Cisco Next-Gen Cell Site Backhaul Unified MPLS for Mobile ... · PDF fileBackhaul Unified MPLS...

Cisco Confidential © 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 1

Cisco Next-Gen Cell Site Backhaul Unified MPLS for Mobile Transport

Marcelo Rosa Network Consulting Engineer – Service Providers

May, 2013

© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 2

• Unified MPLS for Mobile Transport (UMMT) System Overview

• UMMT System Architecture

• LTE Backhaul Alternatives

• UMMT Functional Considerations

QoS

Resiliency

OAM and PM

Synchronization Distribution

Security

Management

• Summary and Key Takeaways

UMMT System Overview


• Unified MPLS transport simplifies the end-to-end architecture, eliminating the control and management plane translations inherent in legacy designs

Provides seamless MPLS LSPs across Access, Aggregation & Core

Provisioning of services requires configuration of edge devices only.

• Flexible placement of L3 and L2 transport to support retail and wholesale backhaul for 2G, 3G, and 4G services

Different deployment options optimized for different topologies

• Delivers a new level of scale for MPLS transport with RFC-3107 hierarchical labeled BGP LSPs

• Simplified carrier-class operations with end-to-end OAM, performance monitoring, and LFA FRR fast convergence protection for any topology

• Extensible to wireline residential, business L2 and L3 VPNs, and IP services in both retail and wholesale service models.


• Introduction of Unified MPLS Concept for Mobile Transport

Scale to 60K nodes.

Focus on LTE Service Transport

End-to-end MPLS deployment for single control plane and operational model

• ASR 901, ME 3800X, ASR 9000

• End-to-end OAM and Performance Management

Single control plane enables seamless fault and performance monitoring

• Synchronous Ethernet

Stable, scalable frequency distribution for LTE services

• Comprehensive QoS Model

Enables DiffServe Queuing, Hierarchical QoS, coexistence with Wireline services


• BGP PIC Edge & Core on ASR9K for Labeled Unicast

Improved convergence over release 1.0. Scale to 100K nodes.

Only architecture to provide L2 and L3VPN support in a single architecture

• IEEE 1588v2 Boundary Clock in Aggregation

Greater scalability for packet-based timing

• TDM transport in Access and Aggregation

Provides BSC connectivity. On par with competitors

• Microwave partnerships with NEC and NSN

NSN validation includes 1588 interop testing.

• ASR 903 Platform

Small, modular aggregation platform with growth for future BW requirements


• New Unified MPLS Models

Labeled BGP Access. Provides highest scalability, plus wireline coexistence.

v6VPN for LTE transport.

• IEEE 1588v2 Boundary Clock and SyncE/1588v2 Hybrid models

Greater scalability & resiliency for packet-based timing in Access and Aggregation

• ATM/TDM transport end-to-end

ATM provides transport for legacy 3G services

PW Redundancy with MR-APS (Multi-Router Automated Protection System)

• New Network Availability Models:

Remote LFA FRR, labeled BGP PIC Core and Edge, MPLS VPN BGP PIC Edge. Most comprehensive resiliency functionality.

• ME3600X-24CX Platform

2RU fixed-configuration 40Gb/s platform supporting Ethernet and TDM

• Network Management, Service Management and Assurance with Prime


200+ Operators in 75+ Countries

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UMMT System Architecture


MPLS MPLS MPLS

• In general transport platforms, a service has to be configured on every network element via operational points. The management system has to know the topology.

• Goal is to minimize the number of operational points

• With the introduction of MPLS within the aggregation, some static configuration is avoided.

• Only with the integration of all MPLS islands, the minimum number of operational points is possible.

MPLS Access AGG AGG

LER LSR LER

AGG AGG Access

Operational Touch Points


Core Domain

MPLS/IP

IGP Area

Aggregation Node

Aggregation Node

Aggregation Node

Aggregation Domain MPLS/IP

IGP Area/Process

Aggregation Node

Aggregation Node

Aggregation Node

Aggregation Domain MPLS/IP

IGP Area/Process

RAN MPLS/IP

IGP Area/Process

RAN MPLS/IP

IGP Area/Process

Core

Core

Core

Core

Node Access Domain Aggregation Domain Network Wide

Cell Site Gateways 20 2,400 60,000

Pre-Aggregation Nodes 2 240 6,000

Aggregation Nodes NA 12 300

Core ABRs NA 2 50

Mobile transport Gateways NA NA 20

~ 67,000

IGP Routes!

~45

IGP

Routes

~45

IGP

Routes

~ 2,500

IGP Routes!

~ 2,500

IGP Routes!

LDP LSP LDP LSP LDP LSP

~254 IGP Routes

~ 6,020 BGP Routes

~45

IGP

Routes

~70 IGP Routes

~ 67,000 BGP Routes

~254 IGP Routes

~ 6,020 BGP Routes

~45

IGP

Routes

LDP LSP LDP LSP LDP LSP LDP LSP LDP LSP

iBGP Hierarchical LSP

Reduction in BGP routes towards Access


TDM/ATM

Pre-Aggregation Node

3800X, 3600X-24CX, ASR-903

DWDM, Fiber Rings, Mesh Topology DWDM, Fiber Rings, H&S, Hierarchical Topology Fiber or uWave Link, Ring

Core Network Mobile Access Network Aggregation Network

Core Node

CRS-3, ASR-9000

IP/MPLS Transport

BSC

ATM RNC

V4 or v6 MPLS VPN

SGW

TDM BTS/ATM NodeB

IP/MPLS Transport

Core Node

CRS-3, ASR-9000

Cell Site Gateway (CSG)

ASR-901

IP/MPLS Transport

SGW

MME

X2-C, X2-U

S1-U

S1-C

eNodeB

Mobile Transport Gateway (MTG) ASR-9000

MTG

MTG

MTG

MTG

Aggregation Node

ASR-9000

CSG

CSG

ETH RNC

3G NodeB

MTG CSG

V4 or v6 MPLS VPN


• The network is organized in distinct IGP/LDP domains

Domains defined via multi-area IGP, different autonomous systems or different IGP processes.

No redistribution between domains

Intra-domain communication based on IGP/LDP LSPs.

• The network is integrated with a hierarchical MPLS control and data plane based on RFC-3107: BGP IPv4 unicast +label (AFI/SAFI=1/4)

Inter-domain communication based on labeled BGP LSPs initiated/terminated by the Unified MPLS PEs.

LSPs are switched by Unified MPLS ABRs or ASBRs interconnecting the domains, configured as labeled iBGP RRs with Next Hop Self


RAN IP/MPLS domain

Core Node

Core Node

Core Node

Core Node


iBGP (eBGP across ASes) Hierarchical LSP

• The Mobile Core, Aggregation, Access Network enable Unified MPLS Transport

• The Core, Aggregation, Access are organized as independent IGP/LDP domains

• Core and Aggregation Networks may be in different Autonomous Systems, in which case the inter-

domain LSP is enabled by labeled eBGP in between ASes

• The network domains are interconnected with hierarchical LSPs based on RFC 3107, BGP

IPv4+labels. Intra domain connectivity is based on LDP LSPs

• The Access Network Nodes learn only the required labelled BGP FECs, with selective distribution of

the MPC and RAN neighbouring labelled BGP communities

RAN IP/MPLS domain

Core Network

IP/MPLS Domain


Aggregation Network

IP/MPLS

Domain

Aggregation Node


Aggregation Network

IP/MPLS

Domain

Core Node

Aggregation Node

Aggregation Node

Aggregation Node

Core Node

Core Node

Core Node

Mobile Transport GW

Mobile Transport GW

CSG

CSG

CSG CSG

CSG

CSG

Validated in

UMMT 3.0


• Only the MPC community is distributed to RAN access

• The RAN Common Community is only distributed to MTGs


• Unified MPLS transport with a common MPLS VPN for LTE S1 from all CSGs and X2 per LTE region.

• Mobile Transport GWs import all RAN & MPC Route Targets, and export prefixes with MPC Route Target

• CSGs (and/or Pre-Aggregation Node) in a RAN region import the MPC and regional RAN Route Targets:

Enables S1 control and user plane with any MPC locations in the core

Enables X2 across CSGs in the RAN region

• MPLS VPN availability based on BGP PIC Edge and infrastructure LSP based LFA FRR

• Pre-Aggregation Nodes and Core POP Nodes form inline RR hierarchy for the MPLS VPN service

Core ABRs perform BGP community based Egress filtering to drop unwanted remote RAN VPNv4 prefixes

Pre-Aggregation Nodes implement RT Constrained Route Distribution towards CSR VPNv4 clients



BGP Inbound Route Filter 1) Accept MTG community 1001:1001

2) Accept remote loopbacks for configured wireline services

3) Drop

BGP Inbound Route Filter: 1) Accept MTG community 1001:1001

2) Accept remote loopbacks for configured wireline services

3) Drop

CSG

CSG

CN-RR RR

iBGP

IPv4 + label

Core Network

IS-IS L2

Access Network

OPSF 0 / IS-IS L2

Aggregation Network

IS-IS L1

Aggregation Network

IS-IS L1

Mobile Access Network

OPSF 0 / IS-IS L2

iBGP

IPv4 + label

iBGP

IPv4 + label

iBGP

IPv4 + label iBGP

IPv4 + label

CN-ABR

Inline RR

CN-ABR

Inline RR

BGP Egress filter towards CSGs: 1) Allow MTG community 1001:1001

2) Allow common wireline community 20:20

3) Drop

BGP Egress filter towards CSGs: 1) Allow MTG community 1001:1001

2) Allow common wireline community 20:20

3) Drop

CSG CSG

CSG

CSG

PAN

Inline RR

PAN

Inline RR

MTG

MTG

EoMPLS Pseudowire

Advertise loopback in iBGP with

Local RAN community 10:0201,

Common RAN community 10:10,

and Common Wireline Community

20:20

Advertise loopback in iBGP with

Local RAN community 10:0101,

Common RAN community 10:10,

and Common Wireline Community

20:20

• MTG and Common wireline communities distributed to RAN access

• Common RAN Community is only distributed to MTGs

• CSG accepts MTG & remote loopbacks for configured wireline services

LTE Backhaul Alternatives


MME Pool

S-GW

S1-C (Control Plane)

S1-U (Data Plane)

X2 (Control & Data Plane)


Source: NGMN LTE Backhauling Deployment Scenarios Whitepaper

U

C

M

T

User Plane

Control Plane

Transport (User+Control)

S

Management

Synchronization


X2 Applications1

• Mobility Support

• Load Management

• Inter-cell Interference Coord.

• Management

• Application Data Exchange

• Trace Functions

• Self Optimization

1: 3GPP TS 36.420

2: NGMN Guidelines for LTE Backhaul Traffic Estimation

3: NGMN Optimized Backhaul Requirements

4: Qualcomm - Centralized Scheduling for Joint Transmission Coordinated Multi-Point in LTE-Advanced

Interconnects

Neighbor eNodeBs

Bandwidth is a

percentage of S1 –

typically up to 5%2 With CoMP, latency of 5ms

equals 20% throughput

reduction; recommended 1ms4

Recommended

Latency: 10ms3


1: 3GPP TS 36.420

2: NGMN Guidelines for LTE Backhaul Traffic Estimation

3: NGMN Optimized Backhaul Requirements

4: Qualcomm - Centralized Scheduling for Joint Transmission Coordinated Multi-Point in LTE-Advanced

With CoMP, latency of 5ms

equals 20% throughput

reduction; recommended 1ms4

4G LTE Advanced CoMP, coordinated multipoint is

used to send and receive data to and from a UE

from several points to ensure the optimum

performance is achieved even at cell edges.

• Joint simultaneous transmission of user data

from multiple eNBs to a single UE

• Dynamic cell selection with data transmission

from one eNB

One of the key requirements for LTE is

that it should be able to provide a very low

level of latency


Data forwarding over X2 interface only during the handover

Fully eNB controlled, the EPC network is notified at the end

Better performance than S1 based handover, but requires additional connectivity in the RAN

eNB eNB

MME SGW

Measurement

Reports

HO Request

HO Request Ack.

HO Command Data forwarding

HO

Confirm

Path Switch Req.

Update Bearer


• MPLS-TP favors a circuit-oriented approach

• MPLS IP VPN favors a mesh oriented approach

• Both will work, but with major operational differences

• Cisco can implement both simultaneously in the same network

MPLS-TP

MPLS IP VPN


• At least one TP tunnel for each eNodeB (likely 2 with mgmt VLAN)

• X2 traffic switched at the MTG

• During handoff: latency = 3 x S1 latency

RAN IP/MPLS domain

Core Node

Core Node

Core Node

Core Node

Core Network

IP/MPLS Domain

Aggregation Node


Aggregation Network

IP/MPLS

Domain

Core Node

Aggregation Node

Core Node

Mobile Transport GW

CSG

CSG

CSG

* Backup Tunnels not shown for simplicity


• Number of TP tunnels proportional to the number of eNodeBs

Management tunnels not shown – one more per eNodeB

• Requires separate IP subnets / VLAN for X2 traffic on eNodeB

Large layer 2 domain on RAN region: security and broadcast/loop control very hard

• Inter RAN Area X2 still flows through the Core

RAN IP/MPLS domain

Core Node

Core Node

Core Node

Core Node

Core Network

IP/MPLS Domain

Aggregation Node


Aggregation Network

IP/MPLS

Domain

Core Node

Aggregation Node

Core Node

Mobile Transport GW

CSG

CSG

CSG



• VRFs provisioned on each CSG (Transport VRF, MGMT VRF, etc)

• MPLS control plane and IGP scale with UMMT solution

• Optimal routing for X2 traffic: minimum latency possible

• Wholesale made easy by creating additional VRFs

RAN IP/MPLS domain

Core Node

Core Node

Core Node

Core Node

Core Network

IP/MPLS Domain

Aggregation Node


Aggregation Network

IP/MPLS

Domain

Core Node

Aggregation Node

Core Node

Mobile Transport GW

CSG

CSG

CSG VR

F

VR

F

VR

F

VR

F


1. New MTG and EPC gateways provisioned

2. Current TP tunnels torn down

3. New TP tunnels provisioned

4. eNodeBs reconfigured (synchronized with TP tunnels)

RAN IP/MPLS domain

Core Node

Core Node

Core Node

Core Node

Core Network

IP/MPLS Domain

Aggregation Node


Aggregation Network

IP/MPLS

Domain

Core Node

Aggregation Node

Core Node

Mobile Transport GW

Mobile Transport GW

CSG

CSG

CSG



1. New MTG and EPC gateways provisioned

2. eNodeBs reconfigured

RAN IP/MPLS domain

Core Node

Core Node

Core Node

Core Node

Core Network

IP/MPLS Domain

Aggregation Node


Aggregation Network

IP/MPLS

Domain

Core Node

Aggregation Node

Core Node

Mobile Transport GW

Mobile Transport GW

CSG

CSG

CSG VR

F

VR

F

VR

F

VR

F

VR

F


1. New MTG and EPC gateways provisioned closer to the agg

2. Current TP tunnels torn down

3. More and more TP tunnels provisioned due to EPC distribution

4. eNodeBs reconfigured (synchronized with TP tunnels)

RAN IP/MPLS domain

Core Node

Core Node

Core Node

Core Node

Core Network

IP/MPLS Domain

Aggregation Node


Aggregation Network

IP/MPLS

Domain

Core Node

Aggregation Node

Core Node

Mobile Transport GW

Mobile Transport GW

CSG

CSG

CSG



1. New MTG and EPC gateways provisioned closer to the agg

2. eNodeBs reconfigured

RAN IP/MPLS domain

Core Node

Core Node

Core Node

Core Node

Core Network

IP/MPLS Domain

Aggregation Node


Aggregation Network

IP/MPLS

Domain

Core Node

Aggregation Node

Core Node

Mobile Transport GW

Mobile Transport GW

CSG

CSG

CSG


VR

F

VR

F

VR

F

VR

F

VR

F


• Peering Router connects to the Partner SP

• S1 Tunnels provisioned to the Peering Point (no traffic separation)

• X2 Tunnels provisioned between Partner SP Cell Sites (duplicated on shared Cell Sites)

RAN IP/MPLS domain

Core Node

Core Node

Core Node

Core Node

Core Network

IP/MPLS Domain

Aggregation Node


Aggregation Network

IP/MPLS

Domain

Core Node

Aggregation Node

Core Node

Mobile Transport GW

Mobile Transport GW

CSG

CSG

CSG

Peering Point


Partner SP


• Peering Router connects to Partner SP

• Partner VRF configured on Cell Site Gateways

• Additional VRFs can be configured as needed, where needed (i.e.: Cell Site Security Cameras)

RAN IP/MPLS domain

Core Node

Core Node

Core Node

Core Node

Core Network

IP/MPLS Domain

Aggregation Node


Aggregation Network

IP/MPLS

Domain

Core Node

Aggregation Node

Core Node

Mobile Transport GW

Mobile Transport GW

CSG

CSG

CSG VR

F

VR

F

VR

F

VR

F

VR

F

Peering Point

Partner SP

VR

F

VR

F

VR

F

VR

F

UMMT Functional Aspects QoS


• QoS Class Identifier (QCI): Scalar that controls bearer level QoS treatment, LTE QoS parameters are enforced at EPS Bearer level

• GBR Bearer: Guaranteed Bit Rate (GBR): Bit rate that a GBR bearer is expected to provide

Maximum Bit Rate (MBR): Limits the bit rate a GBR bearer is expected to provide

• Non-GBR Bearer: Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate (AMBR): Limits the bit rate a set of Non-GBR bearers is expected to provide on a per UE or per APN basis

• Allocation and Retention Policy (ARP): Controls how a bearer establishment or modification request can be accepted when resources are constrained.

• IP pkts mapped to same EPS bearer receive same treatment. User IP packets are filtered onto appropriate bearer by TFTs.

• Default bearer always established with QoS values assigned by MME from data retrieved from HSS.


QCI

Value

Resource

Type

Priority Delay

Budget (1)

Error Loss

Rate (2)

Example Services

1 (3) 2 100 ms 10-2 Conversational Voice

2 (3)

GBR

4 150 ms 10-3 Conversational Video (Live Streaming)

3 (3) 3 50 ms 10-3 Real Time Gaming

4 (3) 5 300 ms 10-6 Non-Conversational Video (Buffered

Streaming)

5 (3) 1 100 ms 10-6 IMS Signalling

6 (4)

6

300 ms

10-6

Video (Buffered Streaming)

TCP-based (e.g., www, e-mail, chat, ftp, p2p

file sharing, progressive video, etc.)

7 (3) Non-GBR 7 100 ms

10-3

Voice, Video (Live Streaming), Interactive

Gaming

8 (5)

8

300 ms

10-6

Video (Buffered Streaming)

TCP-based (e.g., www, e-mail, chat, ftp, p2p

sharing, progressive download, etc.)

9 (6) 9


• Core, Aggregation, Access

Differentiated Services QoS, MPLS EXP classification, diffserv queuing

• Microwave Access Networks

Hierarchical QOS with parent aggregate PIR/shape to the microwave speed, child differentiated services QoS, MPLS EXP classification, diffserv queuing

• UNI Class Mappings:

Ethernet UNI classification based on IP DSCP or Ethernet CoS. Values are mapped to corresponding MPLS EXP values for proper queuing.

Generally the diffserv mapping is done in base stations, radio controllers and gateways, and honored by the transport network.

TDM UNI is mapped to MPLS EXP 5 for proper EF PHB treatment.

ATM UNI has ATM CoS mapped to corresponding MPLS EXP values per-VC or per-VC bundle at ingress interface for proper PHB treatment.


Traffic Class LTE

QCI Resource

DiffServ

PHB

Core, Aggregation,

Access Network

Mobile Access

UNI

MPLS/IP IP NodeB, eNodeB

ATM NodeB

MPLS EXP DSCP ATM

Network Management 7 Non-GBR AF 7 56 VBR-nrt

Network Control Protocols 6 Non-GBR AF 6 48 VBR-nrt

Network Sync (1588 PTP , ACR)

Mobile Conversation (Voice & Video)

Signaling (GSM Abis, UMTS Iub control, LTE S1c, X2c)

1

2

3

GBR EF 5 46 CBR

Reserved 4 - AF 4 32 VBR-nrt

Hosted Video 5 Non-GBR AF 3 24 VBR-nrt

Reserved 8 - AF 2

1

16

8 VBR-nrt

Internet

Best Effort 9 Non-GBR BE 0 0 UBR



IP/MPLS Transport

IP/MPLS Transport IP/MPLS Transport

Mobile Transport Gateway

(MTG) ASR-9000

RT

AF

BE

RT

AF

BE

RT

AF

BE

RT

AF

BE

RT

AF

BE

RT

AF

BE

Downstream Traffic

CSG Pre-Aggregation Aggregation Core ABR MTG

RT

AF

BE

CSG

RT

AF

BE

RT

AF

BE

Microwave Access

Fiber Access

Shape 400 Mbps

UNI

UNI

NNI

NNI

Queuing

Policing

Shaping

Legend

eNodeB


ME-3800X, 3600-X, ASR-903


Core ABR

CRS-3, ASR-9000

Core ABR

CRS-3, ASR-9000


ASR-901

Aggregation Node

ASR-9000




IP/MPLS Transport

IP/MPLS Transport IP/MPLS Transport

Mobile Transport Gateway

(MTG) ASR-9000

CSG Pre-Aggregation Aggregation Core ABR MTG CSG

Microwave Access

Fiber Access

Shape 400 Mbps

RT

AF

BE

RT

AF

BE

RT

AF

BE

RT

AF

BE

RT

AF

BE

RT

AF

BE

NNI NNI UNI

RT

AF

BE

RT

AF

BE

UNI NNI

Upstream Traffic

Queuing

Policing

Shaping

Legend

Marking

eNodeB


ME-3800X, 3600-X, ASR-903

Core ABR

CRS-3, ASR-9000

Core ABR

CRS-3, ASR-9000


ASR-901

Aggregation Node

ASR-9000

UMMT Functional Aspects Resiliency


• Unified MPLS Transport:

• Core, Aggregation, Pre-Aggregation baseline using BGP PIC Core/Edge

• Can benefit from LFA FRR in Core and Aggregation if topology is LFA

• LDP IP/MPLS Access uses remote LFA FRR

• Labeled BGP Access uses labeled BGP control plane protection

• MPLS VPN Service (ASR-901, ASR-9000):

• eNB UNI: Static Routes

• MPC UNI: PE-CE dynamic routing with BFD keep-alive

• Transport: BGP VPNv4/v6 convergence, BGP VPN PIC, VRRP on MTG

• VPWS Service:

• UNI: mLACP for Ethernet, MR-APS for TDM/ATM

• Transport: PW redundancy, two-way PW redundancy

• Synchronization Distribution:

• ESMC for SyncE, SSM for ring distribution.

• 1588 BC with active/standby PTP streams from multiple 1588 OC masters


Aggregation Node

Aggregation Node

Aggregation Node

Aggregation Node

Aggregation Node

Aggregation Node

RAN IGP Process OSPF/ ISIS

Core

Core

Core

Core


iBGP Hierarchical LSP

Aggregation Domain (OSPFx/ISIS1)

RAN Access

Core Domain

OSPF0/ISIS2

iBGP

Aggregation

BGP Community

iBGP

Aggregation

BGP Community

iBGP

iBGP

IPv4+Label

RR

Aggregation Domain (OSPFx/ISIS1)

RAN IGP Process OSPF/ ISIS

RAN Access

Core

Redistribute MPC

iBGP community

into RAN Access IGP

Redistribute

CSN Loopbacks

into 3107 iBGP

MPC PE

LFA L3 convergence < 50ms

BGP PIC Core L3 convergence < 100ms

BGP PIC Edge L3 convergence < 100ms

UMMT Functional Aspects OAM and PM


• OAM benchmarks

Set by TDM and existing WAN technologies

• Operational efficiency

Reduce OPEX, avoid truck-rolls

Downtime cost

• Management complexity

Large Span Networks

Multiple constituent networks belong to disparate organizations/companies

• Performance management

Provides monitoring capabilities to ensure SLA compliance

Enables proactive troubleshooting of network issues


RNC/BSC/SAE CSG Mobile Transport GW Aggregation

MPLS VRF OAM

IPSLA

Probe

NodeB

IPSLA

Probe

IPSLA PM

IP OAM over inter domain LSP – RFC 6371,6374 & 6375

MPLS VCCV PW OAM

IPSLA

Probe

IPSLA

Probe IPSLA PM

VRF VRF

LTE,

3G IP UMTS,

Transport

3G ATM UMTS,

2G TDM,

Transport

End-to-end LSP

With unified MPLS RFC6427, 6428 & 6435

CC / RDI (BFD)

Fault OAM (LDI / AIS / LKR)

On-demand CV and tracing (LSP

Ping / Trace)

Performance management (DM, LM)

Tra

nsp

ort

OA

M

Se

rvic

e O

AM

UMMT Functional Aspects Synchronization Distribution


• UMMT provides a single architecture for concurrent transport of different mobile backhaul technologies

• 2G TDM, 3G ATM/Ethernet, and 4G IP/Ethernet have different Synchronization requirements

CDMA, UMTS-TDD, LTE TDD require frequency and phase

GSM and UMTS-FDD require frequency only

• To accommodate, UMMT implements a combination of synchronization distribution methods:

TDM-based

Synchronous Ethernet

IEEE 1588v2 PTP



ASR-903, ME 3600X-24CX



Core Node

CRS-3, ASR-9000

IP/MPLS Transport

IP/MPLS Transport

Core Node

CRS-3, ASR-9000


ASR-901

IP/MPLS Transport

Mobile Transport Gateway (MTG) ASR-9000

Aggregation Node

ASR-9000

Mobile Packet Core Network Mobile Aggregation Network

IP/MPLS Transport Network

Ethernet Fiber

Microwave

SyncE, ESMC

1588 BC (Optional)

PRC/PRS

External Synchronization Interface (Frequency)

Global Navigation Satellite System (e.g. GPS, GLONASS, GALILEO)- PRTC, Primary Reference Time Clock

1588 PMC Packet Master Clock

External Synchronization Interface (ToD and Phase)

1588 Phase (+ Frequency)

1588 BC+OC Client+SyncE Hybrid Mode

1588 BC+OC Client

TDM(SDH) SyncE

1588 PTP No Physical

Synchronization

1588 BC


• Provides Frequency, Phase, and Time of Day (ToD) synchronization for TDD services

• IEEE 1588v2 PTP used in conjunction with SyncE provides then hybrid synchronization solution

SyncE provides frequency distribution

1588v2 provides phase and/or ToD distribution

• 1588v2 PTP stream is carried in the synchronization MPLS VPN from MTG to NodeBs.

• 1588v2 Boundary Clock (BC) at Aggregation, Pre-Aggregation, and Cell-site Gateway nodes improves scalability and resiliency

• Resynchronizing 1588v2 PTP stream from SyncE frequency input at BC nodes improves Phase alignment.

UMMT Functional Aspects Security


• IPSec encryption of S1-C can be offloaded to security gateways

S1-U encryption is optional depending on underlying transport

• uRPF stops source spoofing.

• Firewalls stop radio “DoS” pings from internet.

• MPLS VPNs provide segregation of services across transport network for FMC.

• Identifiable trails based on IP address – better LI visibility.

• iACLs and ABP (future) protect core from DDoS.

• Bogon filters protect BGP control plane.


Aggregation Node

Aggregation Node

Aggregation Node

Aggregation Node

Aggregation Node

Aggregation Node

Core

Core

Core

Core

RAN Access iBGP

Aggregation

BGP Community

iBGP

Aggregation

BGP Community

iBGP

iBGP

IPv4+Label

RR

RAN Access

Core

iACLs protects from

DDoS destined to

infrastructure

MPC PE

SGW MME

UE

3107 Label Distribution

S1 Control Plane

S1 Data Plane

uRPF protects from spoofing

VPNs segregate from effects

of other services


Access

Layer

Aggregation

Layer

Pre-Aggregation

Layer

SGW

PDN GW

MME GW

MME GW

SGW

Core

Layer

Pre-aggregation site

i.e. CO or Radio agg.

Aggregation site

i.e. RNC site

Core site

i.e. MSC site

S1-u

S11

X2

S1-c SGW to PGW

Cell site

i.e. Cell-site device

IPSec Gateway Placement requirements (WSG)

Part of Aggregation network, securing untrusted links with no

extra vulnerability, low latency, optimised resiliency and

manageable

Located too close to eNB then not protecting untrusted access

links, CapEx and OpEx issues

Security vulnerability as direct route to network core, scalability of

solution, extra latency, backhaul inefficiency, bad resiliency


UE

UTRAN Internet/

Enterprise

SP’s IP

Services

NB PDN-GW/

GGSN

3GPP

AAA

HSS

Gn

Iu

S6b

SGi

IPSec/IKEv2

E-UTRAN

eNB

S5 S1

SWx

PCRF

SGi

Gx

BS

SGSN

MME/SGW

S3/S4

SeGW/WSG

SeGW/WSG

IPSec/IKEv2

Untrusted Network Trusted Network


12.1 IPSec Tunnel Establishment 12.1.1 IPSec Tunnel Establishment between eNodeB and WSG 12.1.2 IPSec Tunnel Re-Establishment after eNodeB Reboot 12.1.3 IPSec Tunnel Re-Establishment after Tunnel Deletion by WSG 12.1.4 eNodeB De-Registration – Initiated by eNodeB 12.1.5 IPSec Tunnel Establishment between eNodeB and WSG with a NAT/Firewall between two peers 12.1.6 IPSec Tunnel Establishment between WSG and eNodeB with Multiple Child SA 12.1.7 Multiple IPSec Tunnels between eNodeB and WSG. 12.1.8 IKEv1 12.2.1 Unique eNodeB identifier for eNodeB authorization 12.2.2 IPSec DPD (Dead Peer Detection) Functionality test 12.2.3 IPSec Phase1 (Isakmp) Rekeying Functionality test 12.2.4 IPSec Phase2 (IKE) Rekeying Functionality test 12.3.1 IPSec Data Packet Verification: Send large data packet size in both direction 12.3.2 IPSec Data Packet Verification: Verify fragmented Packets handling 12.3.3 IPSec Data Packet Verification: Verify Pre-Tunnel fragmentation handling 12.3.4 IPSec Data Packet Verification: UDP transport and ESP encapsulation 12.3.5 IPSec Data Packet Verification: DSCP on ESP 12.3.6 IPSec Data Packet Verification: X2 Traffic with Multiple Tunnels 12.3.7 IPSec Data Packet Verification: X2 Traffic with Multi-Child SAs 12.4.1 Key Management/Key Generation on the WSG 12.4.2 Symmetric / Private Key storage on the WSG 12.4.3 Automatic certificate enrollment via CMPv2 12.5.1 Active/Standby Switchover with IPSec Traffic 12.5.2 Revertive Switchover 12.5.3 PKI and HA


Vendor Network IPSec Feature WSG Release

NSN LTE IKEv1 R2.1

Ericsson LTE IKEv2 R2

Huawei LTE IKEv2 R3

Kineto Wireless 3G/4G IKEv2 R2

CA Vendor Feature Protocols WSG Release

Insta Certifier X.509 CRL, CMPv2 R2

RSA Security X.509 CRL, CMPv2 R2

UMMT Summary


Unified MPLS simplifies the transport and service architecture

• Seamless MPLS LSPs across network layers to any location in the network

• Flexible placement of L2 and L3 transport to concurrently support 2G,3G, and 4G services, as well as wholesale and wireline services.

• Service provisioning only required at the edge of the network

• Divide-and-conquer strategy of small IGP domains and labeled BGP LSPs helps scale the network to hundred of thousands of LTE cell sites

• Simplified carrier-class operations with end-to-end OAM, performance monitoring, and LFA FRR fast convergence protection

• Cisco PRIME provides comprehensive management suite for entire network.

Thank you.

Date post:	10-Mar-2018
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