Cities and sustainability2.0_feb_2013

Ci#es and Sustainability Grey is Green – Green is Grey



Why dense ci#es are green, and.. How dense ci#es can be made greener


…and that, if people are not able to live in dense ci#es, they will make global warming worse


We already know … The world’s popula#on con#nues to grow and with it demand for energy and resources.


We already know … Energy produc#on/use is the major contributor to climate change and global warming.


We already know … What global warming and climate change look like

jesseandgreg, Tumblr

Scott Olson/Getty Images

NY Daily News


A significant amount of energy is used for buildings and transporta#on.


Reducing energy-‐use for buildings and transporta#on would significantly help solve climate change and global warming.


People living in dense ci#es like New York already use less energy in buildings and transporta#on than the average American by virtue of living in a dense city.


New Yorkers Home Energy Use: •  Electricity Use KWH per Customer1:

•  Dallas: 16,116

•  Chicago: 8,143 •  San Francisco: 6,753 •  NYC: 4,696 1 plaNYC 2030, 2007


New Yorkers Transporta#on Energy Use: •  Commu6ng1: •  U.S. -‐ By car:

86.2% Other2: 9.6%

•  NYC -‐ By car: 28.1% Other2: 68.0%

Brooklyn – By car: 24.4 % Other2: 71.5% Manhaàn -‐ By car: 8.9%

Other2: 84.8%

1 ACS 2008-2010 2 Public transportation, walk, other


New Yorkers Transporta#on Energy Use: •  Car-‐ownership/ Household1, Average miles driven per day2:

•  U.S. : 91.2% of HH 27 miles/day

•  NYC : 45.5% of HH 9 miles/day

1 PlaNYC, Inventory of NYC Greenhouse Gas Emissions, 9/2010 (Non-‐car ownership US: 8.8%, NYC: 54.5%)

2 ACS 2005-‐2009


New Yorkers Transporta#on Energy Use: FUN FACTS! •  4, 5, 6 Subway line carries as many people in one day as the en#re Washington, DC, Metro system3

•  NY Metro area share of na#onal commu#ng4: 38% (share of na#onal popula#on: 5%)

•  3 PlaNYC 2007, p.81 4 Facts from Alan Pisarski's Commu#ng in America III study (

h`p://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/nchrp/CIAIIIfacts.pdf)


How do they do it???


Most New Yorkers walk or use mass transit to get to stores, offices, entertainment venues or schools.

They live in small energy-‐efficient homes that use less than half the energy of a typical US home.

They require less infrastructure per home because they live in dense buildings close to each other.


They live, work and play with people from other countries, cultures, orienta#ons and faiths and can beèr navigate in the global economy.

And, as they get older, they are able to stay in their homes longer because they can reach shopping, entertainment, family, friends and services.

New Yorkers walk a lot and climb stairs daily which keeps them ac#ve to live healthier and longer.


Why are New Yorkers energy efficient? What mo#vates New Yorkers to behave this way?


Why are New Yorkers energy efficient? Are New Yorkers environmental fana#cs?


No, in fact, of course, New Yorkers are no different than “average” Americans. They would just as likely use a car or live in a one-‐family home. But they don’t… why?


How did you get to class today? Why? Why didn’t you drive a car?


What makes New Yorkers choose to take mass transit? •  Parking

•  Scarcity •  Cost

• Traffic Conges#on • Time delays

•  Energy Efficiency Benefits • Low fossil fuel use


What kind of a home do you live in? Why do you not live in a suburban home with yards and a long driveway?


What makes New Yorkers choose to live in mul#-‐family buildings? •  only reasonably priced choice of housing available

– desirability raises property values

– high property values result in more intense use of land

•  Energy Efficiency Benefits • Lower U#lity expenses • Closer to transit, work, shopping, entertainment

• Less infrastructure


Central Park

My Mother

Grocery Shopping

Worship

Entertainment Nirvana

Bus

Culture

Family & Friends


If people live much more energy-‐efficiently in a city, how can you a`ract more of them there? What makes people choose to live where they live?


What makes people choose to live where they live? •  Jobs •  Housing Availability/ Affordability •  Educa#on •  Entertainment and Culture •  Transporta#on Efficiency and A`rac#veness •  24/7 Ac#vity, Excitement, Crea#vity •  Quality of Life •  Good Architecture and Urban design •  Public Services •  Public policies/ administra#on •  Diversity of popula#on


…and, how can Ci#es be made even more Energy-‐Efficient?


…and, how can Ci#es be made even more Energy-‐Efficient?

•  Land Use •  Energy •  Transporta#on •  Infrastructure •  Synergies •  Materials and Resources •  Climate control


Retail

Industry Educa#on

Office/Service Culture

Health

Tourism

Entertainment

Jobs


Publicly-‐Subsidized Housing Market-‐Rate Housing

Zoning Incen#ves Public Housing

Housing Availability and Affordability


City College, Manhaàn Midwood High School, Brooklyn

Public School 89, Cypress Hills, Brooklyn Pra` Ins#tute, Brooklyn

Educa#on


Lincoln Center, Manhaàn Brooklyn Museum, Brooklyn

Movie Theater, Downtown Brooklyn 42nd Street, Manhaàn

Entertainment and Culture


West End Avenue, Manhaàn

Broadway, Manhaàn

Pedestrian Plaza, Midtown Manhaàn

Pedestrian Plaza, Downtown Brooklyn

Transporta#on, A`rac#ve Streetscapes


Subway Elevator Retrofit

Disabled-‐accessible Bus Subway Entrance, Times Square, Manhaàn

Transporta#on, Transit A`rac#veness and Accessibility

Subway Terminal with Solar Roof


Bicycle Parking Protected Bicycle Lanes

Transporta#on, Bicycle Infrastructure

Bicycling, Riverside Park, Manhaàn Bike Lane, Sixth Avenue, Manhaàn


Brooklyn Botanic Garden Baèry Park City

Brooklyn Botanic Garden Baèry Park City, Manhaàn

Neighborhood Park, Brooklyn Street Plaza, Midtown Manhaàn

Quality of Life, Recrea#on and Open Space


Coney Island, Brooklyn Times Square, Manhaàn

Quality of Life, 24/7 Ac#vity and Excitement


Gates, Central Park, Manhaàn, 2005 Waterfalls, East River, 2008

Quality of Life, Spectacles and Excitement

Summer Film Fes#val, Manhaàn Street Fair, Manhaàn


Times Square BID , Street Cleaning Quiet

Quality of Life, Cleanliness, Quiet


Clinton Hill, Brooklyn

High Line, Manhaàn Chelsea, Manhaàn

Upper West Side, Manhaàn

Good Architecture and Urban Design


Fresh Food Vending Cart Neighborhood Family Health Clinic

Public Health


Public Services

Parks and Recrea#on

Sanita#on Public Safety

Emergency Management


Public Policies, Private, Non-‐Profit Organiza#ons

Ready Willing and Able/The Doe Fund New York Restora#on Project



Police Athle#c League Food Bank for New York City



El Puente, Williamsburg, Brooklyn Cypress Hills LDC, Brooklyn



SoBRO, South Bronx, The Bronx Pra` Area Community Council, Brooklyn


Public Policies, Diversity and Immigra#on, Tolerance and Acceptance


How can Ci#es be made even more Energy-‐Efficient? •  Land Use •  Energy •  Transporta#on •  Infrastructure •  Synergies •  Materials and Resources •  Climate control


Office and Retail, The Bronx

Office and Retail, Brooklyn Bank of America Tower, Manhaàn

Land Use, Density and Mix of Uses


Via Verde, The Bronx

Via Verde, The Bronx

Land Use, Brownfield Redevelopment

Morris Park, The Bronx


Coney Island Plan, Brooklyn Coney Island Plan, Brooklyn

Land Use, Entertainment

Atlan#c Yards Arena, Brooklyn Baseball Park, Coney Island, Brooklyn


Tidal Power, East River

Tidal Power

Energy, Produc#on vs. Reduc#on

Energy-‐Saving Appliances


Solar Panels

Solar Panels


Individual Electric Meters


Geo-‐thermal Energy

Geo-‐thermal Energy, Manhaàn Insula#on Retrofit



Solar and Wind-‐powered Ligh#ng

Energy, Produc#on


Shading Revolving Doors

Energy-‐efficiency, Passive Climate Control

Air Intake, Operable Window Air Exchange, Door Transom


Energy, Alterna#ves

Non-‐Electric Alterna#ves Warmer Winter Clothing (President Carter, 1977)


Complete Street, Manhaàn Select Bus Service, The Bronx

Transporta#on, Improved Mass Transit

Light Rail, New Jersey Public Bus, Brooklyn


Bicycle Parking Shed, Brooklyn

Bus-‐Subway Connec#on, Manhaàn

“MetroCard” Electronic Fare Card

Regional Transit Fare Integra#on

Transporta#on, Improved Connec#vity


Bicycle Parking Garage, Germany Bicycle Parking, Williamsburg, Brooklyn

Bicycle Parking, Manhaàn Bicycle Lanes, Minneapolis, MN

Transporta#on, Bicycling


Transporta#on, Walking


Transporta#on, Car Sharing


Infrastructure, Water


Sewage Discharge, East River

Sewage Discharge, Hudson River Sewage Districts, New York City

Infrastructure, Wastewater


Stormwater Reten#on, Brooklyn

Green Roof, Brooklyn




Greywater Reuse Greywater Reuse


Infrastructure, Organic Waste


Street Recycling Cans, Manhaàn Garbage Recycling, Manhaàn

Infrastructure, Solid Waste

Used Goods Thris Store, Manhaàn Discarded Furniture


Used Goods Thris Store, Manhaàn Curbside Bulk Trash, Manhaàn

Infrastructure, Solid Waste


Materials and Resources, Reusable Containers


Pedestrian Plaza, Downtown Brooklyn

Planted Median, Downtown Brooklyn Street Trees, Manhaàn

Climate Control, Shading, Cooling


Ci#es with dense, mixed-‐use neighborhoods are part of the solu#on to climate change because people living there emit less carbon per person than people not living there – Preserve land for agriculture and for natural areas – Offer residents numerous transporta#on op#ons, where they will intrinsically choose mass transit as the fastest and easiest choice of transporta#on

– Allow for more efficient use of infrastructure – Require less energy per home due to smaller size and compactness

Conclusion


Ci#es with dense, mixed-‐use neighborhoods are part of the solu#on to climate change because people living there emit less carbon per person than people not living there

If a family cannot live in a city like New York, it will need to live

elsewhere and will use two-‐thirds more energy and emit that much more carbon in the atmosphere, adding to global warming.

Conclusion


To help solve climate change – Make ci#es more a`rac#ve to encourage more people to live there.

–  Improve the energy-‐efficiency of ci#es to reduce energy use even further and add to the climate change solu#on.

Conclusion

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