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• Circuits containing multiple elements
• Series and parallel combinations
• RC circuits
• Electricity in the nervous system
Chapter 23Circuits
Topics:
Sample question:
An electric eel can develop a potential difference of over 600 V. How do the cells of the electric eel’s body generate such a large potential difference?
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Reading Quiz 1. The bulbs in the circuit below are connected_________.
A. in seriesB. in parallel
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1. The bulbs in the circuit below are connected_________.
B. in parallel
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Answer
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Reading Quiz 2. Which terminal of the battery has a higher potential?
A. the top terminalB. the bottom terminal
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2. Which terminal of the battery has a higher potential?A. the top terminal
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Answer
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Reading Quiz 3. When three resistors are combined in series the total resistance
of the combination isA. greater than any of the individual resistance values.B. less than any of the individual resistance values.C. the average of the individual resistance values.
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3. When three resistors are combined in series the total resistance of the combination isA. greater than any of the individual resistance values.
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Answer
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Drawing Circuit Diagrams
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Checking Understanding
The following circuit has a battery, two capacitors and a resistor.
Which of the following circuit diagrams is the best representation of the above circuit?
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The following circuit has a battery, two capacitors and a resistor.
Which of the following circuit diagrams is the best representation of the above circuit?
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Answer
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Kirchhoff’s Laws
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Using Kirchhoff’s Laws
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The diagram below shows a segment of a circuit. What is the current in the 200 resistor?A. 0.5 AB. 1.0 AC. 1.5 AD. 2.0 AE. There is not enough information to decide.
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Clicker Question
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The diagram below shows a segment of a circuit. What is the current in the 200 resistor?
B. 1.0 A
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Answer
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The diagram below shows a circuit with two batteries and three resistors. What is the potential difference across the 200 resistor?
A. 2.0 VB. 3.0 VC. 4.5 VD. 7.5 VE. There is not enough information to decide.
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Clicker Question
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The diagram below shows a circuit with two batteries and three resistors. What is the potential difference across the 200 resistor?
A. 2.0 V
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Answer
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Series Resistors
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Parallel Resistors
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There is a current of 1.0 A in the circuit below. What is the resistance of the unknown circuit element?
What is the current out of the battery?
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Analyzing Complex Circuits
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What is the equivalent resistance of the following circuit?
Find the current in and the potential difference across each element in the following circuit.
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Household Electricity
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The following devices are plugged in to outlets on the same 120 V circuit in a house. This circuit is protected with a 15 A circuit breaker.
Device PowerComputer 250 WHeater 900 WLamp 100 WStereo 120 W
Is there too much current in the circuit—does the circuit breaker blow?
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Capacitor Combinations
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Which of the following combinations of capacitors has the highest capacitance?
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Which of the following combinations of capacitors has the highest capacitance?
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Answer
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Which of the following combinations of capacitors has the lowest capacitance?
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Which of the following combinations of capacitors has the lowest capacitance?
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Answer
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RC Circuits
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= RC
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The following circuits contain capacitors that are charged to 5.0 V. All of the switches are closed at the same time. After 1 second has passed, which capacitor is charged to the highest voltage?
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Additional Clicker Questions
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The following circuits contain capacitors that are charged to 5.0 V. All of the switches are closed at the same time. After 1 second has passed, which capacitor is charged to the highest voltage?
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Answer
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The following circuits contain capacitors that are charged to 5.0 V. All of the switches are closed at the same time. After 1 second has passed, which capacitor is charged to the lowest voltage?
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The following circuits contain capacitors that are charged to 5.0 V. All of the switches are closed at the same time. After 1 second has passed, which capacitor is charged to the lowest voltage?
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Answer
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Electricity in the Nervous System
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Saltatory Conduction
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There are some diseases that result in a thinning of the myelin sheath that surrounds peripheral neurons—those that carry signals between the spinal cord and the limbs. How will this thinning affect nerve conduction speed? Explain this using the model for nerve conduction developed in the chapter.
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1. In the circuit below, the switch is initially open and bulbs A and B are of equal brightness. When the switch is closed, what happens to the brightness of the two bulbs?
A. The brightness of the bulbs is not affected.B. Bulb A becomes brighter, bulb B dimmer.C. Bulb B becomes brighter, bulb A dimmer.D. Both bulbs become brighter.
Additional Clicker Questions
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1. In the circuit below, the switch is initially open and bulbs A and B are of equal brightness. When the switch is closed, what happens to the brightness of the two bulbs?
B. Bulb A becomes brighter, bulb B dimmer.
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Answer
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2. In the circuit shown below, the switch is initially closed and the bulb glows brightly. When the switch is opened, what happens to the brightness of the bulb?
A. The brightness of the bulb is not affected.B. The bulb gets dimmer.C. The bulb gets brighter.D. The bulb initially brightens, then dims.E. The bulb initially dims, then brightens.
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Additional Clicker Questions
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2. In the circuit shown below, the switch is initially closed and the bulb glows brightly. When the switch is opened, what happens to the brightness of the bulb?
B. The bulb gets dimmer.
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Answer
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Additional Examples
1. In the circuit shown below:A. Rank in order, from most to least bright, the brightness of
bulbs A–D. Explain.B. Describe what, if anything, happens to the brightness of
bulbs A, B, and D if bulb C is removed from its socket. Explain.
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Additional Examples
2. In the circuit shown below, rank in order, from most to least bright, the brightness of bulbs A–E. Explain.
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3. In the circuit shown below:A. How much power is dissipated by the 12 Ω resistor?B. What is the value of the potential at points a, b, c, and d?
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Additional Examples
