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© 2006, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Presentation_ID.scr 1 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 1 BRKAGG-2017 Presentation_ID WiMAX © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 2 BRKAGG-2017 Presentation_ID Cisco Broadband Wireless Architecture
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Page 1: Cisco Broadband Wireless Architecture

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WiMAX

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Cisco Broadband Wireless Architecture

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Devices and services for converged

business and consumer

applications

Subscriber Devices and

Services

Cisco Broadband WirelessCisco’s End-to-End Broadband Wireless Architecture Is Divided into the Following Essential Elements

Mobile WiMAXand WiFi Mesh

access for licensed and unlicensed

deployments

Broadband Wireless Access

Carrier Ethernet

Control, optimization, and management for IP services and

applications

Service Exchange

Framework

Carrier-class infrastructure for

network and service

convergence

© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 4BRKAGG-2017Presentation_ID

Basics

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What Is WiMAX

Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access

More info: www.wimaxforum.org

“Standards-based technology enabling the delivery of last mile wireless broadband access as an alternative to cable and DSL”.

IEEE 802.16Fixed WiMAX (802.16-2004 a.k.a 802.16d)

No handoff between Base Stations

Mobile WiMAX (802.16e-2005 a.k.a 802.16e)

Can be used to deliver both fixed and mobile services

© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 6BRKAGG-2017Presentation_ID

WiMAX Basics

Physical Layer: Scalable OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)Unlike CSMA, OFDM does not have contention and collisionsThe minimum time-frequency resource allocated per user is called a slotEach slot consists of one subchannel over one, two, or three OFDM symbolsA contiguous series of slots assigned to a given user is called the user’s data regionThe scheduler allocates data regions to users based on demand, QoS requirements, and channel conditions

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WiMAX End to End Reference Model

R1: 802.16e (MSS-ASN)

R2: MSS – CSN

R3: ASN GW – HA

R4: Inter-ASN

R5: CSN-CSN

R6: BS - ASNGW

R8: Inter BS

MSS – Mobile Subscriber Station

NAP – Network Access Provider

NSP – Network Service Provider

ASN

MSS

CSN

R2

R3

AnotherASN

R4 V-NSP

NAP

ASN

R1ASNGW

BS

BS

R6

HAR8

CSN

H-NSP

R5 HA

AAA AAA

DHCPDNS

DHCPDNS

ACCESS SERVICE NETWORK (ASN)Access gateway (ASN GW) – provides the micro-mobility anchor point and supports bearer services. Also supports the Foreign Agent.Base station (BS) – provides the radio dependent functions and has limited IP functionality

CORE SERVICES NETWORK (CSN)Home agent (HA) – provides the macro-mobility anchor point and supports bearer services, if roaming/mobility is desired. Other Network Elements such as AAA, DHCP servers and more are also in the CSN.

ASP NetworkOr Internet

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WiMAX ProfilesSummary

Profile A: Central radio resource management in ASN-GW approachProfile B: Closed interfaces favor radio network (BS) vendorsProfile C: Open interfaces with separation between radio and network functionality favors Cisco

PHY and partly MAC in BTSHandover-Control (RRM) in ASNGWRouting and AAA/Paging in ASN-GW

BSBSBS

ASNASN-GW

[BSC]

A

All radio-specific functions in BSHandover-Control (RRM) in BSRouting and AAA/Paging in ASN-GW

ASNGW

BSBSBS

ASNCBSBSBS

Most ASN functions in BSBS anchored by standard router Inter-BS control over Ethernet

B ASN

unspecifieddecomposition

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WiMAX QoS and Scheduling SchemesSpecifications and Applications…

Service Flows:Mechanism defined in Mobile WiMAX to provide QoS

Uni-directional flow of packets associated with certain defined QoS parameters for traffic

Packet Classifiers:Each service flow also has packet classifiers associated with it to determine criteria used by the MAC layer to associate packets into service flows

Mobile WiMAX scheduling based on QoS service Flows associated with each packet

QoS Category Applications QoS Specifications

UGSUnsolicited Grant

Service

VoIP • Maximum Sustained Rate

• Maximum Latency• Jitter Tolerance

rtVRReal-Time Variable

Rate Service

Streaming Audio or Video

• Minimum Reserved Rate

• Maximum Sustained Rate

• Maximum Latency• Traffic Priority

ErtVRExtended Real-Time

Variable Rate Service

Voice with Activity Detection (VoIP)

• Minimum Reserved Rate

• Maximum Sustained Rate

• Maximum Latency• Jitter Tolerance• Traffic Priority

nrtVRNon-Real-Time Variable Rate

Service

FTPFile Transfer Protocol

• Minimum Reserved Rate

• Maximum Sustained Rate

• Traffic Priority

BEBest-Effort Service

Data, Web Browsing, etc.

• Maximum Sustained Rate

• Traffic Priority

*Not all of these QoS Categories are supported by Cisco Base station

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Cisco’s WiMAXPortfolio

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Cisco Broadband Wireless AccessMobile WiMAX Networking

WiMAX 802.16e-2005 certifiableIndustry-leading RF Link-BudgetFirst Mobile WiMAX with Adaptive Beamforming; Advanced Antenna Systems (AAS)Combines Beamforming+MIMOfor capacity & class-leading performance

BWX 8305 8-element array provides 120° sector coverage with Beamforming & MIMOBWX 2305 2-element antenna provides in-fill coverage with MIMO & diversity

BWX 8305 / 2305 Mobile WiMAXBasestations

BWX 8305 / 2305 Mobile WiMAX Antennas

Cisco BWX 8300 Series Broadband Wireless Access System

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Typical BaseStation Configuration120-Degree Sectors

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External GPS Unit (EGU)

EGU

GPSAntenna

Lightningarrestor

coaxial cables with 90º BNC connectors

N-typeCoaxcable

N-typeCoaxcable

© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 14BRKAGG-2017Presentation_ID

Integrated Services Routers

(800 through 3800 Series)

Linksys SPA8000 Phone Adapter

Small / Medium Business Access

Residential Access

Linksys WRP400 Triple-Play Router

Linksys SPA2102 Phone Adapter

Integrated Integrated Services Services RouterRouter

WiMAX ModemIntegrated Beam

forming and MIMO

Customer Premise Equipment

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Beamforming Uses Antenna Array and Signal Processing Techniques to Maximize Signal Strength for Subscriber Devices

+18 dB

+9 dB

No Beamforming

Cisco’s Beamforming Implementation

Sector Antenna

Cisco 8-Element 120°Beamforming Array

0 dB

Cisco Broadband Wireless AccessMobile WiMAX Beamforming Innovation

Energy is dispersed across an entire 90° or 120° sectorGain decreases quickly with distance, degrading performanceLimited coverage. Cells must be tightly spaced for good performanceInter-cell interference adversely affects frequency reuse

Array is recalibrated every 5ms, energy is focused at individual subscribersGain (64x) remains high over long distances, improving performanceExpanded Coverage. Cells can be widely spaced while providing good performanceInter-cell interference is minimized, allowing maximum frequency reuse

© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 16BRKAGG-2017Presentation_ID

Adaptive Beamforming Using Many Antenna Elements—A Cisco Leadership Technology—Is Most EffectiveSwitched Lobe Beamforming Adaptive Beamforming

Multiple directionalsub-sector antennasFixed, static lobesLobe selected based on received signal strength

4-element dynamic phased antenna arrayFixed, static beamsSingle beam selected based on angle of arrivalMultipath inhibits beam selection

8-element dynamic phased antenna arrayInfinite, dynamic beamsNew beams calculated every 5ms based on angle of arrival, phase, and signal strength for each userMultipath leveraged for optimum performance

Inefficient, Inflexible, Low Gain

Poor Multipath Performance, Moderate Gain

High Gain, Maximum Coverage, Excellent

Multipath Performance

Cisco Broadband Wireless AccessBeamforming Alternatives Explained

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Single-Input Single-OutputSingle antennas at both base station and subscriber deviceUsed in WiMAX Wave 1 deployments

TT RR

TT RR

TT RR

S2 S1

MIMO Matrix-A (Space Time Coding) Symbols are sent redundantly in both space and timeStreams are reconstructed using intact symbols at the receiverIncreases link reliability and fading margins (+3 dB)

MIMO Matrix-B (Spatial Multiplexing)Symbols are divided and multiplexed in spaceMultipath must exist to prevent signals from becoming coherent and therefore indistinguishable at the receiverIncreases throughput for stationary subscriber devices

S2

S1

TT RR

TT RR

S1S3

S4

MIMO Antenna Systems Enable Techniques that Improve Received Power Levels, Path Reliability, and Path Performance

S2

Cisco Broadband Wireless AccessMobile WiMAX MIMO Explained

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Cisco Broadband WirelessASN Gateway Services

Enables open Mobile WiMAX ASN architectures for maximum design & deployment flexibilityBuilt on the Cisco 7600 Series – the carrier-class converged services platform providing access to thousands of IOS featuresThe most powerful ASN-GW platform available –scalable from 5 to 45 GbpsMPLS and IPSec VPNs enables secure residential and business services over a common infrastructurePart of the Cisco Service Exchange Framework, enabling precise control over each subscriber’s quality of experience

Performance, scalability, and sophisticated features ensure maximum value for service providers

Cisco Broadband Wireless Gateway (BWG)—A High Performance Open Profile-C ASN Gateway for Mobile WiMAX Access

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WiMAX Service Offerings

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Wholesale Services

Residential Services Business Services

WiMAX Services

Internet AccessParental ControlResidential VoiceWalled Garden

Managed Voice

L2 VPN

L3 VPN (MPLS)

Internet access

Internet Access

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Split Services Architecture

Business Services (Ethernet and MPLS Services)Centralized Control Plane FunctionDistributed bearer enables transport efficiency

Layer-2 switched locally at base station, or in Carrier Ethernet across bridge domainsLayer-3 controlled centrally, switching/routing inCarrier Ethernet

Traffic carried as Ethernet packets

Residential ServicesCentralized Control and Data Plane FunctionEnables control of subscriber traffic and servicesEnable Tiered Services and Flexible MeteringSimplifies the transport network designScales Ethernet based transport network

Enables flexible deployment, tight service control, and transport efficiency

© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 22BRKAGG-2017Presentation_ID

Business Deployment TopologyASN CONNECTIVITY SERVICE NETWORK

P

PDistribution

P

PP P

CPE

ISP

Residential

Residential

BusinessCorporate

BRAS

PE

Voice

1:1 VLAN to MPLS VPN

RGMPLS (Corporate VPN)

EoMPLS or VPLS

1:1 VLAN to L2 VPNEoMPLS or VPLS

N:1 VLAN (bundled) to L2 VPN

PBX

Aggregation

Access

EoMPLS

EoMPLS

EoMPLS

BTS

BTS

BWG

BWG

BWG

BWG

BWGR6 CTL to BWG

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Residential Deployment TopologyASN CONNECTIVITY SERVICE NETWORK

P

PDistribution

P

PP P

CPE

ISP

Residential

Residential

BusinessCorporate

BRAS

PE

Voice

RG

Internet VPN

Aggregation

Access

R6 GRE

RG

ISG

ISG

ISG

Internet VPNR6 GRE

Voice VPN

BTS

BTS

BWG

BWG

BWG

© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 24BRKAGG-2017Presentation_ID

Service Exchange Framework

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Devices and services for converged

business and consumer

applications

Subscriber Devices and

Services

Cisco Broadband WirelessCisco’s End-to-End Broadband Wireless Architecture Is Divided into the Following Essential Elements

Mobile WiMAXand WiFi Mesh

access for licensed and unlicensed

deployments

Broadband Wireless Access

Carrier Ethernet

Control, optimization, and management for IP services and

applications

Service Exchange

Framework

Carrier-class infrastructure for

network and service

convergence

© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 26BRKAGG-2017Presentation_ID

Provides the Information Service Providers Need to Guide And Measure Each Subscriber’s Experience

Who?Who? Where?Where?

How?How?What?What?

Who is the user?Subscriber identification

Device identificationSubscriber and Device Profiles

Presence and availability

Where can the user go?Track devices across carriers

Maintain sessions across networksProvide service consistency

What can the user do?Within what timeframes

To what networksTo what services

Under what conditions or restrictions

How are resources allocated? Network interworkingRich media control

Service awareness and controlPer-service, per-subscriber charging

Service Exchange

Framework

Service Exchange Framework

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The Intelligent Services Gateway Coordinates Policy Management and Service Control For Consumer Services

Service Exchange Framework enables a personalizedsubscriber experience

Service Control

Identity Tracking

Service Management

Operations Integration

IdentityIdentityBillingBillingDHCPDHCPRadiusRadiusOSS/BSSOSS/BSS

Network Operations and Provisioning

ISG

Intelligent Services Gateway (ISG)

Tracks subscriber identity to enable personalized services

Applies and distributes policies for tiered service delivery

Enables low-touch, no-touch, and self-service subscriber provisioning

Mediates access to 3rd-party application partners to maximize service innovation and revenue

Enables monetization of any service—internal, blended, or over-the-top

© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 28BRKAGG-2017Presentation_ID

ISG Layered Policy Control and EnforcementKey to Scalable Session Control

Data

Identification/Classification

(ACL)

Flow Feature NetworkService

(route/forward)

Policy EnforcementPoint (PEP)

ISG Network Element Services

(Access/Aggregation)

Central Services(Application &

Policy)Multiple Layers

through ISP SP etc.

Con

trol

plan

eP

olic

ypl

aneEnhanced

Scalability of Policy Signaling

and Control;DistributedProcessing

EnhancedScalability of

Policy Signaling and Control;DistributedProcessing Event

Event

EventBusiness Policy

Decisions: Centralized

Business Policy Decisions:

Centralized

Signaling/Network Policy Decisions:

Distributed

Signaling/Network Policy Decisions:

Distributed

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BandwidthManagement

Identity Address MgmtPortal Subscriber DatabaseMonitoring Policy Definition

Billing

OSS

SCE

Portal

Policy

Usage Analysis InternetService Creation

-Enable better network management and capacity planning-Uncover service and revenue opportunities

- Improve customer experience- Manage network OPEX/CAPEX

- Market tuned service-plans (power-users, gamers, family-friendly)

OSS

Service Control (SCE)Application Layer Visibility and Control

Internet

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Conclusion

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Access Agnostic Backend

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Deliver Services

Deploy Networks

Accelerate Demand

Optimize Business

For faster ROI, increased SP

revenue

For higher growth and faster time to

market

For increased relevance and

retention

To decrease capital and operational

expenses

SummaryCisco Broadband Wireless Enables the Connected Life, and Service Provider Success by Helping Them

Using an end-to-end service-enabled IP NGN architecture

Using easily deployed broadband

wireless networks

By delivering data, voice, and video

services – at home, at work, on the move

Using Carrier Ethernet and

Service Exchange Framework


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