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Chpt 3Models of Earth
3.1 Modeling the Planet pg 44
• Maps:
• Cartographers:
• Projections:
Activity: Maps from Round Objects
1. What do you observe about the line on the paper?
2. How does the length of the line you have drawn compare with the length of the seam on the ball?
3. How does the shape of the line you have drawn compare with the shape of the seam on the baseball?4. What happens to the size and shape of areas on a globe when a map is made? 5. Why is it difficult to reproduce Earth accurately on a map?
What is distortion?
Map projections:• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2LcyMem
J3dE• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X4wgFSHZ
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• Distortion: shapes are not correct or distance is wrong
• There are limitless Map projections • Depends on what map is being used for
3.1 Map Projections: Partner read/notesPgs 44-45
Mercator Projection: Distorts:Used for:Picture:
Distort near pole, show true directions as straight lines Useful for navigation
Gnomonic Projection: Distorts land mass away from center point show shortest distance between two points Useful for ocean/air voyages
Polyconic: Latitude and longitude are curved, landforms have true shape/size compared to each other. Useful for mapping large areas
Identifying places on Earth
• How do we identify location on Earth?
• What is the most common grid system used?
• Read page 46, take notes on Latitude and Longitude. Draw picture of Earth with lines.
Latitude and Longitude
• Latitude: circle from east to west.• Equator: line that separates Earth from
Northern and Southern hemisphere• Longitude: run from north and south between
poles• Prime meridian: Divides Eastern and Western
Hemisphere
***look atglobe
Practice
Practice
Battleship!
Map Scale
• Scale of map tells you how the features compare in size to Earth’s surface
• Usually shown as a ratio• EX: 1 inch on map=1 mile on earth• Measure 2 inches on map, so 2 inches=2miles
Map Scale
Map Scale Examples
• 1 map:100,000 earth• 100,000 inches= _____ feet ***12 inches=1 foot• 8333 feet= _____ miles ***5280 feet=1 mile• 1 inch=1.57 miles
Practice
***12 inches=1 foot***5280 feet=1 mile
1 map: 250,000 earth250,000 inches/12=20833 feet20833 feet/5280= 3.9 miles1: 1001:200,0001:50,000
Map Scale
• Work on map scale pacing out classroom/outside
Practice measuring distance/scale on a map
Measure Distance on Map
• Use map scale to find distance between two points
• Look at a map, measure distance. Figure out distance on map and then distance on earth
• Convert to feet or miles
Distance on Map 12inches=1 foot5280 feet=1mile
1. What is the scale (ratio)?2. Convert to miles
3. Measure the distance from Jones Tank to Bootlegger Spring. Distance on map?Distance on earth?
4. Measure the distance from Morman Mtn Tank to Bootlegger Spring. Distance on map?Distance on earth?
Mapmaking
• Pg 48:Take notes on plane table• Draw map of courtyard
• Pg: 48 Radar notes and video• Finish notes on mapmaking and technology
Traditional First Technology Current Technology Plane Table: Photographs from Airplanes: Satellite
Radar: GPS:
GIS:
RadarRadio Detection And Ranging Radar device sends out a radio signal. Signal bounces off an object is reflected back
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ywDE57CtaTM
Map Making and TechnologyPG: 48-51
Traditional First Technology Current Technology
Plane Table: Photographs from Airplanes: Satellite
Radar: GPS:
GIS:
Satellite
• Orbits Earth, records data from Earth’s surface
• Measure light waves• Computers convert
the data to pixels (electronic dots), then usable images
GPS (global positioning system)• 3 parts: satellites, control, user.• GPS receiver determines the time it took for signal
to reach the receiver. • With different satellites signals, GPS receiver uses
triangulation to compute exact location
GIS (Geographic Information system)
• GIS is a computer system that assembles, stores, manipulates and displays data.
Use for technology/careers
• Read pg 51---Notes on Land Surveyor• What do they do? What technology do they use?
• GIS Example: http://nationalatlas.gov/mapmaker
• Read pg 52---get more notes on GIS• How can GIS be used to provide useful
information?
Careers
• Exploring Careers in GIS: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M7tK9CjRmIo
• How is technology/GIS used? ---make list of at least 5 ways GPS/GIS is being used
• What are the roles of computer and satellites in map making?
Help Wanted: Cartographer, Land Surveyor, Scientist, etc.
• General info on what a mappers do (pg 51, 52)– Find patters and relationships, interpret gfitures and
data, etc. • SKILLS: What do you need to know?
—explain GPS and GIS. • How will you be using GPS/GIS?
• Use your notes, video notes, and pg 50
3.2 Sec Review
• Page 51, #1-3
• Topographic Maps• Read pg 53---notes from each paragraph
Topographic Maps• Shows the topography
(natural and human made surface features)
• Shows the shape of Earth’s surface
• Scale of 1:24000• 1 inch represents
___feet so shows good detail
Rules for contour lines
• Look at WS/LAB
How to Read A Topographic Map• Contour Lines• Narrow lines on a map
that indicate the elevation• Connect points of the
same elevation• Index contour lines have
the elevation written• Lines are evenly spaced,
called contour interval (interval units given on map)
Scale and Contour Intervals
How to Read A Topographic Map• Slope• Distance between contour lines shows you slope• Lines far apart the landscape is flat• Lines close together it is steep• Blue Isobath lines show depths of the water• Hatchmarks point toward the center of a depression
Reading Contour Lines
Reading Contour Lines
• What is the contour interval?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=owwqUYx_o3k