral Communication
Listening—skill of receiving a message and interpreting its intended meaning by grasping the facts and feelings it conveys.Cynical listeningOffensive listeningPolite listeningActive listening
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The Importance of Effective CommunicationThe Importance of Effective Communication
Basic Forms of CommunicationWritten Communication
Formal Communication
Informal CommunicationGrapevine—internal information
channel that passes information from unofficial sources.
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The Importance of Effective The Importance of Effective CommunicationCommunication
Basic Forms of CommunicationVerbal communication—communication
that conveys meaning through words
Nonverbal communication—transmits messages through actions and behaviors
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Influence of Personal Space in Nonverbal Communication
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Communication within the OrganizationCommunication within the Organization
Internal communication—system that sends messages through channels within an organization.
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Communication within the OrganizationCommunication within the Organization
Communication in TeamsCentralized communication network—
team members exchange messages through a single person to solve problems or make decisions
Decentralized communication network— members communicate freely with other team members and arrive at decisions together
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Communication Outside the OrganizationCommunication Outside the Organization
External Communication—meaningful exchange of information through messages transmitted between an organization and its major audiences.
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International Business CommunicationInternational Business Communication
Can be a special challenge Appropriateness depends in part on an
accurate translation that conveys the intended nuances of meaning
Low-context cultures tend to rely on explicitly written and verbal messages
High-context cultures – such as those of Japan, Latin American, and India – depend not only on the message itself, but also the conditions that surround it