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CISPR Guide / 2004

A Guidance for users of the CISPR Standards

1 Introduction

This guidance document is presented to you in order to guide you in the selection of appropriate CISPR EMC Standards applicable to your products, systems and installations. This document also gives an overview of the latest version of published CISPR Standards covering EMC aspects of products, systems and installations.

The document is regularly updated and expanded.

The Standards are divided in to the following categories of Standards.

1.1 Basic Standards

Basic EMC Standards give the general and fundamental conditions or rules for the achievement of EMC, which are related or applicable to all products, systems or installations, and serve as reference documents. Basic Standards are general and hence are not dedicated to specific product families or products; they relate to general information, to the disturbing phenomena and to the measurement or testing techniques. No prescribed limits and related performance are included.

1.2 Generic Standards

Generic EMC Standards are Standards related to a particular environment, which specify a minimum set of essential requirements and test procedures, applicable to all the products or systems operating in this environment, provided there do not exist any specific EMC Standards for a particular product family, product, system or installation. Limits are included, and reference is made to the test procedures.

1.3 Product Standards

Product Standards define specific EM requirements, test procedures and limits dedicated to particular product s, systems or installations for which specific conditions must be considered.

2 List of available current CISPR Standards

2.1 CISPR Basic EMC Standards

2.1.1 CISPR 16-1-1:2003 Part 1-1: Measuring apparatus

2.1.2 CISPR 16-1-2:2003 Part 1-2: Ancillary equipment – Conducted disturbances

2.1.3 CISPR 16-1-3:2003 Part 1-3: Ancillary equipment – Disturbance power

2.1.4 CISPR 16-1-4:2003 Part 1-4: Ancillary equipment – Radiated disturbances

2.1.5 CISPR 16-1-5:2003 Part 1-5: Antenna calibration test sites for 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz

2.1.6 CISPR 16-2-1:2003 Part 2-1: Conducted disturbance measurements

2.1.7 CISPR 16-2-2:2003 Part 2-2: Measurement of disturbance power

2.1.8 CISPR 16-2-3:2003 Part 2-3: Radiated disturbance measurements

2.1.9 CISPR 16-2-4:2003 Part 2-4: Immunity measurements

2.1.10 CISPR 16-4-2:2003 Part 4-2: Uncertainty in EMC measurements

2.2 CISPR Generic EMC Standards

2.2.1 CISPR/IEC 61000-6-3:1996 Part 6-3: Generic Emission Standard for residential, commercial and light -industrial environment

2.2.2 IEC 61000-6-4:1997 Part 6-4: Generic Emission Standard for industrial environment

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CISPR Guide / 2004

2.3 CISPR Product Standards

2.3.1 CISPR 11:2003 Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance characteristics of industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radio-frequency equipment

2.3.2 CISPR 12:2001 Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance characteristics of vehicles, motor boats and spark -ignited engine-driven devices

2.3.3 CISPR 13:2001 Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance characteristics of sound and television broadcast receivers and associated equipment

2.3.4 CISPR 14-1:2000 Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance characteristics of electrical motor-operated and thermal appliances for household and similar purposes, electric tools and similar electric apparatus

2.3.5 CISPR 14-2:1997 Requirements for household appliances, tools and similar apparatus. Part 2: Immunity

2.3. 6 CISPR 15:2000 Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance characteristics of electrical lighting and similar equipment

2.3. 7 CISPR 20:2002 Limits and methods of measurement of immunity characteristics of sound and television broadcast receivers and associated equipment

2.3. 8 CISPR 22:2003 Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance characteristics of ITE

2.3. 9 CISPR 24:1997 Limits and methods of measurement of the immunity characteristics of ITE

2.3.10 CISPR 25:2002 Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance characteristics for the protection of receivers used on board vehicles

2.4 CISPR Guidance documents

Guidance not for compliance testing.

2.4.1 CISPR 16-3 TR:2003 CISPR technical reports

2.4.2 CISPR 16-4-1 TR:2003 Uncertainties in standardized EMC tests

2.4.3 CISPR 16-4-3 TR:2003 Statistical considerations in the determination of EMC compliance of mass-produced products

2.4.4 CISPR 16-4-4 TR:2003 Statistics of complaints and a model for the calculation of limits

2.4.5 CISPR 18-1:1982 Radio interference characteristics of overhead power lines and high-voltage equipment. Part 1: Description of phenomena

2.4.6 CISPR 18-2:1986 Amd.1:1993 Amd.2: 1996

Radio interference characteristics of overhead power lines and high-voltage equipment. Part 2: Methods of measurement and procedures for determining limits

2.4.7 CISPR 18-3:1986 Amd.1: 1996

Radio interference characteristics of overhead power lines and high-voltage. Part 3: Limits of radio noise from AC lines and installations in the frequency range 0.15 to 30 MHz

2.4.8 CISPR 19:1983 Guidance on the use of the substitution method for measurements of radiation from microwave ovens for frequencies above 1GHz

2.4.9 CISPR 21:1999 Interference to mobile radio-communications in the presence of impulsive noise. Methods of judging degradation and measures to improve performance

2.4.10 CISPR 23:1987 Determination of limits for industrial, scientific and medical equipment

2.4.11 CISPR 28 TR 3:1997 Guidelines for emission levels within the bands designated by the ITU

2.4.12 CISPR 31 TR:2003 Database on the characteristics of radio services

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CISPR Guide / 2004

Selection list of products and Standards to be applied

NOTE Product lists are available for this table from IEC etc.

Product Applicable CISPR Standard(s)

11 12 13 14-1 14-2 15 20 22 24 Remarks

AC earth switch

AC power meter

AC convertor-fed motor

AC rail vehicle

AC road vehicle +

AC Watt hour meter

Accelerators (medical)

Audio Amplifiers + +

Battery Chargers + + +

Caplights for mines +

Car radios + +

Centrifuges for laboratories +

CD Player + +

Decoders NTSC, PAL, SECAM + +

Demultiplexers + +

Encoders NTSC, PAL, SECAM + +

FM sound receivers + +

FM tuners + +

Gas analyzer +

Ice maker + +

Record Players + +

RF amplifiers + +

RF converters + +

Satellite tuner units (1st IF) + +

Television receivers + +

Video recorders + +

Telecommunication Terminal + +

Telephone + +

Facsimile Machine + +

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CISPR Guide / 2004

Product Applicable CISPR Standard(s)

11 12 13 14-1 14-2 15 20 22 24 Remarks

Data Processing Equipment + +

Data Display

CRT, plasma, LED

Liquid crystal

+ +

Data Input Device

Keyboard, mouse

Magnetic card reader

Optical character reader

Image scanner, pen

+ +

Data Printer

Dot matrix, laser, LED

+ +

Data Plotter + +

Data Processor

Computer, calculator

+ +

Local Area Network + +

Data Storage Device + +

Data Scanner + +

Character Reader + +

Copying Machine + +

Automatic Teller Machine + +

Point of Sale Terminal + +

Magnetic Tape Device + +

Magnetic Disk Device + +

Optical Disk Device

CD-ROM, DVD-ROM

+ +

Memory Device + +

FAX Modem + +

Modem + +

ETC

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CISPR Guide / 2004

APPENDIX A

CISPR Product Standards

Definitions of available cur rent CISPR Standards referred to in Clause 2.3 (the numbering format is followed).

2.3.1 CISPR 11:2003 Industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radio-frequency equipment – Electromagnetic disturbance characteristics – Limits and methods of measurement

CISPR 11 formulates radio-frequency emission requirements and is applicable to apparatus which intentionally generate energy in the ISM frequencies, as designated by ITU. However, the standard is also applicable to all kinds of apparatus, equipment and installations which are intended for use in an industrial environment and for laboratory applications. It includes medical equipment, e.g. for therapeutic purposes. The standard is suitable for “in situ” measurements. Examples are:

- r.f. heating equipment and installations;

- induction cooking appliances;

- microwave ovens and cooking appliances;

- r.f. excited welding equipment;

- spot welders;

- spark erosion equipment;

- microwave therapy equipment;

- ultrasonic equipment;

- medical and industrial X-ray equipment;

- laboratory equipment like

oscilloscopes;

spectrum analyzers;

network and logic analyzers;

signal generators;

- stand alone power supplies and power generators.

Excluded are apparatus for which emission requirements are explicitly formulated in other IEC or CISPR standards, e.g.:

- IEC 61800-3: Semiconductor power convertors for adjustable speed electric drive systems

- IEC 61326: Electrical equipment for measurement control and laboratory use

- IEC 60601-1-2: Medical electrical equipment

- IEC 60118-13: Hearing aids NOTE Emission limits in these standards were developed in close co-operation with CISPR and are in line with document CISPR 11.

Generic Immunity Standards exist as IEC 61000-6-1 and IEC 61000-6-2.

For most of the apparatus covered in CISPR 11, additional emission requirements are formulated in IEC 61000-3-2 and IEC 61000-3-3.

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CISPR Guide / 2004

2.3.2 CISPR 12: 2001 Vehicles, boats and internal combustion engine driven devices – Radio

disturbance characteristics – Limits and methods of measurement for the protection of receivers except those installed in the vehicle/boat/device itself or in adjacent vehicles/boats/devices

The limits in CISPR 12 are designed to provide protection for broadcast receivers in the frequency range of 30 MHz to 1000 MHz when used in the residential environment. Compliance with this standard may not provide adequate protection for new types of radio transmissions or receivers used in the residential environment nearer than 10 m to the vehicle or device.

Experience has shown that compliance with this standard may provide satisfactory protection for receivers of other types of transmissions when used in the residential environment, including radio transmissions in frequency ranges other than that specified.

CISPR 12 applies to the emission of broadband and narrowband electromagnetic energy which may cause interference to radio reception and which is emitted from:

a) vehicles propelled by an internal combustion engine, electrical means or both;

b) motorboats propelled by an internal combustion engine, electrical means or both;

c) devices equipped with spark-ignited internal combustion engines.

CISPR 12 includes limits and test methods for both broadband and narrowband emissions.

CISPR 12 does not apply to aircraft, traction systems (railway, tramway and trolley bus), or to incomplete vehicles.

Protection of receivers used on-board the same vehicle as the disturbance source(s) are covered by CISPR 25.

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CISPR Guide / 2004

2.3.3 CISPR 13:2001

Amd.1:2003 Sound and television broadcast receivers and associated equipment – Radio disturbance characteristics – Limits and methods of measurement

CISPR 13 is applicable to sound and television receivers for the reception of broadcast and similar services for terrestrial, cable and satellite transmissions and associated equipment, including e.g.:

- FM sound receivers;

- Car radios;

- Television receivers;

- Associated equipment with RF modulator;

- FM tuners;

- Tuners units at the first satellite intermediate frequency;

- Frequency converters;

- Radiofrequency amplifiers;

- Equalisers;

- Demodulators;

- Decoders for NTSC, PAL or SECAM;

- Encoders for NTSC, PAL or SECAM;

- Demultiplexers;

- D/A converters;

- Audio amplifiers;

- Active loudspeaker units;

- Record players;

- Compact disc players;

- Audio magnetic recording and playback equipment;

- Video recorders;

- Electronic organs.

The Standards is not applicable to:

- Equipment included in CATV distribution networks;

- Information Technology Equipment (ITE);

- Professional receivers;

- Amateur receivers and transmitters;

- Telecommunication receivers;

- Telecommunication cordless transceivers;

- Radio-frequency remote control appliances;

- Apparatus for which emission requirements are explicitly formulated in other IEC or CISPR Standards.

The comparable immunity Standard is CISPR 20.

To fully cover all EMC phenomena that are considered applicable to the equipment under the scope of CISPR 13 the following Standards are in most cases also applicable:

- IEC 61000-3-2

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CISPR Guide / 2004

2.3.4 CISPR 14-1:2000

Amd.1:2001 Amd.2:2002

Electromagnetic compatibility – Requirements for household appliances, electric tools and similar apparatus – Part 1: Emission

CISPR 14-1 is applicable to electrical apparatus whose main functions are performed by motors and switching or regulating devices, including e.g.:

- Electrical Household equipment and Portabe Tools;

- Agricultural equipment such as electric fences, milking machines, etc;

- Electric toys such as toys running on tracks, etc;

- Electronic regulating controls;

- Motor-driven electro-medical apparatus;

- Cine and slide projectors;

- Dispensing Machines, Entertainment Machines and similar appliances;

- "Single components”, such as heating thermostats, etc;

- Separate parts: such as: motors, switching devices (e.g. power or protective relays).

The Standard is not applicable to:

- Equipment for lighting purposes;

- Equipment usi ng intentionally generated RF energy (ISM);

- Apparatus for heavy industrial purposes;

- Apparatus being part of fixed electrical installations of buildings;

- Apparatus for use in environments with special EM conditions;

- Radio & TV receivers, Audio & Video apparatus & electronic music instruments;

- Radio transmitters, transceivers and receivers;

- Medical Electrical Equipment and Information Technology Equipment;

- Apparatus for use exclusively in vehicles;

- Electronic regulating controls with current ≤25 A per phase;

- Stand-alone power supplies;

- Apparatus for which emission requirements are explicitly formulated in other IEC or CISPR Standards.

Multifunction equipment which is subjected simultaneously to different clauses of this Standard and/or other Standards shall meet the provisions of each Clause/Standard with the relevant functions in operation.

The comparable immunity Standard is CISPR 14-2.

To fully cover all EMC phenomena that are considered applicable to the equipment under the scope of CISPR 14-1 the following Standards are in most cases also applicable:

- CISPR 14-2

- IEC 61000-3-2

- IEC 61000-3-3

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CISPR Guide / 2004

2.3.5 CISPR 14-2:1997

Amd.1:2001 Electromagnetic compatibility – Requirements for household appliances, electric tools and simi lar apparatus – Part 2: Immunity

CISPR 14-2 is applicable to electrical apparatus for household and similar purposes, as well as electric toys and electric tools, with rated voltage being not more than 250 V (single phase) or 480 V (multi phase) including:

- Electrical Household equipment and Portabe Tools;

- Agricultural equipment such as electric fences, milking machines, etc:

- Electric toys such as toys running on tracks, etc;

- Electronic regulating controls;

- "Single components”, such as heating thermostats, etc;

- Microwave ovens for domestic use and catering;

- RF cooking hobs and ovens and induction cooking appliances;

- UV & IR radiators for personal care.

Apparatus not intended for household use, such as intended to be used by laymen in shops, light industry and on farms, are within the scope of this Standard, as far as they are included in CISPR 14-1.

The Standard is not applicable to:

- Equipment for lighting purposes;

- Apparatus for heavy industrial purposes;

- Apparatus being part of fixed electrical installations of buildings;

- Apparatus for use in environments with special EM conditions;

- Radio & TV receivers, Audio & Video apparatus, Radio transmitters & electronic music instruments;

- Medical Electrical Equipment and Information Technology Equipment;

- Apparatus for use exclusively in vehicles;

- Apparatus for which immunity requirements are explicitly formulated in other IEC or CISPR Standards.

Multifunction equipment which is subjected simultaneously to different clauses of this Standard and/or other Standards shall meet the provisions of each Clause/Standard with the relevant functions in operation.

The comparable emission Standard is CISPR 14-1.

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CISPR Guide / 2004

2.3. 6 CISPR 15:2000

Amd.1:2001 Amd.2:2002

Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance characteristics of electrical lighting and similar equipment

CISPR 15 applies to the (radiated and conducted) emission and to the immunity of radio frequency disturbances of:

- all lighting equipment with a primary function of generating and/or distributing light intended for illumination purposes, and intended either for connection to the low voltage electricity supply or for battery operation;

- the lighting part of multi-function equipment where one of the primary functions is illumination;

- independent auxiliaries exclusively for use with lighting equipment;

- UV and IR radiation equipment;

- neon advertising signs;

- street/flood lighting intended for outdoor use only;

- transport lighting (installed in buses, trains, etc.). NOTE Requirements concerning immunity are under consideration.

This Standard is not applicable to:

- equipment for which EMC requirements are explicitly formulated in other IEC or CISPR Standards, such as photocopiers, slide projectors , built-in lighting devices such as scale illumination.

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CISPR Guide / 2004

2.3. 7 CISPR 20:2002

Amd.1:2002 Sound and television broadcast receivers and associated equipment – Immunity characteristics – Limits and methods of measurement

CISPR 20 is applicable to sound and television receivers for the reception of broadcast and similar services for terrestrial, cable and satellite transmissions and associated equipment, including e.g.:

- FM sound receivers;

- Car radios;

- Television receivers;

- Associated equipment with RF modulator;

- FM tuners;

- Tuners units at the first satellite intermediate frequency;

- Frequency converters;

- Radio-frequency amplifiers;

- Equalisers;

- Demodulators;

- Decoders for NTSC, PAL or SECAM;

- Encoders for NTSC, PAL or SECAM;

- Demultiplexers;

- D/A converters;

- Audio amplifiers;

- Active loudspeaker units;

- Record players;

- Compact disc players;

- Audio magnetic recording and playback equipment;

- Video recorders;

- Electronic organs.

The Standards is not applicable to:

- Equipment included in CATV distribution networks;

- Information Technology Equipment (ITE);

- Professional receivers;

- Amateur receivers and transmitters;

- Telecommunication receivers;

- Telecommunication cordless transceivers;

- Radiofrequency remote control appliances;

- Apparatus for which immunity requirements are explicitly formulated in other IEC or CISPR Standards.

The comparable emission Standard is CISPR 13.

To fully cover all EMC phenomena that are considered applicable to the equipment under the scope of CISPR 20 the following Standards are in most cases also applicable:

- IEC 61000-4-2, IEC 61000-4-4 and IEC 61000-4-11.

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CISPR Guide / 2004

2.3. 8 CISPR 22:2003 Information technology equipment – Radio disturbance characteristics – Limits and methods of measurement

- Telecommunication Terminal

- Telephone

- Facsimile Machine

- Data Processing Equipment

- Data Display

- CRT, plasma, LED

- Liquid crystal

- Data Input Device

- Keyboard, mouse

- Magnetic card reader

- Optical character reader

- Image scanner, pen

- Data Printer

- Dot matrix, laser, LED

- Data Plotter

- Data Processor

- Computer, calculator

- Local Area Network

- Data Storage Device

- Data Scanner

- Character Reader

- Copying Machine

- Automatic Teller Machine

- Point of Sale Terminal

- Magnetic Tape Device

- Magnetic Disk Device

- Optical Disk Device

- CD-ROM, DVD-ROM

- Memory Device

- FAX Modem

- Modem

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CISPR Guide / 2004

2.3.9 CISPR 24:1997 Amd.1:2001 Amd.2:2002

Information technology equipment – Immunity characteristics – Limits and methods of measurement

- Telecommunication Terminal

- Telephone

- Facsimile Machine

- Data Processing Equipment

- Data Display

- CRT, plasma, LED

- Liquid crystal

- Data Input Device

- Keyboard, mouse

- Magnetic card reader

- Optical character reader

- Image scanner, pen

- Data Printer

- Dot matrix, laser, LED

- Data Plotter

- Data Processor

- Computer, calculator

- Local Area Network

- Data Storage Device

- Data Scanner

- Character Reader

- Copying Machine

- Automatic Teller Machine

- Point of Sale Terminal

- Magnetic Tape Device

- Magnetic Disk Device

- Optical Disk Device

- CD-ROM, DVD-ROM

- Memory Device

- FAX Modem

- Modem

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CISPR Guide / 2004

2.3.10 CISPR 25:2002 Radio disturbance characteristics for the protection of receivers used on board vehicles,

boats, and on devices – Limits and methods of measurement

CISPR 25 contains limits and procedures for the measurement of radio disturbances in the frequency range of 150 kHz to 1000 MHz. Only a complete vehicle test can be used to determine the component compatibility with respect to a vehicle’s limit.

It applies to the suppression of on-board radio disturbances for motor vehicles, devices and working machinery, to achieve acceptable radio reception with on-board radio receivers. The standard applies to any electronic/electrical component intended for use in vehicles and large devices. The limits are intended to provide protection for receivers installed in a vehicle from disturbances produced by components/modules in the same vehicle. Adjacent vehicles can be expected to be protected in most situations. Vehicles include (but are not limited to) passenger cars, trucks, agricultural tractors and snowmobiles.

On-board radio disturbance suppression reduces the radio disturbance energy which is applied by electrical equipment within the vehicle to the on-board power supply of a vehicle. Disturbances can also be coupled from vehicle wiring to the receiving antenna on the vehicle.

The receiver types to be protected are: sound and television receivers, land mobile radio, radio telephone, amateur and citizens' radio. Adequate television protection will result from complianc e with the levels at the mobile service frequencies.

The limits in CISPR 25 are recommended and subject to modification as agreed between the vehicle manufacturer and the component supplier. This standard shall also be applied by manufacturers and supplier s of components and equipment which are to be added and connected to the vehicle harness or to an onboard power connector after delivery of the vehicle.

CISPR 25 does not include protection of electronic control systems from radio frequency emissions, or from transient or pulse type voltage fluctuations. These subjects are covered by ISO publications, e.g. ISO 7637, ISO 11451, ISO 11452.

The method and limits for a complete vehicle are described in Clause 5 of CISPR 25. The requirements contained herein specify the maximum permissible disturbance voltage at the antenna of the radio receiver in the frequency range of 150 kHz to 1000 MHz.

The method and limits for components/modules are described in Clause 6 of CISPR 25. The requirements contained herein specify the maximum permissible voltage, current and field strengths in the frequency range of 150 kHz to 1000 MHz. Since the mounting location, vehicle body construction and harness design can affect the coupling of radio disturbances to the on-board radio, Clause 6 of CISPR 25 defines multiple limit levels. The level class to be used (as a function of frequency band) shall be agreed upon between the vehicle manufacturer and the component supplier.

The World Administrative Radiocommunications Conference (WARC) lower frequency limit in region 1 was reduced to 148,5 kHz in 1979. For vehicular purposes, tests at 150 kHz are considered adequate. For the purposes of CISPR 25, test frequency ranges have been generalized to cover radio services in various parts of the world. Protection of radio reception at adjacent frequencies can be expected in most cases.

It is assumed that protection of services operating on frequencies below 30 MHz will most likely be provided if the limits for services above 30 MHz are observed.

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CISPR Guide / 2004

APPENDIX B

CISPR Guidance documents Definitions of available current CISPR documents referred to in Clause 2.4 (the numbering format is followed).

2.4. 5 CISPR 18-1:1982 Radio interference characteristics of overhead power lines and high-voltage equipment. Part 1: Description of phenomena

CISPR 18-1:1982 is applicable to radio noise from overhead power lines and equipment operating at 1 kV and above, which may cause interference to radio rec eption in the frequency range 0,15 MHz to 300 MHz, including e.g. :

- characteristics of radio noise in the frequency range 0,15 MHz to 30 MHz (AM sound broadcasting) generated by a.c. power lines and equipment;

- characteristics of radio noise in the frequency range 30 MHz to 300 MHz (FM sound broadcasting and television) generated by a.c. power lines and equipment;

- spark discharges due to bad contacts;

- information on interference due to d.c. overhead lines for which corona discharge and interference conditions are different form those of a.c. power lines;

- interference protection of reception of radio and television broadcasting;

- general procedure to establish the limits of the radio noise field from the power lines and equipment, together with typical values as examples;

- methods of radio noise field measurement.

The Standard is not applicable to :

- fields from power line carrier signals;

- interference due to the current collecting equipment of overhead railway traction systems;

- level noises at frequencies higher than 300 MHz.

To fully cover all EMC phenomena that are considered applicable to the equipment under the scope of CISPR 18-1 the following Standards are in most cases applicable:

- CISPR 18-2:1986

- CISPR 18-2 Amd.1:1993

- CISPR 18-2 Amd.2:1996

- CISPR 18-3:1986

- CISPR 18-3 Amd.1:1986

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CISPR Guide / 2004

2.4.6 CISPR 18-2:1986 Radio interference characteristics of overhead power lines and

high-voltage equipment. Part 2: Methods of measurement and procedure for determining limits

CISPR 18-2:1986 is applicable to measurements and general procedures for determining the limits of radio noise from overhead power lines and equipment operating at 1 kV and above, which may cause interference to radio reception in the frequency range 0,15 MHz to 300 MHz, including e.g. :

- radio noise on-site measurements in the frequency range 0,15 MHz to 30 MHz;

- radio noise laboratory measurements;

- statistical estimates of radio noise level from power lines;

- significance of limits for power lines and high-voltage equipment

- technical recommendations to establish power lines and substation limits;

- reception protection at the edges of the recognized service areas of the appropriate transmitters in the AM frequency bands;

- recommendations on the design and maintenance of the power lines and equipment to minimize interference.

The Standard is not applicable to :

- reception protection in the frequency range 30 MHz to 300 MHz;

- level noises at frequencies higher than 300 MHz.

To fully cover all EMC phenomena that are considered applicable to the equipment under the scope of CISPR 18-2 the following Standards are in most cases applicable:

- CISPR 16-1 series

- CISPR 16-2 series

- CISPR 18-1:1982

- CISPR 18-2 Amd.1:1993

- CISPR 18-2 Amd.2:1996

- CISPR 18-3:1986

- CISPR 18-3 Amd.1:1986

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CISPR Guide / 2004

2.4.6 CISPR 18-2 Amd.1:1993 Amendment 1

Radio interference characteristics of overhead power lines and high voltage equipment. Part 2: Methods of measurement and procedure for determining limits

CISPR 18-2 Amd.1:1993 is applicable to to measurements and general procedures for determining the limits of radio noise from overhead power lines and equipment operating at 1 kV and above, which may cause interference to radio reception in the frequency range 0,15 MHz to 300 MHz, including e.g. :

- methods to determine the limits for radio noise and TV noise (in the frequency range 47 MHz to 230 MHz) for high-voltage d.c. power li nes;

- significance of limits for power lines and high-voltage equipment;

- technical recommendations to establish power lines and substation limits;

- procedures to determine the limits for radio noise for the insulator chains.

The Standard is not applicable to :

- procedures to determine the limits for radio noise produced by other elements of power lines and substations other than the insulator chains.

To fully cover all EMC phenomena that are considered applicable to the equipment under the scope of CISPR 18-2 Amd.1 the following Standards are in most cases applicable:

- CISPR 16-1 series

- CISPR 16-2 series

- CISPR 18-1:1982

- CISPR 18-2:1986

- CISPR 18-2 Amd.2:1996

- CISPR 18-3:1986

- CISPR 18-3 Amd.1:1986

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CISPR Guide / 2004

2.4.6 CISPR 18-2 Amd.2:1996 Amendment 2

Radio interference characteristics of overhead power lines and high voltage equipment. Part 2: Methods of measurement and procedure for determining limits

CISPR 18-2 Amd.2:1996 is applicable to interference problems caused by high-voltage d.c. converting substations and the power lines (a.c. and d.c. ones) connected to them, including e.g. :

- main electromagnetic noise sources within high-voltage d.c. converting substations and similar installations (static reactive power compensating units of SVC type, etc.);

- fields generated by current rectifying units;

- interference conveyed by transmission lines;

- general criteria to establish noise limits.

The Standard is not applicable to :

- a.c. high-voltage installations, other than the a.c. power lines connected to the rectifying units.

To fully cover all EMC phenomena that are considered applicable to the equipment under the scope of CISPR 18-2 Amd.2 the following Standards are in most cases applicable:

- CISPR 16-1 series

- CISPR 16-2 series

- CISPR 18-1:1982

- CISPR 18-2:1986

- CISPR 18-2 Amd.1:1993

- CISPR 18-3:1986

- CISPR 18-3 Amd.1:1986

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CISPR Guide / 2004

2.4.7 CISPR 18-3:1986 Radio interference characteristics of overhead power lines and high voltage

equipment. Part 3: Code of practice for minimizing the generation of radio noise

CISPR 18-3:1986 is applicable to radio noise from overhead transmission lines and high-voltage equipment, liable to cause radio interference problems, including e.g. :

- power line and high-voltage equipment design, considering their possible electromagnetic impact on radio and television reception;

- corona discharge on metallic components of high-voltage installations;

- discharges on insulator surface;

- electric arcs and sparks due to bad contact areas;

- noise sources in abnormal operating conditions;

- computing methods for the base noise level of an overhead transmission line;

- detecting and locating the bad contact areas and possible remedies regarding the resulting noise level.

The Standard is not applicable to :

- fields from power line carrier signals.

To fully cover all EMC phenomena that are consi dered applicable to the equipment under the scope of CISPR 18-3 the following Standards are in most cases applicable:

- CISPR 18-1:1982

- CISPR 18-2:1986

- CISPR 18-2 Amd.1:1993

- CISPR 18-2 Amd.2:1996

- CISPR 18-3 Amd.1:1986

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CISPR Guide / 2004

2.4.7 CISPR 18-3 Amd.1:1996 Amendment 1

Radio interference characteristics of overhead power lines and high-voltage equipment. Part 3: Code of practice for minimizing the generation of radio noise

CISPR 18-3 Amd.1:1996 is applicable to noise limits generated by tubular conductors and bundled conductors with a large number of sub-conductors (more than four sub-conductors per phase) , including e.g. :

- high-voltage a.c. installations;

- fundamental principles of bundled conductor and tubular conductor electromagnetic noise generation;

- computation of radio noise level caused by bundled conductor corona discharge;

- computation of radio noise level caused by tubular conductor corona discharge;

- radio noise patterns for different overhead line configurations, equipped with bundled- or tubular conductors.

The Standard is not applicable to :

- high-voltage a.c. installations with single conductors per phase;

- high-voltage d.c. installations.

To fully cover all EMC phenomena that are considered applicable to the equipment under the scope of CISPR 18-3 Amd.1 the following Standards are in most cases applicable:

- CISPR 18-1:1982

- CISPR 18-2:1986

- CISPR 18-2 Amd.1:1993

- CISPR 18-2 Amd.2:1996

- CISPR 18-3:1986

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CISPR Guide / 2004

2.4.9 CISPR 21:1999 Interference to mobile radio-communications in the presence of impulsive noise

– Methods of j udging degradation and measures to improve performance

CISPR 21 provides methods of judging the degradation of radio communication in the presence of impulsive noise and recommends ways of improving radio performance.

Subjective tests have proved to be effective in rating mobile receiver degradation. Of the two subjective rating methods in use, intelligibility was determined to be superior to annoyance in characterizing the effect of radio noise on a communication link. Most objective measurements taken during the subjective testing, however, showed poor correlation. The Linear Predictive Coding (LPC) method showed good correlation with the subjective intelligibility test method. Subjective tests are preferred, however, because of their reduced complexity and resulting lesser cost.