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Some blood facts
• The human body contains approximately 5 to 6L (men) and 4 to 5L (women) of blood
• Non- characteristic properties of blood:-_____________ - ____________- _____________ - _____________
Blood is a homogeneous mixture composed of formed elements (blood cells) and liquid plasma :
1. Red blood cells (______)2. White blood cells (______)3. ____________4. ____________ (fluid)
Blood Constituents
1. Red Blood Cells (RBCs) Small, round cells that lack a nucleus ___________________________ (inside
some, but not all bones) _________________________________
- Your body produces _______________ ________________________________
Contain red pigment called _____________ - a protein that enables the RBC to
transport O2 and CO2 around the body
Functions of the components of blood
2. White blood cells (WBCs) __________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ Provide immunity and defense against disease
– they _________________ (engulf and destroy) dead or damaged cells, old RBCs and bacteria
– they produce ________________ (a defense against bacteria)
Blood Cell production• Red and white blood cells are produced in the bone
marrow• Bone marrow is a jellylike substance inside the bones
that is composed of stem cells. • As the blood cells develop from the stem cells in the
marrow, they pass into the blood that passes through the bones
• Red marrow: _______________________________ __________________________________________• Yellow marrow. _____________________________ __________________________________________
3. Platelets:– Solid fragments stemming
from large cells in the bone marrow
– Play an important role in blood ________________
– ______________________________________
– Their role is to stop bleeding internally or externally
“Hemophilia?”– An inherited disorder where there is an
absence of platelets or the platelets do not clot properly. Individuals affected with this disorder bleed continuously when injured. They require clotting factor and often blood transfusions when hit or cut.
4. Plasma:
• Yellowish liquid composed of:– Water (90%)– Dissolved nutrients (glucose, amino acids, salts),
antibodies, hormones, and waste products • makes up approximately 55% of whole blood.
plasma
RBC, WBC, platelets
4 Main functions of plasma:1.carries nutrients to the cells
(These have been broken down in the digestive system and absorbed into the blood in the small intestine)
2. transports oxygen (which enters the blood by diffusion from the alveoli into
the capillaries)
3. Transports waste products from cellular activity to the excretory organs
4. Transports hormones, antibodies and various other substances
For homework(to be completed in your logbook)
- Make a study chart summarizing the components of blood and their functions.- Make sure to write short descriptions in your own words!!
Blood Component Function(s)
red blood cell
white blood cell
platelets
plasma
Blood Types and Blood Transfusions
Class Starter: 1)What are the different blood types that exist?
2)What determines what type of blood you have?3)Why can you die if you were to receive an
incompatible blood type?
What determines the different blood groups?Blood types are determined by the presence or absence of antigens on the surface of RBCs
A, B, Rh (Rhesus factor) = antigens (specific proteins) attached to RBCs
The different blood types are not spread out equally in the population
Blood Types
• The presence or absence of a third antigen (Rh) determines if the blood type is positive or negative
• Rh present = positive (+)• Rh not present = negative (-)
• This gives us 8 blood types:• A-, A+, B-, B+, AB-, AB+, O-, O+
Blood TypesBlood Group
Antigen
A+A-B+B-
AB+AB-O+
O-
Blood TypesBlood Group
Antigen
A+ A, RhA- AB+ B, RhB- B
AB+ A,B, RhAB- A, BO+ Rh
O- none
Blood Transfusions
• People who have blood diseases and others who require extensive surgery must receive blood transfusions
• A blood transfusion is the injection of blood into a person
• This requires:– a donor, the person who gives the blood– a recipient, the person who receives the blood
Fact:• In the 19th century, many blood transfusions
resulted in the recipients dying. • Why?• We know understand that there are specific
antibodies which circulate in a person’s blood• If a recipient’s antibodies match the donor’s
antigens, the antibodies in the recipient’s blood will attack the donor’s antigens resulting in blood coagulation and possible death
Blood Types
• The antigens on your RBCs will determine the antibodies that circulate in your blood
• The antibodies in your blood are the opposite of the antigens on your RBCs
BloodGroup
Antigens (surface)
Antibodies (in plasma)
A+ A, RhA- AB+ B, Rh
B- B,
AB+ A, B, RhAB - A, BO+ RhO - None
Blood Types
• The antigens on your RBCs will determine the antibodies that circulate in your blood
• The antibodies in your blood are the opposite of the antigens on your RBCs
BloodGroup
Antigens (surface)
Antibodies (in plasma)
A+ A, Rh BA- A RhB+ B, Rh A
B- B, A, Rh
AB+ A, B, Rh NoneAB - A, B RhO+ Rh A, BO - None A, B, Rh
Draw a picture to represent the antigens and antibodies present in each blood group
Blood Group
Antigens
A+
A-
B+
B-
Blood Group
Antigens
AB+
AB -
O+
O -
Blood Compatibility rules• Main rule:
– The donor’s blood cannot contain any antibodies that match the antigens on the recipients red blood cells
• Tricks – Similar blood types can always give blood to
eachother– + blood types CANNOT give blood to – blood types– – blood types CAN give blood to + blood types
• Universal donors: can give blood to anyone = type O- (because it has no antigens)
• Universal recipients: can receive blood from anyone = type AB+ (because it has no antibodies)
•
Blood TypesBlood Type
Can donate to: Can receive from:
A-A+B-B+AB-AB+O-O+
A
O ABB
How to determine what blood type a person is? A person’s blood group is determined by mixing
a drop of his or her blood with 3 different commercial serums (solutions with dissolved antibodies)
Anti- A serum Anti-B serum Anti-Rh serum
If agglutination (coagulation) takes place (small dots appear)it means that the RBCs have antigens matching that specific serum.
By determining which antigens are on the surface of the RBCs we can deduce what the blood type is
How to determine what blood type a person is?
• Blood sample X + anti-A serum = agglutination• Blood sample X + anti-B serum = no agglutination• Blood sample X + anti – Rh serum = no agglutination
– Sample X is blood type: A-
Determining blood groups
Blood Typing Activity
• Bottle 1 = Mr. Smith• Bottle 2 = Mr. Green• Bottle 3= Ms. Brown• Bottle 4= Mr. Jones
Blood types
• Blood typing game• Quiz• Lab activity
CREATING VACCINES web
• PBS nova:• BIO TERROR home page:
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/bioterror/
• Creating a vaccine GAME: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/bioterror/vaccines.html
