CITY BUS SERVICE EVALUATION
SAUNDATTI
Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT)
Government of Karnataka
December 2016
Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), Government of Karnataka
1 City Bus Service Evaluation - SAUNDATTI
Table of Contents
1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 3
1.1 Background ................................................................................................................................. 3
1.2 City Introduction – Saundatti (Savadatti) .............................................................................. 4
2. City Bus Services – Saundatti .......................................................................................................... 6
2.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 6
2.2 Performance Evaluation ............................................................................................................ 7
2.2.1. Service Level Benchmarks ................................................................................................. 7
2.2.2. Bus Route wise Analysis .................................................................................................. 10
A. Route No. 101/102 – from Savadatti to Ugargol ................................................... 10
B. Route No. 109/110 – from Savadatti to Asundi ...................................................... 13
C. Route No. 111/112 – from Savadatti to Yellamma Gudda .................................. 16
2.2.3. Observations on Overview of the Services ................................................................ 19
3. Suggestions and Recommendations .............................................................................................. 21
3.1. Conclusion .................................................................................................................................. 21
3.2. Public Opinions/Suggestions .................................................................................................. 22
3.3. Recommendations ..................................................................................................................... 22
Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), Government of Karnataka
2 City Bus Service Evaluation - SAUNDATTI
List of Charts
Chart 1: Population and Density Growth ............................................................................................... 5
Chart 2: Schedule and Operational Efficiency for schedules 101 and 102 ................................. 12
Chart 3: Schedule and Operational Efficiency for Schedules 109 and 110 ................................ 15
Chart 4: Schedule and Operational Efficiency for Schedules 111 and 112 ................................ 18
Chart 5: perceived Safety on all the services in saundatti ............................................................... 20
Chart 6: Suggestions on Bus and Bus facilities .................................................................................... 20
Chart 7: overall satisfaction of the Savadatti city bus services ....................................................... 21
List of Tables
Table 1: Saundatti city details ................................................................................................................. 4
Table 2: Vehicle Registration Data ......................................................................................................... 5
Table 3: Saundatti City Bus Route Details ............................................................................................. 7
Table 4: Operational Profile for Schedules101 and 102 ................................................................ 12
Table 5: Operational Profile For Schedules109 And 110 ............................................................... 15
Table 6: Operational Profile For Schedules111 And 112 ............................................................... 18
Table 7: Proposed Fleet Size for the City ........................................................................................... 23
List of Figures
Figure 1: Location of Saundatti ................................................................................................................ 4
Figure 2: Population and Density Growth .............................................................................................. 5
Figure 3: Bus Route from Savadatti - Ugargol ................................................................................... 11
Figure 4: Bus Route from Savadatti - Asundi....................................................................................... 13
Figure 5: Bus Route from Savadatti - Yellamma Gudda .................................................................. 16
Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), Government of Karnataka
3 City Bus Service Evaluation - SAUNDATTI
1. Introduction
1.1 Background
Public Transport is a critical element of urban transport system. A great emphasis needs to be
given to the public transport system because it offers the most efficient utilization of limited
resources – energy and land.
For a medium scale town, public transport would prove an affordable means of transportation,
providing a high degree of flexibility and convenient at an affordable cost. Public transport in
these kind of towns helps in connecting people and unlocks many economic opportunities for
local residents and businesses, enables students to get to schools or colleges, and helps the
elderly stay independent. It helps rural populations to access to jobs, retail centers, health care
and social services.
Performance of urban bus service could essentially contribute to improved environmental
conditions in cities by shifting mobility from private modes towards more efficient environmental-
friendly and safer travel modes. However, improvement in City bus system is not an easy task
due to the fact that city bus systems are affected by socio-economic, financial, environmental,
and political factors along with technological factors and physical problems. Performance of a
bus system is affected by several criteria, such as increase in the number of buses, bus stops,
and passengers, and changes along roadways and in land uses.
A poorly planned system causes inconvenience to the users, loses ridership, encourages use of
private vehicles and imposes financial burden on the operator. Inefficient public transport will
affect the competitiveness of a city’s economy due to its adverse effect on availability of labor
and individual’s expenditure on travel. An efficient public transport system is needed in the cities
where people have the option of using private vehicles/IPT to a large extent to travel within
the city. A well planned city bus service is needed for the following reasons:
Control the growth and usage of private vehicles on city roads
Reduction in congestion, pollution etc.
Reduction in Parking problems
The Government of Karnataka created the Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT) under
the Urban Development Department to integrate and coordinate all land transport matters in
the State. DULT has taken up the initiative of the introduction of city bus services in the Tier II
and Tier II cities. One such report is the, EVALUATION REPORT FOR SAVADATTI CITY BUS
SERVICE. A performance evaluation study has been carried out for the newly introduced City
Bus Services which partly funded from State Urban Transport Fund through DULT for Savadatti
town.
“Public Transport enhances the quality of life
and economic vitality of small cities and
towns”
Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), Government of Karnataka
4 City Bus Service Evaluation - SAUNDATTI
This study identifies some of the important issues related with the performance of newly
introduced bus system in Savadatti and proposes solutions for improvement in the performance
of the City bus system. Rapidly rising operating cost of the City bus services have placed
increasing emphasis on improved management and better utilization of existing facilities. It is
required to evaluate how well the existing city bus system is providing services to the public.
Therefore, new techniques to assist the evaluation of performance of City bus services are
needed. This study also presents some indicators which can be used to evaluate efficiency and
effectiveness of urban bus service.
1.2 City Introduction – Saundatti (Savadatti)
Savadatti town is a taluka head quarter of district Belgaum is a historical and famous pilgrim
place situated on the right bank of Malaprabha River in the state of Karnataka. The town is
situated at 15046’ N and 75004’ E and is at an altitude of 700m. It lies in the State Highway
(SH-65) between Bijapur and Dharwad. It is 96 kms away from Belgaum i.e. district
headquarters of Belgaum and 40 kms from nearest Railway station Dharwad.
Saundatti is a town in a Belagavi district in the Indian state of Karnataka. It lies on the banks of
River Malaprabha. Saundatti also known as Sugandavarti and (Savadatti in Kannada) is one
of the oldest towns in Belgaum district in the Indian state of Karnataka. It is a celebrated
pilgrimage centre located 78 kms from Belgaum and 37 kms from Dharwad. Savadatti is also
the name of the taluk (sub-district), which was previously named Parasgad. It is 465 kms away
from the state capital city Bangalore.
Saundatti, Town Municipal Council is a growing city and
part of the rapidly growing commercial centre. The city
is witnessing a spurt in construction activities and a
growing population.
As per 2011 census, Saundatti has a population of
41,215, Males constitute 49.96% of the population
and females 50.04%. Saundatti has an average
literacy rate of 77.06%, higher than the national
average of 66.53%: male literacy is 85.15%, and
female literacy is 69.01%. In Saundatti, 12% of the
population is under 6 years of age.
TABLE 1: SAUNDATTI CITY DETAILS
Sl.NO Particulars Details
1 Population (2011 Census)
41215
2 No of Households 12025
3 Area 16 sq.kms
4 Density (per sq. km) 2575
5 Sex ratio (2011 Census) 1002
6 Wards 23
7 Road length (km) 158 kms
FIGURE 1: LOCATION OF SAUNDATTI
Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), Government of Karnataka
5 City Bus Service Evaluation - SAUNDATTI
The population of Savadatti town was 16011 as per 1971 census and is 41215 as per 2011
census. Thus, it is almost triple within three decades. The growth of population is shown in the
below figure 2:
The Vehicular composition data of Saundatti city is as given below:
TABLE 2: VEHICLE REGISTRATION DATA
Sl.NO Vehicle types No. of
Vehicles
1 Two Wheelers 39319
2 Jeeps 238
3 Cars 2220
4 Auto Rickshaws 562
5 Omni Buses 347
6 Good Vehicles 2027
7 Others 8743
Total 53456
FIGURE 2: POPULATION AND DENSITY GROWTH
1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
Population 12299 16011 26404 33138 38212 41215
Density 769 1001 1650 2071 2385 2575
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
Pop
ula
tion
Year
Decadal Growth of Population and Density
Population
Density
CHART 1: POPULATION AND DENSITY GROWTH
Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), Government of Karnataka
6 City Bus Service Evaluation - SAUNDATTI
2. City Bus Services – Saundatti
2.1 Introduction
Increasing urban population coupled with increased economic activities and increased city size
has led to a rapid growth in urban travel demand. The increased travel demand in the city has
resulted in undesirable consequences like increased number of motor vehicles, which has a severe
impact on public transport patronage, traffic jams and road accidents apart from the
environment consequences. The intra city commuting in Saundatti is predominantly pedestrian. In
Saundatti, a good number of cyclists can also be seen. The main modes of transport in the town
are two-wheelers and three wheelers. The luggage carrying mode consists of autos and taxis.
With the increase in commercial and economic activities need for introduction or augmentation
of the public transport system to justify the mobility needs of the citizens of the city.
In this regard, a proposal for the induction of 6 buses were proposed by North Western
Karnataka Road Transport Corporation (NWKRTC) and sent to Government of Karnataka
(GoK) for seeking financial assistance. Considering the need and demand of the city for a
dedicated city service which caters to the need of the urban population in Saundatti, 50% of
the cost of the rolling stock requirement for city bus services was sanctioned by GoK. The
remaining 50% of the amount was borne by KSRTC. Hence, the funding was done for the
augmentation of the rolling stock through Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), UDD,
GoK, as per the “Scheme of utilization of State Urban Transport Fund (SUTF)”. Based on the key
nodes and centers of commuter transit, 3 initial bus routes were proposed. These routes connects
the entire city on major truck routes which extends towards the inner areas and certain nodes.
Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), Government of Karnataka
7 City Bus Service Evaluation - SAUNDATTI
The bus routes run by NWKRTC have been done considering the spatial configuration of the city
along with the key transportation networks. The routes and lengths in Saundatti city is shown in
table
TABLE 3: SAUNDATTI CITY BUS ROUTE DETAILS
Sl.No Route No. Route Details Route Length
(Kms) From To
1 101/102 Savadatti Ugargol 10
2 109/110 Savadatti Asundi 14
3 111/112 Savadatti Yellamma Temple 15
2.2 Performance Evaluation
The main objective of this study is to evaluate and analyze the operational efficiency of the city
bus services in Saundatti. The impact of these bus services on the commuters, the operator’s
effectiveness of running these services, the modal shift of the city, etc. needs to be evaluated.
This study also helps to analyze the satisfaction levels of the commuters with the introduction of
these city bus services as well as to help the operators to understand the system’s approach
which can further increase the ridership. The evaluation has been divided into 3 sections:
i. Service Level Benchmarks
ii. Route-Wise analysis (Passenger’s and Operator’s perspective)
iii. Perceived overview of Services
2.2.1. Service Level Benchmarks
The growing challenges of the urban sector in India requires a system which can measure the
performance of urban transport activities and also address the performance monitoring for
internal decision making. With this perspective, Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD) framed
a standard set of performance benchmarks which can help Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) and other
agencies in identifying performance gaps and suggesting improvements through the sharing of
information and best practices which ultimately results in better services to the commuters.
Accordingly all JNNURM mission cities are advised to undertake the process of service level
benchmarking. Service level performance indicators have been identified for various areas like
Quality and financial sustainability of public transport, Pedestrian/NMT safety and
infrastructure facilities, ITS facilities by the Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD).
The Service Level Benchmarks (as per MoUD) for public transport system indicate the city wide
level of Service (LOS) provided by public transport system during peak hours. This would require
indicators such as presence of organized public transport system; bus route coverage, service
frequency, and percentage fleet as per urban bus specifications. Therefore the parameters as
per the MoUD guidelines to assess the service initially were analyzed for Saundatti City Bus
Service.
Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), Government of Karnataka
8 City Bus Service Evaluation - SAUNDATTI
The service level benchmarks for the Public transport consists of two categories:
I. Public Transport Facilities
II. Sustainability of Public transport
I. Public Transport Facilities
i. Presence of organized public transport system in urban area (%)
Currently 6 buses are operated by NWKRTC in Saundatti.
A = Total Number of Buses in the City – 6 buses.
B = Total Number of Buses under the ownership of STU/SPV - 6 buses
Presence of Public Transport System in Urban Area
(%)
= (B/A)*100
=100%
Therefore, LOS 1 = 1
ii. Extent of supply availability of public transport
The Population of Saundatti city is 41215
A = Total Number of Buses in the City – 6 buses
B = Total Population of the city (2011 Census) –
41215
Availability of Public Transport / 1000 Population
= (A/B)*1000 = 0.145
Therefore, LOS 2 = 4
iii. Service coverage of public transport in the city
A = Total length of the road network (kms) on which
public transport systems ply in the city = 39 (in
Road Kilometers).
B = Area of the Urban Limits of the City = 16
Sq.kms
Service Coverage = (A/B) = 2.43
Therefore, LOS 3 = 1
LOS 1 Presence of
Organized PT
1 >= 60
2 40 - 60
3 20 - 40
4 < 20
LOS 2 Extent of supply
availability of public transport
1 >= 0.6
2 0.4 – 0.6
3 0.2 – 0.4
4 < 0.2
LOS 3 Service coverage of public transport
1 >= 1
2 0.7 – 1.0
3 0.3 – 0.7
4 < 0.3
Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), Government of Karnataka
9 City Bus Service Evaluation - SAUNDATTI
iv. % of fleet as per Urban bus specification
A = Total Number of Buses in the City – 6 buses
B =Total number of buses as per the Urban Bus
specifications in the city – 6 buses
% of fleet = (B/A)*100
= (6/6)*100 = 100%,
% of fleet as per urban bus specification is 100%,
Therefore, LOS 4 = 1
v. Average waiting time for public transport users (mins)
The Average LOS of the Waiting time for Public
transport is 40 min.
Therefore, LOS 5 = 4
II. Financial Sustainability of public transport
i. Staff /bus ratio
A = Total staff of bus operation and maintenance – 18
B = Total number of buses – 6
Staff / Bus Ratio = A/B= 3
Therefore, LOS 1 = 1
ii. Operating Ratio
A = Cost/veh.km = Rs. 30.43
B = Earning/veh.km = Rs. 19.65
Operating Ratio (ratio) = A/B = 1.54
Therefore, LOS 2 = 4
LOS 4 % of fleet as per urban
bus specification
1 75 - 100
2 50 - 74
3 25 - 49
4 <=25
LOS 5 Average waiting time
for public transport
1 <=4
2 4 - 6
3 6- 10
4 > 10
LOS 1 Staff /bus ratio
1 <=5
2 5.5 – 8
3 8 – 10
4 >10
LOS 2 Operating ratio
1 <0.7
2 0.7 – 1.0
3 1.0 - 1.5
4 >=1.5
Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), Government of Karnataka
10 City Bus Service Evaluation - SAUNDATTI
2.2.2. Bus Route wise Analysis
A route wise evaluation has been carried out on all the bus routes, to understand the travel
pattern of the passengers and to identify the constraints, if any in each route. This study is very
critical as the route characteristics will different from one route to another. The following section
list out the route wise analysis on both passenger and operators perspective for a better
understanding of the overall operational efficiency of each bus route.
A. Route No. 101/102 – from Savadatti to Ugargol
This route is operated between Savadatti bus stand to Ugargol village via Municipal office –
APMC – JogulBavi - Yellamma Gudda with a total route length of 10 kms.
a. Passenger Profile:
1. Majority of the commuters are in the age group of 40-60 years.
2. The average income group of the commuters in Savadatti is about Rs. 5000-10000.
3. An average travel distance between their origin and destination is about 11.62 kms.
4. Around 70% of commuters use Public Transit for their everyday commute.
5. Major Trips are Education trips (53%) followed by Work based trips (27%).
6. An average waiting time of 5-10 min has been recorded.
7. An average travel expense of Rs. <=500 has been observed.
Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), Government of Karnataka
11 City Bus Service Evaluation - SAUNDATTI
10%
33%
7%
37%
13%
Age Group
less than 15
15 -25
25- 40
40-60
Above 60
53%
27%
3%
17%
Purpose of Travel
Work
Education
Shopping
Others
30%
40%
27%
3%
Average Waiting Time
<5 minutes
5-10 minutes
10-15 minutes
15-30 minutes
Frequency of Bus Travel
Savadatti Bus Stop
Shanthinagar Bus Stop Yellamma Gudda
Bus Stop Ugargol Bus Stop
FIGURE 3: BUS ROUTE FROM SAVADATTI - UGARGOL
Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), Government of Karnataka
12 City Bus Service Evaluation - SAUNDATTI
b. Operation Profile:
Cost of Operation: The cumulative earning and cost of operations for this route was
found to be 20.28 and 33.26 respectively.
Load Factor: An average load factor of 59% has been recorded.
Trips per day: The approximate number of trips made is 16 trips /day.
TABLE 4: OPERATIONAL PROFILE FOR SCHEDULES101 AND 102
Sl.No Particulars Details
1 No. of Schedules 2 Nos. (101/102)
2 Scheduled Kms
3 No of Trips 16 trips /day / bus
4 Average EPKM 20.28
5 Average CPKM 33.26
6 Average Load Factor (%) 59%
7 Average Effective Revenue (Rs.) 658000
Note: Assessment carried for operations between September 2015 - February 2016 (6 months)
3150034200
76236601
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
101 102
Km
s
Schedule Nos.
Schedule Efficiency
Scheduled Kms Cancelled Kms
21.8218.74
32.7533.76
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
101 102
Rs.
Schedule Nos.
Operational Efficiency
EPKM CPKM
CHART 2: SCHEDULE AND OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY FOR SCHEDULES 101 AND 102
Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), Government of Karnataka
13 City Bus Service Evaluation - SAUNDATTI
c. Observations
i. Total of 2 schedules have been plying between Saundatti Bus Stand to Ugargol village.
The services are from 7AM to 8 PM.
ii. This route passes through one of the major routes covering major nodes like Municipal
Office, APMC market, Jogulbavi village, Yellamma Gudda and Ugargol village
iii. This route caters to a large number of work based trips to market and agriculture based
works. Tourist trips are observed during the season of Yellamma festival. These trips are
mainly concentrated during the peak hours, which caters commuters to their daily needs.
iv. The increase in load factor during the Yellamma festival in the months of December –
February has also been observed during this season.
d. Inferences
The Route 101 and 102 is very well connected to the municipal office, market, market yard
from the city of Saudatti. Connectivity to these areas finds large number of work based Public
Transport users opting for city buses for their commute during peak hours. Provision of proper
infrastructure facilities such as bus stops with proper bus shelters and seating for the passengers
can increase the load factor. As this route connects the nearby villages to the city center, the
frequency of the services may increase depending upon the peak hours which may lead to
additional ridership.
B. Route No. 109/110 – from Savadatti to Asundi
This route is operated between Savadatti bus stand to Asundi village via SLAO cross –
Government Hospital – Chopra College – Karikatti village with a total route length of 14 kms.
Asundi Bus Stop
Karikatti Bus Stop
Government
College Bus Stop
Government
Hospital Bus Stop
SLAO cross
Bus Stop
Savadatti Bus Stop
FIGURE 4: BUS ROUTE FROM SAVADATTI - ASUNDI
Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), Government of Karnataka
14 City Bus Service Evaluation - SAUNDATTI
a. Passenger Profile:
1. Majority of the commuters are in the age group of 15 - 25 years.
2. The average income group of the commuters in Savadatti is about Rs. 5000 -10000.
3. An average travel distance between their origin and destination is about 14 kms.
4. Around 55% of commuters use Public Transit for their everyday commute.
5. Major Trips are Education trips (42%) followed by Work based trips (29%).
6. An average waiting time of < 5 min has been recorded.
7. An average travel expense of Rs. <=500 has been observed.
b. Operation Profile:
Cost of Operation: The cumulative earning and cost of operations for this route was
found to be 18.47 and 28.94 respectively.
Load Factor: An average load factor of 54% has been recorded.
Trips per day: The approximate number of trips made is 16 trips /day
42%
10%
29%
19%
Age Group
15 -25
25- 40
40-60
Above 60
29%
42%
3%
26%
Purpose of Travel
Work
Education
Shopping
61%19%
10%
10%
Average Waiting Time
<5 minutes
5-10 minutes
10-15 minutes
15-30 minutes
Frequency of Bus Travel
Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), Government of Karnataka
15 City Bus Service Evaluation - SAUNDATTI
TABLE 5: OPERATIONAL PROFILE FOR SCHEDULES109 AND 110
Sl.No Particulars Details
1 No. of Schedules 2 Nos. (109/110)
2 Scheduled Kms
3 No of Trips 16 trips /day / bus
4 Average EPKM 18.47
5 Average CPKM 28.94
6 Average Load Factor (%) 54%
7 Average Effective Revenue (Rs.) 721500
Note: Assessment carried for operations between September 2015 - February 2016 (6 months)
c. Observations
i. Total of 2 schedules have been plying between Saundatti Bus Stand to Asundi village.
The services are from 7AM to 9 PM.
ii. This route covers hospitals, educational institutions and also settlements in between
Saundatti to Asundi.
iii. This route caters to a large number of education based trips as it covers all the major
schools and colleges. Educational trips are mainly concentrated on this route during peak
hours. During the non-peak hours works based trips are observed more as this routes
also covers the small settlements.
iv. The competition between private modes and city bus services is most evident in this route.
Even though a wide range of public transport service is provided by the operator, the
competitions from private jeeps/shared auto rickshaws has not been completely
eradicated (only 30-40% of reduction in the number of private modes).
4200037300
5544
3618
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
50000
109 110
Km
s
Schedule Nos.
Schedule Efficiency
Scheduled Kms Cancelled Kms
18.62 18.32
28.58 29.3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
109 110
Rs.
Schedule Nos.
Operational Efficiency
EPKM CPKM
CHART 3: SCHEDULE AND OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY FOR SCHEDULES 109 AND 110
Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), Government of Karnataka
16 City Bus Service Evaluation - SAUNDATTI
d. Inferences
The Route 109 and 110 covers all the major educational centers and hospitals in the city,
competition from the private vehicles like tempos/shared auto rickshaws is also more evident in
this route. By increasing the fleet of the services in this particular route and increasing the
frequency of these services may increase the usage of public transport and will be useful for
the passengers to commute to their respective destinations.
Provision of proper infrastructure facilities such as bus stops with proper bus shelters and seating
for the passengers can also increase the load factor.
C. Route No. 111/112 – from Savadatti to Yellamma Gudda
This route is operated between Savadatti bus stand to Yellamma Gudda (9 kms) via Kata
market – JogulaBavi – Kamanu and from Yellamma Gudda to Savadatti bus stand (6 kms) via
Tande cross – Shanthinagar – Spinning Mill with a total route length of 15 kms.
Savadatti Bus Stop APMC Market
Bus Stop Jogulabhavi
Bus Stop
Yellamma Gudda Bus
Stop Yellamma Gudda Bus
Stop
Shanthinagar
Bus Stop
FIGURE 5: BUS ROUTE FROM SAVADATTI - YELLAMMA GUDDA
Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), Government of Karnataka
17 City Bus Service Evaluation - SAUNDATTI
a. Passenger Profile:
1. Majority of the commuters are in the age group of 25 - 40 years.
2. The average income group of the commuters in Savadatti is about Rs. 5000 -10000.
3. An average travel distance between their origin and destination is about 7.85 kms.
4. Around 50% of commuters use Public Transit for their everyday commute.
5. Major Trips are Recreation trips (47%) followed by Work based trips (30%).
6. An average waiting time of < 5 min has been recorded.
7. An average travel expense of Rs. <=500 has been observed.
b. Operation Profile:
Cost of Operation: The cumulative earning and cost of operations for this route was
found to be 20.20 and 29.09 respectively.
Load Factor: An average load factor of 63% has been recorded.
Trips per day: The approximate number of trips made is 15 trips /day
13%
64%
20%
3%
Age Group
15 -25
25- 40
40-60
Above 60
30%
13%
10%
47%
Purpose of Travel
Work
Education
Shopping
Others (Temple)
61%19%
10%
10%
Average Waiting Time
<5 minutes
5-10 minutes
10-15 minutes
15-30 minutes
Frequency of Bus Travel
Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), Government of Karnataka
18 City Bus Service Evaluation - SAUNDATTI
TABLE 6: OPERATIONAL PROFILE FOR SCHEDULES111 AND 112
Sl.No Particulars Details
1 No. of Schedules 2 Nos. (111/112)
2 Scheduled Kms
3 No of Trips 15 trips /day / bus
4 Average EPKM 20.20
5 Average CPKM 29.09
6 Average Load Factor (%) 63%
7 Average Effective Revenue (Rs.) 679000
Note: Assessment carried for operations between September 2015 - February 2016 (6 months)
c. Observations
i. Total of 2 schedules have been plying between Saundatti Bus Stand to Yellamma
Gudda. The services are from 7AM to 9 PM.
ii. This route covers Bypass and major commercial roads, Markets, Mills and also settlements
in between Saundatti to Yellamma Gudda.
iii. This route caters to a large number of recreation (to temple) based trips and work based
trips as this service exclusively covers commuters from city center to the Yellamma temple.
Educational trips are mainly concentrated on this route during peak hours. This route
observes a huge number of ridership during the festival season which is from December
to February and the frequency of the services also increases at the time of festival.
iv. The competition between private modes and city bus services is most evident on this route
as only 2 schedules are running in this route at the time of festival season and will not
be able to cater to the commuters. The competition from private jeeps/shared auto
rickshaws can be observed more in that festival season.
35000 34000
61605848
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
111 112
Km
s
Schedule Nos.
Schedule Efficiency
Scheduled Kms Cancelled Kms
20.29 20.12
29.02 29.16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
111 112
Rs.
Schedule Nos.
Operational Efficiency
EPKM CPKM
CHART 4: SCHEDULE AND OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY FOR SCHEDULES 111 AND 112
Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), Government of Karnataka
19 City Bus Service Evaluation - SAUNDATTI
d. Inferences
The Route 111 and 112 covers exclusively to the Yellamma temple and the smaller settlements
in that route. Competition from the private vehicles like tempos/shared auto rickshaws is more
evident in this route at the time of festival season of Yellamma temple as only 2 schedules are
allocated in this route and will not be able to cater to the commuters/tourists. By increasing the
fleet of the services in this particular route and increasing the frequency of these services at the
time of festival season may increase the ridership of public transport and can reduce the
competition between the private vehicles (jeeps/shared auto rickshaws).
Provision of proper infrastructure facilities such as bus stops with proper bus shelters and seating
for the passengers can also increase the load factor.
2.2.3. Observations on Overview of the Services
In addition to the provision of reliable services, it is also very crucial to provide supporting
infrastructure for the provided services and delivering safe access to the commuters with
adequate infrastructure facilities. Access to Public Transport is a key element in social and
economic inclusion. Lacking in the safety and access to these services can increase the
dependency on the other private modes of transport which can tamper the Public Transport
services usage and ridership.
Based on the Survey analysis, the following suggestions/opinions are given by the passengers
using the Public Transport which can be enhanced further:
a. Lighting at Bus stops/shelters: Majority of the passengers have stated that proper
lighting has been provided at bus stops/shelters and terminals. The bus terminals are
well lit with provisions of other transit facilities. However, absence of the bus
stops/shelters are observed at many places in all the three routes and at some bus stops
lack of sufficient lighting is also observed.
b. Lighting provision inside the Buses: All the buses under Sustainable Urban Transport
Fund (SUTF) are well lit assuring safe travel to the commuters in the late evening hours.
c. Emphasis and Focus of Drivers/Conductors on safe driving: Commuters have
opinioned that the behavior of drivers and conductors have been satisfying both in terms
of the driving standards as well as ticket collections.
d. Safety in travelling in Public Transport during late evenings: The city bus services have
been appreciated at providing safe commute especially during late hours. Women have
opinioned that they prefer city bus service over other private modes as safety and
comfort is assured in buses.
e. Safety in travelling in Public Transport with less co-passengers: Commuters have been
assured of safety inside the bus despite low ridership during off peak hours. The
behavior of driver/conductor on board have assured them of a safe environment.
Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), Government of Karnataka
20 City Bus Service Evaluation - SAUNDATTI
f. Safety in waiting for Public Transport in bus stops: As the services are extended
beyond the CBD of the city where settlements are scarce and bus stops are spread at a
spacing of 1-1.5 km, commuters have expressed their discomfort for waiting at the bus
stops. They have also expressed that they even opt to commute by private tempos rather
than waiting for buses
The quality of the buses, Bus shelters and other supported infrastructure plays a significant role
in encouraging commuters to decide on Public Transport over other private modes of transport.
As part of this city bus service evaluation study, commuter’s satisfactions with respect to the
quality of service infrastructure is also evaluated.
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
Lighting Provisionat Bus Stop
Lighting Provisionin Buses
Do driversemphasize/focuson safe driving ?
Safety at lateevenings
Safety with lesscopassengers
Safety waiting atbus stops
Perceived Safety
101/102 109/110 111/112
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Are bus stops welldesigned?
Are buses and bus sheltersclean?
Are Informationsystems/other devices
installed in the bus and atbus stops ?
Is there information at Busstop and terminals about
routes and timings?
Buses & Bus Stop Facilities
101/102 109/110 111/112
CHART 5: PERCEIVED SAFETY ON ALL THE SERVICES IN SAUNDATTI
CHART 6: SUGGESTIONS ON BUS AND BUS FACILITIES
Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), Government of Karnataka
21 City Bus Service Evaluation - SAUNDATTI
With the services being under operations from September 2015, the operators or the CMC
have to still explore other suitable routes for the services and the bus stop locations. The current
bus shelters/stops are set up at very informal locations which aren’t actually catering to the
needs of commuters. In order to ensure increase in ridership, provisions of scientifically designed
bus shelters along with other basic facilities such as good seating and lighting must be provided.
3. Suggestions and Recommendations
3.1. Conclusion
Introducing and operating new Public Transport services in small and medium sized cities is quite
challenging as people find it very difficult to change their mode from one to another. The routes
and services should be scheduled in such a way that the route accommodates the needs and
demands of the commuters/passengers. The operator must also see the balancing the
operations of the services with respect to the cost of operations. Competition from other private
modes like jeeps and shared auto rickshaws running parallel to the public transport service
should also have to face by the operator.
The public benefaction of the city bus services in Savadatti is gradually attaining its importance.
Savadatti city bus services has been able to make a significant achievement within a very short
span of 9 months from its commencement i.e. from September 2015. The satisfaction survey
conducted for commuters indicates that the city bus services are safe, time & cost saving and
comfortable.
The city bus services in Savadatti has been widely appreciated and found to be operating
satisfactorily. Based on the data analysis, 98% of the surveyed commuters from all the schedules
have opinioned there positive satisfaction levels on the services.
About 84% of the commuters are fully satisfied with the services whereas 16% of commuters
feels that the services are good and needs improvement.
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120%
101/102
109/110
111/112
Satisfaction with the City Bus Services
14%
84%
2%
Overall Satisfaction of the Public Transport services
Fully Satisfied
Good
NeedsImprovement
CHART 7: OVERALL SATISFACTION OF THE SAVADATTI CITY BUS SERVICES
Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), Government of Karnataka
22 City Bus Service Evaluation - SAUNDATTI
3.2. Public Opinions/Suggestions
With the extensive surveys and discussions with the Public Transport users/passengers and
NWKRTC officials, there are few suggestions given by them in terms of improving the services
in Savadatti:
1. As there are many passengers who frequently visits to Belgaum city for their various
purposes and will be reaching their homes late night on their return journeys to Savadatti,
it was requested that the services needs to be extended at least by 8:30 PM or 9:00
PM.
2. In Route No. 109/110 from Savadatti to Asundi, it was requested by the passengers
that the services needs to be extended till one more village Belawadi village which is
12 kms from Asundi as this will help many people in the village as there is no public
transport existing at present.
3. In Route No. 101/102 from Savadatti to Ugargol, it was suggested that to increase the
frequency more services needs to be added in this route as it covers the major landmarks
like hospitals, educational institutions and markets. It was also requested by the
passengers that services should be extended till Hirekumbi village which is 4 kms from
Ugargol.
4. Well-designed bus stops/shelters needs to be developed with proper seating and
lighting facilities.
5. Audio announcement in addition with the Passenger Information System (PIS) board
needs to be introduced inside the services which will be helpful for the passengers.
3.3. Recommendations
Listed below are the recommendations that may be further explored in order to improve the
overall efficiency of the public transport services in Savadatti. The recommendations mentioned
below are based upon both operator as well as commuter’s perspective comments.
1. Introduction of new routes: The ridership on this route no. 111/112 from Savadatti to
Yellamma Gudda routes is comparatively lesser than the other 2 routes except in the
peak season (at the time of festival season), apart from that the operators should carry
out a feasibility study to explore new areas/neighborhoods routes that will have
additional potential ridership and including these routes by either extending the existing
routes or by introducing new routes.
2. Increased Ridership: Based on the Secondary data, load factors on all the routes has
been observed low except peak hours. It was also observed that due to less frequency
of buses, commuters opting for other private transport services for commuting.
Calculating fleet size: Based on the route length and duration of trips, the number of
buses required per route is estimated by formula assuming that Running speed = 20
Kmph for bus and a frequency = 10 min is expected.
Running time = Route length/Running speed
Directorate of Urban Land Transport (DULT), Government of Karnataka
23 City Bus Service Evaluation - SAUNDATTI
Therefore, Number of buses, N = 2 * (Running time + Turn over time)/Frequency
TABLE 7: PROPOSED FLEET SIZE FOR THE CITY
Sl.No Route No Route Length Running
Time (min)
Number of Buses
required
1 101/102 10 30 8.00
2 109/110 14 42 10.40
3 111/112 15 45 11.00
As per the demand and future expansion of the city, the frequency and the public
transport services needs to be strengthened in order to increase the ridership.
3. Extending the timings of the Services: Currently the services are from 7:30 am to 7:00
pm. Commuters have opinioned that the extension of the services for all the routes till
8:30 pm. However, the extension of timings of the services needs to be explored based
on the ridership expected.
4. Fare Structure: No complimentary benefits have been availed to commuter. Student pass
has been allowed in all the services. Existing fare has caused slight discomfort to few
commuters as these fares are not competitive with the fares of private vehicles. A few
complains on pilferage have also been reported.
The city bus fare has to be monitored regularly so that the fares are comparable with
other private modes and is affordable for common people/commuters.
5. Infrastructure: Poor infrastructure has been a limiting factor for the city bus services.
Absence of Bus shelters, seating arrangement ta bus stops, lack of passenger information
systems at bus stands/stops, information kiosks etc. seems to be the basic infrastructural
need for the city.
Considering Savadatti is one of the major tourist attraction, capitalizing on infrastructure
facilities may be a value addition for the city and the services.
6. Branding: Branding of Public Transport service has been a minor and yet a very
effective way of categorizing the services by the operator and is very stress-free for
the commuters to distinction of the services. Strategies for branding has become a
significant factor for any transport services for the operator in recent times. It not only
helps commuters to better connect with the system but it also helps in simplifying the
travel experience by enabling seamless & easy transfer between multiple services.
In addition to this, the scheduling of buses may also be simplified to enable commuters
for easy identification and transfers.
PASSENGER OPINION SURVEY (¥ÀæAiÀiÁtÂPÀgÀ C©ü¥ÁæAiÀÄzÀ ¸ÀªÉÃð) FOR EVALUATION OF CITY BUS SERVICE
Directorate of Urban Land Transport, UDD, GOK, Bangalore
Route No: ªÀiÁUÀðzÀ ¸ÀASÉå : _____________________ Route Name: ªÀiÁUÀðzÀ ºÉ¸ÀgÀÄ : _____________________
A. Commuter Profile ¥ÀæAiÀiÁtÂPÀgÀ ªÀiÁ»w
1. Age (ವಯಸಸು ): ...........................
2. Gender (ಲಂಗ): Male (ಪುರುಷ): Female (ಸತ ರೀ):
3. Average Income of the person (per month): (ವಯ ಕತಯ ಸರಾಸರ ವರಮಾನ) (ಪರ ತ ತಂಗಳು):
1000-5000 5000-10000 10000-25000 25000- 50000
4. What is the purpose of your travel? (ನಮಮ ಪರ ಯಾಣದ ಉದದ ೀಶವೇನು)?
Work (ಕಲಸ) Education (ಶಕಷಣ) Shopping (ಶಾಪಂಗ) Others (ಇತರ)
5. How often do you use Public Transport? (ಎಷಟು ಬಾರ ನೀವು ಸರಾಸರ, ಸಾವವಜನಕ ಸಾರಗ ಉಪಯೀಗ ಮಾಡುವರ)?
Every day (ಪರ ತದನ) Only on weekdays (ವಾರದ ದನಗಳು ಮಾತರ ) Occasionally (ಸಾಂದರಭವಕವಾಗ)
4. Origin (ಮೂಲ ಸಥ ಳ): ...........................
5. Destination (ತಲುಪುವ ಸಥ ಳ): ........................... Distance (KM) ...........................
6. Access Mode of travel of the person: (ವಯ ಕತಯ ಪರ ವಾಸ ಮೊದಲನ ಕರ ಮ): ...........................
7. Access time taken of the person: (ವಯ ಕತಯ ಪರ ಯಾಣ ಮೊದಲನ ವಚಚ ):
< 5min 5-10min 10-15 min 15-30 min
8. Egress Mode of travel of the person: (ವಯ ಕತಯ ಪರ ವಾಸ PÉÆ£ÉAiÀÄ ಕರ ಮ): ...........................
9. Egress time taken of the person: (ವಯ ಕತಯ ಪರ ಯಾಣ PÉÆ£ÉAiÀÄ ವಚಚ ):
< 5min 5-10min 10-15 min 15-30 min
10. Reason for using Public Transport: (ಸಾವವಜನಕ ಸಾರಗ ಉಪಯೀಗಸಲು ಕಾರಣ):
Comfort
(ಆರಾಮದಾಯಕ)
Safety
(ಸಸರಕಷತ)
Cost Saving
(ಹಣ ಉಳತಾಯ)
Time Saving
(ಸಮಯ ಉಳತಾಯ)
Directness of Service
(ಸೕವಯ ಪರ ತಯ ಕಷತ)
B. Reliability:
12. Do city Buses Arrive and depart on scheduled time? (ಈ ಸೕವ ಸರಯಾದ ಸಮಯಕ ಆಗಮಸಸತದಯೇ)?
Yes No If late, approximately by how many minutes? ...........................
13. What is the Average Waiting Time at the bus stop? §¸ï ¤¯ÁÝtzÀ°è §¸ï UÁV PÁAiÀÄĪÀ ¸ÀªÀÄAiÀÄ?
< 5min 5-10min 10-15 min 15-30 min
C. Affordability:
14. Average Travel Expenses / Month (at present): ಸರಾಸರ ಪರ ಯಾಣ ವಚಚ / ತಂಗಳು
< 500 500-1000 1000-1500 > 1500
15. Are you satisfied with the Current Bus fare system? If not, suggest the changes you would like to implement: (ಪರ ಸಸತ
ಬಸ ದರ ತೃಪಕರವಾಗದಯೇ? ಇಲಲ ವಾದಲಲ , ನೀವು ಕಾಯವಗತಗೂಳಸಲು ಬಯಸಸವ ಬದಲಾವಣಗಳನುು ಸೂಚಸತರ):
Yes No
ANNEXURE -1
D. Technology: vÀAvÀæeÁÕ£À
16. Do you use any technology (website/SMS/app etc.) to access service information?
§¸ï ¤¯ÁÝtzÀ CUÀvÀåªÁzÀ «ªÀgÀªÀ£ÀÄß vÀAvÀæeÁÕ£ÀzÀ ªÀÄÆ®PÀ ¥ÀqÉAiÀÄÄwÛ¢ÝÃgÁ?
Yes No
E. Perceived Safety: ÀÄgÀPÀëvÉAiÀÄ §UÉÎ
17. Are there adequate provisions of lighting at bus stops? §¸ï ¤¯ÁÝtzÀ°è CUÀvÀåªÁzÀ «zÀÄåvï ªÀåªÀ¸ÉÜ EzÉAiÉÄÃ?
Yes No
18. Are there adequate provisions of lighting inside buses at night? gÁwæ ªÉüÉAiÀÄ°è §¸ï M¼ÀUÉ «zÀÄåvï ¸Ë®¨sÀå EzÉAiÉÄÃ?
Yes No
19. Do drivers emphasize/ focus on Safe driving, boarding and alighting? §¸ï ZÁ®PÀgÀÄ ¸ÀÄgÀQëvÀªÁV ªÁºÀ£À ZÁ®£É ªÀiÁqÀÄvÁÛgÁ / §¸ï
ºÀvÀÄÛªÁUÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ E½AiÀÄĪÁUÀ ¥ÀæAiÀiÁtÂPÀgÀ ¸ÀÄgÀPÀëvÉAiÀÄ §UÉÎ UÀªÀÄ£À ºÀj¸ÀÄvÁÛgÉAiÉÄÃ?
Yes No
20. Does it feel safe to travel by bus after late evening? ÀAeÉ ªÉüÉAiÀÄ°è §¸ï ¥ÀæAiÀiÁt ¸ÀÄgÀQëvÀªÁVzÉAiÉÄÃ?
Yes No
21. Does it feel safe to travel by bus when there are hardly any passengers inside? §¸ï£À°è ¥ÀæAiÀiÁtÂPÀgÀ ¸ÀASÉå PÀrªÉÄ EzÁÝUÀ
¸ÀÄgÀQëvÀªÁVzÉAiÉÄÃ?
Yes No
22. Does it feel safe waiting at bus stops during night time or at unknown locations? gÁwæ ªÉüÉAiÀÄ°è §¸ï ¤¯ÁÝtzÀ°è §¸ïUÁV
PÁAiÀÄĪÀÅzÀÄ ¸ÀÄgÀQëvÀªÉÃ?
Yes No
F. Buses and Bus Stop facilities: §¸ï ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¤¯ÁÝtzÀ ¸Ë®¨sÀåzÀ §UÉÎ:
23. Do bus stops are well designed? (ಸರಯಾದ ಬಸ ಸಾು ಪ ಇದಯೇ)?
Yes No
24. Are buses and bus stops clean enough? §¸ï ªÀÄvÀÄÛ §¸ï ¤¯ÁÝt ¸ÀéZÀÒªÁVzÉAiÉÄÃ?
Yes No
25. Do information systems/other devices installed in the bus and at bus stops function all the time? §¸ï ¤¯ÁÝtzÀ°è C¼ÀªÀr¹gÀĪÀ
ªÀiÁ»w ªÀåªÀ¸ÉÜ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ EvÀgÉ ¸ÁzsÀ£À PÁAiÀÄðªÀ»¸ÀÄwÛzÉAiÉÄÃ?
Yes No
26. Do bus stops and terminals have adequate information provided about routes and timings?
§¸ï ¤¯ÁÝtzÀ°è CUÀvÀå«gÀĪÀ §¸ï ªÀiÁUÀðzÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ §¸ï ºÉÆgÀqÀĪÀ ¸ÀªÀÄAiÀÄzÀ §UÉÎ ªÀiÁ»w EzÉAiÉÄÃ?
Yes No
27. Are you satisfied with the overall bus service? MmÁÖgÉ §¸ï ªÀåªÀ¸ÉÜAiÀÄ §UÉÎ vÀÈ¦Û EzÉAiÉÄÃ?
Yes No
If yes, ºËzÀÄ JAzÁzÀgÉ
Fully Satisfied §ºÀ¼À vÀȦÛPÀgÀªÁVzÉ Good vÀȦÛPÀgÀªÁVzÉ
Needs improvement ¸ÀÄzsÁgÀuÉAiÀÄ CªÀ±ÀåPÀvÉ EzÉ Not at all satisfied CvÀȦÛPÀgÀ
H. Suggestions
28. Would you like any Routes to be added to the existing system? (ನೀವು ಬೇರ ಮಾಗವವನುು ಅಳವಡಸಲು ಬಯಸಸವರಾ)?
...........................................................................................................
29. Any other suggestions / Comments about the bus service/ (ಸಲಹಗಳು/ ಸತಟ ಬಸ ಸೕವಯ ಬಗ ನಮಮ ಅರಭಪರರ ಯ)
PARAMETERS
Total Eff. Kms (lakhs) Operated kms per day * total no of days from the commencement 2.14
% Fleet Utilization (Average no. of buses on-road / Average no. of buses held) * 100 100.00
Pass. Kms. (Lakhs) Traffic Revenue(in Lakhs) / .85 76.66
Seat Kms. (Lakhs) 38(no of seat) * Total Eff. Kms.(in Lakhs) 81.30
% Load Factor (Pass. Kms. (Lakhs) / Seat Kms. (Lakhs)) * 100 94.29
Pass. Carried/bus on road/day Passenger Carried / no of bus on road / no of days 0.09
Gross Kms.(Lakhs) Total Eff. Kms + Total Dead Kms 2.14
Staff on Workshop & Maintenance
0.9 * Average no. of buses held 10.80
Staff on Administration & Accounts
0.1 * Average no. of buses held 1.20
Staff per bus on-road Total Staff / Average no. of buses on-road 3.0
Eff.kms per staff per day Total Eff. Kms.(in Lakhs) * 100000 / no of days / Total Staff 57.14
Passenger Tax(in Lakhs) Traffic Revenue(in Lakhs) * 0.056 3.65
Total Revenue Traffic Revenue + Other Revenue 15.36
(paise/km) (Total Revenue (in Lakhs) / Total Eff. Kms.(in Lakhs)) * 101 725.13
% Cancel Kms (Cancel Kms / Schedule Kms) * 100 52.80
EPKM Traffic Revenue / Eff. Kms 19.65
Passenger per bus Total passengers / Schedule 0.42
Load Factor EPKM / 38(no of seat) / 0.85 * 100 60.84
Operational efficiency Eff. Kms / Schedule 0.36
KMPL Gross Kms / Hour Schedule per day(HSD) 5.37
CPKM Cost / Eff. Kms 30.43
Total Cost per Vehicle Kms CPKM / no. of vehicles 5.07
HSD Cost HSD * 45.7 97.77
Spare 0.28 * Eff. Kms 0.60
Tyres and Tubes 0.70 * Eff. Kms 1.50
Lubricants 0.10 * Eff. Kms 0.21
Others 0.06 * Eff. Kms 0.13
Dep on vehicle 2.81 * Eff. Kms 6.01
MV Tax Traffic Revenue * 0.056 0.38
Recondition 0.05 * Eff. Kms 0.11
Staff 1900 * Operation schedule 0.11
Dep / other assests 0.15 *Eff. Kms 0.32
Central overhead 0.50 * Eff. Kms 1.07
Interest 0.23 * Eff. Kms 0.49
Mact 0.10 * Eff. Kms 0.21
Miscellaneous 1.45 * Eff. Kms 3.10
Cost HSD Cost + Spare + Tyres and Tubes + Lubricants + Others + Dep on veh + MV Tax + Recondition + Staff + (Dep/other assets) + Central overhead + Interest + Mact + Misc
112.03
Margin Traffic Revenue - Cost -105.17
Net Profit (Total Revenue - Total Cost) / Eff. Kms -45.18
Operated Kms/day Eff. Kms / no of days 1182.00
ANNEXURE - 2
SLBs for Urban Transport- MoUD, Government of India
Overall
LOS
Calculated
LOS Comments
1 < 12
The City has a good public transport system which is wide spread and
easily available to the citizens. The system provided is comfortable.
2 12 - 16
The City has public transport system which may need considerable
improvements in terms of supply of buses/ coaches and coverage as
many parts of the city are not served by it. The frequency of the services
available may need improvements. The system provided is comfortable.
3 17 - 20
The City has a public transport system which may need considerable
improvements in terms of supply of buses / coaches and coverage as
most parts of the city are not served by it. The frequency of the services
available needs improvements. The system provided is not comfortable
as there is considerable over loading.
4 21-24 The city has very poor/no organized public transport system.
Level
of
Service
Presence of
Organized
Public Transport
System in
Urban Area (%)
Extent of
Supply
Availability
of Public
Transport
Service
Coverage
of Public
Transport in
the city
Average
waiting
time for
Public
Transport
users
(minutes)
Level of
Comfort in
Public
Transport
% of Fleet as
per Urban Bus
Specification
1 >= 60 >= 0.6 >= 1 <=4 <= 1.5 75 - 100
2 40- 60 0.4 - 0.6 0.7- 1 4 - 6 1.5 - 2.0 50 - 75
3 20 - 40 0.2 - 0.4 0.3 - 0.7 6 - 10 2.0 - 2.5 25 - 50
4 < 20 < 0.2 < 0.3 > 10 >2.5 <= 25
Level of
Service
Extent of Non fare
Revenue (%)
Staff /bus
ratio Operating Ratio
1 > = 40 < = 5.5 <= 0.7
2 20 - 40 5.5 - 8.0 0.7 - 1
3 10- 20 8 - 10 1 - 1.5
4 < 10 > 10 > 1.5
ANNEXURE -3
Financial Sustainability of Public Transport, MoUD, Government of India
Overall LOS Calculated
LOS Comments
1 < = 4 The public transport of a city is financially sustainable.
2 5 - 7
The public transport of a city is financially sustainable but needs some
improvements.
3 8- 9
The public transport of a city is financially sustainable but needs
considerable improvements.
4 10 - 12 The public transport of a city is not financially sustainable.
ANNEXURE -4