Delft – March 2007; Markus SPIEGL 1

Christian-Doppler-Laboratory for performance-based optimization of flexible pavements

Institute for Road Construction and Maintenance – Vienna University of Technology

Christian-Doppler-Laboratory forPerformance-based Optimization of Flexible

Pavements, Vienna University of Technology, Austria

4PBT-WORKSHOP

Results from 4-Point-Bending Beam Calibration

Markus Spiegl

Delft – March 2007; Markus SPIEGL 2

Christian-Doppler-Laboratory for performance-based optimization of flexible pavements

Institute for Road Construction and Maintenance – Vienna University of Technology

OUTLINE – TEST EQUIPMENT (1/2)

•servo hydraulic test equipment, with a software for test controlling

•software “DionPro” with tools for programming a test procedure

•software for data analysis(fatigue and stiffness)

• load cell(accuracy class 0.5)

•temperature chamber(-25 to +60 °C)

•frequencies: 0.1 to 40 Hz•max amplitude of 0.5 mm

at 10 Hz

Delft – March 2007; Markus SPIEGL 3

Christian-Doppler-Laboratory for performance-based optimization of flexible pavements

Institute for Road Construction and Maintenance – Vienna University of Technology

OUTLINE – TEST EQUIPMENT (2/2)

•stress and strain controlled tests possible

•specimen dimensions:surface layers: 50*50*450 mmbase layers: 60*60*500 mm

•2 LVDT’s (± 1.0 mm,accuracy class 1.0)

•specimen preparation with asegment roller compactor

•cut on all sides•clamps are clued with

a two-component adhesive

Delft – March 2007; Markus SPIEGL 4

Christian-Doppler-Laboratory for performance-based optimization of flexible pavements

Institute for Road Construction and Maintenance – Vienna University of Technology

CHECK OF THE TEST EQUIPMENT

Institute for Mechanics and Mechatronics – TU ViennaResearch areas:

• machine dynamics• measurement and actuators• measurement of vibrations• mechatronical systems

Verification of test equipment using acceleration sensors and a stroboscope:

• frequencies (0.1 to 40 Hz) variation of 0.05 Hz• resonance frequency of the system 24.5 Hz• moving parts• translation and frequency (response)• asphalt beam

http://www.mdmt.tuwien.ac.at

Delft – March 2007; Markus SPIEGL 5

Christian-Doppler-Laboratory for performance-based optimization of flexible pavements

Institute for Road Construction and Maintenance – Vienna University of Technology

CALIBRATION

•strain controlled test•three different calibration beams•twice per year - whole system with all 3 beams•twice per year - 2 LVDTs with micrometer screw•10 different frequencies at one temperature•sine regression for obtaining dynamic data (amplitude, phase

angle,…)•stiffness is calculated with the formulas after EN 12697-26

(mistake!!!)

beam 1 beam 2 beam 3

temperature [°C]

+ 20

frequencies [Hz] 0,1 –1 – 2 – 5 – 8 – 10 – 15 – 20 – 30 – 40 – 0.1

strain amplitude 50 m/m

… mass factor [kg] not in [g]

… circular frequency [rad/s] and not test frequency in [Hz]

Delft – March 2007; Markus SPIEGL 6

Christian-Doppler-Laboratory for performance-based optimization of flexible pavements

Institute for Road Construction and Maintenance – Vienna University of Technology

CALIBRATION BEAMS

Aluminum 501 Aluminum 502 Delron 503

stiffness ≈ 71 000 MPa ≈ 71 000 MPa ≈ 4 000 MPa

mass 1.046 kg 1.069 kg 1.747 kg

system mass

19.107 kg

prismatic beam with one bar

prismatic beam with two bars

beam with a square cross section

dimensions[mm]

L = 450Leff = 400a = 130w = 10h = 50

L = 450Leff = 400a = 130

w = 2 x 5h = 50

L = 450Leff = 400a = 130b = 50h = 50

Delft – March 2007; Markus SPIEGL 7

Christian-Doppler-Laboratory for performance-based optimization of flexible pavements

Institute for Road Construction and Maintenance – Vienna University of Technology

DOKUMENTATION

•test report•date•operator•code of beam•E*, E1, E2 and phase angle•diagram

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

0.1 1 10 100frequency [Hz]

E*, E

1, E

2[M

Pa]

0

10

20

30

40

phas

e an

gle

[°]

E*E1E2PHI

Delft – March 2007; Markus SPIEGL 8

Christian-Doppler-Laboratory for performance-based optimization of flexible pavements

Institute for Road Construction and Maintenance – Vienna University of Technology

CALIBRATION RESULTS – BEAM 501

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

80000

0.1 1 2 5 8 10 15 20 30 40frequency [Hz]

E* [M

Pa]

-0.30

-0.20

-0.10

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.1 1 2 5 8 10 15 20 30 40

frequency [Hz]

phas

e an

gle

[°]

0

50

100

150

200

250

0.1 1 2 5 8 10 15 20 30 40frequency [Hz]

s of

E* [M

Pa]

0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.1 1 2 5 8 10 15 20 30 40frequency [Hz]

s of

pha

se a

ngle

[°]

Delft – March 2007; Markus SPIEGL 9

Christian-Doppler-Laboratory for performance-based optimization of flexible pavements

Institute for Road Construction and Maintenance – Vienna University of Technology

CALIBRATION RESULTS – BEAM 502

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

80000

0.1 1 2 5 8 10 15 20 30 40frequency [Hz]

E* [M

Pa]

0

50

100

150

200

250

0.1 1 2 5 8 10 15 20 30 40frequency [Hz]

s of

E* [M

Pa]

-0.30

-0.20

-0.10

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.1 1 2 5 8 10 15 20 30 40

frequency [Hz]

phas

e an

gle

[°]

0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.1 1 2 5 8 10 15 20 30 40frequency [Hz]

s of

pha

se a

ngle

[°]

Delft – March 2007; Markus SPIEGL 10

Christian-Doppler-Laboratory for performance-based optimization of flexible pavements

Institute for Road Construction and Maintenance – Vienna University of Technology

CALIBRATION RESULTS – BEAM 503

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

0.1 1 2 5 8 10 15 20 30 40frequency [Hz]

E* [M

Pa]

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

0.1 1 2 5 8 10 15 20 30 40frequency [Hz]

s of

E* [M

Pa]

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

0.1 1 2 5 8 10 15 20 30 40

frequency [Hz]

phas

e an

gle

[°]

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.1 1 2 5 8 10 15 20 30 40frequency [Hz]

s of

pha

se a

ngle

[°]

Delft – March 2007; Markus SPIEGL 11

Christian-Doppler-Laboratory for performance-based optimization of flexible pavements

Institute for Road Construction and Maintenance – Vienna University of Technology

• good function of test equipment check through verification tests by the Institute for Mechanics and Mechatronics

• rotation and translation (movies)

• stiffness values corresponding to producer specification

• good repeatability

• E* standard deviation less than 0.5 %

• test equipment fulfills the requirements of the EN 12697-26

CONCLUSIONS

Delft – March 2007; Markus SPIEGL 12

Christian-Doppler-Laboratory for performance-based optimization of flexible pavements

Institute for Road Construction and Maintenance – Vienna University of Technology

Thank youfor your

attention !

mspiegl@istu.tuwien.ac.at