Circulatory System

By: Janice Kim & Peter JY Kim

What it isAKA “Cardiovascular System”

system that circulates the...

blood & lymph throughout the body

consists heart, lungs, etc.

Table of contents

Body’s transport system

A Closer Look at Blood Vessels

Blood and Lymph

Diseases & Health

Transport Systemcontains: heart, blood vessels, blood

3 jobs done

deliver needed material by blood

remove waste products

all body parts

Heart

hollow, muscular

every beat of pulse

cardiac muscle

structure

2 phases: atria contract, ventricles contract

muscles in ventricles contract, exert force on blood (heart to arteries)

Right & Left Ventricle

pacemaker: heart cells send signals out to make heart muscle contract

ex. faster hart beat, more oxygen in muscles, supplies blood

Two loops

3 types of blood vessels

arteries, capillaries, veins

Loop one & Loop Two

A closer look at blood vessels

Main function: arteries, capillaries, veins

Arteries: where blood travels once it leaves the heart

regulating blood flow: muscles are acting to control amount of blood flowing

structure

3 layers = connective, smooth, epithelial

pulse: cause by our arteries expanding and shrinking back again, spurting to cause the pulse

Capillaries: Materials exchanged between blood & body’s cell

Structure

only a cell thick, materials can pass easily through this

Diffusion: molecules move from higher concentration to lower concentration

Veins: After blood moves from capillaries, it enter the veins.

structure:

three layers same as arteries, but outer wall thinner

Blood and lymph

Blood= 4 components

1) Plasma: liquid part of blood

most material transports in blood

carries nutrients: glucose, fats, vitamins, minerals

plasma proteins (3)

regulate amount water in blood

produce white blood cells, fight disease

interacts with platelets to form blood clots

2) Red Blood Cells: take up oxygen in lungs, deliver it to cells else where in the body

no red blood cells = no oxygen to breathe

produce bone marrow

able to bend, twist easily, flexible to squeeze through narrow capillaries

mostly made up of hemooglubin

3) White Blood cells: body’s disease fighter

produced in bone marrow

recognize disease-causing organisms + alert body

produce chemicals to fight invaders

surround & kill

White and redDifferences between red & white

White

has fewer #: 1 white = 500-1000 red

can live months, years

Red

smaller

continued

4) Platelets: cell fragments in forming blood clots

collect, stick to the vessel at site of wound

release chemicals to start chain reaction

produce fibrin

stops the bleeding

Blood Types

marker molecules: proteins that are on red cells

determines blood type A, B, AB, O

determine type of blood to safely receive in transfusions

cross matching: 1) check blood type 2) donate blood used

“foreign markers” = clumping proteins

Chartcharacteristic Blood type A Blood Type B Blood Type AB Blood Type O

Marker Molecules on Red Blood Cells

Clumping Proteins

anti- B anti- A no clumping proteins

anti -A and anti- B

Blood Types that Can be Safely Received in Transfusion

A and O B and O A, B, AB, and O

O

Rh factor: protein on red blood cells

determined by marker on red blood cell

Rh positive = Rh marker

Rh negative = lack markers on cells

Rh negative receiving Rh positive = Rh clumping proteins in plasma (dangerous)

Lymphatic System

network of veinlike vessels that returns fluid to blood stream

lymph: fluid inside the system

water, dissolved materials (ex. glucose)

white blood cells that left capillaries

no pump, lymphs move slowly

lymph nodes: small knobs of tissue

filters lymph, trapping bacteria in fluid (larger)

diseases and Health

Atheroslerosis

artery wall thickens by fatty materials like cholesterols

reduce flow of blood to certain areas

less oxygen due to less blood flow

heart attack = serious

Hypertension

blood pressure higher than normal

heart work harder, damaging the heart & walls of blood vessels

not many symptoms

could be caused due to atherosclerosis

when arteries get narrower, blood pressure could increase

How to avoid

Have a healthy diet

reduce fats, cholesterol, sodium

avoid smoking to reduce chance

exercise and make good choices on food

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