Chris Quinn & Desmond Hall

Rome’s Warriors &

Navy

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Basic

Legions or “levy” was the basic military unit Legions were always made of Roman citizens

Solders were armed according to their wealth & status

Campaigning Season was a series of wars that led to Roman conquest

• Senatus Populusque

Romanus! (senate)

Weapons and Armor

Roman soldiers in legions would be equipped with what is shown

During the Late Roman Empire, soldiers begun wearing chain-mail and “Lorica Segmentata” or laminated-strip armor

Cavalry would be equipped with bronze cuirasses and then chain-mail

Intro: Timeline

Three periods of Rome’s ArmyEarly Roman Army (700B.C.-300B.C.)

Army of the Roman Republic (300B.C.-107B.C.)

Imperial Roman Army (107B.C.-284A.D.)

Late Roman Army (284A.D.-641A.D.)

Early Roman Empire

Known as Regal Era Altogether had 9,000 men in legion 2,400 light armed men, 600 cavalry,

and 6,000 heavy armed men Main fighting formation was Phalanx;

adopted from the Greeks There were two praetors and each

one controlled 4,500 men Smaller formations were called

Centurias and consisted of 100 men

Early Roman Army Formation

Reform to Roman Republic

Many Plebeians were not happy with early government rule

Less important citizens had little rights Built up tension led to a revolt by the

citizens Ultimately the monarchy was overthrown

beginning the Roman Republic This would lead to many changes in the

structure of Rome’s army especially by Marius Gracchus

Army of the Roman Republic

Made Legion more efficient by splitting up into smaller groups of troops

Create Auxiliaries or “Alae” which are non-citizens that make up half of the Roman Army

By this time the Romans had 4 legions and 4 auxiliaries (Two legions per council)

*Romans abandoned the phalanx and create Tortoise formation*

The Roman Army would reach 250,000 men by the end of this period

Cavalry- 150 menCohorts- 480 men

Ferentarii- 160 menTriarii- 80 men

Advanced Roman Formation

Navy of the Roman Republic

Rome’s navy was founded in 311 B.C. It consisted of Roman Galleons, Biremes, and

Triremes Was at one time the biggest Navy in the world Its biggest use to the Romans was during the Punic

Wars Each ship had a Corvus which allowed Roman

warriors to board other ships After conquest of Carthage Rome’s navy was down-

sized because the Roman Empire was mainly accustom to land

The use of Rome’s navy turned to trade and transportation in the Mediterranean Sea

Roman Republic to an Empire

The Roman Republic would be turned into an empire by one man

This man was Julius Caesar and he would become so powerful that he became sole ruler of Rome

When Caesar was in power the Roman Army reached record numbers and it would never reach that size again

Under Caesar the council was useless and this would ultimately lead to his death

When Caesar was killed by members of the council, his son Augustus took control of Rome and ruled as dictator

Imperial Roman Empire

The Roman Empire was lead by Julius Caesar and then Augustus Caesar

“Pax Romana” or golden age of Rome occurred during this time

The Roman Army was said to have reached 450,000 men

Incorporated “Praefecti” (Auxiliary commander) and “Legatus Augusti Pro Praetore” (overall commander of Auxililaries) into Roman Empire

*Around 280 A.D. the decline of Rome began*

Roman Imperial Navy

The main importance of the Imperial Navy was to protect trade ships from barbarians

Misenum, built in 31 B.C., was the main Roman naval base of the Mediterranean Sea followed by Ravenna

During this time Rome maintained two large fleets, the Classis Praetoria Misenensis (“Fleet of Misenum”) and Classis Praetoria Ravennatis (“Fleet of Ravenna”) based in the Mediterranean

Last, the Roman Empire would soon collapse and not be able to maintain its navy and in 429 A.D. the Roman navy would be destroyed by vandals from Gaul

Late Roman Empire

Emperor of this time was Diocletian The Roman Army would be split into two

(East and the West) The West Roman Army would fall apart

because of the collapse of the West entirely

Yet the East Army remained and would eventually become the last part of the Roman civilization

They were named the Byzantine Army and it would be known for its heavy armor-mint

Source: www.roman-empire.net/army/army.html history-world.org/roman_army.htm en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_army library.thinkquest.org/26602/war.htm en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_navy www.unrv.com/military/roman-navy.php www.roman-empire.net/army/leg-fleet.html http://www.specialforces.com.ar/

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