Church History 3 The Canon Mark Hagen February 22, 2004.

Church History 3Church History 3The CanonThe CanonMark HagenMark Hagen

February 22, 2004February 22, 2004

Church History IIIChurch History IIIThe CanonThe Canon

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00 400400 A.D. A.D.100 100 A.D.A.D. 200200 A.D. A.D. 300300 A.D. A.D.


The Apocrypha:The Apocrypha:

TobitTobit 1 & 2 Esdras1 & 2 EsdrasJudithJudith Prayer of ManassasPrayer of ManassasBaruchBaruchWisdomWisdomSirach (Ecclesiasticus)Sirach (Ecclesiasticus)1 Maccabees1 Maccabees2 Maccabees2 MaccabeesAdditions to Daniel and EstherAdditions to Daniel and Esther


““These books [Apocrypha] were never accepted by These books [Apocrypha] were never accepted by the Jews as Scripture, but throughout the early the Jews as Scripture, but throughout the early history of the church there was a divided opinion on history of the church there was a divided opinion on whether they should be part of Scripture or not. In whether they should be part of Scripture or not. In fact, the earliest Christian evidence is decidedly fact, the earliest Christian evidence is decidedly against viewing the Apocrypha as Scripture, but the against viewing the Apocrypha as Scripture, but the use of the Apocrypha gradually increased in some use of the Apocrypha gradually increased in some parts of the church until the time of the parts of the church until the time of the Reformation. The fact that these books were Reformation. The fact that these books were included by Jerome in his Latin Vulgate translation of included by Jerome in his Latin Vulgate translation of the Bible (completed in A.D. 404) gave support to the Bible (completed in A.D. 404) gave support to their inclusion, even though Jerome himself said their inclusion, even though Jerome himself said they were not ‘books of the canon’ but merely they were not ‘books of the canon’ but merely ‘books of the church’ that were helpful and useful ‘books of the church’ that were helpful and useful for believers. . . .for believers. . . .


. . . The wide use of the Latin Vulgate in subsequent . . . The wide use of the Latin Vulgate in subsequent centuries guaranteed their continued accessibility, centuries guaranteed their continued accessibility, but the fact that they had no Hebrew original behind but the fact that they had no Hebrew original behind them, and their exclusion from the Jewish canon, as them, and their exclusion from the Jewish canon, as well as the lack of their citation in the New well as the lack of their citation in the New Testament, led many to view them with suspicion or Testament, led many to view them with suspicion or to reject their authority.”to reject their authority.”

Wayne Grudem, Wayne Grudem, Systematic TheologySystematic Theology


“ “It was not until 1546, at the Council of Trent, It was not until 1546, at the Council of Trent, that the Roman Catholic Church officially declared that the Roman Catholic Church officially declared the Apocrypha to be part of the canon (with the the Apocrypha to be part of the canon (with the exception of 1 and 2 Esdras and the Prayer of exception of 1 and 2 Esdras and the Prayer of Manasseh). It is significant that the Council of Trent Manasseh). It is significant that the Council of Trent was the response of the Roman Catholic Church to was the response of the Roman Catholic Church to the teachings of Martin Luther and the rapidly the teachings of Martin Luther and the rapidly spreading Protestant Reformation, and the books of spreading Protestant Reformation, and the books of the Apocrypha contain support for the Catholic the Apocrypha contain support for the Catholic teaching of prayers for the dead and justification by teaching of prayers for the dead and justification by faith plus works, not by faith alone.”faith plus works, not by faith alone.”

Wayne Grudem, Wayne Grudem, Systematic TheologySystematic Theology


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““The formation of the NT Canon must, The formation of the NT Canon must, therefore, be regarded as a process rather therefore, be regarded as a process rather than an event, and a historical rather than a than an event, and a historical rather than a biblical matter.”biblical matter.”

J. R. McRay, J. R. McRay, Evangelical Dict. of TheologyEvangelical Dict. of Theology, p.141, p.141


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St. John the Evangelist on St. John the Evangelist on PatmosPatmos

by Hans Burgkmair, German painter by Hans Burgkmair, German painter (1508)(1508)

MarcionMarcion The Canon MuratoriThe Canon Muratori EusebiusEusebiusAthanasiusAthanasius

(c. 140)(c. 140) (c. 200)(c. 200) (c. 325)(c. 325) (367)(367)MatthewMatthew MatthewMatthew MatthewMatthewMarkMark MarkMark MarkMark

LukeLuke LukeLuke LukeLuke LukeLukeJohnJohn JohnJohn JohnJohnActsActs ActsActs ActsActs

RomansRomans RomansRomans RomansRomans RomansRomans1&2 Corinthians1&2 Corinthians 1&2 Corinthians1&2 Corinthians 1&2 Corinthians1&2 Corinthians 1&2 1&2

CorinthiansCorinthiansGalatiansGalatians GalatiansGalatians GalatiansGalatians GalatiansGalatiansEphesiansEphesians EphesiansEphesians EphesiansEphesians EphesiansEphesiansPhilippiansPhilippians PhilippiansPhilippians PhilippiansPhilippians PhilippiansPhilippiansColossiansColossians ColossiansColossians ColossiansColossians ColossiansColossians1&2 Thess.1&2 Thess. 1&2 Thess.1&2 Thess. 1&2 Thess.1&2 Thess. 1&2 Thess.1&2 Thess.

1&2 Timothy1&2 Timothy 1&2 Timothy1&2 Timothy 1&2 Timothy1&2 TimothyTitusTitus TitusTitus TitusTitus

PhilemonPhilemon PhilemonPhilemonHebrewsHebrewsJamesJames

1 Peter1 Peter 1&2 Peter1&2 Peter1&2 John1&2 John 1 John1 John 1, 2 & 3 John1, 2 & 3 JohnJudeJude JudeJudeRevelation of JohnRevelation of John Revelation of JohnRevelation of John Revelation of Revelation of

JohnJohnWisdom of SolomonWisdom of SolomonRevelation of PeterRevelation of Peter


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St. John the Evangelist on St. John the Evangelist on PatmosPatmos

by Hans Burgkmair, German painter by Hans Burgkmair, German painter (1508)(1508)

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Church History 3 The Canon Mark Hagen February 22, 2004.

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