2011
CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN – 2030
Gaya Municipal Corporation
Urban Development & Housing Department Government of Bihar
Support Programme for Reforms in Bihar (SPUR)
City Development Plan, Gaya
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1 INTRODUCTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 1‐1 1.1 INTRODUCTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 1‐1 1.2 BACKGROUND ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 1‐1 1.3 ABOUT ‘SPUR’ ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 1‐2 1.4 CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN (CDP) ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 1‐3 1.5 OBJECTIVES OF THE ASSIGNMENT ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 1‐3 1.6 SCOPE OF THE WORK ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 1‐4 1.7 METHODOLOGY ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 1‐4 1.8 FRAMEWORK OF URBAN GOVERNANCE ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 1‐6
2 PHYSICAL FEATURES OF TOWN ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 2‐1 2.1 STATE BIHAR: AT A GLANCE ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 2‐1 2.1.1 Introduction ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 2‐1 2.1.2 Physical Features ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 2‐1 2.1.3 Demographic Features ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 2‐2 2.1.4 Work Participation ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 2‐2 2.2 DISTRICT GAYA: AN OVERVIEW ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 2‐3 2.2.1 Demographic Features ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 2‐3 2.2.2 Administrative Setup of the District ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 2‐4 2.2.3 Work Participation ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 2‐4 2.3 GAYA CITY: PROFILE ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 2‐4 2.3.1 Historical Importance ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 2‐4 2.3.2 Location and Regional Linkages ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 2‐5 2.3.3 Physiography ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 2‐5 2.3.4 Topography and Natural Slope ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 2‐5 2.3.5 Climate ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 2‐6 2.3.6 Existing Spatial Growth ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 2‐6
3 DEMOGRAPHY ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐1 3.1 INTRODUCTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐1 3.2 GAYA MUNICIPAL AREA AND POPULATION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐1 3.3 GROWTH TREND ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐1 3.4 POPULATION DISTRIBUTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐2 3.5 POPULATION DENSITY ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐3 3.6 HOUSEHOLD SIZE ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐3 3.7 SEX RATIO ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐4 3.8 LITERACY ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐4 3.9 SOCIAL COMPOSITION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐5 3.10 POPULATION PROJECTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐5 3.11 ISSUES AND FINDINGS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐6
4 ECONOMY ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 4‐1 4.1 INTRODUCTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 4‐1 4.2 ECONOMIC BASE ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 4‐1 4.3 TRADE AND COMMERCE ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 4‐2 4.3.1 Formal Markets‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 4‐2
City Development Plan, Gaya
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4.3.2 Informal markets ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 4‐3 4.4 Industries ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 4‐4 4.5 Religious Tourism ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 4‐5 4.6 ISSUES AND FINDINGS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 4‐6 4.7 DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 4‐7 4.8 IDENTIFIED PROJECTS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 4‐7
5 PHYSICAL PLANNING AND GROWTH MANAGEMENT ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 5‐1 5.1 INTRODUCTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 5‐1 5.2 EVOLUTION OF THE TOWN ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 5‐1 5.3 SPATIAL GROWTH TRENDS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 5‐2 5.4 LAND USE ANALYSIS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 5‐3 5.4.1 Existing Land‐ Use ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 5‐3 5.5 MASTER PLAN PROVISIONS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 5‐5 5.5.1 Proposed Land use Distribution, 2027 ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 5‐5 5.6 FUTURE GROWTH POSSIBILITIES ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 5‐6
6 WATER SUPPLY ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 6‐1 6.1 INTRODUCTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 6‐1 6.2 EXISTING STATUS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 6‐1 6.2.1 Sources of Water Supply ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 6‐1 6.2.2 Quality of Water at Source ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 6‐2 6.3 COVERAGE ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 6‐2 6.4 QUANTITY OF WATER SUPPLY ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 6‐2 6.5 WATER SUPPLY INFRASTRUCTURE ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 6‐3 6.6 WATER DISTRIBUTION ARRANGEMENTS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 6‐4 6.7 WATER TREATMENT FACILITIES ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 6‐5 6.8 PRESENT & FUTURE DEMAND AND SUPPLY GAPS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 6‐5 6.9 SWOT ANALYSIS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 6‐6 6.10 ISSUES AND FINDINGS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 6‐6 6.11 SECTOR VISION, GOALS AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 6‐6 6.11.1 Sector Vision and Goals ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 6‐6 6.11.2 Development Strategies ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 6‐7 6.12 IDENTIFIED PROJECTS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 6‐8
7 SANITATION AND SEWERAGE ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 7‐1 7.1 INTRODUCTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 7‐1 7.2 EXISTING STATUS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 7‐1 7.3 HOUSEHOLD TOILETS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 7‐1 7.4 MEANS OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 7‐2 7.5 PUBLIC TOILETS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 7‐2 7.6 PRESENT & FUTURE DEMAND AND SUPPLY GAPS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 7‐2 7.7 SWOT ANALYSIS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 7‐2 7.8 ISSUES AND FINDINGS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 7‐3 7.9 VISION, GOALS AND DEVELOPEMNT STRATEGIES ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 7‐3 7.9.1 Sector Vision and Goals ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 7‐3 7.9.2 Development Strategies ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 7‐4 7.10 IDENTIFIED PROJECTS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 7‐4
City Development Plan, Gaya
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8 DRAINAGE ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 8‐1 8.1 INTRODUCTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 8‐1 8.2 NATURAL SLOPE OF TOWN ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 8‐1 8.3 EXISTING DRAINAGE SYSTEM ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 8‐1 8.4 EXISTING DRAINAGE SYSTEM ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 8‐2 8.5 FLOOD PRONE AREA / WATER LOGGING AREAS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 8‐3 8.6 HOUSEHOLD ACCESSIBILITY TO DRAINS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 8‐3 8.7 SWOT ANALYSIS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 8‐4 8.8 KEY ISSUES AND CONCERNS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 8‐4 8.9 SECTOR VISION, GOALS AND STRATEGIES ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 8‐5 8.9.1 Sector Vision and Goals ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 8‐5 8.9.2 Development Strategies ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 8‐5 8.10 IDENTIFIED PROJECTS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 8‐6
9 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 9‐1 9.1 INTRODUCTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 9‐1 9.2 EXISTING STATUS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 9‐1 9.2.1 Quantity of Waste Generated and Collected ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 9‐1 9.2.2 Transportation and Disposal of Waste ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 9‐2 9.3 DEMAND AND SUPPLY GAP‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 9‐2 9.4 SWOT ANALYSIS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 9‐2 9.5 ISSUES AND FINDINGS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 9‐3 9.6 SECTOR VISION, GOALS AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 9‐3 9.6.1 Sector Vision and Goals ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 9‐3 9.6.2 Development Strategies ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 9‐4 9.7 PROJECTS IDENTIFIED ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 9‐5
10 ROADS AND TRANSPORTATION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 10‐1 10.1 INTRODUCTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 10‐1 10.2 REGIONAL LINKAGE TO THE CITY ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 10‐1 10.3 EXISTING ROAD NETWORK OF GAYA CITY‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 10‐1 10.4 TRAVEL CHARACTERISTICS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 10‐3 10.5 TRAFFIC CHARACTERISTICS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 10‐3 10.6 TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 10‐4 10.7 STREET LIGHTING ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 10‐4 10.8 ISSUES AND FINDINGS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 10‐4 10.9 SWOT ANALYSIS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 10‐5 10.10 SECTOR VISION AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 10‐5 10.10.1 Vision ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 10‐5 10.10.2 Development Strategies ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 10‐6 10.11 IDENTIFIED PROJECTS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 10‐6
11 SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 11‐1 11.1 INTRODUCTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 11‐1 11.2 EXISTING STATUS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 11‐1 11.2.1 Education ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 11‐1 11.2.2 Health ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 11‐2 11.2.3 Other Community Facilities ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 11‐2 11.3 ISSUES AND FINDINGS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 11‐3
City Development Plan, Gaya
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11.4 SECTOR VISION AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 11‐3 11.4.1 Vision ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 11‐3 11.4.2 Development Strategies ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 11‐4 11.5 PROJECTS IDENTIFIED ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 11‐4
12 BASIC SERVICES TO URBAN POOR ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 12‐1 12.1 INTRODUCTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 12‐1 12.2 EXISTING STATUS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 12‐1 12.2.1 Notified Slums in Gaya ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 12‐1 12.2.2 General Characteristics of Slums in GMC ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 12‐2 12.2.3 Land Ownership/ Tenure Status ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 12‐3 12.3 URBAN BASIC SERVICES IN SLUMS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 12‐4 12.3.1 Socio‐Economic Characteristics of Slum Population ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 12‐4 12.3.2 Basic Infrastructure and Environmental Conditions ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 12‐4 12.4 ISSUES AND FINDINGS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 12‐6 12.5 SWOT ANALYSIS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 12‐7 12.6 SECTOR VISION, GOALS AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 12‐7 12.6.1 Vision ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 12‐7 12.6.2 Goals and Service Outcomes ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 12‐8 12.6.3 Development Strategies ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 12‐8 12.7 PROJECTS IDENTIFIED ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 12‐9
13 HERITAGE AND TOURISM ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 13‐1 13.1 INTRODUCTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 13‐1 13.2 MAJOR RELIGIOUS/HOLY SITES IN GAYA ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 13‐1 13.3 FAIRS AND FESTIVALS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 13‐4 13.4 TOURISM POTENTIAL OF THE TOWN ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 13‐4 13.5 TOURIST INFRASTRUCTURE ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 13‐5 13.6 ISSUES AND FINDINGS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 13‐5 13.7 SWOT ANALYSIS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 13‐6 13.8 DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 13‐6 13.9 IDENTIFIED PROJECTS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 13‐7
14 ENVIRONMENT ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 14‐1 14.1 INTRODUCTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 14‐1 14.2 PHYSIOGRAPHY ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 14‐1 14.3 TOPOGRAPHY ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 14‐1 14.4 CLIMATE ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 14‐2 14.5 WATER RESOURCES ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 14‐2 14.6 WATER POLLUTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 14‐2 14.7 AIR POLLUTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 14‐3 14.8 LAND POLLUTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 14‐3 14.9 ENVIORNMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 14‐3 14.10 NATURAL DISASTERS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 14‐4
15 URBAN GOVERNANCE & REFORMS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 15‐1 15.1 MUNICIPAL GOVERNANCE ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 15‐1 15.2 MUNICIPAL GOVERNANCE IN BIHAR ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 15‐2 15.3 FUNCTIONS OF ULBs IN BIHAR ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 15‐3 15.4 FUNCTIONS OF GAYA MUNICIPAL CORPORATION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 15‐5
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15.5 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF GMC ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 15‐5 15.6 FINANCIAL POSITION OF GAYA MUNICIPAL CORPORATION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 15‐8 15.7 URBAN REFORMS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 15‐8 15.8 MANDATORY REFORMS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 15‐8 15.8.1 Reforms at Urban Local Body / Parastatal ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 15‐8 15.8.2 Reforms at State Level ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 15‐9 15.9 OPTIONAL REFORMS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 15‐10 15.10 ADOPTION OF MUNICIPAL REFORMS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 15‐10 15.10.1 Status of Mandatory Reforms at Gaya Municipal Corporation ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 15‐10 15.10.2 Status of Optional Reforms at Gaya Municipal Corporation ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 15‐12 15.11 ISSUES AND FINDINGS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 15‐12 15.12 STRATEGIES AND PROJECTS IDENTIFIED ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 15‐13
16 CITY VISION, GOALS AND STRATEGIES ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 16‐1 16.1 BACKGROUND ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 16‐1 16.2 CITY LEVEL SWOT ANALYSIS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 16‐1 16.3 CITY LEVEL VISION 2030 ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 16‐2 16.4 DEVELOPMENT GOALS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 16‐3 16.5 DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 16‐4
17 CITY INVESTMENT PLAN ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐1 17.1 INTRODUCTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐1 17.2 PROJECT IDENTIFICATION AND PHASING ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐1 17.3 OVERALL INVESTMENT PLAN ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐1 17.4 SECTOR WISE INVESTMENT PLAN ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐2 17.4.1 Economic Development ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐2 17.4.2 Water Supply ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐3 17.4.3 Sewerage and Sanitation ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐4 17.4.4 Drainage ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐4 17.4.5 Solid Waste Management ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐5 17.4.6 Roads and Transportation ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐5 17.4.7 Social Infrastructure ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐6 17.4.8 Urban Poor and Slums ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐7 17.4.9 Heritage and Tourism ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐7 17.4.10 E‐Governance and Reforms ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐7
18 FINANCIAL OPERATING PLAN ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐1 18.1 INTRODUCTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐1 18.2 FINANCIAL PROFILE: EXISTING SCENARIO ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐1 18.3 SOURCES OF REVENUE ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐1 18.4 REVENUE INCOME ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐1 18.4.1 Growth of Income ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐2 18.5 REVENUE EXPENDITURE ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐3 18.6 SURPLUS/DEFICIT ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐4 18.7 FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐5 18.8 INVESTMENT REQUIRMENT ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐6 18.9 FUNDING PATTERN ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐7 18.10 FUTURE POTENTIAL OF GMC CONSIDERING PAST TRENDS (ALTERNATE‐I) 18‐10 18.11 FUTURE POTENTIAL OF GMC BASED ON SPURs ASSUMPTION (ALTERNATE‐II)18‐10
City Development Plan, Gaya
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18.11.1 Assumptions for Estimating GMC’s Financials‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐10 18.11.2 Financial Projections ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐11 18.12 COMPARISION OF ALTERNATE‐I and ALTERNATE‐II ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐12
19 PLAN MONITORING AND REVIEW ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 19‐1 19.1 INTRODUCTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 19‐1 19.2 MONITORING UNIT ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 19‐2 19.3 PLAN REVIEW ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 19‐2
20 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 20‐1 20.1 INTRODUCTION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 20‐1 20.2 STAGES OF STAKEHOLDERS’ WORKSHOP ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 20‐1 20.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE WORKSHOP ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 20‐2 20.4 OUTCOMES OF THE WORKSHOP ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 20‐3
List of Tables Table 3.1: Population Growth Trends ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐1 Table 3.2: Population Size Distribution ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐3 Table 3.3: Population Density ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐3 Table 3.4: Residential and Non‐ Residential use of Occupied Houses ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐4 Table 3.5: Sex Ratio in last Three Decades ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐4 Table 3.6: Literacy Rate in Gaya Municipal Corporation Area ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐4 Table 3.7: Social Composition of Population in Gaya ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐5 Table 3.8: Projected Population for Gaya Municipal Area ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐5 Table 4.1: Distribution of Workers, 2001 in Gaya ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 4‐1 Table 4.2: Occupational Structure of GMC ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 4‐1 Table 4.3: Main Commercial Areas ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 4‐2 Table 4.4: Distribution of Informal Commercial Markets: Gaya City ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 4‐4 Table 4.5: Small scale and household industries in Gaya ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 4‐4 Table 4.6: Identified Projects for Economic Base: Gaya City ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 4‐8 Table 5.1: Developed and Undeveloped area in Gaya Municipal Corporation, 2001 ...... 5‐3 Table 5.2: Land‐use Break up of GMC Area, 2001 ............................................................ 5‐3 Table 5.3: Proposed land Use, 2027, Gaya ....................................................................... 5‐6 Table 6.1: Number of Public Hand Pumps and Public Stand Posts in Gaya ..................... 6‐2 Table 6.2: Household Wise Water Supply System, 2001 .................................................. 6‐2 Table 6.3: Details of Tube‐Wells in GMC .......................................................................... 6‐3 Table 6.4: Details of Storage Infrastructure ..................................................................... 6‐4 Table 6.5: Gap in Demand and Supply of Water .............................................................. 6‐5 Table 6.6: Goals and Service Level Benchmarking for Water Supply System .................. 6‐7 Table 6.7: Projects Identified for Water Supply System of Gaya ..................................... 6‐8 Table 7.1: Goals and Service Level Benchmarking – Sewerage and Sanitation ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 7‐3 Table 7.2: Projects Identified for Sanitation and Sewerage for Gaya ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 7‐4 Table 8.1: Types of Drains ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 8‐1 Table 8.2: Major Drains of Gaya City ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 8‐2 Table 8.3: Details of Nallah of Eastern and Western Zone of Gaya ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 8‐2 Table 8.4: Goals and Service Level Benchmarking –Storm water Drains ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 8‐5 Table 8.5: Identified Projects for Drainage System of Gaya ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 8‐6
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Table 9.1: Type and Number of Vehicles present in GMC ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 9‐2 Table 9.2: Goals and Service Level Benchmarking –Solid Waste Management ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 9‐3 Table 9.3: Identified Projects for SWM ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 9‐5 Table 10 1: Major Roads within the City ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 10‐2 Table 10 2: Surface Wise Road Length ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 10‐2 Table 10 3: Registered Vehicles, 2009: Gaya Municipal Corporation ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 10‐3 Table 10 4: Projects Identified for Roads and Transportation ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 10‐6 Table 11.1: Existing Educational Facilities in Gaya, 2010 ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 11‐2 Table 11.2: Projects Identified for Social Infrastructure ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 11‐4 Table 12.1: List of Notified Slums ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 12‐1 Table 12.2: Land Ownership of Slum Pockets in GMC ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 12‐3 Table 12.3: Tenure Status of Gaya Slums ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 12‐4 Table 12.4: Goals and Service Outcomes‐Basic Services for Poor ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 12‐8 Table 13.1: Religious and Rituals Sites (Pind daan Sites) in Gaya ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 13‐3 Table 13.2: Identified Projects for Heritage and Tourism ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 13‐7 Table 15.1: State‐wise compliance of provisions of 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992. ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 15‐2 Table 15.2: Details of Manpower Resources in Gaya Municipal Corporation, 2010 ‐‐‐‐ 15‐6 Table 15.3: Identified Projects ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 15‐13 Table 17.1: City Investment Plan for Gaya City (2011‐2030) ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐2 Table 17.2: City Investment Plan for Economy ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐3 Table 17.3: City Investment Plan for Water Supply ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐3 Table 17.4: City Investment Sewerage & Sanitation ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐4 Table 17.5: City Investment Plan for Drainage ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐5 Table 17.6: City Investment Plan for Solid Waste Management ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐5 Table 17.7: City Investment Plan for Roads and Transportation ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐5 Table 17.8: Social Infrastructure ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐6 Table 17.9: Services to Urban Poor ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐7 Table 17.10: Heritage and Tourism ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐7 Table 17.11: City Investment Plan for E Governance and Reforms ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 17‐8 Table 18.1: Income of Gaya Municipal Corporation (Rs in lakh) ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐1 Table 18.2 : Income Growth Rate (%) of Gaya Municipal Corporation ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐2 Table 18.3: Structure of Total Income of Gaya Municipal Corporation ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐2 Table 18.4: Efficiency of Property Tax Collection in GMC Area ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐3 Table 18.5: Expenditure of Gaya Municipal Corporation (Rs in lakh) ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐3 Table 18.6: Growth Rate of Expenditure (%) of Gaya Municipal Corporation (Rs in lakh)18‐4 Table 18.7: Structure of Expenditure (%) ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐4 Table 18.8: Surplus/deficit (Rs Lakh)‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐4 Table 18.9: Financial Sustainability ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐5 Table 18.10: Fiscal Gap ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐5 Table 18.11: City Investment Plan for Gaya City (2011‐2030) ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐6 Table 18.12: Funding Pattern for all Phases ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐7 Table 18.13: Funding Amounts for Phase‐ I ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐7 Table 18.14: Funding Amounts for Phase‐II ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐8 Table 18.15: Funding Amounts for Phase‐III ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐9 Table 18.16: Assessment of Requirement of Funds and Percentage Share from Sources18‐9 Table 18.17: Trend‐based Projection of Revenue and Expenditure ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐10
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Table 18.18: Assumptions by SPUR for future projection of financials of GMC ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐10 Table 18.19: Expected Income and Expenditure Based on SPUR Projection (Rs Lakh)18‐11 Table 18.20: Funding of Nigam of its Share of Investment (Rs Lakh) ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐12 Table 18.21: Comparison of Financials of GMC by Two Alternatives ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 18‐13
List of Figures Figure 1.1: Methodology ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 1‐5 Figure 3.1: Population Growth Trend, 1971‐2001 ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐2 Figure 3.2: Literacy Rate ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐5 Figure 3.3: Projected Population by Various Methods ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 3‐6 Figure 5.1: Landuse of Gaya Municipal Limit: 2001 ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 5‐4 Figure 8.1: Household Wise Type of Connectivity for Waste Water ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 8‐4 Figure 13.1: Tourist Inflow ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 13‐5 Figure 15.1: Organisational Structure Gaya Nagar Nigam ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 15‐6
List of Maps Map 2.1: District Map of Bihar Map 2.2 : Location of Gaya Map 2.3: Regional Network Map 2.4: Gaya City Map Map 3.1: Ward Map Map 3.2: Population Size Distribution Map 4.1: Commercial Activities Map 6.1: Water Supply Infrastructure Map 10.1: Existing Road & Transportation Map 10.2: Proposed Road & Transportation Infrastructure Map 11‐1: Social Infrastructure Map 12‐1: Slum Map Map 14.1: Map showing Earthquake Zones in Bihar Map 14.2: Map showing Wind and Cyclone Zone, Bihar Map 14.3: Map showing Flood Zones, Bihar
List of Annexure
Annexure I: List of Closed & Open Drains Annexure II : List of Slums in Gaya Annexure III: Status of Basic Infrastructure in Gaya Annexure IV: Financial Details of GMC for the FY 2008‐09 Annexure V: Financial Details of GMC for the FY 2009‐10 Annexure VI: Financial Projection Report (2011‐2016) by SPUR Annexure VII: List of Stakeholder's Participated in Workshops
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
E.1 BACKGROUND
In the last few years, the policy environment in Bihar has undergone significant change
with the formulation of several ‘reform oriented’ policies conducive to long term
development. The impact of these policies has not been as desired, largely on account
of limitations in implementing abilities. As a result, Bihar has continued to lag behind
other states.
In this effort, Urban Development and Housing Department, Government of Bihar in
association with SPUR (DFID supported programme) for the betterment of the local
populace, has initiated the process of a planned and integrated development in the
State. One of the major initiatives in this direction is formulation of a City Development
Plan for various Urban Local Bodies across the State. Egis India has been appointed as
Consultants for the preparation of City Development Plan for Gaya.
E‐2 CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN (CDP)
A City Development Plan (CDP) is to think systematically of the future of the city and to
determine how it wishes to shape that future. It sets a vision for the city to be achieved
within a stipulated period of time, in sync with the character of the city and in
consensus with its stakeholders. It charts out the course of action so that the city is
enabled to reach the set goal within the target period. A CDP helps in enhancing the
livability, sustainability and manageability of the city.
The objectives of preparation of CDP include:
Define the growth directions and service up‐gradations in relation to the activity
mix/ growth;
Assess the demand‐supply gap in services to estimate and prioritize project
requirements;
Define specific rehabilitation and capital improvement needs with regards to
priority city infrastructure in both slums and other areas;
Define revenue enhancement and revenue management improvements
required to sustain the investment proposed;
Reforms required in local administration and service delivery to ensure financial
sustainability and improvements in service levels;
Suggest changes required at the local level to improve O & M of assets including
use of different institutional and PPP models and address common growth and
infrastructure issues.
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E.3 PREPARATION OF CDP: A MULTISTAGE EXERCISE
The City Development Plan is a multi stage exercise to be carried out in close
collaboration with the concerned ULBs. Four stages have been followed for the
preparation of City Development Plan. These are i) Inception ii) Interim Report iii) Draft
CDP and iv) Final CDP.
During the preparation of CDP, the participation of the stakeholders, who know their
city best, is ensured at every stage of formulating the CDP. For this purpose, workshops
have been organized details of which are shown in Table E‐1.
Table E‐1: Workshop Details
Workshop Stages Date
Ist Workshop Inception Report 27th August 2010
IInd Workshop Interim Report 30th January 2011
IIIrd Workshop Draft Report 5th May 2011
E‐4 TOWN PROFILE: GAYA
E‐4.1 Historical Importance of Gaya
Gaya opened up with the Sisunaga dynasty founded by Sisunaga, who exercised power
over Patna and Gaya around 600 BC. Bimbisara, fifth in line, who lived and ruled around
519 BC, had projected Gaya to the outer world. Having attained an important place in
the history of civilisation, the area experienced the bliss of Gautam Buddha and
Bhagwan Mahavir during the reign of Bimbisara. After a short spell of Nanda dynasty,
Gaya and the entire Magadh region came under the Mauryan rule with Ashoka (272 BC
– 232 BC) embracing Buddhism. He visited Gaya and built the first temple at Bodh Gaya
to commemorate Prince Gautama's attainment of supreme enlightenment.
Guptas dynasty ruled the region during the 4th and 5th century A.D. Samudragupta of
Magadh helped to bring Gaya into limelight. Gaya then passed on to the Pala dynasty
with Gopala as the ruler. It is believed that the present temple of Bodh Gaya was built
during the reign of Dharmapala, son of Gopala. Gaya came under the reign of
Muhamaddan rulers in the 12th century with Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khilji invading the
region. For a short period thereafter, the Pathan Chief Sher Shah ruled over the place at
the end of 16th century. The place finally passed on to the Britishers after the battle of
Buxar in 1764.
Gaya finds mention in the great epics, Ramayana and Mahabharata. Rama along with
Sita and Lakshmana visited Gaya for offering PIND‐DAN to their father Dasharath. In
Mahabharat, the place has been identified as Gayapuri.
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E‐4.2 Location and Regional Connectivity
Gaya is located in the south central part of the state of Bihar, in the north‐eastern part
of India. It is a part of the great Gangetic plains. It is located on the bank of the Falgu
River, which is a tributary of river Ganges. It is 13 km north of Bodhgaya and about 100
km south of Patna city, the state capital. There are small rocky hills as backdrops
shaping the morphology of the city. River Falgu flows on eastern half of the city towards
south.
Gaya is well connected with the regional road network within the state and to various
materopolises in the country. Gaya city is regionally connected with Patna via
Jahanabad through NH‐83 towards the north of Gaya. Further Gaya is connected to
Aurangabad, Sasaram to Delhi though NH‐2 which meets NH‐83 (passing from Gaya
City) at Dobhi. Also Gaya is connected to Kolkata by SH‐8 and by NH‐2.
Gaya is also well connected to Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Guwahati, and Chennai metro
cities and to Patna and Kiul through broad gauge railway line. It is the second most
important station and junction in Bihar after Patna.
Gaya has an International Airport. It is an international airport connected to Colombo
(Sri Lanka), Bangkok (Thailand), Singapore, and Bhutan.
E‐4.2 Demography
Gaya Municipal Corporation is spead over an area of 50.17 sq.km divided into 53 wards
housing a population of 3,89,192 (Census 2001). The gross population density of town is
78 ppha. Highest density is in ward no. 21 i.e. 1450 ppha and the lowest density is in
ward no. 29 i.e. 8 ppha.
Sex ratio of Gaya is 885 females per 1000 males (2001) which is lower than the district
and state average. Literacy rate in Gaya is 77.2 percent of which 58% are males and 42%
are females.
E‐4.3 Projected Population
In addition to bridge the existing gaps, demands for infrastructure and urban basic
services in future, population needs to be estimated to improve quality of life of the
residents of town. Consultants using various statistical methods, based on population
growth trends in previous years, have projected the population as presented in Table
E‐2.
Table E‐2: Population Projection
Year Arithmetic Increase Method Geometric Method Incremental Increase Method
1961 151105 151105 151105
1971 179884 179884 179884
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Year Arithmetic Increase Method Geometric Method Incremental Increase Method
1981 247075 247075 247075
1991 291675 291675 291675
2001 389192 389192 389192
2011 503082 669565 463730
2021 830847 689400 576746
2030 1089816 894726 703250
Estimated population of 7,03,250 by Incremental Increase Method has been adopted
for planning purposes as it seems closer to the ground realities and population
estimated by HUDCO as well.
E‐4.4 Economy
Occupational structure of the populace is the primary indicator of nature of economy
and economic base of the town. Workforce participation in Gaya is 24.5% which is
lower than the district’s average of 33.6%. Out of total working population, 86.4%
workers are main workers of which 88.5% are male workers showing marginal number
of working females in Gaya. 84.8% of total workers are ‘Other Workers’ which are
involved in secondary and tertiary sector activities followed by workers engaged in
household industries (8.5%).
Industrial Activities
There is no major industrial set up in the town. Gaya mainly has household industries
which include powerloom/handloom, non‐scented aggarbatti, trading perfumery, tilkut‐
lai, building material (stone and window grill), wooden furniture material, artesians
statue/clay pieces, carton manufacturing, railway sleepers etc. A majority of these
household industries are located in the old city and Manpur area. Approximately
119925 workers are employed in these industries of which maximum are engaged in
powerloom/handloom and aggarbatti making. Many people are also engaged in making
incense sticks, candles and sweet called tilkut. Other than above, there are few toffee
industries, oil and sugarcane mills in Gaya.
Trade and Commerce
Gaya acts as a service centre for whole district. There is no hierarchy of commercial
centres in Gaya. The old city acts as a centre of both whole sale and retail commercial
activities. In Gaya major commercial activities are concentrated along important roads
of town viz. G.B. Road, Netaji Subhash Road, Rang bahadur Road, Anugrah Road, Station
Road, Swarajpuri Road, K.P. Road, Katari Road, Ram sagar Road, Ander Gaya Road,
Telibagh Road and New Godown Road.
Religious Tourism
Gaya is an impotant pilgrim center sanctified by both the Hindu and the Buddhist
religions. Gaya is important for Hindus for performing rituals of pind daan. Main pilgrim
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heritage sites in Gaya are Vishnupad Temple, Mangla Gauri Temple, Pritshila temple,
Ramshila Temple and Brahmayoni Temple. In addition to above, there are 54 sites and
about 18 sarovars for pind daan in Gaya of varied religious importantce viz. Brahma
Kund, Ram Kund, Uttarmanas, Brahm Sarovar, Rukmani Sarovar, Sarju Sarovar,
Uttarmanas Sarovar, Sita Kund, Suraj Kund, Falgu River etc. Also largest masjid of Bihar,
Jama Masjid is present in Gaya. Sizeable population in Gaya involved in economic
activities like hotels, restaurants, tour and transport operators and retail trade are
mainly dependent on tourists visiting town.
E‐5 CITY VISION
Developing a shared and unanimous City Vision is central to the preparation of City
Development Plan (CDP). A vision is a statement where the city wishes to go, within a
given timeframe, and often expressed in clear expectations. The statement summarises
the future city and helps visualize the future destination for the city so that all efforts,
strategies, actions are oriented towards it without losing focus.
Vision defines the potential of the city and reflects its unique attributes in terms of
comparative and competitive advantages, values and preferences of the city’s
residents, its place in the larger spectrum of settlements at local, regional, national and
international levels. The unanimously agreed vision statement is as under:
“Gaya is visualized as a Regional Service Centre with well defined
hierarchical commercial centers and as a pilgrimage & leisure destination
with thriving sustained economy supported by quality physical & social
infrastructure for citizenry and visiting tourist.”
E‐6 SECTORAL ISSUES AND STRATEGIES
Studying the existing infrastructure availability, issues and findings have been derived
and strategies have been formulated to achieve the vision of the city. Further to
implement the strategies projects have been identified.
E‐6.1 Economy
ISSUES AND FINDINGS
Gaya is mainly dependent on household industries such as powerloom/handloom,
agarbaati making, building material, tilkut‐lai etc.;
City has huge potential for dairy due to agro‐ climatic conditions;
Many people are engaged in making incense sticks, candles and sweet called Tilkut;
Gaya is famous for regious tourism;
There are informal commercial markets and shops in the form of encroachment;
STRATEGIES
Development of industrial sheds for promotion of household industries;
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Modern communication facilities (internet, etc.)and new techniques for competing
in the market place
Promotion of Dairy products & processing units for diversification in economy
Development of organised commercial complexes & platforms for weekly market
etc. to reduce informal activities.
MAJOR PROJECTS
Renovation of the existing municipal markets and development of organised
commercial complexes;
Development of industrial promotion zone/sheds for household industries;
Promotion of dairy promotion and product processing units.
E‐6.2 Water Supply
EXISTING STATUS
Ground water is the only source of water. Present supply is 40‐50 LPCD. 40‐45% is
covered wherein 4‐8hrs/day water is supplied. Only bleaching power is used as
disinfectant in place of conventional treatment plant. There are 7 OHTs with capacity of
30 lakh gallon. Length of distribution system is 70 kms. 60% percent H/Hs have
individual connections of water. Connection charges are with flat rate of Rs. 700.
ISSUES AND FINDINGS
Inadequate quantity, area covered & duration of water supply;
Distribution network is very old (high losses and water contamination)
Inadequate infrastructure viz. storage, pumping station etc.
Non‐revenue water (no metered connections)
O & M Cost Recovery is 40%.
STRATEGIES
A comprehensive water supply augmentation scheme (to ensure 24x7, good quality
water and 100% network coverage) with minimum transmission losses;
100 lpcd water is targeted in Phase‐I and 135 lpcd targeted in Phase‐II
Ground water recharging (rain water harvesting, conserving water bodies, etc)
Reuse of treated waste water. Dual pipe supply system (potable and treated water)
Non revenue water to be brought down to 0 % in phased manner
O & M cost will be recovered through water charges and connection charges
MAJOR PROJECTS
Distribution network for water supply (Main line:10 Km. & Secondary line:78 Km)
4 nos. of Overhead reservoirs (25 lakh capacity each)
3 nos. of Underground Tanks (20 lakh capacity each)
Water Filtration /Treatment Plant (100 MLD of capacity)
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E‐6.3 Sewerage & Sanitation
EXISTING STATUS
Underground sewerage system is absent in Gaya. Only 40 % houses have septic tanks
and there are 10 public conveniences (5 in slums) in Gaya. Present waste generation is
37.09 MLD and in 2035 is 75.95 MLD.
ISSUES AND FINDINGS
Lack of sanitation facilities (individual and community toilets) leads to open
defecation along river & open drains;
Intermixing of wastewater with storm water in drains;
Falling of untreated waste into Falgu River and open low lying areas creates
pollution in city.
STRATEGIES
Approach towards providing 100% access to toilets, to eradicate open defecation;
Installation of wastewater treatment plant at suitable location;
A Comprehensive (100%) Sewerage Network shall be laid which will ensure that all
wastewater is collected, treated and disposed off easily.
Provision of community toilet blocks particularly in slums and EWS housing areas
Encourage pay and use public conveniences through PPP arrangements.
MAJOR PROJECTS
Installation of 148 km of Sewerage Network Line (20 km Main line and 128 km
Secondary or collector line)
2 nos. of Treatment Plant of 80 MLD capacity
10 nos, of Community Toilet and 15nos.of Public Toilet.
E‐6.4 Drainage
EXISTING STATUS
Drainage network of the town is developed into two parts western and eastern zone.
Total of 60 kms of drainage network is present. Eastern zone drains disposed off into
Falgu River whereas western zone into open spaces viz. near Gandhi Maidan.
ISSUES AND FINDINGS
Inadequate coverage of drainage network.
Clogging of open drains due to collection of solid waste and encroachments;
Intermixing of wastewater and storm water creates pollution;
Water logging in ward no. 7, 8, 18, 19, 23, 24 and 36 due to inadequate drains;
Discharging of untreated waste into Falgu River and other open spaces causes
pollution.
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Executive Summary 8
STRATEGIES
To convert open and kutcha drains into covered and pucca drains
100% network coverage will be achieved with the adequate capacity
Installation of waste treatment plant at suitable locations to avoid emptying the
untreated waste water into river as a short term measure
Water logging especially in low lying areas will be taken area on priority.
MAJOR PROJECTS
Strengthening and construction of Drainage network system (Strengthening of
existing drain‐46 km., construction of Main Drain line‐30 Km., and Secondary /
Tertiary drain line‐220 Km.)
Installation of 3 nos. of Waste Water Treatment Plant 10 MLD capacity each
E‐6.5 Solid Waste Management
EXISTING STATUS
Out of the total waste generation of 275 MT/day, 90% of the waste is being collected
and rest is unattended. Door to door collections is practiced in 25% of the area, rest of
the collection is from public dustbins and street sweeping. Collected waste is
transported through open tractor, dumper, loader etc. and dumped into open areas.
ISSUES AND FINDINGS
Inadequate coverage of door to door collection;
Lack of waste management Infrastructure;
Absence of scientific disposal of waste
Dumping of waste on roads, drains and open Spaces;
STRATEGIES
Door to door collection and segregation at source should be practiced in town;
Minimising manual handling of waste and ensuing adequate safety measures;
Adequate infrastructure (including transport vehicles) to be made available;
Scientific Landfill Site shall be developed at identified locations;
NGOs, CBOs should be involved in IEC Campaigns to raise awareness of citizens.
MAJOR PROJECTS
Procurements of Vehicles and Equipments
Landfill site development (Nailli:23 Acre and Panchayati Akhada: 5 Acre)
E‐6.6 Roads and Transportation
EXISTING STATUS
Total length of roads in city is 127kms of which only 39% roads are surfaced. Road width
varies from 3.5‐12m. Cycle and walk are the major mode of intracity movement. Govt.
and private bus service is available in Gaya for intercity movement.
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Executive Summary 9
ISSUES AND FINDINGS
Passing of NH & SH from city puts high pressure on the city roads;
Inadequate road width (varies from 3.5 to 7m);
Only 39% of the roads are surfaced, poor maintenance of existing roads;
Lack of organised parking leads to on‐street parking causes congestion on roads;
Lack of traffic management in the city viz. traffic signalisation, markings etc.;
Unorgaised bus stand and absence of truck terminal facility, loading, unloading,
parking takes place on commercial roads leading to congestion.
STRATEGIES
Up gradation, strengthening of existing roads and development of new roads;
Intersection improvement inluding installation of traffic signals, signages etc.
Development of sidewalks/footpaths and foot over bridges shall be developed on
priority to improve the pedestrian safety and improve vehicular traffic movement;
Organised parking spaces near major activity centers will be developed;
Up gradation of bus terminal and development of truck terminal
Comprehensive Mobility Plan for the city
MAJOR PROJECTS
Construction of 10 kms outer ring road;
Redevelopment of existing & construction of new bus terminal (4 Nos.) & truck
terminal (1 Nos.)
Development of passenger sheds (10 Nos.) and parking lots (6 Nos.)
Construction of 2 Nos. of foot over bridge and 30kms of footpaths.
E‐6.7 Social Infrastructure
EXISTING STATUS
There are colleges for higher education and other technical qualifications. Adequate
health facilities except for specialised diseases are present. Other community facilities
such as 1 stadium, 4 auditorims, 2 public liberaries, 2 reading rooms, a fire station and a
head police station is present in Gaya.
ISSUES AND FINDINGS
Lack of professional & vocational training institutions
Lack of parks and playgrounds
Lack of recreational facilities such as indoor stadium and recreational centers
Lack of community/multipurpose halls for organizing socio‐cultural activities
Present fire fighting facilities are inadequate.
There is requirement of nightshelters
Cremation grounds are not well developed
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Executive Summary 10
STRATEGIES
Development of adequate recreational facilities and green spaces for improve the
quality of life in Gaya city;
Improvement of community facilities important from socio‐cultural reasons.
MAJOR PROJECTS
Development of 2 city level park and 15 neiboughhood parks
Development of 3 recreations centers like indoor stadium or sports complex
Construction fo 10 multipurpose halls and 4 nighshelters
Development of 3 sub firestations with adequate facilities
E‐6.8 Urban Slums & Poor
EXISTING STATUS
There are 41 slums (SPUR,2010) spread all over the town. Population in the slums is
26620 (as per SPUR). 17 slums are located on State Government land, 5 on Central
Govt., and the rest are private (or others) land. Basic infarstructure like water supply,
sanitation, roads, drainage is in poor condition.
ISSUES AND FINDINGS
Approx 7%‐ 10 % of population of Gaya resides in slums.
25 slums are located on Govt. land and 21 slums have secured tenure status.
Only 13 slums have access to individual toilets, rest are defecating in open;
Only 14 slums have access to municipal piped connection, rest are dependent on
public and private hand pumps and stand posts;
Inadequate road and drains coverage
Irregular collection of garbage and dumping of waste into open.
STRATEGIES Provision of affordable houses for poor
Since the slum pockets are spread all over the city, it is proposed that the basic
services for slums will be treated at par with rest of the town
Provision of community toilets and low cost individual toilets in slums
E‐6.9 Heritage & Tourism
EXISTING STATUS
Gaya is famous religious destination for Pind daan. Famous heritage sites in Gaya are
Vishnupad temple, Mangla Gauri temple, Pretshila hill, Ramshila hill and Brahmayoni
hill. Other than these, there are approx. 54 pindaan sites and 18 sarovars Brahma Kund,
Ram Kund, Uttarmanas, Brahm Sarovar, Rukmani Sarovar, Sarju Sarovar, Uttarmanas
Sarovar, Sita Kund, Suraj Kund, and Falgu River etc. Jama Masjid present in Gaya is
biggest mosque in Bihar state.
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Executive Summary 11
ISSUES AND FINDINGS
Built heritage structures are poorly maintained;
Lack of development of prigrimage/tourist sites;
Lack of tourist infrastructure viz. accommodation, public toilets & bath, eateries
surrounding of important tourist sites;
Enviornmental pollution in River and Sarovars.
STRATEGIES
Beautification and construction of Ghats and Sarovars, to restore their glory
Redevelopment and Restoration of Vishnupad, Brahmyoni, Ramshila, Pritshila,
Mangla Gauri, Sitakund temples (heritage sites) and its surroundings to attract more
tourists
Development and up‐gradation of pind daan sites
Development of tourist infrastructure such as residential accomodations,
Environmental Conservation of Falgu River and other religious sarovars is required
MAJOR PROJECTS
Rivers Front Development (Channelization work and Lake formation in river bed
including Steps or Check Dam, Landscaping)
Conservation & Development of Vishnupad , Brahmyoni, Ramshila, Pitamaheshwar,
Sitakund Temple and its surroundings
Redevelopment & Up gradation of pinddaan sites (religious sites) and Ghats &
Sarovars
E‐6.10 Urban Reforms & Municipal Finance
EXISTING STATUS
Presently 10 computers are available in GMC for computerised database creation
related to birth death certificate, BPL/APL Cards etc. No initiatives have been taken for
implementing IT applications (GIS & MIS). Trainings on “Double Entry System of
Accounting” are being initiated. User charges collection are mainly in form of water tax
and consolidated tax.
Revenue Income growth is 21.5% per year. The tax revenue has a growth rate of
20.22% per annum. The rise of non‐tax income is 20.33% per year. The growth of total
income including capital grants 36.75% per year. The average growth rate of ‘own
resources’ (tax and non‐tax together) of Gaya Municipal Corporation is 20.270%.
Expenditure growth is 6.6% per year. The wage and salaries increases per year at the
rate of rate of 6.88%. The rise of non‐development expenditure is nearly 8.0% per year
ISSUES AND FINDINGS
Lack of technical & skilled manpower in GMC, 40 technical posts are vacant
Lack of funds for data base creation & management of GIS
Poor O & M cost recovery;
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Executive Summary 12
Small size budget without any surplus for provision of basic services for poor
93.18% of expenditure as non‐development expenditure and only 6.82% as
development expenditure.
The average share of tax component is around 20%, the share of the non‐tax
component is less than 12% in total income;
Average surplus with GMC is 45.08% in last 3 decades;
The share of ‘own source’ in total income is around 20.27%;
Fiscal gap (difference between total expenditure and income from own
resources/revenues) is 30.94%
Property tax collection efficiency is only 12.17%
STRATEGIES
Filling all sanctioned posts, if need be increase number of some critical posts
Procurement of hardware and software and training personnel;
Image building efforts like development of ‘Complaint Redressal Centers’;
Renewed efforts shall be made on all aspects of reform including user charges and
cost recovery efforts.
Efforts shall be made for earmarking within local body, budgets for basic services to
the urban poor
MAJOR PROJECTS
Procurement of software and organizing training for double entry system of
accounting;
Procurement of computers, softwares for GIS & MIS and infrastructure and property
mapping into GIS and MIS data base creation in addition to training programs;
Development of 5 nos. of decetralised complaint redressal centers
E‐7 CITY INVESTMENT PLAN
City Investment Plan is a broad cost estimate which has been prepared to know the
investment required to implement the identified projects to achieve the vision of the
city. Overall investment for city and sector wise investment estimated is presented in
Table E‐3.
Table E‐3: City Investment Plan
Sectors
Investment Required (Rs. Crore)
Total (%)
Share Phase‐I Phase‐II Phase‐III
(2011‐2016) (2016‐21) (2021‐30)
Economic Development 49.00 34.00 ‐ 83.00 8.90
Water Supply 106.39 30.76 ‐ 137.15 14.70
Sewerage and Sanitation 98.35 41.50 ‐ 139.85 14.99
Drainage 48.30 8.50 ‐ 56.80 6.09
Solid Waste Management 49.76 12.67 6.33 68.76 7.37
Roads and Transportation 163.92 102.45 21.00 287.37 30.80
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Executive Summary 13
Sectors
Investment Required (Rs. Crore)
Total (%)
Share Phase‐I Phase‐II Phase‐III
(2011‐2016) (2016‐21) (2021‐30)
Street Lights and Power 9.61 ‐ 9.61 1.03
Social Infrastructure 17.85 12.20 5.75 35.80 3.84
Services to Urban Poor 15.00 17.37 15.00 47.37 5.08
Heritage and Tourism 41.00 22.00 ‐ 63.00 6.75
E‐governance and Municipal Reforms
4.32 ‐ ‐ 4.32 0.46
TOTAL 603.51 281.44 48.08 933.03 100.00
% Share 64.68 30.16 5.15 100.00
E‐8 FINANCIAL OPERATING PLAN
E‐8.1 FUNDING PATTERN
Financial Operating Plan highlights the probable source of funding for various projects
of each of the sectors. Funding pattern has been developed keeping in view
government policy and programmes. Funding pattern has been divided into three
phases based on investment requirement in each of the phases which is being detailed
in Table E‐4, E‐5 & E‐6.
Table E‐4: Funding Pattern for Phase I
Sector Amount (Rs Crore)
Funding Pattern ( Cost In Rs. Crore)
GoI GoB ULB PPP
Economic Development 49.0 15.0 7.5 24.0 2.5
Water Supply 106.4 85.1 10.6 10.6 0.0
Sewerage & Sanitation 98.4 78.3 9.8 9.8 0.5
Drainage 48.3 38.6 4.8 4.8 0.0
SWM 49.8 33.5 4.2 4.2 7.9
Roads & Transportation 163.9 15.8 51.7 7.5 89.0
Social Infrastructure 17.9 0.0 13.8 1.5 2.5
Urban Poor & Slums 15.0 12.0 1.5 1.5 0.0
Urban Reform 4.3 0.0 3.9 0.4 0.0
Street Light 9.6 0.0 8.6 1.0 0.0
Heritage & Tourism 41.0 32.8 4.1 4.1 0.0
Total 603.5 311.1 120.5 69.5 102.4
51.5% 20.0% 11.5% 17.0%
Table E‐5: Funding Pattern for Phase II
Sector Amount (Rs Crore)
Funding Pattern (Cost In Rs. Crore)
GoI GoB ULB PPP
Water Supply 30.76 24.605 3.0756 3.0756 0
Sewerage &Sanitation 41.5 33 4.125 4.125 0.25
Drainage 8.5 6.8 0.85 0.85 0
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Executive Summary 14
SWM 12.67 3.7992 0.4749 0.4749 7.916
Roads &Transport 102.5 25.28 26.425 5.745 45
Social Infrastructure 12.2 0 8.73 0.97 2.5
Urban Poor 17.37 13.896 1.737 1.737 0
Economic Develop 34 0 0 34 0
Heritage & Tourism 22 17.6 2.2 2.2 0
Total 281.4 125.0 47.6 53.2 55.7
44.4% 16.9% 18.9% 19.8%
Table E‐6: Funding Pattern for Phase III
Sector Amount (Rs Crore)
Funding Pattern (Rs. Crore)
GoI GoB ULB PPP
SWM 6.3 1.9 0.2 0.2 4.0 Roads & Transport 21.0 4.8 0.6 0.6 15.0 Social Infrastructure 5.8 2.0 3.2 0.6 0.0 Urban Poor & Slums 15.0 9.0 4.5 0.0 1.5 Total 48.1 17.7 8.5 1.4 20.5
36.8% 17.7% 2.9% 42.5%
Table E‐7: Overall Funding Pattern
Phase Period Total Invt. (Rs Crore)
Funding Pattern (Rs. Crore)
GoI GoB ULB PPP
I (2011‐16) 603.5 311.1 (51.5%) 120.5 (20.0%) 69.5 (11.5%) 102.4 (17.0%)
II (2016‐21) 281.4 125.0 (44.4%) 47.6 (16.9%) 53.2 (18.9%) 55.7 (19.8%)
III (2021‐30) 48.1 17.7 (36.8%) 8.5 (17.7%) 1.4 (2.9%) 20.5 (42.5%)
Total 933.0 453.8 (44.3%) 176.7 (18.2%) 124.0 (11.1%) 178.5 (26.4%)
E‐8.2 FUTURE POTENTIAL OF GMC CONSIDERING PAST TRENDS (ALTERNATE‐I)
The income and expenditure projections based on the data of past three years. This
may also be mentioned that actual data of income and expenditure are only for the
years 2008‐09 and 2009‐10. The data for 2010‐2011 is also an estimated one, vide SPUR
data sheet. Consequently, the projections of income and expenditure based on past
three years have limitation and a projection for 20 years based on three years base data
lacks consistency. However, Table E‐8 gives the trend‐based projections of income and
expenditure of Gaya Municipal Corporation.
Table E‐8: Trend‐based Projection of Revenue and Expenditure
Rs in Lakh
Year Income Expenditure Surplus
2011‐12 2279 980 1300
2012‐13 2612 1036 1576
2013‐14 2944 1092 1853
2014‐15 3277 1147 2129
2015‐16 3609 1203 2406
2016‐17 3942 1259 2683
2017‐18 4275 1315 2959
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Executive Summary 15
Rs in Lakh
Year Income Expenditure Surplus
2018‐19 4607 1371 3236
2019‐20 4940 1427 3513
2020‐21 5272 1483 3789
2021‐22 5605 1539 4066
2022‐23 5937 1595 4343
2023‐24 6270 1650 4619
2024‐25 6602 1706 4896
2025‐26 6935 1762 5173
2026‐27 7267 1818 5449
2027‐28 7600 1874 5726
2028‐29 7933 1930 6003
2029‐30 8265 1986 6279
E‐8.3 FUTURE POTENTIAL OF GMC BASED ON SPURs ASSUMPTION (ALTERNATE‐II)
Assumptions for Estimating GMC’s Financials
SPUR has considered certain assumptions for different sources of income and
expenditure to estimate the income and expenditure in next five years (2011‐2016) of
GMC which are presented in Table E‐9.
Table E‐9: Assumptions by SPUR for future projection of financials of GMC
SN Particulars Remarks
Total Receipts
1 Total Tax Revenues
double in 2011‐12,triple in 2013‐14,quartiplate in 2015‐16
2 Total Non‐Tax Revenues
double in 2011‐12,triple in 2013‐14,quartiplate in 2015‐16
3 Total Own Income / Internal Revenues / Self‐Generated Income (1+2)
4 Assigned Revenues Assuming 5% growth
5 Revenue Grants (Include. Salary and Matching grants)
Assuming 4% growth form FY 2011‐12(Matching grant 3 to 7%)
6 Other Income Assuming 5% growth
7 Total Capital Grants Assuming 5% growth
Total Expenditure
1 Establishment Expenditure Assuming 5% growth except in 2011‐12 is 10%due to restructuring
2 O & M Expenditure Assuming 5% growth
3 Programme Expenditure Assuming 5% growth
4 Administration Expenditure Assuming 5% growth
5 Finance & Interest Expenditure Assuming 5% growth
6 Misc Expenditure Assuming 5% growth Source: SPUR
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Executive Summary 16
Financial Projections
The position of Corporation in revenue generation and revenue expenditure for the
period 2011‐2030 is given below Table E‐10. The expected income and expenditure
projection estimation is based on the projected figures for 2011‐12 to 2015‐16 obtained
from SPUR. Based on data from 2011‐12 to 2015‐16 given by SPUR the expected income
and expenditure estimations of GMC for the rest of the period (from 2016‐17 to 2029‐
30) has been calculated.
Table E‐10: Expected Income and Expenditure Based on SPUR Projection (Rs Lakh)
Year Expected Income based
on Trend Expected Expenditure
based on Trend Surplus
2011‐12 2197 979 1218
2012‐13 2496 1028 1468
2013‐14 2798 1079 1719
2014‐15 3101 1132 1969
2015‐16 3408 1188 2220
2016‐17 3708 1238 2470
2017‐18 4011 1290 2721
2018‐19 4314 1342 2971
2019‐20 4616 1394 3222
2020‐21 4919 1447 3472
2021‐22 5222 1499 3723
2022‐23 5524 1551 3973
2023‐24 5827 1603 4224
2024‐25 6130 1655 4474
2025‐26 6432 1708 4725
2026‐27 6735 1760 4975
2027‐28 7038 1812 5226
2028‐29 7341 1864 5476
2029‐30 7643 1916 5727
During all the years of investments of Corporation under its usual course of operations
and those under JNNURM put together are expected to get covered by the surplus of
revenue incomes over revenue expenses sufficiently. The existing financial obligations
in the form of capital incomes and expenditures have been adequately covered. Growth
rates of revenue income and revenue expenses are estimated very conservatively.
Table E‐11 shows that under expected income and expenditure pattern the Corporation
will be in position to contribute its share in funding investment. The projected pattern of
income‐expenditure is expected to generate sufficient surplus to cover its share of
investment.
The requirement of Rs 6950 lakh in phase ‐ I as its share in investment is found to be
available from its generation of surplus in year 2015‐16. The additional requirement of
funds Rs. 5320 lakh in phase ‐II and Rs 140 lakh in phase‐ III will also be covered by
surplus generated in 2021‐22 and 2029‐30 respectively. The requirement of total
investment amount Rs 12410 lakh by Gaya Municipal Corporation is actually generated
within the period 2011‐12 to 2029‐30.
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Executive Summary 17
Table E‐11: Funding of Nigam of its Share of Investment (Rs Lakh)
YEAR SURPLUS CUMULATIVE SURPLUS
REQUIREMENT OF FUND BY NIGAM FOR INVESTMENT
BALANCE AFTER INVESTMENT
2011‐12 1218 1218
6950
2012‐13 1468 2686
2013‐14 1719 4405
2014‐15 1969 6374
2015‐16 2220 8594 1644
2016‐17 2470 4114
5320
4114
2017‐18 2721 6835 6835
2018‐19 2971 9806 9806
2019‐20 3222 13028 13028
2020‐21 3472 16501 16501
2021‐22 3723 20223 14903
2022‐23 3973 18877
140
18877
2023‐24 4224 23100 23100
2024‐25 4474 27575 27575
2025‐26 4725 32300 32300
2026‐27 4975 37275 37275
2027‐28 5226 42501 42501
2028‐29 5476 47977 47977
2029‐30 5727 53704 53564
E‐8.4 COMPARISION OF ALTERNATE‐I and ALTERNATE‐II
The following Table E‐12 shows that in an average past three years trend‐based surplus
estimation by Alternate‐I is nearly 9% higher than surplus estimated based on SPUR’s
assumption and projection of income during 2011‐2015 in Alternate‐II. Hence, the
funding of future projects and expected income and expenditure pattern of GMC has
been considered based Alternate‐II.
Table E-12: Comparision of Financials of GMC by Two Alternatives
Rs in Lakh
Year Surplus Income of GMC based on Alternate‐I
Surplus Income of GMC Based on Alternate‐II
Alternate‐I Surplus % higher than Alternate‐II
Surplus
2011‐12 1300 1218 6.69
2012‐13 1576 1468 7.37
2013‐14 1853 1719 7.78
2014‐15 2129 1969 8.15
2015‐16 2406 2220 8.38
2016‐17 2683 2470 8.62
2017‐18 2959 2721 8.76
2018‐19 3236 2971 8.92
2019‐20 3513 3222 9.02
2020‐21 3789 3472 9.14
2021‐22 4066 3723 9.22
2022‐23 4343 3973 9.31
2023‐24 4619 4224 9.36
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Executive Summary 18
Rs in Lakh
Year Surplus Income of GMC based on Alternate‐I
Surplus Income of GMC Based on Alternate‐II
Alternate‐I Surplus % higher than Alternate‐II
Surplus
2024‐25 4896 4474 9.43
2025‐26 5173 4725 9.48
2026‐27 5449 4975 9.54
2027‐28 5726 5226 9.57
2028‐29 6003 5476 9.62
2029‐30 6279 5727 9.65
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Introduction i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 1‐1 1.1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 1‐1 1.2 BACKGROUND ....................................................................................................... 1‐1 1.3 ABOUT ‘SPUR’ ........................................................................................................ 1‐2 1.4 CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN (CDP) .......................................................................... 1‐3 1.5 OBJECTIVES OF THE ASSIGNMENT ........................................................................ 1‐3 1.6 SCOPE OF THE WORK ............................................................................................ 1‐4 1.7 METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................... 1‐4 1.8 FRAMEWORK OF URBAN GOVERNANCE ............................................................... 1‐6
List of Figures
Figure 1.1: Methodology .................................................................................................. 1‐5
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Introduction 1‐1
1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 INTRODUCTION
This assignment seeks to provide support to various urban local bodies (ULBs) of Bihar
in preparing City Development Plan (CDP). This report will provide a comprehensive
long term strategy (Vision‐2030) further divided as immediate term (5 years), short
term (10 years), and long term (20 years) as well as City Investment Plan (CIP). Based on
these plans, the concerned ULBs will access funds under GoI/GoB schemes, from SPUR
supported by DFID as well as from their own and other sources based on priority
actions and projects identified in the CDP. The CDP will also provide operational
strategies for various sectors and present implementable action plans for each viable
sector. It will also provide a Financial Operating Plan (FOP) to direct the ULBs for
mobilizing various financial resources to implement the identified projects. The CDP
preparation is done through consultative process as defined in the JNNURM’s CDP
preparation revised toolkit.
1.2 BACKGROUND
In the last few years, the policy environment in Bihar has gone under significant change
with the formulation of several ‘reform oriented’ policies conducive to long term
development. The impact of these policies has not been as desired, largely on account
of limitations in implementing abilities. As a result, Bihar has continued to lag behind
other states. The urban sector in Bihar is small, with only 10 percent of the state’s
population classified as urban, but surprisingly, the state has as many as 138 urban local
bodies. The characteristics of majority of these bodies are mentioned below:
Deficiencies in the availability and accessibility of infrastructure and service
provisions;
Severely cash starved and highly dependent on grants, even for the payment of
staff salaries;
Coping with poverty pockets that are excluded from service networks and
Severely restricted in technical capabilities to utilize available funds for
infrastructure creation. The priorities for infrastructure creation are many and
require prioritization. It is the absence of a holistic approach that is severely
constraining the sustainability of interventions.
The overall scope of this assignment is the preparation of City Development Plans and
City Investment Plans for three urban local bodies, namely, Gaya Municipal
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Introduction 1‐2
Corporation, Aurangabad Nagar Parishad and Sasaram Nagar Parishad. These three
towns have been identified for technical and investment support under the ongoing
Department for International Development (DFID, Government of United Kingdom) for
SPUR‐Support Programme for Urban Reforms in Bihar. Hence, Egis India Consulting
Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Faridabad has been appointed to prepare CDP and CIP for above
mentioned ULBs.
1.3 ABOUT ‘SPUR’
The SPUR is based on the premise that effective urban centres play a significant role in
economic growth and poverty reduction by providing the nuclei for greater economic
activity and services that can contribute to pro‐poor development. Over 60 percent of
India’s economic growth and 90 percent of government revenues in recent decades are
attributed to urban areas.
SPUR’s goal is “significantly accelerated economic growth and poverty reduction in
Bihar by 2014”. Its purpose is to “significantly enhance the ability of identified ULBs’ to
provide urban services and to attract private investments.”
The project will cover 28 urban centres, expected to become hubs for economic
activities, benefitting the wider state. It will directly improve the quality of services
received by 6.36 million urban citizens, of who 2.83 million are poor. It is also expected
that the programme will benefit large number of people from nearby rural areas who
depend on these urban centres. The project will promote state level institutions and
improve financial and managerial capacities, as well as accountability, of Urban Local
Bodies (ULBs). SPUR will achieve its purpose by delivering five mutually reinforcing
outputs:
effective policies and stronger institutions to promote and manage urban
development in place;
state and ULBs mobilize significantly increased resources for urban development
and manage them more effectively;
identified ULBs plan, implement and manage urban infrastructure and services
more effectively;
increased municipal capacity to attract private investment in urban areas;
empowered poor communities and socially excluded groups, increased access to
urban resources and livelihood opportunities
The above mentioned five outputs will strengthen key components (state level
institutions and their links with the centre; links between the state level institutions and
the ULBs; and links between the ULB governance structures, executive and the citizens’
groups including private sector entities and citizens’ organizations) and functional areas
(policy making; planning; implementation; monitoring and evaluation; communication
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Introduction 1‐3
and feedback mechanisms) that constitute the broad delivery chain leading to impacts
on the poor urban citizens.
Therefore, the CDP will draw strategic links with the ongoing SPUR programme, of
which supports following five thematic areas:
urban governance and planning;
municipal finance and accounting;
municipal infrastructure;
local economic development;
social development, poverty alleviation and livelihoods
1.4 CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN (CDP)
The City Development Plan prepared is both a perspective and a vision for the future
development of a city. It presents the current stage of the town’s development, sets out
the directions of growth and the thrust areas, and suggests alternative routes,
strategies, and interventions for bringing about the change. It provides a framework
and vision within which projects need to be identified and implemented. It establishes a
logical and consistent framework for the evaluation of investment decisions.
The City Development Plan emphasizes on issues of priority of local concerns for urban
renewal and infrastructure like water supply; sewerage and solid waste management;
construction and improvement of drains/storm water drains, electricity,
construction/up gradation of roads, highways/expressways; parking lots/spaces;
sanitation, sports and cultural sites, capacity building of local bodies; disaster
management; development of heritage sites, preservation of water bodies, education,
health and other social infrastructure.
Cities with rapid growth in population are putting heavy pressure on services and the
urban local bodies are not been able to meet the demands and expectations. To
address the present and emerging infrastructure needs and services delivery gaps in
Gaya city area the city development plan needs to be prepared. The key objective of the
plan is to formulate a development strategy for meeting the emerging challenges of
infrastructure, address the problems of urban mobility and create enabling
environment for the growth of economy.
1.5 OBJECTIVES OF THE ASSIGNMENT
The broad objective of this assignment is to visualize the town in the next 20 years.
Specific objectives of preparation of CDP include:
Define the growth directions and service up‐gradations in relation to the activity
mix/ growth;
Assess the demand‐supply gap in services to estimate and prioritize project
requirements;
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Introduction 1‐4
Define specific rehabilitation and capital improvement needs with regards to
priority city infrastructure in both slums and other areas;
Define revenue enhancement and revenue management improvements required
to sustain the investment proposed;
Reforms required in local administration and service delivery to ensure financial
sustainability and improvements in service levels;
Suggest changes required at the local level to improve O & M of assets including
use of different institutional and PPP models and address common growth and
infrastructure issues
1.6 SCOPE OF THE WORK
The scope of the study and the activities to be carried out shall be as indicated in the
Terms of Reference. However, the scope of work defined in the TOR shall not be a
limiting factor for the CDP preparation. The CDP to be a meaningful document which
can be translated on the ground and help achieve development goals effectively, it has
to be contextual and close to the ground realities and priorities.
The City Development Plan is a multi stage exercise to be carried out in close
collaboration with the ULBs. Following are the various stages in the preparation of City
Development Plan for Gaya City:
a) Inception Report
b) Interim Report
c) Draft CDP
d) Final CDP
1.7 METHODOLOGY
The City Development Plan (CDP) preparation is mostly based on the secondary data
collected from concerned departments and public reports. Some conclusions are also
based on site inspection and discussions with officials of concerned departments
engaged in providing and maintaining various infrastructure facilities and residents of
city area.
The City Development Plan presents the urban development issues, deficiency analysis
and a management framework outlining strategies and guidelines for future growth.
The CDP ‐ considered as an multi‐stage exercise ‐ takes into account the existing
situation including assessing the status of municipal services, its fiscal status,
operational and management procedures.
The CDP also takes into consideration the works and plans of government and quasi‐
government agencies contributing towards the growth and development of the town.
The whole methodology is furthur shown in Figure 1.1.
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Introduction 1‐5
Figure 1.1: Methodology
Directions of
change &
expectations
Options and
Strategies
Link with Reform
Agenda
Criteria for
Prioritisation
SWOT Analysis
Demand Supply
Gap
Strategies for Development
City Assessment
Future Perspective & Vision
Parameters Demography
Economic Base
Financial assessment of ULBs
Physical and Environment features
Infrastructure
Institutions
Provision of Basic Services especially to the urban poor
Multi Stakeholder
Consultations
City Investment Plan & Financial Alternatives
Prioritisation & Phasing of Projects/Investments
Funding options Financial Operation Plan
Sectors and Components
Demography
Economy
Physical Infrastructure
Social Infrastructure
Enviornment
Housing and urban basic services for poor
Urban Governance and reforms
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Introduction 1‐6
1.8 FRAMEWORK OF URBAN GOVERNANCE
Land, housing, urban development and provision of civic infrastructure are State subject
and under the purview of the State Government, under the constitution of India. The
State Government is empowered to enforce and enact necessary laws and frame
policies that support its governing function. However, Central Government plays a
significant role through allocation of funds and devolution of resources within the
national five‐year plans for development. The government of India introduced the
Constitution Amendment Act (74th) in 1991. The constitution (74th Amendment Act),
1992 (CAA 74) refurbished the whole system of urban‐local self‐governance by
implanting a new structure of economy, municipal authorities with additional
devolution of functions, planning responsibilities and new system of fiscal transfers. It
accorded constitutional status to urban local bodies (ULBs) and prescribed a near
uniform local government structure valid across the country. The twelfth schedule of
the CAA74 has listed 18 function and responsibilities to Local Bodies listed as below:
1 Urban Planning including town planning
2 Regulation of land‐use and construction of buildings.
3 Planning for economic and social developments
4 Roads and bridges.
5 Water supply for domestic, industrial and commercial purposes.
6 Public health, sanitation conservancy and solid waste management.
7 Fire services.
8 Urban forestry, protection of the environment and promotion of ecological
aspects.
9 Safeguarding the interests of weaker sections of society, including the
handicapped and mentally retarded.
10 Slum improvement and up‐gradation.
11 Urban poverty alleviation.
12 Provision of urban amenities and facilities such as parks, gardens, playgrounds.
13 Promotion of cultural, educational and aesthetic aspects.
14 Burials and burial grounds; cremations, cremation grounds and electric
crematoriums.
15 Cattle ponds; prevention of cruelty to animals.
16 Vital statistics including registration of births and deaths.
17 Public amenities including street lighting, parking lots, bus stops and public
conveniences.
18 Regulation of slaughter houses and tanneries”.
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Physical Features of Town i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
2 PHYSICAL FEATURES OF TOWN .................................................................. 2‐1 2.1 STATE BIHAR: AT A GLANCE ............................................................................. 2‐1 2.1.1 Introduction .................................................................................................... 2‐1 2.1.2 Physical Features ............................................................................................. 2‐1 2.1.3 Demographic Features .................................................................................... 2‐2 2.1.4 Work Participation .......................................................................................... 2‐2 2.2 DISTRICT GAYA: AN OVERVIEW ....................................................................... 2‐3 2.2.1 Demographic Features .................................................................................... 2‐3 2.2.2 Administrative Setup of the District ................................................................ 2‐4 2.2.3 Work Participation .......................................................................................... 2‐4 2.3 GAYA CITY: PROFILE ......................................................................................... 2‐4 2.3.1 Historical Importance ...................................................................................... 2‐4 2.3.2 Location and Regional Linkages ...................................................................... 2‐5 2.3.3 Physiography ................................................................................................... 2‐5 2.3.4 Topography and Natural Slope ....................................................................... 2‐5 2.3.5 Climate ............................................................................................................ 2‐6 2.3.6 Existing Spatial Growth ................................................................................... 2‐6
List of Maps
Map 2.1: District Map of Bihar Map 2.2 : Location of Gaya Map 2.3: Regional Map Map 2.4: Gaya City Map
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Physical Features of Town 2‐1
Map 2.1: District Map of Bihar
2 PHYSICAL FEATURES OF TOWN
2.1 STATE BIHAR: AT A GLANCE
2.1.1 Introduction
Bihar is located in the eastern part of the country. It is an entirely land‐locked state,
although the outlet to the sea through the port of Kolkata is not far away. Bihar lies
mid‐way between the humid West Bengal
in the East and the sub humid Uttar
Pradesh in the West which provides it with
a transitional position in respect of climate,
economy and culture. It is bounded by
Nepal in the north and by Jharkhand in the
South.
The Bihar plain is divided into two equal
halves by the river Ganga which flows
through the middle from west to east.
Location of Bihar is Latitude (24°‐
20'‐10" ~ 27°‐31'‐15" N) and Longitude
(82°‐19'‐50" ~ 88°‐17'‐40" E).
During most of British India, Bihar was a part of the Presidency of Bengal and was
governed from Calcutta. As such, this was a territory very much dominated by the
people of Bengal. All leading educational and medical centers were in Bengal. When
separated from the Bengal Presidency in 1912, Bihar and Orissa comprised a single
province. Later, under the Government of India Act of 1935, the Division of Orissa
became a separate province and the Province of Bihar came into being as an
administrative unit of British India. At Independence in 1947, the State of Bihar with the
same geographic boundary formed a part of the Republic of India until 1956. At that
time, an area in the south‐east, predominantly the district of Purulia, was separated
and incorporated into West Bengal as part of the Linguistic Reorganization of Indian
States. Patna is currently the capital of Bihar.
2.1.2 Physical Features
Bihar lies in the tropical to sub tropical region. Rainfall here is the most significant factor
in determining the nature of vegetation. Bihar has a monsoon climate with an average
annual rainfall of 1205mm.
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Physical Features of Town 2‐2
The topography of Bihar can be easily described as a fertile alluvial plain occupying the
Gangetic Valley. The plain extends from the foothills of the Himalayas in the north to a
few miles south of the river Ganges as it flows through the State from the west to the
east. Rich farmland and lush orchards extend throughout the State. The major crops of
the State are paddy, wheat, lentils, sugarcane, jute, etc. Sugar cane is also grown in the
West Champaran. The principal fruits are mangoes, banana, jack fruit and litchis. This is
one of the very few areas outside China which produces litchis.
Bihar is richly endowed with water resources, both the ground water resource and
surface water resource. Not only does Bihar get good rainfall but it has considerable
water supply from the rivers which flow within the territory of the State. Ganga is the
main river which is joined by tributaries with their sources in the Himalayas. Some of
them are Saryu (Ghagra), Gandak, Budhi Gandak, Bagmati, Kamla‐Balan and
Mahananda. Among the wildlife, prominent are deer, bears, numerous species of birds,
wild owl and last but not the least, tiger. The forest around Valmiki Nagar, West
Champaran is one of the last remaining refuges of this highly endangered species.
Bihar is truly a splendid home for wildlife. There are a total of 21 wildlife sanctuaries
and 2 national parks in Bihar that makes it the best in the country for witnessing the
wonders of the nature. The area covered by each of them is quite huge which gives
ample space for the creatures to thrive in natural habitats. The state has taken special
initiatives to take care of the animals and maintain the fragile ecosystem. The wildlife
sanctuaries here are also renowned because they are home to some endangered
species whose number has increased over the last few years. Rajgir Wildlife Sanctuary
and Valmiki Wildlife Sanctuary are the most famous of all the sanctuaries in Bihar.
2.1.3 Demographic Features
The state has a total geographical area of 94163 sq. km. and a population size of
39754714 (2001 Census) giving a density of 422 persons per sq. km.
In the State of Bihar 52 percent of total population is male and the rest (48 percent) is
female. It is also clear from the above table that 90 percent of the population of the
State resides in rural areas and the rest (10 percent) resides in urban areas.
As per Census 2001, the figures for sex‐ratio, population density per sq km and
percentage decadal growth rate are 921, 880 and 28.43, respectively, for the State of
Bihar.
2.1.4 Work Participation
The work participation in the State is 33.7 percent and non workers are 66.3 percent.
The work participation rate amongst males and females is 47.4 percent and 18.8
percent, respectively. Importantly, the work participation rate amongst the women is
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Physical Features of Town 2‐3
GayaAurangaba
Rohtas
also high that is 18.8 percent. It is interesting to note that the women of the State
participate in economic activities.
2.2 DISTRICT GAYA: AN OVERVIEW
Gaya was earlier a part of the Magadh region. Gaya city is the headquarters of Gaya
district. Gaya city is 100 kilometers from Patna and is situated on the banks of Falgu
River. It is a place sanctified by both the Hindus and the Buddhist religions. The district
is surrounded by Jehanabad district in the north, Chatra district of Jharkhand in the
south, Nawada district in the East and Aurangabad district in the West.
Gaya is home to a number of sacred shrines, out of which the Vishnupad Temple is the
notable. To the south of the city is Bodh Gaya, the site where Lord Buddha attained
enlightenment. Thousands of pilgrims from all over the world visit the sacred shrines in
and around Gaya.
2.2.1 Demographic Features
The population of the district as per Census 2001 is 3,473,428. Gaya district covers an
area of 4,976 sq. km. and has a total population of 3,473,428 giving a density of 698
persons per sq. km. which is much higher than the corresponding figure of the state 422
persons per sq. km.
Map 2.2 : Location of Gaya
The district has 3473428 persons, out of which 1792163 (52 percent) are males and
1681265 (48 percent) are females. It is also worth mentioning here that 86 percent of
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Physical Features of Town 2‐4
the total population of the district resides in rural areas and the rest (14 percent) in the
urban areas.
2.2.2 Administrative Setup of the District
Gaya city is the administrative head quarters of the district. The district is divided into
four Sub‐Divisions, nine Tehsils, twenty four CD Blocks, three hundred and thirty two
Panchayats and two thousand eight hundred and sixty Villages. The district has one
municipal corporation, three Nagar panchayats and one zila parishad. It has one
parliamentary constituency and ten assembly constituency.
2.2.3 Work Participation
Work participation rate is 36.8 percent and non workers are 63.2 percent. The work
participation rate amongst males and females is 47.4 percent and 25.5 percent,
respectively. It is interesting to note that substantial number of women in the district
participate in economic activities.
2.3 GAYA CITY: PROFILE
2.3.1 Historical Importance
Gaya opened up with the Sisunaga dynasty founded by Sisunaga, who exercised power
over Patna and Gaya around 600 BC. Bimbisara, fifth in line, who lived and ruled around
519 BC, had projected Gaya to the outer world. Having attained an important place in
the history of civilisation, the area experienced the bliss of Gautam Buddha and
Bhagwan Mahavir during the reign of Bimbisara. After a short spell of Nanda dynasty,
Gaya and the entire Magadh region came under the Mayuryan rule with Ashoka (272 BC
– 232 BC) embracing Buddhism. He visited Gaya and built the first temple at Bodh Gaya
to commemorate Prince Gautama's attainment of supreme enlightenment.
The period of Hindu revivalism commenced with the coming of the Guptas during the
4th and 5th century A.D. Samudragupta of Magadh helped to bring Gaya into limelight.
It was headquarter of Behar district during Gupta Empire. Gaya then passed on to the
Pala dynasty with Gopala as the ruler. It is believed that the present temple of Bodh
Gaya was built during the reign of Dharmapala, son of Gopala. Gaya came under the
reign of Muhamaddan rulers in the 12th century with Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khilji
invading the region. For a short period thereafter, the Pathan Chief Sher Shah ruled
over the place at the end of 16th century. The place finally passed on to the Britishers
after the battle of Buxar in 1764. Gaya, along with other parts of the country, won
freedom in 1947.
Gaya finds mention in the great epics, Ramayana and Mahabharata. Rama along with
Sita and Lakshmana visited Gaya for offering PINDAN to their father Dasharath. In
Mahabharat, the place has been identified as Gayapuri.
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Physical Features of Town 2‐5
2.3.1 Location
Gaya is geographically located at latitude (24.81 degrees) 24° 48' 35" North of the
Equator and longitude (85 degrees) 85° 0' 0" East of the Prime Meridian on the Map of
the world. It has an average elevation of 111 meters (364 ft).It is situated in the state of
Bihar and is surrounded by Jehanabad district on the north, Chatra district of Jharkhand
on the south, Nawada district on the east and Aurangabad district on the west. The
district is divided into two parts by Falgu River. Gaya city is the headquarters of Gaya
district and is 100 kilometers from Patna, situated on the banks of Falgu River.
2.3.2 Location and Regional Linkages
Gaya is located in the central part of the state of Bihar, in the north‐eastern part of
India. It is a part of the great Gangetic plains. It is located to the west of the Falgu River,
which is a tributary of river Ganga. It is 13 km north of Bodhgaya and 100 km south of
Patna city.it is a place sanctified by both the Hindu and the Buddhist religions. It is
surrounded by small rocky hills on three sides and the river Falgu flowing on the fourth
(eastern) side. The city is a mix of natural surroundings, age old buildings and narrow
lanes. Gaya is the second most important station in Bihar after Patna. It is an important
junction and is connected to three major metropolises in the country, namely, New
Delhi, Kolkata and Mumbai through broad gauge routes. The city is also well connected
with rest of the country by road and airways. The Grand Trunk Road (NH‐2) is about
30 km from Gaya. Thus, Gaya is well connected to Patna, Ranchi, Jamshedpur, Bokaro,
Rourkela, Hazaribag, Kolkata, Varanasi, Allahabad, Kanpur, Delhi, Amritsar, and to the
Pakistani cities of Lahore and Peshawar.Gaya has an international airport. It is a small
international airport connected to Colombo and Bangkok. Regional Connectivity has
been represented in Map 2.3.
2.3.3 Physiography
Gaya stands in the transit‐region where the uplands of the Chotanagarpur plateau
merge in the south Bihar alluvial Gangetic plains. It is doted by small rocky hills
(Mangala‐Gauri, Shringa‐Sthan, Ram‐Shila and Brahmayoni) on three sides and the river
flowing on the fourth (eastern) side.
2.3.4 Topography and Natural Slope
The topography of the west‐bank town, viz. Gaya proper, is influenced by the
Brahmayanoni hill and the smaller elevation along the river in Andar Gaya; the hills of
Murli and Ramsila to the north; the Katari hill and plateau to the west, and the Pretsila
hill, further beyond to the north‐west. The situation of these outcrops gives the
encompassed urban area the shape of an irregular broken saucer. The north and the
north‐eastern slope is obstructed to some degree by the Ramsila, not only makes the
Bairagi Mohulla and its environs the lowest part of Gaya proper but also causes vicious
problems of water logging to arise within it.
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Physical Features of Town 2‐6
A further important gradient exists in the north‐west direction almost parallel to the
Gaya‐Tekari road due to the depression formed between the plateau of the Katari and
the Pretshila hills. The lowest level, in the proximity of the west bank town, exists near
the junction of this depression with the Jamunia stream.
A small area of Gaya proper, lying south of the Vishnupada and the Brahma‐yoni hill,
has a natural fall in that direction. Beyond it stretch extensive low lands, drained by a
small channel into the falgu.
The east‐bank town, Manpur has an overall northward fall of land and the two hills of
Manpur and Salempur (or Ram Gaya) within it stand too far apart to introduce any but
minor local variations. The latter hill, standing opposite the Vishnupada rocks, creates,
however, afflux conditions upstream and deflects the falgu towards the other bank.
2.3.5 Climate
The town lies in the hot and humid tropical zone and with wide sandy expanse of the
Falgu, has become one of the hottest and humid places in the country with absolute
maximum temperatures reaching as high as 45 degree C and 90% humidity. The climate
of Gaya is thus hot in summers and cold in winters, so also, the variation in day and
night temperature is high. The prevailing wind direction, except during monsoon when
easterlies and south‐easterlies predominate, is from the west. The average annual
rainfall here is 1096 mm per annum. The context of temperature obviously indicates
that micro‐climatology has an important role to play at Gaya.
2.3.6 Existing Spatial Growth
Gaya is surrounded by a ring of hills around it, the Ramshila hill on the north, Katari hill
on the west, and Brahmyoni on the south and the south‐west of the city, is the rugged
ravines and rocks. River Falgu flows on the eastern side of the city. After Independence
the town experienced a faster growth. New colonies such as police lines and railway
quarters were developed in a planned manner. The south‐west part of the city has
largely developed as institutional/residential low density area. Major portion of the city
is on the western side of Falgu River and a smaller portion of the city has been grown
along eastern bank of Falgu River. Because Gaya is a district head quarter and its
strategic location has tendency of growing as commercial centre, it has resulted in
increased pressure of commercial activities in the old city. Thus town had started
spreading along all major spines of the town. The town has spread almost in all
directions especially along Jahanabad‐Patna road, Sherghati road, Nawada Road and
Gaya‐Dobi road. National Highways and State Highways like NH‐82, NH‐83, SH‐4, SH‐7
and SH‐70 passes through the city. Gaya city map is represented in Map 2.4.
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Demography i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
3 DEMOGRAPHY ........................................................................................... 3‐1 3.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 3‐1 3.2 GAYA MUNICIPAL AREA AND POPULATION .................................................... 3‐1 3.3 GROWTH TREND .............................................................................................. 3‐1 3.4 POPULATION DISTRIBUTION ............................................................................ 3‐2 3.5 POPULATION DENSITY ..................................................................................... 3‐3 3.6 HOUSEHOLD SIZE ............................................................................................. 3‐3 3.7 SEX RATIO ........................................................................................................ 3‐4 3.8 LITERACY .......................................................................................................... 3‐4 3.9 SOCIAL COMPOSITION ..................................................................................... 3‐5 3.10 POPULATION PROJECTION .............................................................................. 3‐5 3.11 ISSUES AND FINDINGS ..................................................................................... 3‐6
List of Tables Table 3.1: Population Growth Trends ............................................................................... 3‐1 Table 3.2: Population Size Distribution ............................................................................ 3‐3 Table 3.3: Population Density ........................................................................................... 3‐3 Table 3.4: Residential and Non‐ Residential use of Occupied Houses ............................. 3‐4 Table 3.5: Sex Ratio in last Three Decades ....................................................................... 3‐4 Table 3.6: Literacy Rate in Gaya Municipal Corporation Area ......................................... 3‐4 Table 3.7: Social Composition of Population in Gaya ....................................................... 3‐5 Table 3.8: Projected Population for Gaya Municipal Area ............................................... 3‐5
List of Figures Figure 3.1: Population Growth Trend, 1971‐2001 ............................................................ 3‐2 Figure 3.2 : Literacy Rate .................................................................................................. 3‐5 Figure 3.3: Projected Population by Various Methods .................................................... 3‐6
List of Maps Map 3.1 : Ward Map
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Demography 3‐1
3 DEMOGRAPHY
3.1 INTRODUCTION
The demographic characteristic, a major component in the formulation of a City
Development Plan, is analyzed in terms of population growth rate and its spatial spread
within the city. Analysis of demographic indicators is important to understand expected
development to plan the future growth of the town. Chapter includes the analysis of
population growth trends, population distribution, spatial spread of population,
population density, household size, sex ratio, literacy level, workforce participation
rate, social composition and estimated population for 2030 for which infrastructure in
Gaya needs to be planned.
3.2 GAYA MUNICIPAL AREA AND POPULATION
Gaya Municipal Corporation established as city ULB in 1883. As per Census 2001, Gaya
has 37 municipal wards with population size of 385432 and 1 ward (Kaler) as outgrowth
with a population of 3760. Thus total population of Gaya town was 389192 spread over
an area of 50.17sq.km. Further as per Draft Master Plan, 2027 referred to Gaya Zilla
Gazatte, March 2007, Gaya Municipal Corporation includes its outgrowth under section
‐13 of ‘The Bihar Muncipal Act, 2007’ and divided into 53 election wards with the total
population size of 389192.
3.3 GROWTH TREND
Gaya is a Class‐I city with largest population size among five unban centers of Gaya
district. Population of the city has been continously increasing since 1921 with varying
rates ranging from 18 to 37 percent. Growth trend of Gaya in last 10 decades is shown
in Table 3.1.
Table 3.1: Population Growth Trends
Year Population Growth (in %)
1901 71,288
1911 49,921 ‐29.97
1921 67,562 35.31
1931 88,005 30.26
1941 105,223 19.56
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Demography 3‐2
Year Population Growth (in %)
1951 133,700 27.06
1961 151,105 13.02
1971 179,884 19.05
1981 247,075 37.35
1991 291,675 18.05
2001 389,192 33.43
(Source: Town Directory, 2001)
Figure 3.1: Population Growth Trend, 1971‐2001
The average population growth of the city in last 10 decades (1901‐2001) is 20.3%.
There was sudden decrease in population from 1901 to 1911 and thereafter continous
increase in population with varied rate has been observed. Highest population growth
of Gaya was in 1971‐81 and growth rate in last decade (1991‐2001) was 33.4%. Since
Gaya is a regional center, lot of rural to urban migration occurs due to which there has
been continous incease in population over decades.
3.4 POPULATION DISTRIBUTION
Gaya Municipal Corporation Area is divided into 53 wards as per Gaya Zilla Gazette,
March 2007. Spatial distribution of wards in Gaya is represented in Map 3.1. Population
in 53 wards varies from 6401 to 8305. Different wards have been grouped into three
categories according to size of the population which is shown in Table 3.2.
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
400,000
450,000
1901 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001
Population
Year
Population Growth Trends
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Demography 3‐3
Table 3.2: Population Size Distribution
S.N. Population Size
Distribution
Number of
Wards Ward Numbers
1 6000‐7000 19 1,3,4,6,9,10,13,17,18,19,20,22,23,25,27,36,
41,45 and 46
2 7000‐8000 24 5,7,8,11,12,14,15,16,21,24,26,28,29,30,31,32,
33,37,38,39,42,43,44 and 51
3 >8000 10 2,34,35,40,47,48,49,50,52 and 53
Lowest population size of 6401 is of Ward No. 20 which is spread over an area of 13 Ha
and the highest population size 8305 is of Ward No. 49 which is spread over an area of
53 Ha approximately. It can be observed from above table that maximum wards are
having population size ranging from 7000 to 8000.
3.5 POPULATION DENSITY
Gaya with a population of 389192 and area 5017 ha is having gross population density
of 78 ppha. The net population density (excluding agriculture and vacant land) of Gaya
is 167 ppha. Ward wise population density of the Gaya town shows that highest density
is in Ward No. 21 i.e. 1450 ppha and the lowest density is recorded in Ward No. 29 i.e. 8
ppha. Ward No. 49 has maximum population i.e. 8305 people followed by Ward No. 53
and 47 (8290 and 8265 resp.). All these three wards are located on eastern side of the
river in Manpur.
Table 3.3: Population Density
S. No. Category Density Ward Numbers
1 Very Low Below 50 29,30,43,44,46,48,53
2 Low 50‐100 1,32,45,47
3 Medium 100‐200 2,3,5,6,23,25,26,27,28,31,36,49,50,51,52
4 High 200‐500 8,9,10,11,12,13,14,16,17,20,22,24,33,39,35,37,
40,41,42
5 Very High Above 500 7,15,18,19,21,38,39
The above Table 3.3 reveals that maximum number of wards comes under high density
zone and then medium density zone. The population density in ward no. 29, 30, 43, 44,
46, 48 and 53 is less than 50 which are located on the periphery of the municipal
boundary where as density is more than 500 in ward no. 7, 15, 18, 19, 21, 38 and 39
which are present in the center of the city.
3.6 HOUSEHOLD SIZE
As per Census 2001, there were 54224 households in GMC with total population of
389192 showing a household size of 7.2 which is much higher than the average
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Demography 3‐4
household size of 5. As per the SPUR, reffered to State Government Survey, 2007‐08,
total number of households in Gaya is 85623. Number of households with varying
household sizes is given below in Table 3.4.
Table 3.4: Residential and Non‐ Residential use of Occupied Houses
Household size Total Number of Households in GMC Percentage
1 1196 2.3
2 2059 3.9
3 2776 5.3
4 5371 10.3
5 7108 13.6
6‐8 18335 35.1
9+ 15388 29.5
Total 52233 100.0 (Source: Table on Houses, Household Amenities, Census of India 2001)
Total of 65% of the households are having household size greater than 5 showing lack of
housing facility in Gaya town.
3.7 SEX RATIO
Sex ratio is an important indicator of health and social status of women in society which
has direct and indirect bearing on other key indicators like child mortality. Thus, the sex
ratio in last three decades is shown in Table 3.5.
Table 3.5: Sex Ratio in last Three Decades
Town Sex Ratio in 1981 Sex Ratio in 1991 Sex Ratio in 2001
Gaya 868 859 885
(Source: Town Directory, 2001)
Sex ratio in Gaya town is increasing since last three decades shows the improving status
of women in society. Sex ratio of GMC in 2001, 885 females per 1000 males is lower
than the districts and states sex ratio of 937 and 921 respectively.
3.8 LITERACY
Literacy rate is an important indicator of the socio‐economic status of the area. Overall
literacy rate along with male and female literates are shown in Table 3.6.
Table 3.6: Literacy Rate in Gaya Municipal Corporation Area
Area Literates
Literacy Rate Male Female Total
GMC 148959 106363 255322
77.2 58.34% 41.65% 100%
(Source: Census, 2001)
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Demography 3‐5
58%
42% Male
Female
Above table shows that out of the total number of
literates in GMC, 58.34% are male and 41.65% are
females. Overall literacy rate of GMC is 77.2% higher
than states and districts average of 47.5% and 51.1%
respectively.
3.9 SOCIAL COMPOSITION
Social Composition of town population represents the share of Schedule Caste and
Schedule Tribe among the total population. As per Census 2001, 9.9% and 0.2% of the
total population are SC and ST respectively, which is also presented in Table 3.7.
Table 3.7: Social Composition of Population in Gaya
Social Composition Population Percentage of population
SC 38408 9.9
ST 610 0.2
Others 350174 90
Total Population of Town 389192 100
(Source: Census 2001)
3.10 POPULATION PROJECTION
City Development Plan is being prepared visualizing the town in next 20 years. In
addition to bridge the existing gaps, demands for infrastructure and urban basic
services in future needs to be estimated to improve quality of life of the residents of
town. Thus, to achieve this objective, estimation of future population is important.
Consultants, using various statistical methods based on population trends in previous
years have projected the population as presented in Table 3.8.
Table 3.8: Projected Population for Gaya Municipal Area
Year Arithmetic Increase
Method Geometric Method
Exponential Graphical
Method
1961 151105 151105 151105
1971 179884 179884 179884
1981 247075 247075 247075
1991 291675 291675 291675
2001 389192 389192 389192
2011 503082 669565 463730
2021 830847 689400 576746
2030 1089816 894726 703250
Source: Projected by Consultants
Figure 3.2 : Literacy Rate
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Demography 3‐6
Figure 3.3: Projected Population by Various Methods
Population has been estimated for vision year 2030 by Arithmetic Method and
Geometric Method considering compounded annual growth rate of past 6 decades.
Population is also estimated from exponential graphical method. Population estimated
from Arithmetic, Geometric and Exponential Graphical Method for vision year 2030 are
1089816, 894726, and 703250 respectively. Estimated population from Exponential
Graphical Method of 703250 has been used for planning purposes as it is comparable
with the projections presented in Master Plan 2027 reffered to HUDCO and compatible
with the development trends.
3.11 ISSUES AND FINDINGS
The phenomenal growth of the Gaya in last 5 decades will be followed by the estimated
population of 703250 in 2030. Thus planning of the town including physical and social
infrastructure needs to be done to bridge the existing gap and to fill the future
requirement of the estimated population. The main issues and findings related to
demography of the town are
Gaya town has an uneven distribution of population. The wards in the central
part of the town despite the small area (Ward No. 7, 15, 18,19,21,38 and 39)
have high density greater than 500. Whereas outer wards of the Municipal
Corporation Area viz. 29, 30, 43, 44, 46, 48 and 53 have densities lower than 50
ppha. The high densities in core areas of town leads to burden on infrastructure.
Thus infrastructure provision is crucial concern in the high density areas.
Population of Gaya is increasing with a dynamic rate varied from 13‐37%.
Provision of infrastructure especially housing, water supply and sanitation is
crucial.
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Demography 3‐7
There is substantial floating population in Gaya of around 70,000 (Municipal
Council, 2006). Thus planning for basic infrastructure such as water supply and
sanitation for them is important.
58.34% of male and 41.65% of female are literate.
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Economy i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
4 ECONOMY ...................................................................................................... 4‐1 4.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 4‐1 4.2 ECONOMIC BASE .................................................................................................. 4‐1 4.3 TRADE AND COMMERCE ..................................................................................... 4‐2 4.3.1 Formal Markets .................................................................................................... 4‐2 4.3.2 Informal markets ................................................................................................. 4‐3 4.4 Industries ............................................................................................................. 4‐4 4.5 Religious Tourism ................................................................................................. 4‐5 4.6 ISSUES AND FINDINGS ......................................................................................... 4‐6 4.7 DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES ................................................................................ 4‐7 4.8 IDENTIFIED PROJECTS .......................................................................................... 4‐7
List of Tables
Table 4.1: Distribution of Workers, 2001 in Gaya ............................................................ 4‐1 Table 4.2: Occupational Structure of GMC ....................................................................... 4‐1 Table 4.3: Main Commercial Areas ................................................................................... 4‐2 Table 4.4: Distribution of Informal Commercial Markets in Gaya.................................... 4‐4 Table 4.5: Small scale and household industries in Gaya ................................................. 4‐4 Table 4.6: Identified Projects for Economy of Gaya ......................................................... 4‐8
List of Maps
Map 4.1: Commerical Activities
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Economy 4‐1
4 ECONOMY
4.1 INTRODUCTION
Development is a multi‐dimensional phenomenon, one of which is the economic
growth of the town. Gaya is the districts headquarter, due to which all district level
offices are located in Gaya. In addition Gaya has household industries and trade &
commerce as its economic activities. Chapter includes study of workforce participation,
occupational structure and major economic activities of Gaya town. It also includes the
identification of the issues related to economy, hindrance in the orgaised development
of the town and strategies for sustenance of economy.
4.2 ECONOMIC BASE
Occupational structure of the populace is the primary indicator of nature of economy
and economic base of the town. Workforce participation rate (WFPR) in Gaya town is
24.5% which is much lower than state’s and district’s WFPR of 33.7% and 36.8% resp.
Details of workforce participation are shown in Table 4.1.
Table 4.1: Distribution of Workers, 2001 in Gaya
Total
Population
Total Workers WFPR Main Workers
Main
Worker
Marginal
Worker
Total Male Female Total
389192 82631 12966 95597 24.56 73148 9483 82631
86.4% 13.5% 100% 88.5% 11.5% 100%
Table 4.1 shows that 86.4% of the total working population is main workers of which
88.5% are male workers showing marginal share of female workers in GMC area.
Occupational structure of the GMC is being classified into four fold classification as per
Census 2001, primary census abstract. Since main workers are major contributors to the
economy of town, detailed classification of main workers is shown in Table 4.2.
Table 4.2: Occupational Structure of GMC
Category of Workers Total Main Workers Percentage
Cultivator 2308 2.79
Agricultural labourers 3268 3.95
Household Industry Workers 7010 8.48
Other Workers 70045 84.8%
Total Main Workers 82631 100%
(Source: Census 2001)
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Economy 4‐2
It can be observed from Table 4.2 that 84.8% of main workers are categorised as ‘Other
Workers’ which includes other than agricultural and household industry workers. ‘Other
Workers’ includes workers engaged mainly in manufacturing industries, trade and
commerce, construction activities, transport and communication and other service
activities. In addition 8.5% of workers are enagaged in household industries in Gaya.
Thus majority of population is engaged in secondary and tertiary sector activities in
Gaya town. Only 6.7% are engaged in primary sector activities as agricultural labourers
and cultivators. Agriculture is the main occupation of the people in the hinterland. Main
crops of the district are rice, wheat, maize, sugarcane, lentils, jowar, and pulses. Thus
trade and commerce, industries and religious tourism constitute the economic base of
Gaya town which will further be discussed in detail under different economic functions
of Gaya town.
4.3 TRADE AND COMMERCE
Maximum working population is engaged in tertiary
sector of which one is trade and commerce. Gaya
acts as a service centre for all the surrounding towns
and villages. There is no hierarchy of commercial
centers in Gaya. Retail and wholesale activities are
spread all over the town especially along the
important roads of the town. In Gaya major
commercial activities are concentrated along G.B. Road, Tekari Road, Swarajpuri Road,
Station Road, Kachahari Road, Bodhgaya Road, Manpur Road, Vishnupad Road,
Manglagauri Road, Netaji Subhash Road, Rang bahadur Road, Anugrah Road, K.P. Road,
Katari Road, Ram Sagar Road, Ander Gaya Road, Telibagh Road and New Godown Road.
4.3.1 Formal Markets
Formal markets in Gaya are mainly concentrated all along the important roads of the
town. There are approximately 15000 shops in these markets. Main markets in Gaya
town along with the major commodities sold into these markets are listed in Table 4.3
and spatially represented in Map 4.1.
Table 4.3: Main Commercial Areas
S. No. Name of Markets Type Major Commodities
1. Kedar Nath Market Retail &
Wholesale
Cloth, stationary, grossery, stationary,
vegetable and fruit mandi etc.
2. Khathotar Talab Retail Grossery, religious items
3. Hatu Godam Retail &
Wholesale
Food grains, Spices, sweets
4. G.B. Road Retail Grossery, stationary, general commercial
5 K.P. Road Retail Stationary, restaurents
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Economy 4‐3
S. No. Name of Markets Type Major Commodities
6 Kachahari Road Retail Stationary
7 Tikari Road
/DakBunglow Road
Retail and
Wholesale
Vegetables, Hardward, Auto parts,
Machine parts
8 Chowk Market Retail General Commercial
9 New Gaya College Road Retail Stationary, Computer
10 ANNMCH Market Retail Chemists
11 Station Road Retail Hotels and Restaurents
4.3.2 Informal markets
Street vending is one of the means of informal marketing. A large section of street
vendors in urban areas comprises those people who migrated to town from rural areas
in search of employment. They normally set up thelas, mobile shops, thatch roofed
kutcha shops on the footpath and road sides. They mostly locate themselves
strategically near work centres, commercial areas, outside schools and colleges,
religious places and tourist places, hospitals and transport nodes etc. Street vending is
prevalent near railway station, bus station, Vishnupad temple, Diggi talab, colleges,
hospitals etc. Informal activities are prevalent along the main roads of the town viz.
Ghungadi Tad Road, Station Road, Bodhgaya Highway Road, Patna Highway Road,
Vishnupad Temple Road, Mangla Gauri Road, Swarajpuri Road, etc. Few of the places
where informal activities are prevalent are mentioned in Table 4.4.
Kedar Nath Market, Gaya Kedar Nath Market
Kachahari Road Market Dak Bunglow Road, Gaya
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Economy 4‐4
Table 4.4: Distribution of Informal Commercial Markets in Gaya
S. No. Name of Markets Main Commodaties
1 New Godown Sweets,
2 Ghewal Bigha Mod
(Near old Bus stand)
Sweets, Tea stalls, eateries
3 Chand Chaura Clothes, Sweets
4 Rajendra Road eateris, religious items, sweet
5 Sikaria Mod Eatries, tea stalls
6 Station road Eatries, Bags
Other than above, there are informal markets for vegetables at Ghughari Tad Road,
Manpur Road, New Gaya College Road, Sikaria Mod, Jail
Road etc. These markets are located along the major roads,
and create congestion in high traffic zones.
The total numbers of vendors
in Gaya are approximately
10953 out of which 80 percent
have kutcha informal shops and 20 percent are mobile.
Around 48.2% sell fruits and vegetable, 10.2% sell fish etc,
19.2% sell processed food, 6.4% cloths and 16% falls
under other’s category. (Source: LED Strategy Report)
4.4 INDUSTRIES
There is no major industrial set up in the town. Few toffee industries, oil mills,
sugarcane mills present in Gaya which are degenterating. In addition there are few
small scale and household industries in Gaya which includes powerloom/handloom,
aggarbatti non‐scented, trading perfumery, tilkut‐lai, building material (stone and
window grill), wooden furniture material, clay pieces etc. A majority of these industries
are located in the old city and Manpur area. Table 4.5 presents the details of industrial
units in GMC.
Table 4.5: Small scale and household industries in Gaya
S.N Unit Type No. of
Units
Employees/Unit
(Approx)
Total
Employees
(Approx)
Location
1 Powerloom/
Handloom 5000 2 12000 Manpur
2 Agarbatti Non
cented 10,000 100
100,000 in
the district
Ghewal begha, Ghungadi
tola, Karim ganj, Aliganj,
Panchayati Akhara, Bari
Road, Kathokar talab,
Murarpur Abgilla.
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Economy 4‐5
S.N Unit Type No. of
Units
Employees/Unit
(Approx)
Total
Employees
(Approx)
Location
3 Trading perfumery 100 20 2000 Gaya town
4 Stone building
material
50 stone
Crushers
(District)
20 labor/unit 2000 Gaya‐Patna road and
Neilly military camp
5 Tilkut/lai 100 units 5/unit 1000 Ramana Road, Tikari
Road
6 Sleepers
(Railways) 2 units 37 75 Manpur
7 Building material
window grill 100
Direct
Employment‐5,
Indirect
Employment‐10
1500
8 Wooden furniture
material 50
Direct
employment‐5,
Indirect
employment‐5
500 Gurudwara Road‐
Godam
9 Artesian:
statues/clay pieces 100 6 600 Manpur
10 Carton Manf. 25 10 250 Manpur
(Source: Draft Master Plan for 2027)
Power loom/ handloom contribute to the maximum employment, at the rate of almost
2 workers per unit. There are around 5000 units, employing around 12000 workers of
which 25% are females. These household/power loom industries are primarily located
in Manpur area of which again almost 99% are in Patwa toli. There are 100 perfumery
trading units employing around 2000 workers mainly located in Ghewal Begha,
Ghungadi Tola, Karim Ganj, Aligunj, Panchayati Akhara, Bari Road, Kathokar Talab etc.
Another main household industry in Gaya is of Tilkut –Lai comprising of around 100
units of which 90% are unregistered located mainly on Ramana Road and Tikari road.
There are 25 cartoon and 100 artesian staues/clay pieces manufacturing units located in
Manpur area. Apart of these there are 2 railway sleepers units located in Manpur.
4.5 RELIGIOUS TOURISM
Situated on the banks of Phalgu River, Gaya is a place sanctified by both, the Hindu and
the Buddhist religions. The town finds mention in the great epics, Ramayana and
Mahabharata. Rama along with Sita and Lakshmana visited Gaya for offering Pind daan
to their father Dasharath. In Mahabharat, the place has been identified as Gayapuri.
Thus Gaya becomes an important town for performing ritual of pind daan.
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Economy 4‐6
Main pilgrim heritage sites in Gaya are Vishnupad Temple, Mangla Gauri Temple,
Pretshila Temple, Ramshila Temple and Brahmayoni Temple. In addition to above,
there are 54 sites and about 18 sarovars for pind daan with varied religious importance
in Gaya viz. Brahma Kund, Ram Kund, Uttarmanas, Brahm Sarovar, Rukmani Sarovar,
Sarju Sarovar, Uttarmanas Sarovar, Sita Kund, Suraj Kund, Falgu River etc. Jama Masjid,
the largest in Bihar is situated in Gaya. In 2001, Gaya attracted 4.29 percent domestic
tourist and 7.23 percent foreign tourist visiting Bihar. In 2006 percentage of domestic
tourist increased to 10.65 percent and foreign tourist decreased to 3.49 percent. There
was a decrease in absolute value of foreign tourist also from 2005 to 2006, from 4000
to 3300 (LED Strategy Report)
The town has many economic activity related to tourism and religion like hospitality
industry, incense stick, candles, idols, gammcha, silk scarf etc. They not only sell their
product locally but also outside the state. People sell these products through middle
men which reduces the profits of the product maker.
4.6 ISSUES AND FINDINGS
Presently economy of Gaya is thriving on service based industries.
Demand for commercial services is steadily increasing, but in absence of
adequate initiatives to develop orgaised commercial areas, the informal sector
in the form of street vending is encroaching upon road space along major roads
and foothpaths leading to traffic congestion including pedestrians;
There are no special commodity based markets and wholesale markets in Gaya.
Commercial acitivities are concentrated only along few busy congested streets.
There is a need to facilitate the informal sector activities in the town which is
present in city to a significant extent in a more organised manner.
There is no major industrial set up in the town. Few toffee industries, oil mills,
sugarcane mills etc. present in Gaya are also degenerating.
Gaya is mainly dependent on small scale and household industries which include
powerloom/handloom, non scented aggarbatti, tilkut, building material‐stone
and window grill, wooden furniture material, clay pieces, railway sleepers and
stone crushers etc.
The shortage in supply of electricity, increasing cost of alternative fuel, and
other infrastructure like transportation, narrow roads etc. have its adverse
impact on the growth of industries.
There is need for diversification of economy into technology based industries.
Gaya has huge potential for agro‐ based industries because of large production
of wheat, rice and sugarcane, etc. in hinterland.
The agro climatic condition of the district is quite suitable for dairy
development, livestock and poultry farming activities. The traditional occupation
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Economy 4‐7
in this area has been the rearing of milch cattle which can be further enhanced
by developing related industries viz. milk processing plants.
The town has many economic activity related to tourism and religion like
hospitality industry, incense stick, candles, idols, gammcha, silk scarf etc. which
are having market outside state also. But due to the lack of orgaised marketing
initiatives middle men takes the advantage of it.
Some of the artisans in Gaya are engaged in hand embroidery, stone artware
and wood inlay. Not many people are engaged in these activities and further
better quality, variety and comparatively cheaper goods are available in other
places.
4.7 DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES
The agro climatic condition of the district is quite suitable for dairy development,
livestock and poultry farming activities. Thus dairy promotion and product
processing units should be promoted to bring diversification in economy to
generate gainful employment.
New and modern techniques should be introduced in hand embroidery, stone art
ware and wood inlay to revive its market and produce quality product to
compete with market.
Modern communication facilities like internet and e‐marketing should be made
available and common facility centers and R& D Centers should be developed for
household industries to tap the market opportunities.
Industrial promotion zone to be developed at appropriate sites to promote
household industries.
Government should take initiative to increase the manufacturing activities which
are few at present like oil mill, sugar mill etc.
Organised commercial areas (commercial complexes) should be developed in a
decentralized manner to decongest the busy streets. This will also meet the
higher order commercial needs of the town as a well as its hinterland.
Organised spaces should be developed for informal shops especially for weekly
market and vegetable vendors.
Promotion of religious tourism due to presence of number of historical temples,
religious sites to support the local economy.
Private Participation should be promoted in developing commercial and
industrial areas.
4.8 IDENTIFIED PROJECTS
It is proposed that existing municipal markets of the old city will be renovated on
priority in Phase‐I. Other than this, industrial sheds are required to enhance household
and small scale industries of the city. 250 industrial sheds, having 50 sq. mts. each, are
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Economy 4‐8
proposed under this project. In addition to these projects; 4 commercial complexes, 5
areas as platforms for weekly market, etc will be developed, details of which are shown
in Table 4.6.
Table 4.6: Identified Projects for Economy of Gaya
S.No. Identified Projects
Phase‐I Phase‐II Phase‐III
Qty Qty Qty
1 Renovation of existing municipal markets 3 2 ‐
2
Construction of Industrial Sheds / Promotion
Zone to accommodate 250 household and
small scale Units/ industries with storage 250 ‐ ‐
3 Construction of market complexes/
household shelters 150 ‐
4 Shopping / Commercial Complex 2 2 ‐
5
Platforms for Weekly Market/ Vegetable
Market 2 3 ‐
6 Dairy promotion and product processing units 1 1 ‐
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Physical Planning & Growth Management i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
5 PHYSICAL PLANNING AND GROWTH MANAGEMENT ...................................... 5‐1 5.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 5‐1 5.2 EVOLUTION OF THE TOWN .................................................................................. 5‐1 5.3 SPATIAL GROWTH TRENDS .................................................................................. 5‐2 5.4 LAND USE ANALYSIS ............................................................................................. 5‐3 5.4.1 Existing Land‐ Use ................................................................................................ 5‐3 5.5 MASTER PLAN PROVISIONS ................................................................................. 5‐5 5.5.1 Proposed Land use Distribution, 2027 ................................................................ 5‐5 5.6 FUTURE GROWTH POSSIBILITIES ......................................................................... 5‐6
List of Tables Table 5.1: Developed and Undeveloped area in Gaya Municipal Corporation, 2001 ...... 5‐3 Table 5.2: Land‐use Break up of GMC Area, 2001 ............................................................ 5‐3 Table 5.3: Proposed land Use, 2027, Gaya ....................................................................... 5‐6
List of Figures
Figure 5.1: Landuse of Gaya Municipal Limit: 2001 ......................................................... 5‐4
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Physical Planning & Growth Management 5‐1
5 PHYSICAL PLANNING AND GROWTH
MANAGEMENT
5.1 INTRODUCTION
Land and its use form the base of any development. Land is the most crucial economic
tool for planned development of the urban areas and achievement of social objectives
through its judicious allocation for future use.
5.2 EVOLUTION OF THE TOWN
The Gaya kshetra was spread along Falgu River. The town rose during the period of
1657 to 1707 AD when Saharchand choudhry, a converted noblemen received a royal
grant of 4000 bighas of land here, he than invited Gaya‐Baal priests to settle in his jagir.
Soon Gaya began to take shape with the erection of their fortifications‐ remnants of
which exist even today (on the rocky eminence of the Vishnupada giri). This period was
the decline of the mughal power that encouraged Queen Ahilyabai Holkar of Indore to
construct the famous Vishnupad Temple here.
Eastern India now came under British sway. During that period in 1825 Gaya had
become the head quarter of residual district. Further growth took place, old Gaya
existed (which was called as Andar Gaya) and collectorate and british bunglows were
constructed adjoining the old Gaya towards north and beyond it there were grid iron
development of Sahebgunj containing the jail and pilgrim hospital. To the south west,
stood the maidan and another but smaller group of british bunglows. This town scape
was gradually embellished with a number of public institutions (eg. The Zila, Sahebgunj
high schools, the halliday public library and the Lady Elgin women’s infectious diseases
and veterinary hospitals and a wooden road bridge were constructed across Falgu River.
Mean while an epoch marking development had come up with the completion of the
rail link with Patna in 1876 AD. The railway station added, after the Vishnupada temple
and collectorate complexes, the third and the most important nucleus of growth which
was further strengthened with the completion of rail links with Kiul in 1895, Mogul sarai
in 1906 and the development of the railway district offices and colony to the west of
the Halliday Public Library and in the ribbon land along the rail track.
Gaya at the dawn of the century showed the striking impact of the railway station
nucleus on the Saheb gunj area. It had consolidated as the trading quarter principally
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Physical Planning & Growth Management 5‐2
inhabited by businessmen of all classes, merchants, traders, artisans, money lenders,
and professional men.
The fringe land to the north and west of the railway station and Manpur had also come
under the spell of haphazard development due to cheaper land values.
Andar Gaya still clung to its old trait but the maidan had emerged into sharper focus
with the consolidation of officials living in a more compact area round the initial nucleus
and the construction of new jail, police lines, cemetery, church, race course and golf
links as well as a number of Tekari raj offices and bunglows around it.
Notable developments were the growth of a number of rice, oil and pulse mills in the
north‐western part of the town during 20’s and the removal of the railway district
offices to Dinapur near patna‐ the state capital since 1912. The 30’s saw the entry of an
extremely erratic electric power supply, the replacement of the wooden bridge on the
Falgu by a narrow bridge, the establishment of the agricultural school, sheep breeding
farm, aerodrome and the Gaya cotton mills in the northern outskirts.
The town‐region functioned as a major air base during the time of 2nd world war in
1939 and a sizeable military cantonment grew up on the rocky flanks of the brahmayoni
hills. The first college, the Gaya College, had also come up before 1945.
A considerable amount of public sector expansion such as the D.V.C colony, Gaya town
rural block development office and quarters, state electricity board and central food
godowns, diesel loco shed and railway housing etc has occurred in the extreme west.
Engineering school in the extreme south and Manpur rural development block office
and quarters etc have further supported the expansion of the town. The establishment
of the Magadh University along the Dhobi road at Bodh Gaya was another major
development of that time.
The town frame and the major land‐uses had thus already become fixed by the time
Gaya entered the post independence period, the highlights of which are private
education institution and small service & other industries.
5.3 SPATIAL GROWTH TRENDS
Gaya is doted by number of hills, the Ramshila hill on the north, Katari hill on the west,
and Brahmyoni on the south of the city, is rugged with ravines and rocks. River Falgu
flows on the eastern side of the city. After independence the town experienced a faster
growth. New colonies such as police lines and railway quarters were developed in a
planned manner. The south‐west part of the city has largely developed as
institutional/residential low density area. Major portion of the city is on the western
side of Falgu River and a smaller portion of the city has been grown along eastern bank
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Physical Planning & Growth Management 5‐3
of Falgu River. Because Gaya is a district head quarter and its strategic location has
tendency of growing as commercial centre, it has resulted in increased pressure of
commercial activities in the old city. Thus town had started spreading along all major
spines of the town. The town has spread almost in all directions especially along
Jahanabad‐Patna road, Sherghati road, Nawada Road and Gaya‐Dobi road. National
Highways and State Highways like NH‐82, NH‐83, SH‐4, SH‐7 and SH‐70 passes through
the city.
5.4 LAND USE ANALYSIS
Gaya Municipal Corporation presently spread over an area of 50.17sq.km. Out of the
total area of Gaya Municipal Corporation only 33.2 % of area is developed and
remaining is either undeveloped or under natural features. The vacant land is mainly
located in the south, south‐west and in north on the eastern bank of Falgu River. Details
of developed and undeveloped area of GMC are given below in Table 5.1.
Table 5.1: Developed and Undeveloped area in Gaya Municipal Corporation, 2001
Broad Land‐Use Category Area in Sq Km Area in Percentage
Municipal Area 50.17 100
Developed Area 16.64 33.2
Undeveloped Area 33.53 66.8
Source: Draft Master Plan, 2027
5.4.1 Existing Land‐ Use
Table 5.2 shows the breakup of land‐use pattern in GMC. As per Draft Master Plan
2027, out of the total developed area (1664 Ha) a large portion of land is under
residential land use i.e. 70%, followed by 10% transportation, 8% public and semi‐
public, 4% Industrial, 2% commercial and 6% parks, recreational and open spaces.
Table 5.2: Land‐use Break up of GMC Area, 2001
Land‐ Use Categories Area in Hectares % Area of GMC
Residential 1170 23.3
Commercial 36 0.7
Industrial 59 1.2
Public / Semi Public 127 2.5
Transportation 164 3.3
Parks/ Open spaces 108 2.2
Agricultural & Vacant land 2699 53.8
Water Bodies (Incld. River) 356 7.1
Hills 298 5.9
Total 5017 100.0
(Source: Draft Master Plan, 2027)
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Physical Planning & Growth Management 5‐4
Figure 5.1: Landuse of Gaya Municipal Limit: 2001
Residential Use
Out of the total GMC area, 23.3% (1170 ha) was under residential land use in 2001.
According to the UDPFI guidelines, 40‐45% of the area should be under residential land
use. Most of the residential development is concentrated in central part of Gaya and
along the major roads of the city. Thus for optimal distribution of landuse more areas
need to be put under residential use in a planner manner.
Commercial use
Around 0.7% (36 ha) of total GMC area are under commercial use, which is inadequate
as recommended under UDPFI Guidelines (3‐4 % of the total land should be under
commercial use). Commercial activities are mainly concentrated along the major roads
of the city and in the form of informal activities spread over the city.
Industrial use
In 2001, 1.2% (59 Ha) area was under industrial use. The city has a number of
household industries located in old part and Manpur. There is no industrial estate set
up in Gaya.
Public Semi Public
127 Ha (2.5%) area of the city is covered under public‐semi‐public uses which are
inadequate as per planning standards.
Roads and Transportation
About 164 Ha areas which are around 3.3% area of the city is covered under roads and
transportation. As per UDPFI guidelines, circulation should be 12‐14%, which is
presently inadequate. The roads of the city except all highways and major roads have
widths varying between 3.5 to 15.0 mts. There are also encroachments on the roads.
Further there is lack of transport infrastructure such as truck terminal, bus stand etc.
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Physical Planning & Growth Management 5‐5
Water bodies
Around 654 ha of land i.e. 13% is under water bodies. Water bodies need to be
conserved as Gaya is a drought prone area.
Recreational
108 ha (2.2%) area was under recreational uses like parks and open spaces which is
much lesser than recommended 18‐20% of the city area as per UDPFI guidelines.
Agricultural and Vacant Land
Till 2001, 53.8% (2699 Ha) is under agriculture and vacant land which can be used for
future expansion of the Gaya city and optiminal distribution of landuse.
5.5 MASTER PLAN PROVISIONS
The first Master Plan has been prepared for the city in 1965 for duration of 25 years i.e.
for period of (1965‐1991). But, the town has been growing organically, only few areas
have witnessed planned development. Further the Master Plan has been revised for the
vision year 2027.
5.5.1 Proposed Land use Distribution, 2027
Master Plan has been prepared with an aim to fulfill eight identified goals to achieve
the vision for the city. Identified goals In Master Plan 2027 are as follows:
1. To promote and provide for sustainable development of Gaya enabling it to
accomdate the needs of existing and future and also functionality as a regional
development centre;
2. To promote social inclusion and to facilitate equality of access to health,
education and social and cultural activities;
3. To preserve its cultural heritage and provide a high quality natural and built
environment and improved quality of life.
4. To promote balanced and sustainable economic development and employment
within the town also ensuring promotion of activities supporting tourism;
5. To develop and integrated transport strategy linked to landuse objectivies which
is equitable and sustainable.
6. To meet the need for housing for all sections by 2027
7. To provide balanced and equitable infrastructural development to improves the
quality of life in city.
To achieve identified goals and planned development of the town, Master Plan 2027,
has proposed the landuse distribution for Gaya. Developed area in 2001 was 1664 ha
and 4940 ha has been proposed to be developed till 2027. Existing GMC area is 5017 ha
whereas proposed is 5709 ha as per Master Plan 2027. Details of proposed landuse as
per Master Plan 2027 are given below in Table 5.3.
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Physical Planning & Growth Management 5‐6
Table 5.3: Proposed land Use, 2027, Gaya
(Source: Draft Master Plan 2027)
It can be observed that, in addition to residential and commercial development,
sufficient space has been allocated to other landuses such as transportation,
recreational and public‐semi public which is grossly lacking at present.
Major proposals related to roads and transportation includes development of bypass to
ease the traffic on South Policeline Road, Riverside Road, Jail Road, Mangla Gauri Road,
Ander Gaya Road, Station Road and G.B.Road. Three sites for truck terminal have been
proposed on the jahanabad Road, Gaya Nawada Road and Bihar Shariff Road. Six new
bus terminals have been proposed on Fatehpur Road, Gaya Nawada Road, Bihar Shariff
Road, Jahanabad Road, Tikari Road, and one in the south west of the town. In addition
hierarchy of arterial, sub‐arterial and collector roads have been proposed. All of these
will add to huge area under transportation to support the future population.
1028 Ha area have been proposed under recreational use which will include
parks/gardens, green belt, open spaces, sports use and multifunctional open spaces etc.
Also 593 ha area is proposed to be developed as public semi‐public facilties including
government, semi government offices, education and health facilities, community
facilities, utilities and services etc.
5.6 FUTURE GROWTH POSSIBILITIES
Due to increasing congestion in the core areas of the city and decline in living standards,
suburban areas are tends to develop. Gaya has tendency to develop along the the
major spines especially in south and south‐west as substantial amount of land is
available in this direction inside Gaya Municipal Corporation limit. But presence of hills
and cantonement in the south‐west is the constraint for development.
SN Land use Area (Ha) % of Developed Area
1. Residential 2223 45
2. Commercial 198 4
3. Industrial 150 3
4. Public and Semi‐Public 593 12
5. Roads and Transportation 748 15
6. Recreational 1028 21
Total Developed Area 4940 100
7 Water Bodies (incl. river) 356
8 Orchard’s 116
9 Hills 298
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Water Supply i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
6 WATER SUPPLY ............................................................................................... 6‐1 6.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 6‐1 6.2 EXISTING STATUS ................................................................................................. 6‐1 6.2.1 Sources of Water Supply...................................................................................... 6‐1 6.2.2 Quality of Water at Source .................................................................................. 6‐2 6.3 COVERAGE ........................................................................................................... 6‐2 6.4 QUANTITY OF WATER SUPPLY ............................................................................. 6‐2 6.5 WATER SUPPLY INFRASTRUCTURE ...................................................................... 6‐3 6.6 WATER DISTRIBUTION ARRANGEMENTS ............................................................ 6‐4 6.7 WATER TREATMENT FACILITIES ........................................................................... 6‐5 6.8 PRESENT & FUTURE DEMAND AND SUPPLY GAPS .............................................. 6‐5 6.9 SWOT ANALYSIS ................................................................................................... 6‐6 6.10 ISSUES AND FINDINGS ......................................................................................... 6‐6 6.11 SECTOR VISION, GOALS AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES ................................. 6‐6 6.11.1 Sector Vision and Goals ....................................................................................... 6‐6 6.11.2 Development Strategies ...................................................................................... 6‐7 6.12 IDENTIFIED PROJECTS .......................................................................................... 6‐8
List of Tables
Table 6‐1: Number of Public Hand Pumps and Public Stand Posts in Gaya ..................... 6‐2 Table 6‐2: Household Wise Water Supply System, 2001 ................................................. 6‐2 Table 6‐3: Details of Tube‐Wells in GMC .......................................................................... 6‐3 Table 6‐4: Details of Storage Infrastructure ..................................................................... 6‐4 Table 6‐5: Gap in Demand and Supply of Water .............................................................. 6‐5 Table 6‐6: Goals and Service Level Benchmarking for Water Supply System .................. 6‐7 Table 6‐7: Projects Identified for Water Supply System of Gaya ..................................... 6‐8 List of Maps
Map 6.1: Map showing Water Supply Infrastructure in Gaya
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Water Supply 6‐1
6 WATER SUPPLY
6.1 INTRODUCTION
The availability, adequacy and accessibility of urban services are important indicator to
assess the quality of life of the residents. Continuous growth of the city puts pressure
on infrastructure, particularly water supply, sewerage, solid waste, drainage, power,
road network etc. Unless infrastructure is improved to the required level, quality of life
suffers. Most importantly, it influences economic development of the city and
investment climate. Water is one of the important physical infrastructures which have
been discussed in this chapter.
Gaya is situated on the bank of River Falgu. Falgu
River is a rain fed river having no continuous
flow throughout the year and hence primary
source of water supply in Gaya town is ground
water.
Public Health Engineering Department (P.H.E.D) is responsible for planning, design and
construction of water works along with operation and maintenance of the water supply
system. Jal Parishad, Nagar Nigam Gaya is responsible for daily distribution for water
supply, provision of connections and tariff collection in Gaya city.
A detailed analysis has been done by consultants to study the service level of the
present water supply scheme and requirement of system to serve the population till
2030 by understanding the existing water supply system, present gap and future
requirement which has explained in subsequent sections.
6.2 EXISTING STATUS
6.2.1 Sources of Water Supply
Falgu River is a rain fed river having no perennial flow throughout the year except rainy
season. In Gaya the primary source of water supply is ground water. At present 40% of
water is supplied through piped water supply and rest are through hand pumps and
other sources. Presently water is supplied in Gaya town from 28 tube wells through a
distribution network of 70 km.
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Water Supply 6‐2
6.2.2 Quality of Water at Source
The ground water quality in Gaya is assessed to be average. The existence of fluoride
and iron can affect the quality of water in Gaya.
6.3 COVERAGE
40% of Gaya is served with water supply at present. Out of the total number of
households 40% are connected to individual piped connection. Areas which are mainly
covered for water supply by Jal Parishad are Dandhi bagh, Tulsi bagh, Updit raji
dawakhana, Fire station, Azad Park, Gurudwara, Nigam Store, Central school, Ramruchi,
Nai Godam, Godhi Ghar, Delha, Buniyad ganj, Manpur pul etc.
There is severe problem of water supply in city. Around 60% of the Gaya is not having
access to water and a large number of populations are dependent on community
connection and other sources. Above that, untreated ground water is being supplied
due to which various diseases are common in the town. Number of public hand pumps
and public stand posts installed in Gaya are shown in Table 6.1.
Table 6‐1: Number of Public Hand Pumps and Public Stand Posts in Gaya
Description Quantity
Total number of public hand pumps 493
Total number of public stand posts 122
(Source: SPUR Cell)
Out of the total number of 493 public hand pumps present in Gaya city, 375 are
installed by Nagar Nigam and 118 are by PHED. Total numbers of public stand posts are
122 of which 61 are located in slums.
6.4 QUANTITY OF WATER SUPPLY
Total quantity of water supplied to the distribution system is 20 MLD per day. The total
number of households in Gaya was 52233 in the year 2001 out of which 41014
households (i.e. 78.52%) had water facility within the premises and 7394 households
(i.e. 14.15 %) had water supply facility near premises and rest of 7.33 % of household
are using water away from their residence. Most of the households are connected to
tap, hand pumps and tube wells as source of water.
Table 6‐2: Household Wise Water Supply System, 2001
S. No Source Within Premises Near Premises Away Total
1 Tap 12819 2136 947 15902
2 Hand Pump 25391 4411 1737 31539
3 Tube Wells 2103 96 69 2268
4 Wells 585 512 546 1643
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Water Supply 6‐3
S. No Source Within Premises Near Premises Away Total
5 Tank/Pond 14 15 1 30
6 River Canal 0 24 21 45
7 Springs 0 78 5 83
8 Any Others 102 12 499 613
Total 41014 7284 3825 52123
Source: Census of India, 2001
6.5 WATER SUPPLY INFRASTRUCTURE
There are 28 tube wells which are functional in the city and 7 are non‐Functional from
which water is being supplied. Table 6.3 shows the size and location of the tube‐wells
along with their discharge capacity.
Table 6‐3: Details of Tube‐Wells in GMC
Name of the Tube well Size Discharge
(Gallons per hr.) Year of
Installation Daily Hours of operation
Dandi bag‐1 16"*16" 70000 1986 4
Dandi bag‐2 16"*16" 50000 1986 4
Dandi bag‐3 16"*16" 50000 1986 4
Panchayti bagha Akhara‐1 16"*16" 20000 2000 4
Panchayti bagha Akhara‐2 16"*16" 15000 2006 4
Direct Pumping Station
Tulsibag 16"*16" 25000 1986 4
Ajad park 16"*16" 20000 1986 4
Dhobighat 16"*16" 10000 1999 4
Central school 8"*8" 10000 1986 5
Nigam store 12"*12" 10000 2000 4
Guru dwara 12"*12" 10000 1993 4
Fire station 12"*12" 10000 1993 4
New godam 16"*16" 5000 1998 4
Manpur 12"*12" 15000 1970 4
Buniyadiganj (Manpur) 12"*12" 20000 1970 10
kharkhus 12"*12" 12000 2000 4
Delha 14"*14" 8000 2000 4
Chouk 12"*12" 3000 1993 4
Janta coloney 8"*8" 3000 2000 4
Hospital 12"*12" 4000 2000 4
Marghamau ganj 16"*16" 3000 1998 4
(Source: SPUR Cell)
Over Head Tanks/ Reservoirs: There are 2 reservoirs and 2 water tower / tank in Gaya.
Details of storage infrastructure with capacity are given in Table 6.4.
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Water Supply 6‐4
Table 6‐4: Details of Storage Infrastructure
S. No. Name Height (m) Capacity (gallon)
1 Azad Park OHT 30 1,00,000
2 Murali Hill Tower 50 3,50,000
3 Mangal Gauri
Reservoir
Bramhyoni Hill (2 nos.) 150
700000 (350000 each)
Dandibag Hill (2 nos.) 1700000 (850000 each)
4 Ramshila(Reservoir) 40 50000
(Source: Jal Parishad, Gaya Nagar Nigam & Draft Master Plan 2027)
6.6 WATER DISTRIBUTION ARRANGEMENTS
Water is distributed through gravity from overhead reservoirs. Since Gaya is at a higher
altitude than the water source, initially this water is to be pumped to the overhead
reservoirs. This pumping has been consuming a huge power supply, thus increasing the
financial burden on the local body.
The length of the distribution network is 70 Km. Distribution pipe lines varying from 75
mm to 600 mm dia pipe. The distribution network is divided in to 5 zones based on
coverage of drinking water supply. The average hours of pressurized supply per day to
each zone are 4 hours by reservoirs and 8 hours by direct pumping. Areas covered
under each of the five zones are following:
1) No Source Zone : Mustafabagh, New Karimganj, Aliganj, Manpur, Lakhi
Bagh, A.P.Colony, Badbeegha and Kedua
2) New Colonies : On Hill Nazat Academy to Bangali Negha, Ghewal Bigha to
Batha Akhada, and South Police Line Road.
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Water Supply 6‐5
3) Slum Area : (42 Slums) Saleempur, Gandhi Nagar
4) Covered Area : Nawada Road up to Block, up to Kukra
5) Low Pressure Area : Nauagadi, Nadrag Ganj, K.P. Road, Ramana,
Pitamaheshwar, Nagra ganj, Tekari Road.
6.7 WATER TREATMENT FACILITIES
Presently there is no water treatment plant available in the city. Water from
underground surface is pumped to water (Map 6.1). Bleaching powder is used as a
disinfectant for water purification. There is no conventional treatment plant for
treatment of water. Water supplied directly from ground.
6.8 PRESENT & FUTURE DEMAND AND SUPPLY GAPS
At present water is supplied at 40‐50 lpcd which is less than the desired minimum
standard for cities. According to the UDPFI guidelines, the desirable amount is about
135 liters /capita /day for cities. Therefore, infrastructure shall be planned to fulfil the
requirement at the rate of 135 lpcd.
According to the CPHEEO Guidelines, 135 liters /capita /day are required for the cities
with piped water and where sewerage system is existed. Since the sewerage system will
be laid in the city in near future, water demand of the city is assumed as 135 liters
/capita/ day.
To meet the current demand to serve the population of 463730 persons, 46.37 MLD
water is required at the rate of 100 lpcd. Since, the City has present supply of 20 MLD,
there is gap of 26.37 MLD in water supply (Table 6.7). In the future, water demand will
further increase with the increase in the population. To serve the population of 703250
persons till the year 2030, 94.93 MLD water will be required to supply. Thus additional
supply of 74.93 MLD is required by the year 2030.
Table 6‐5: Gap in Demand and Supply of Water
Year Estimated
population
Water Demand
(MLD)
Availability
(MLD)
Deficit
(MLD)
2011 463730 46.37 @100 LPCD 20.00 26.37
2021 576746 77.86 @135 LPCD ‐ 57.86
2031 703250 94.93 @135 LPCD ‐ 74.93
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Water Supply 6‐6
6.9 SWOT ANALYSIS
Strengths Weakness
Physiographic characteristics of the city
support the gravity flow of water
during distribution.
Topography of the town supports to do
rain water harvesting.
Gaya is located on Falgu river which is non‐
perennial rain fed river, hence cannot be
used for water supply
Distribution system is very old and need
replacement and renovation
Low efficiency of tariff collection
Opportunity Threats
Easy availability of funds from various
funding agencies including State and
Central Govt. grants under various
schemes.
Continuous depletion of ground water
Deteriorating quality of ground water
Absence of perennial source of water
6.10 ISSUES AND FINDINGS
Absence of perennial source of water and dependency on ground water.
40% coverage of water supply in city.
Limited water supply duration (4 Hrs by reservoirs and 8 Hrs by Direct Pumping).
Distribution network is very old, thus leading to high losses and contamination
of the water.
No treatment of water before supply. Only bleaching power is being used as
disinfectant.
Number of illegal municipal connections.
Inefficient collection of user charges.
No metered connections.
Inadequate staff (Only 10 % out of sanctioned staff).
6.11 SECTOR VISION, GOALS AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES
6.11.1 Sector Vision and Goals
“To provide the consumer an equitable, adequate and sustainable water supply”
To achieve the vision, certain goals have been set which has been shown in Table 6.6.
The whole city including slum areas will be covered with water supply network with the
rate of 100 lpcd by the year 2016. Provision of safe drinking water with 24x7, 135lpcd is
targeted to achieve till year 2021.
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Water Supply 6‐7
Table 6‐6: Goals and Service Level Benchmarking for Water Supply System
S.N. Indicators Benchmark
Present
Status
(2010‐2011)
Goals
Phase‐I
(2011‐16)
Phase‐II
(2016‐21)
Phase‐III
(2021‐30)
1 Coverage of Water Supply
Connections 100% 40‐45% 100%
‐ ‐
2 Per capita availability of
water at consumer end 135 LPCD 40 LPCD 100 LPCD 135 LPCD 135 LPCD
3 Extent of metering of
water connections 100% 0% 40 % 80% 100%
4 Extent of non revenue
water 20% 30‐40% 25% 20%
‐
5 Continuity of Water Supply 24 hrs 4‐ 8 hrs 16 ‐20
hrs
24 hrs ‐
6 Quality of Water Supplied 100% 70‐80 % 90 % 100% ‐
7 Efficiency in redressed of
customer complaints 80% 50 % 65 % 80%
8 Cost recovery in water
supply services 100% 40% 60% 80% 100%
9
Efficiency in collection of
water supply related
charges
90% 40% 70 %
6.11.2 Development Strategies
Strengthening of the existing system which is in dilapidated condition.
A comprehensive water supply augmentation scheme with detailed engineering
design shall be proposed with all required components including treatment of
water, construction of reservoirs, water tanks, pumping stations and distribution
system.
Ground water recharging through rain water harvesting, conserving water
bodies and controlling ground water extraction.
100% network coverage in the Phase‐I and the future geographical expansion of
the city will be covered in Phase‐II.
Water is targeted to be supplied @ 100 lpcd in Phase‐I and 135 lpcd will be
achieved in Phase‐II.
Efforts should be made to reduce water losses in transmission and distribution.
The contingency provision of 15‐20% to be made in account for the losses. New
system once installed will be with minimum transmission losses.
Recycling of treated waste water with separate lines for potable water and
recycled water for non drinking purposes in big hotels, industrial units, air
conditioning of large buildings, and irrigation of parks/green areas. For this, dual
pipe supply system shall be introduced.
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Water Supply 6‐8
All non‐residential buildings having a discharge of over 10,000 litres a day should
incorporate waste water recycling.
Non revenue water will be brought down to zero percent in phases through
provision of 100% metered pipe connection and removal of public stand posts.
O & M cost will be recovered through water charges and connection charges.
6.12 IDENTIFIED PROJECTS
Projects have been identified to be implemented phase wise to achieve the goals and
vision of equitable, adequate and sustainable water supply. Detailed projects identified
are presented in Table 6.7.
Table 6-7: Projects Identified for Water Supply System of Gaya
S. No.
Identified Projects
Phase‐I
(2011‐16)
Phase‐II
(2016‐21)
Phase‐III
(2021‐30)
Qty Qty Qty
1 Main W/S pipeline 10 km
2 Distribution W/S pipeline 58 km 20 km
3
Construction of underground tank, pump
house with 6 no. of pump sets (Raw
Water) 1
4 Filtration / treatment works 100 MLD LS
4
Overhead reservoirs (25 lakh capacity
each) (for treated water) 3 1
5 Pumps and pumping station LS LS
7 Underground reservoirs 2 1
9 O & M, Contingency Charges LS LS
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Sanitation & Sewerage i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
7 SANITATION AND SEWERAGE ......................................................................... 7‐1 7.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 7‐1 7.2 EXISTING STATUS ................................................................................................. 7‐1 7.3 HOUSEHOLD TOILETS ........................................................................................... 7‐1 7.4 MEANS OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL ............................................................................ 7‐2 7.5 PUBLIC TOILETS .................................................................................................... 7‐2 7.6 PRESENT & FUTURE DEMAND AND SUPPLY GAPS .............................................. 7‐2 7.7 SWOT ANALYSIS ................................................................................................... 7‐2 7.8 ISSUES AND FINDINGS ......................................................................................... 7‐3 7.9 VISION, GOALS AND DEVELOPEMNT STRATEGIES ............................................... 7‐3 7.9.1 Sector Vision and Goals ....................................................................................... 7‐3 7.9.2 Development Strategies ...................................................................................... 7‐4 7.10 IDENTIFIED PROJECTS .......................................................................................... 7‐4
List of Tables
Table 7.1: Goals and Service Level Benchmarking – Sewerage and Sanitation ............................ 7‐3 Table 7.2: Projects Identified for Sanitation and Sewerage for Gaya ........................................... 7‐4
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Sanitation & Sewerage 7‐1
7 SANITATION AND SEWERAGE
7.1 INTRODUCTION
Sanitation is important to have healthy and hygienic conditions in the town. Sanitation
is means of hygiene reflecting the quality of life of residents of any town. Sewerage, the
core element of physical infrastructure, determines the environmental status of any
settlement. Development of appropriate sewerage system with efficient treatment acts
as a prerequisite for facilitating balanced and harmonized development. Augmentation
of existing systems/ treatment facilities as well as adoption of new technologies of
waste treatment is now being focused to cover its total population under sewerage
network system.
7.2 EXISTING STATUS
At present there is lack of sanitation facilities in Gaya and no organised underground
sewerage system exists. In absence of sewerage system, waste water generated from
the households flows through open and closed drains and finally emptying into Falgu
River. Mixing of untreated waste water with storm water in drains allows drains to
overflow and emptying into river creating unhygienic conditions.
As per standard norms, waste water generated is 80% of the water supply. With this
approximately 37.1 MLD of waste water is generated per day in Gaya city.
7.3 HOUSEHOLD TOILETS
As per latest information collected from SPUR in 2010, out of the total 54224
households, 40% of the households have access to septic tank type of sanitary toilets.
Rest of the households are having insanitary toilets, using community toilets or
defecating in open.
Further as per Census 2001, 55% of the households were having water closets (sanitary
latrines), 27% were having insanitary latrines (pit & other latrines) and 18% were not
having latrines.
Thus above mentioned status of access to toilets in 2001 and 2010 shows that,
sanitation condition got deteriorated in Gaya city from 2001 to 2010 showing that a
special attention has to be given to improve the health and hygiene by improving
sanitation in city.
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Sanitation & Sewerage 7‐2
7.4 MEANS OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL
As mentioned earlier also, in absence of organised underground sewerage system,
waste water from households flows into open and closed drains of the town and finally
emptying into Falgu River. As per Census 2001, 88% of households were having access
to drains for waste water outlet of which 50% were connected to open drains and 38%
to closed drain. 12% of the households were not having access to drains and hence their
waste water was flowing outside on roads and in open spaces.
7.5 PUBLIC TOILETS
Public toilets are important to be provided on public places like commercial areas, near
government offices, bus stand etc. As per data provided by SPUR Cell, there are 5
public conveniences in Gaya in addition to 5 in slums which is less as compared to size
of the town.
7.6 PRESENT & FUTURE DEMAND AND SUPPLY GAPS
As per CPEEHO manual, sewage generated is considered to be 80% of the water supply.
Thus the estimated population of 463730 of 2011 will generate 37.1 MLD of sewage
whereas the projected population of 703250 for 2030 will generate 75.95 MLD of
sewage. Thus there is an urgent need of provision of 100% sanitary toilets and
development of organised underground sewerage system to maintain health and
hygiene.
7.7 SWOT ANALYSIS
Strengths Weakness
Increasing awareness among the people of using the sanitary type of latrine (septic tank type)
Topography of town supports the natural flow of sewerage in most of the parts of the city. And hence laying of sewerage lines will be cheaper and easier.
Lack of individual and community toilets.
Absence of sewerage system Connection of waste water outlet into
drains creates unhygienic condition
Opportunities Threats
Easy availability of funds from various funding agency including State and Central Govt. grants under various schemes.
Open defecation along open drains, water bodies and Falgu River.
Intermixing of waste water with storm water
Flowing of untreated waste water into Falgu.
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Sanitation & Sewerage 7‐3
7.8 ISSUES AND FINDINGS
Lack of sanitation facility in individual households as well as community toilets in
city leads to open defecation along open drains, water bodies and Falgu River
causing pollution.
As per data provided by SPUR in 2010, only 40% of households have access to
sanitary toilets.
No existing sewerage system
Household waste water flows into open and closed drains and finally enters into
Falgu River.
As per Census 2001, 12% of households were not even having access to drains
for their waste water outlet.
Intermixing of storm water and waste water into drains creates unhealthy
condition.
There is no provision of collection and treatment of waste water before entering
into the river because of which untreated waste enters into Falgu River.
7.9 VISION, GOALS AND DEVELOPEMNT STRATEGIES
7.9.1 Sector Vision and Goals
“To provide the city affordable and sustainable sanitation and
sewerage system to reach one and all to make city free from open
defecation and to provide healthy environment.”
To achieve the vision goals have been set which have been detailed in Table 7.1.
Table 7.1: Goals and Service Level Benchmarking – Sewerage and Sanitation
S.No. Indicators Benchmark
Present
Status
(2010‐2011)
Goals
Phase‐I (2011‐16)
Phase‐II (2016‐21)
Phase‐III (2021‐30)
1 Coverage of Toilets 100% 40% 100% ‐ ‐
2 Coverage of Sewerage Network Services
100% 0% 100% ‐ ‐
3 Collection Efficiency of Sewerage Network
100% ‐ 100% ‐ ‐
4 Adequacy of Sewage Treatment Capacity
100% ‐ 100% ‐ ‐
5 Quality of sewage treatment 100% ‐ ‐ ‐
6 Extent of reuse and recycling of sewage
20% ‐ 10% 10% ‐
7 Efficiency in redressed of customer complaints
80% ‐ 40% 80% 100%
8 Extent of cost recovery in sewage management
100% ‐ 40% 80% 100%
9 Efficiency in collection of sewerage charges
90% ‐ 40% 80% 100%
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Sanitation & Sewerage 7‐4
7.9.2 Development Strategies
Approach towards providing 100% access to toilets would be adopted to
eradicate open defecation.
A comprehensive sewerage network shall be laid as long term strategy. 100%
network coverage will be achieved in the Phase‐I (presently developed areas)
and future geographical expansion of the town will be covered under Phase‐II.
As a short term strategy, wastewater treatment plant should be installed on
major drain at suitable location wherein all other drains will also be connected
before emptying into Falgu River.
Considering the sizeable number of different types of non‐compatible toilets
existing in Gaya, there will be provisions of community toilet blocks particularly
in slums and EWS housing areas connected to sewerage system.
Access to sewerage network to all the households, community and public toilet
blocks will be ensured to avoid flowing of waste into open drains.
The sewerage network proposed will be a comprehensive system which will
ensure that all wastewater is collected, treated and disposed off easily.
For effective service delivery, the system will function in a decentralised manner
and also for ease of operation and maintenance.
Effort will be made to encourage pay and use public conveniences through PPP
arrangements.
Community toilets shall be maintained through community participation
Consultants recommend an integrated planning and implementation of water
supply‐drainage‐sewerage‐SWM to optimize the benefits including recycling and
reuse of water.
All non‐residential buildings having a discharge of over 10,000 litres a day should
incorporate waste water recycling.
7.10 IDENTIFIED PROJECTS
Detailed projects have been identified for phase wise development to achieve the set
goals and vision of healthy environment presented in Table 7.2.
Table 7.2: Projects Identified for Sanitation and Sewerage for Gaya
S.N. Identified Projects
Phase‐I(2011‐16)
Phase‐II (2016‐21)
Phase‐III(2021‐30)
Qty Qty Qty
1 Main Pipe line installation 20km
2 Secondary & Collector line 102km 26 km
3 Construction of treatment plant of 80 MLD (2 nos., 40 MLD each)
1 No. (40 MLD)
1 No. (40 MLD)
4 Community Toilets 5 5
5 Public Toilets 10 5
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Drainage i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
8 DRAINAGE ...................................................................................................... 8‐1 8.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 8‐1 8.2 NATURAL SLOPE OF TOWN .................................................................................. 8‐1 8.3 EXISTING DRAINAGE SYSTEM .............................................................................. 8‐1 8.4 EXISTING DRAINAGE SYSTEM .............................................................................. 8‐2 8.5 FLOOD PRONE AREA / WATER LOGGING AREAS ................................................. 8‐3 8.6 HOUSEHOLD ACCESSIBILITY TO DRAINS .............................................................. 8‐3 8.7 SWOT ANALYSIS ................................................................................................... 8‐4 8.8 KEY ISSUES AND CONCERNS ................................................................................ 8‐4 8.9 SECTOR VISION, GOALS AND STRATEGIES ........................................................... 8‐5 8.9.1 Sector Vision and Goals ....................................................................................... 8‐5 8.9.2 Development Strategies ...................................................................................... 8‐5 8.10 IDENTIFIED PROJECTS .......................................................................................... 8‐6
List of Tables
Table 8.1:Types of Drains ................................................................................................. 8‐1 Table 8.2: Major Drains of Gaya City ................................................................................ 8‐2 Table 8.3: Details of Nallah of Eastern and Western Zone of Gaya ................................. 8‐2 Table 8.4: Goals and Service Level Benchmarking –Storm water Drains ......................... 8‐5 Table 8.5: Identified Projects for Drainage System of Gaya ............................................. 8‐6
List of Figures
Figure 8.1: Household Wise Type of Connectivity for Waste Water ................................ 8‐4
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Drainage 8‐1
8 DRAINAGE
8.1 INTRODUCTION
Drainage is an important element of physical infrastructure and requires for flow of
storm water. Since urban expansion is inevitable, increased run‐off would require
remodeling of the existing drains as well as provision of new/supplementary drains.
Provision of drainage system in city requires special attention.
8.2 NATURAL SLOPE OF TOWN
Gaya city is dotted with hills on three sides viz. eastern, northern and southern.
Ramshila hill is located in the northern side of city. Southern part of the city covered
huge area under Brahmyoni and Mangla Gauri hills. Eastern part of the city also has
small hill ranges. Apart from these hills, Pretshila hill is located in north‐east of the city.
The slope of the city is towards river Falgu and slope of all spotted hills are towards city
areas and River Falgu. Central city area is almost plain and above the level of River
Falgu. The eastern part of city (Manpur) has undulating terrain. The slope of river is
towards north.
8.3 EXISTING DRAINAGE SYSTEM
About 40% of the existing road network of the city is covered with 60 km of drainage
network including both pucca and kutcha drains. Drainage network has been laid mostly
along all major roads in the form of open and covered drains. Details of various
classifications of drains are shown in Table 8.1.
Table 8.1:Types of Drains
Drain Type Length (Km)
Pucca Drain (Closed and Open) 46
Kutcha Drains 14
Primary Drains 23
Total length of Drains 60 (Source‐ SPUR Cell)
It can be observed that, around 60% of the area is devoid of
drainage system in Gaya. Approx. 77% of the total drains are
pucca drains. 23 kms of the total drainage network are primary
drains supposed to collect all the storm water of the town from
secondary and tertiary drains. But in absence of clear hierarchy
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Drainage 8‐2
of drains in town there are numbers of secondary and tertiary drains directly disposing
off into river.
There are six major drains collecting the storm water of the Gaya city. Lengths of major
drains/nallahs of city are shown in Table 8.2.
Table 8.2: Major Drains of Gaya City
Major Drains Length in Km
Kujapi Nallah 3.5
Karimgani Nallah 1
Katari Hill Road Nallah 1.5
Nallah discharging in the south of the town into Falgu River 5.2
Mansarv Nallah 2
Mashanghat Nallah 1.5
TOTAL 14.7 (Source: Draft Master Plan, 2027)
8.4 EXISTING DRAINAGE SYSTEM
Drainage network of Gaya is divided into two zones eastern and
western zones. These zones are divided by the collectorate. The
western zone is bounded by the road west to collectorate and
the areas on the eastern side of the collectorate and the dighi
tank road forms the part of eastern zone. There are around 72
open and 18 underground drains in the town. The drainage
system of Gaya is such that most of the water collected from
various drains gets discharged into Falgu River especially from
eastern zone. Few of the drains are disposed off into Kandi
Nawada and Kujapi Nallah in the west of Gaya and few are
disposed into open low lying areas.
The list of open & closed drains are given in Annexure I. The major nallah flowing in
eastern and western zone of the town with their area coverage and disposal point are
presented in Table 8.3.
Table 8.3: Details of Nallah of Eastern and Western Zone of Gaya
Zone Name of the Nallah Area Covered Discharge Point
Western Zone
Nallah around gandhi maidan, Swarajpuri Road Nallah, Masjid Road Nallah, Railway cinema Road Nallah, Payeen Nallah, south police Road nallah, Station Road Nallah, KP Road Nallah, Dhobi Road Nallah.
Ghewal Bigha, Police Line, Purani Godown, Makhlout Ganj, Kathokar around the Gandhi Maidan, Mohan Nagar
At south police side of Gandhi Maidan
Karimgunj Nallah White house, Anuragpuri colony, Shastri
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Drainage 8‐3
Zone Name of the Nallah Area Covered Discharge Point
nagar, Mustafa bad, chanakya puri
Katari hill Road Nallah Ashok Nagar, Bht Bigha, housing colony, Imalya chowk, shiv puri colony
Eastern Zone
Nallah in the south into Falgu River Kathokar, Bari Road, Durga bari Ramana, and Bajaj Road
Falgu River
Khawa Nallah South chand chourah Narayan Chowk
Mansarva Nallah Mangla Gauri, Brahmsat Nallah, Dakhin Darwaza and east of Bodh gaya Road
Falgu River
Mashanghat Nallah (Branch of Mansarv Nallah)
Khawa Nallah, Karsilli peher and vishnupad area
Falgu River
Nadraganj Nallah Nutan nagar, Jai prakash nagar, Bisar, Nawagarhi, and Nadar ganj
Falgu River
(Source: Draft Master Plan 2027)
8.5 FLOOD PRONE AREA / WATER LOGGING AREAS
Flooding occurs in all the low lying areas near Falgu River in wards 7, 8, 18, 19, 23, 24,
36 etc. Areas lying north of Dobhi road nala and north of central jail have no drainage
system and remains water logged. Gandhi Maidan to Kujapi nallah remains water
logged in rainy season. Further colonies on northern and southern areas such as
Manpur, Ghungadi Tad and Kumar colony have no drainage.
Thus absence of drainage system in substantial amount of area causes water logging
and water stagnation is a serious issue. In addition to that drain over flows due to
silting, solid waste disposal, clogging and encroachment by shopkeepers adds to the
problem of water logging.
8.6 HOUSEHOLD ACCESSIBILITY TO DRAINS
As per the Household Census of India 2001, in Gaya Municipal Corporation 88% of
household were having accessibility to waste water outlet into drains of which 57% are
connected to open drains and 43% were connected to closed drains. 12% of household
were not having accessibility to drains.
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Drainage 8‐4
Figure 8.1: Household Wise Type of Connectivity for Waste Water
8.7 SWOT ANALYSIS
Strengths Weakness
Most of the parts of Gaya have natural slope towards Falgu River. Thus allows easy flow of storm water in city.
Inadequate coverage and capacity of drains
Drains are clogged with garbage.
Water logging and flooding in number of wards.
Opportunities Threats
Easy availability of funds from various funding agencies including State and Central Govt. grants under various schemes.
Intermixing of untreated waste water along with storm water causes pollution and tends to spread infectious disease.
Open defecation along the open drains, nallahs and Falgu River cause unhygienic condition.
Untreated waste water falling into Falgu River.
8.8 KEY ISSUES AND CONCERNS
Intermixing of storm water and waste water and finally entering into Falgu River
without treatment.
Inadequate coverage of drains. Only 40% of city is covered with drainage facility.
Water logging and flooding in low lying areas such as ward 7, 8, 18, 19, 23, 24
and 36.
Silting and clogging of drains due to uncontrolled solid waste dumping into it.
Encroachment on nallahs, water bodies and blocking of natural drainage
channels is a cause of concern.
Falgu river have turned into nallahs and have become polluted.
Open defecation along open drains/nallahs and river causes unhygienic
conditions in town.
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Drainage 8‐5
8.9 SECTOR VISION, GOALS AND STRATEGIES
8.9.1 Sector Vision and Goals
“To develop an effective and comprehensive drainage network
covering the entire city to prevent flooding and inundation.”
To achieve the vision for the drainage system of the town, certain goals have been set.
Phase wise goals set for various indicators showing the drainage system of the town
have been detailed in Table 8.4
Table 8.4: Goals and Service Level Benchmarking –Storm water Drains
S.N. Indicators BenchmarkPresent Status (2010‐2011)
Goals
Phase‐I (2011‐16)
Phase‐II (2016‐21)
Phase‐III (2021‐30)
1
Coverage of storm water drainage network
100% 40% 100% (In developed
area)
100% for Future
Geographical Growth)
2
Incidence of water logging /flooding
0%
Water logging areas‐ wards 7, 8, 18, 19, 23, 24 and 36 and other
areas along Falgu River
100% Controlled
‐
8.9.2 Development Strategies
Repairing and strengthening of existing drains.
To convert open and kutcha drains into covered and pucca drains will avoid
silting and blockage of drains due to waste dumping into open drains and open
defecation along drains.
100% network coverage will be achieved with the adequate capacity in the first
phase (presently developed area) and future geographical expansion of the
town will be covered under phase‐II.
Water logging especially in low lying areas will be taken area on priority.
Consultants recommend an integrated planning and implementation of water
supply‐drainage‐sewerage‐SWM to optimize the benefits including recycling and
reuse of water.
Installation of waste treatment plant at suitable locations to avoid emptying the
untreated waste water into river as a short term measure.
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Drainage 8‐6
8.10 IDENTIFIED PROJECTS
To achieve the set goals and to fulfil the vision, detailed projects have been identified to
improve the drainage system of the Gaya city are presented in Table 8.5.
Table 8.5: Identified Projects for Drainage System of Gaya
S.N. Identified Projects Phase‐I (2011‐16)
Phase‐II (2016‐21)
Phase‐III (2021‐30)
Qty Qty Qty
1 Strengthening of existing drains 46 kms
2 Construction of Main Drain 30 kms
3 Secondary and Tertiary Drains 180 kms 40 kms
4 Construction of Waste Water Treatment Plant of 10 MLD capacity each
2 1
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Solid Waste Management i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
9 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ........................................................................ 9‐1 9.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 9‐1 9.2 EXISTING STATUS ................................................................................................. 9‐1 9.2.1 Quantity of Waste Generated and Collected ...................................................... 9‐1 9.2.2 Transportation and Disposal of Waste ................................................................ 9‐2 9.3 DEMAND AND SUPPLY GAP ................................................................................. 9‐2 9.4 SWOT ANALYSIS ................................................................................................... 9‐2 9.5 ISSUES AND FINDINGS ......................................................................................... 9‐3 9.6 SECTOR VISION, GOALS AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES ................................. 9‐3 9.6.1 Sector Vision and Goals ....................................................................................... 9‐3 9.6.2 Development Strategies ...................................................................................... 9‐4 9.7 PROJECTS IDENTIFIED .......................................................................................... 9‐5
List of Tables
Table 9‐1:Type and Number of Vehicles present in GMC ................................................ 9‐2 Table 9‐2: Goals and Service Level Benchmarking –Solid Waste Management .............. 9‐3 Table 9‐3: Identified Projects for SWM ............................................................................ 9‐5
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Solid Waste Management 9‐1
9 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
9.1 INTRODUCTION
Solid Waste Management is an important aspect to be taken care for creating health
and hygienic conditions in city. Spreading of waste here and there all around the city
creates filthy situation and reflects poor picture of the city. Thus it is important to
organize the various aspects collection, transportation and disposal of waste to make
the city clean. This chapter explains the existing solid waste management system, issues
and findings, future requirements, strategies to fulfill the future requirements and
projects identified to improve the solid waste management.
9.2 EXISTING STATUS
9.2.1 Quantity of Waste Generated and Collected
As per latest information collected from SPUR Cell, the waste collected per day in Gaya
is 250 MT/day and efficiency of waste collection is 90%, with which the waste
generation works out to be 275 MT/day. Estimated population for Gaya city in 2011 is
463730, with which the waste generation works out to be 0.59 kg/capita/day. Whereas
as per CPEEHO Manual, for size of city like Gaya, the waste generation estimated is 0.3‐
0.4 kg/capita/day.
As the waste generation estimated by SPUR Cell is higher, therefore, for planning
purposes the waste generation is estimated as per 0.59kg/capita/day. Thus for the
target year 2030, with projected population of 703250, the waste generation works out
to be 415 MT/day.
Waste Collection System and Infrastructure
As per SPUR, presently 25% of the waste is being
collected from households; rest of the waste is either
being collected from dustbins or from street sweeping
by which 10% of the waste remains uncollected and
spreads here and there around the city. Again only 20%
of the waste collected is being segregated that is
mainly being done by rag pickers. Presently 230 dustbins are present in Gaya city and
waste is being collected by 240 Sweepers. For solid waste management of 7 wards and
16 major streets of Gaya, the contract has been given to Ramky Infrastructure and rest
of the 46 wards has been taken care by Gaya Municipal Corporation themselves.
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Solid Waste Management 9‐2
9.2.2 Transportation and Disposal of Waste
Collected waste is being transported with the help of the
vehicles available in city and being disposed off in any
vacant land. There is no sanitary disposal system in place.
As per information provided by SPUR, sanitary landfill site
has been identified at Panchvati Akhada of 5 acres and at
Naili of 23 acres. Details of the vehicles present in Gaya, for
transportation of waste is shown in Table 9.1.
Table 9‐1:Type and Number of Vehicles present in GMC
S. N. Vehicle Available for SWM Quantity in Numbers Capacity
1 Hand Trolley 106 30 kg
2 Hand Rickshaw 53 25kg
3 Tractor 4 2800 kg
4 Dumper 4 200 monn
5 Loader 3 40 cft
6 Small Loader 1 30 cft
7 Tempo 17 25 cft
8 Concovex 3 2000 ltr.
9 Foggier 4 5 ltr/1/2 hr
10 Desert Machine 2 7.5 hp & 5 hp
11 Tanker 6 2500 ltr
12 Roller 1 5 ton
Total 204 (Source: SPUR Cell)
9.3 DEMAND AND SUPPLY GAP
As mentioned in earlier section, estimated population for Gaya city in 2011 is 463730
and the waste generation is 0.59kg/capita/day as per information collected from SPUR.
Whereas as per CPEEHO Manual, for size of city like Gaya, the waste generation
estimated is 0.3‐0.4kg/capita/day.
As the waste generation estimated by SPUR Cell is higher, therefore, for planning
purposes the quantity of waste generated is calculated as per 0.59kg/capita/day. Thus
for the target year 2030, with projected population of 703250, the waste generation
works out to be 415MT/day.
9.4 SWOT ANALYSIS
Strengths Weakness
Availability of land for development of scientific solid waste disposal site.
Private sector involvement exists for
Partial door to door collection 20% waste is being segregated mainly
by rag pickers.
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Solid Waste Management 9‐3
Solid waste management in few wards and major roads.
Inefficient collection and transportation of waste
Dumping of solid waste on available open spaces.
Opportunities Threats
Easy availability of funds from various funding agencies including State and Central Govt. grants under various schemes.
Absence of scientific disposal of waste Absence of scientific disposal and
segregation of biomedical waste.
9.5 ISSUES AND FINDINGS
At present partial door to door collection is in place.
Partial secondary collection of waste, due to which waste gets spread here and
there in city creating filthy condition.
Dumping of waste on road sides, drains and river chokes the drains and pollute
the Falgu River.
Only 20% of the waste is being segregated which mainly includes the waste
collected by scavengers.
Lack of waste management infrastructure like number of dustbins, transfer
stations and transportation facilities.
Dumping of waste on vacant lands.
Absence of scientific disposal of biomedical waste
Absence of technology for scientific disposal such as sanitary landfill site for
disposal of solid waste.
9.6 SECTOR VISION, GOALS AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES
9.6.1 Sector Vision and Goals
“To achieve environment friendly and scientific waste
management practices.”
To achieve the vision, certain goals have been set to streamline the implementation of
waste management practices which are shown in Table 9.2.
Table 9‐2: Goals and Service Level Benchmarking –Solid Waste Management
S.N. Indicators Benchmark
Present
Status
(2010‐2011)
Goals
Phase‐I
(2011‐16)
Phase‐II
(2016‐21)
Phase‐III
(2021‐30)
1
Household level
coverage of SWM
services
100% 25% 100% 100% 100%
2 Efficiency of 100% 90% 100% 100% 100%
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Solid Waste Management 9‐4
S.N. Indicators Benchmark
Present
Status
(2010‐2011)
Goals
Phase‐I
(2011‐16)
Phase‐II
(2016‐21)
Phase‐III
(2021‐30)
collection of solid
waste
3 Extent of segregation
of solid waste 100% 20% 100% 100% 100%
4 Extent of solid waste
recovered 80% 0%
5
Extent of scientific
disposal of solid
waste
100% 0% 100% 100% 100%
6
Efficiency in
redressed of
customer complaints
80% 90% ‐ ‐ ‐
7
Extent of cost
recovery in SWM
services
100% 0% 40% 80% 100%
8
Efficiency in
collection of user
charges
90% 10% 40% 80% 90%
9.6.2 Development Strategies
Door to door collection should be practiced in entire town.
Local body should make sincere efforts to ensure 100% segregation at source.
Covered vehicles should be used for transportation of waste to avoid spreading
of waste while transferring.
Manual handling of waste should be reduced and adequate safety measures
shall be taken by sanitary workers.
Scientific disposal of waste shall be practiced like development of sanitary
landfill site shall be done on priority.
Waste to energy projects and compost plants are strongly recommended as
soon as the garbage reaches the threshold to support such projects on PPP
basis.
Entire SWM system shall be reorganized and adequate provisions have been
proposed to ensure best practices of collection, segregation, transportation and
scientific disposal are adopted for complete operation including cost recovery.
NGOs, environmental organizations should be involved to raise awareness of
better SWM practices right from collection to disposal.
IEC campaigns to be initiated for awareness among residents especially among
urban poor and slum dwellers towards better SWM Practices.
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Solid Waste Management 9‐5
9.7 PROJECTS IDENTIFIED
To achieve the goals set to improve the quality of life of the residents of Gaya, detailed
projects have been identified for improved solid waste management systems which are
detailed in Table 9.3
Table 9‐3: Identified Projects for SWM
S.N. Projects Phase‐I (2011‐16)
Phase‐II (2016‐21)
Phase‐III (2021‐30)
1
Solid Waste Management
(Operational Cost from Collection
to Disposal)
‐ ‐ ‐
2 Vehicles and Equipments ‐ ‐ ‐
a) Community Bins 420 420 210
b)
Closed Trailers for Waste Storage
Depot 35 35 17
c)
Containers for domestic hazardous
waste 15 15 9
b) Containerized Handcarts 280 280 140
c) Containerized Tricycle 150 150 75
d) Seamless handcart for silt removal 181 181 92
e)
Asphalt/Concrete of Flooring at the
waste storage Depot 8 8 4
f) Dumper 3 3 2
g) Tractors/Trailers/Trippers 3 3 2
h) Small Van 4 4 2
i) Roller 2 1 1
j) Fogging Machine 2 2 2
k) Bulldozers 3 3 1
l) Loaders 2 2 2
m) Excavators 2 2 1
n) Compactors 3 3 1
o) Water Tankers 5 5 2
3 Landfill site development ‐ ‐ ‐
4 Miscellaneous ‐ ‐ ‐
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Roads and Transportation i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
10 ROADS AND TRANSPORTATION ................................................................. 10‐1 10.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 10‐1 10.2 REGIONAL LINKAGE TO THE CITY .................................................................... 10‐1 10.3 EXISTING ROAD NETWORK OF GAYA CITY ...................................................... 10‐1 10.4 TRAVEL CHARACTERISTICS .............................................................................. 10‐3 10.5 TRAFFIC CHARACTERISTICS ............................................................................. 10‐3 10.6 TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE ...................................................................... 10‐4 10.7 STREET LIGHTING ............................................................................................ 10‐4 10.8 ISSUES AND FINDINGS .................................................................................... 10‐5 10.9 SWOT ANALYSIS .............................................................................................. 10‐5 10.10 SECTOR VISION AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES ......................................... 10‐6 10.10.1 Vision .............................................................................................................. 10‐6 10.10.2 Development Strategies ................................................................................. 10‐6 10.11 IDENTIFIED PROJECTS ..................................................................................... 10‐6 List of Tables Table 10‐1: Major Roads within the City ........................................................................ 10‐2 Table 10‐2: Surface Wise Road Length ........................................................................... 10‐2 Table 10‐3: Registered Vehicles, 2009: Gaya Municipal Corporation ............................ 10‐3 Table 10‐4: Projects Identified for Roads and Transportation ....................................... 10‐6
List of Maps
Map 10.1: Existing Roads & Transportation Infrastrcuture Map 10.2: Proposed Roads & Transportation Infrastructure
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Roads and Transportation 10‐1
10 ROADS AND TRANSPORTATION
10.1 INTRODUCTION
Transport infrastructure forms the backbone of any economy and plays an important
role in the development of a city. A well planned road network accompanied by
efficient transport system is the key to the growth of the town. It not only brings down
the aggregate cost of intra‐urban mobility, but also optimizes agregate travel time
spent in performing innumerable units of urban activities. The objectives to study the
road and transportion are to understand and analyze the present scenario of the
system, its potentials and scope of development to make it reliable, efficient and
affordable system.
10.2 REGIONAL LINKAGE TO THE CITY
Gaya is will connected with the regional road network within the state and to various
materopolis in country. Gaya city is regionally connected with Patna via Jahanabad
through NH‐83 towards the north of Gaya. Further Gaya is connected to Aurangabad,
Sasaram to Delhi though NH‐2 which meets NH‐83 (passing from Gaya City) at Dobhi.
Also Gaya is connected to Kolkatta by SH‐8 and by NH‐2. Regional Connectivity of Gaya
is represented in Map 2.3 (Chapter‐2).
Gaya is also well connected to metropolis New Delhi, Kolkata and Mumbai through
broad gauge railway line. It is the second most important station in Bihar after Patna.
Gaya is directly connected to Guwahati and Chennai also. Gaya is also connected
through other two broad gauge rail lines to Patna and Kiul showing fairly good regional
rail connectivity of the city.
Gaya has one International Airport. Gaya Airport is the only international airport in
Bihar and Jharkhand both. It is an international airport connected to Colombo, Sri Lanka
through two airline operators; Bangkok, Thailand; Singapore, and Bhutan. Gaya Airport
is served by Indian Airlines for domestic flights and Sri Lankan Airlines, Mihin Lanka,
Drukair, Jet airways and Indian Airlines for international flights.
10.3 EXISTING ROAD NETWORK OF GAYA CITY
National Highways and State Highways passes from the Gaya city. (Map No. 10.1) Gaya
is well connected by road network with surrounding areas through major roads of the
city. NH‐83 passes through the heart of the city connects Gaya to Patna via Jahanabad
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Roads and Transportation 10‐2
on the north of the city. Further NH‐83 connects the Gaya to Bodhgaya and to
Aurangabad and Sasaram through NH‐2. NH‐83 meets NH‐2 at Dobhi.
Sikaria Mod towards Bodhgaya (Left) and Falgu Bridge towards Manpur (Right)
Besides above, other important road of the Gaya city connects it to Sherghati via
Swarajpuri Road and Jail Road of the GMC area. Gaya city also connected to
International Airport by above mentioned road. SH‐8 and SH‐70 passes through the city
connects Gaya to Nawadah and Fatehpur respectively. Other important links inside the
GMC area are mentioned in Table 10.1.
Table 10‐1: Major Roads within the City
Collectorate Road Ramsagar Road Church Road
Jail Road Station Road Swarajpuri Road
Vishnupad Temple Road Mangla Gauri Road Koiwari Road
Jai Prakash Jharna Road Jagjivan Road A.P. Colony Road
D.M.Residence Road South Police Line Road Tikari Road
As per Gaya Draft Master Plan 2027, 164 Ha of land covered with roads and
transportation. It includes National Highway, State Highway, Other Roads and transport
infrastructure like bus stand, bus depot etc.
Total road length in Gaya Municipal Area is 128 km out of which 50 km is surfaced
(Pucca) roads and 78 km is unsurfaced (kutcha) road, details of which are shown in
Table 10.2.
Table 10‐2: Surface Wise Road Length
Road Surface Length (kms) Percentage
Cement Concrete 28 56%
WBM 12 24%
BT 10 20%
Surfaced Road 50 39%
Un surfaced Road 78 61%
Total (Surfaced +Unsurfaced) 128 100 (Source: SPUR Cell & Infrastructure Benchmark Report, GMC)
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Roads and Transportation 10‐3
The road network in the inner city/old city area consists of narrow carriage way due to
encroachments along the road. Katari Road, Tikari Road, Riverside Road, Jail Road,
Ander Gaya Road, Station Road, G.B Road and Nawada Road are main roads which cater
to most of the traffic of the town. Width of the roads varies from 3.5m to 12m. Parking
along the roads due to commercial activities further reduces the carriageway or
effective space available for movement of traffic.
The major intersections in the city are Sikaria Mod, Collectorate Chowk, Chowk Area,
Gaya College Mod, Swarajpuri Mod, Ghughri Tad Mod, Ghewal Mod, Vishnupad Mod,
Bus Stand Chowk, Station Mod, New Godam Road Mod etc.
These junctions are mainly located in the core of the city and most of the time remains
congested with traffic. Existing road network highlighting important road, intersections,
transport infrastructure etc are represented in Map 10.1.
10.4 TRAVEL CHARACTERISTICS
Non‐motorized transport plays an important role for
intracity movement especially bicycle, cycle‐rickshaw.
According to the primary survey conducted in GMC in
June 2007 total number of trips generated per day in
Gaya is 1130 with an average trip length of 2km.
Approximately, 74% of trips are generated for work
purpose and majority of people prefers to walk (41%).
The share of public transport i.e. bus is almost negligible
(2%). Cycle is the most preffered mode of conveyance. Cycle and walk together is the
modal choide for 79% of the households.
10.5 TRAFFIC CHARACTERISTICS
As mentioned earlier, cycle, cycle rickshaw and pedestrians are important components
of the composition of traffic in Gaya. Further in motorized vehicle two wheelers is the
main modal choice. Also, as per household survey conducted by GMC in June 2007,
maxium households 71% owns bicycle followed by two wheelers (26%). Total number
of vehicles registered in Gaya Municipal Area is 135027 till March 2010, modewise
details of which are shown in Table 10.3.
Table 10‐3: Registered Vehicles, 2009: Gaya Municipal Corporation
S.N. Vehicles Categories Total no. of Registered Vehicle (Upto March 2010)
1. Truck 5930
2 Bus 1723
3 Car 4341
4 Taxi 2798
5 Zeep 3357
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Roads and Transportation 10‐4
S.N. Vehicles Categories Total no. of Registered Vehicle (Upto March 2010)
6 Tempo 6146
7 Two Wheeler 97268
8 Tractor 6812
9 Trailor 6288
10 Others 364
Grand Total 135027(Source: RTO Office, Gaya, 2009‐2010)
Table 10.3 shows that maxium number of registered vehicles is two wheelers followed
by tractor, trailer, tempo and truck.
Further as per Draft Master Plan 2027 referring to primary survey conduscted by GMC
in June 2007, for traffic volume on major roads of the city shows that highest traffic
volume is present on Tekari Road followed by Nawada Gaya Road, Ramana Road, Chand
Chauraha and Station Road whereas volume of traffic is least on Medical to AT gate
road stretch.
10.6 TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE
Transport infrastructure plays an important role in the economic development of the
city and improves the overall traffic condition of the city. There are 3 Bus Stands in
Gaya. These are situated along Gaya – Bodhgay highway (Sikaria Mod), Gandhi Maidan
and on Gaya College Road. The city has regional bus service station run by state
government, and private buses. Direct bus service is available from the city to almost all
the important towns and cities of the state as well as other states of Eastern India like
Ranchi, Jamshedpur, Dhanbad, Bokaro, Kolkata, Rourkela etc and Yashpur, Ambikapur
etc of Chhattisgarh. There is no truck terminal facility available in the city, due to which
all the trucks comes to the city does loading and unloading on major commercial roads
of the city creating congestion. In addition to that, there are no organised off street
parking spaces available in city, due to which vehicles park along the roads further
reducing the effective space available on the roads. Railway station is present in GMC
Area on station road.
10.7 STREET LIGHTING
Street lighting is an important infrastructure especially from safety and social security
point of view. There is general inadequacy of street lights in Gaya town. Only 39% (50
kms) of the roads are having street lights showing poor lighting condition in town. There
is lack of maintenance of street lighting in GMC area wherever provided. Only few
major roads and intersections have facilities of street lighting and high masts lamp
posts. There are 1500 bulbs and 20 high masts light in the town.
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Roads and Transportation 10‐5
10.8 ISSUES AND FINDINGS
Passing of National Highway and State highway from the heart of the city puts
high pressure on the city roads, as through traffic also passes from the city.
Gaya is well connected with road, rail and air network.
Inadequate road width varies from 3.5 to 12m of major roads of the city.
Only 39% of the roads are surfaced, still 61% of the roads are unsurfaced kutcha
roads.
Poor maintenance of existing roads.
Lack of organised parking spaces.
Onstreet parking and enchroachment reduces the actual space available for
movement of traffic.
Lack of traffic management in the city viz. traffic signalisation etc.
Cycle and pedestrians are the major composition of the traffic in Gaya city.
Inadequate pedestrian footpaths/sidewalks on major roads.
In absence of truck terminal facility, loading, unloading activities and parking
takes place on important road of the city creating congestion.
Lack of public transport available in Gaya.
Lack of light poles on roads and at intersections recuding the safety and social
security in town.
10.9 SWOT ANALYSIS
Strengths Opportunities
Gaya is well connected to major cities with road, rail and air network.
NH‐83, SH‐8 and SH‐70 passes through the city connecting the city with regional road network.
Railway station is present in Gaya city connected to all major cities.
Improved connectivity and public transport will increase tourist and commercial activities and hence improve the economy.
Improved transoport infrastructure such as bus terminal, truck terminal will help improving traffic congestion and increase commercial acitivities in city.
Weakness Threats
Inefficient public transport system Inadequate road widths and higher
percentage of unsurfaced roads in city.
Absence of footpaths. Lack of parking facilities. Absence of Truck Terminal. Poor traffic management system.
Due to National Highway and State Highway passing through the city causes accidents.
Absence of sidewalks/footpaths causes accidents.
Absence of parking spaces and truck terminal creates congestion and pollution in city.
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Roads and Transportation 10‐6
10.10 SECTOR VISION AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES
10.10.1 Vision
“To create safe, efficient, reliable and affordable
transportation system for the city”
10.10.2 Development Strategies
Development of outer ring road will reduce the pressure of through traffic on
city roads.
Upgradation, strengthening of existing roads and development of missing road
links in the present road network will be taken up in Phase‐I, will smoothen the
traffic inside the city.
Development of new roads for future expansion of the city will be taken up in
Phase‐II.
Organised parking spaces near major activity centers will be developed.
Upgradation of bus terminal and development of truck terminal will improve the
economic activities in the city.
Improvement of intersections, installation of traffic signals, signages etc. shall be
done on priority to improve the traffic management in city.
Development of sidewalks/footpaths and foot over bridges shall be developed
on priority to improve the pedestrain safety and improve vehicular traffic
movement.
Comprehensive Mobility Plan for the city shaould be developed in Phase‐I for
planned development of the roads and transportation which is a key
infrastructure for the city.
Provision of new lighting system for the non‐lit areas and new areas.
Emphasis should be given for promoting non‐conventional energy resources
such as solar energy to meet a part of the power demand for uses like street
light.
10.11 IDENTIFIED PROJECTS
Detailed projects identified to improve the traffic and transportation system of the city
to serve the traffic till 2030 are presented in Table 10.4.
Table 10‐4: Projects Identified for Roads and Transportation
S.N. Major Projects Identified Phase‐I(2011‐16)
Phase‐II (2016‐21)
Phase‐III(2021‐30)
Qty Qty Qty
1 Upgradation of bus terminal 4 Nos. ‐ ‐ 2 Development of truck terminal 1 No. ‐ ‐ 3 Construction of footpaths 30 20 ‐
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Roads and Transportation 10‐7
4 Parking lots 2 Nos. 3 Nos. ‐ 5 Passenger Sheds 6 Nos. 4 Nos. ‐
6 Upgradation &strengthening of roads and development of missing links 58.5 kms 19.5 kms ‐
7 Construction of RCC Bridge 1 No. ‐ ‐ 8 Construction of ring road ‐ 10kms ‐ 9 New road construction ‐ 6kms ‐ 10 Repairing of city roads 30kms 20kms ‐
11 Signage, Road Markings and Pedestrian Crossing etc. 11 5 ‐
12 Foot Over Bridge 1No. 1No. ‐
13 Junction and Traffic signal improvement 8 Nos. 8Nos. ‐
14 Comprehensive Mobility Plan ‐ ‐ ‐ 15 Street Light Poles (with solar bulbs) 1373 Nos.
16 Street Light Poles (Conventional) 1373 Nos.
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Social Infrastructure i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
11 SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE .......................................................................... 11‐1 11.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 11‐1 11.2 EXISTING STATUS ............................................................................................ 11‐1 11.2.1 Education ........................................................................................................ 11‐1 11.2.2 Health .............................................................................................................. 11‐2 11.2.3 Other Community Facilities ............................................................................ 11‐2 11.3 ISSUES AND FINDINGS .................................................................................... 11‐3 11.4 SECTOR VISION AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES ......................................... 11‐3 11.4.1 Vision .............................................................................................................. 11‐3 11.4.2 Development Strategies ................................................................................. 11‐3 11.5 PROJECTS IDENTIFIED ..................................................................................... 11‐4 List of Tables Table 11.1: Existing Educational Facilities in Gaya, 2010 ............................................................ 11‐2 Table 11.2: Projects Identified for Social Infrastructure ............................................................. 11‐4
List of Maps
Map 11‐1: Social Infrastructure
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Social Infrastructure 11‐1
11 SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE
11.1 INTRODUCTION
Social infrastructure plays an important role to provide quality of life to the residents of
the city. The effectiveness of social infrastructure in achieving the objective of city
development plan would depend upon its capacity to contribute to improvement in the
quality of life, enhanced self‐dependency and city’s sustainability. The level of social
infrastructure shall aim the creation of livable city through reducing the sense of
alienation among the residents with less dependence on other settlements for basic
infrastructure. Social Infrastructure in Gaya city area caters to the demand and
requirements of the city as well as its neighbouring areas.
11.2 EXISTING STATUS
11.2.1 Education
Education is an important factor influencing the quality of life of the people and future
development of an area. It empowers them with skills and knowledge and helps them
to better lead their life and to access best of the employment opportunities available in
the market. This in turn will impact the work force participation rate and economy of
the area. There are 117 primary schools, 52 middle schools, 15 inter schools and 4 high
schools to serve the population of the Gaya town as well surrounding small towns and
villages, which is shown in Table 11.1. Some of the schools in Gaya are named as Zilla
School, Nav Sthapit Zilla, Rajkiya Kanya Uchch Vidyalaya, Mahavir Inter School, Tea
Model Inter School, and Shaeed Inter School etc.
There are 5 colleges for higher education within
city including 1 women college such as Gaya
College, Anurag Memorial College, Jagjivan
College, Mirza Ghalib College and Gautam Mahila
College for women. There colleges are located in
radius of 5‐10 kms from most of the areas of
Gaya city. Anugraha Narayan Magadh College
and Hospital (ANMMCH) is reputated institution in Gaya for medical. Apart from
medical there are few colleges for Engineering in Gaya. In addition there is one
industrial training institute in Gaya. Major educational institutes are spatially
represented on Map 11.1.
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Social Infrastructure 11‐2
Table 11.1: Existing Educational Facilities in Gaya, 2010
S.N. Educational Facilities Institutes
Nos.
1 Primary 117
2 Middle 52
3 Inter School 15
4 High School 4
5 Colleges 5
6 Medical College 2
7 Polytechnic 1
8 ITI 1 (Source: Draft Master Plan 2027)
11.2.2 Health
Gaya city has got six major hospitals namely Lady Algin hospital, Pilgrim hospital,
leprosy hospital, Anugrah Narayan Maghad Medical College, Communicable Disease
Hospital, Godavari and Sadar PHC. In addition to that there are number of allopathic,
ayurvedic and homeopathic and other dispensaries and private nursing homes of
various specializations in Gaya. There is 1 veterinary hospital present in Gaya.
Presently, as per UDPFI guidelines these health facilities are insufficient to serve the
population of Gaya city. In Gaya, most common diseases are fever, malaria, syphilis,
tuberculosis and gastroenteritis. These are mostly water borne diseases. Untreated
water and malnutrition are main causes of such disease. Health facilities available in
Gaya are spatially represented in Map 11.1.
11.2.3 Other Community Facilities
1. Police Station: There are eight police stations in Gaya town named as Kotwali
Thana, Civil Lines Thana, Delha Thana, Chandauti Thana, Medical College Thana,
Rampur Thana, Mufasil Thana and Buniyadganj Thana.
2. Fire Fighting: There is one fire station in Gaya which serves the whole district.
Firewater hydrants are located at four location in Gaya named as Dandibagh,
Panchayati Akhada, Azad Park and Municipal Store. Fire station in Gaya is
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Social Infrastructure 11‐3
provided with 5 fire tender, 1 water hoiser, 1 foam tender, 1 emergency rescue
tender, 1 portable pump, 1 fire hydrant within primises and 1 in Dandibagh.
3. Post Offices: There are three post offices in town, 1 head office at city level, 1 at
railway station and 1 at Buniyadganj to serve population of Gaya.
4. Parks, Gardens and Open Spaces: Area under parks and gardens is 20 acre and
area under open spaces is 5 acre.
5. Other Community Facilities: There is 1 stadium, 6 cinema halls, 4 auditoriums, 2
public libraries and 2 reading rooms located in Gaya Town.
Khel Parisar and Gimnasium Hall in Gaya city
11.3 ISSUES AND FINDINGS
There is lack of professional and vocational training institutions in Gaya.
There are lack of parks and playgrounds.
There is lack of recreational facilities such as indoor stadium and recreational
centers.
There is lack of community/multipurpose halls for organizing various socio‐
cultural activities.
Present fire fighting facilities are inadequate.
There is requirement of nightshelters.
Cremation grounds are not well developed as per requirement.
Welcome gate shall be developed for identification of the town.
11.4 SECTOR VISION AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES
11.4.1 Vision
“To provide adequate social infrastructure including educational,
health, recreational and other community facilities to enhance quality
of life of the residents of Gaya”.
11.4.2 Development Strategies
Development of reacreational facilities like sports complex, indoor stadiums and
other recreational centers.
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Social Infrastructure 11‐4
City level park, neighbourhood parks and playground shall be developed to increase the green and open spaces.
Health facilities for specialized diseases shall be developed. A complex may be developed having schools / technical institutes / colleges /
research centre with hostel and auxiliary housing to cater the needs of Gaya and
also of surrounding areas.
Providing infrastructural facilities like advanced equipped library, laboratory, and computers to schools in existing schools.
Training institutes/vocational training centers for skilled manpower for various
sectors like industry, trade and service sectors including telecom, retail,
hospitality, health insurance and automobiles.
Community/multipurpose halls shall be developed for various performing
community activities.
4 Welcome Gates in Gaya shall be developed as identity of Gaya city.
Upgradation of cremation ground shall be done.
Fire extinguishing facilities shall be enhanced in the town. Nighshelters should be developed for houseless pavement dwellers.
11.5 PROJECTS IDENTIFIED
Projects have been identified to improve the social infrastructure in the city to make
the city self sustainable and livable, which are detailed in Table 11.2.
Table 11.2: Projects Identified for Social Infrastructure
S.No. Major Projects Identified
Phase‐I
(2011‐16)
Phase‐II
(2016‐21)
Phase‐III
(2021‐30)
Qty (Nos.) Qty (Nos.) Qty (Nos.)
1 Community Hall /Multipurpose Hall 4 3 3
2 Recreational Centers 1 1 1
3 City Park 1 1
4 Neighbourhood Park 5 5 5
5 Night Shelter 1 1 2
6 Fire Station 2 1
7 Upgradation of Cremation Ground 4 2 2
8 Welcome Gate 2 1 1
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Basic Services to Urban Poor i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
12 BASIC SERVICES TO URBAN POOR .............................................................. 12‐1 12.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 12‐1 12.2 EXISTING STATUS ............................................................................................ 12‐1 12.2.1 Notified Slums in Gaya .................................................................................... 12‐1 12.2.2 General Characteristics of Slums in GMC ....................................................... 12‐2 12.2.3 Land Ownership/ Tenure Status ..................................................................... 12‐3 12.3 URBAN BASIC SERVICES IN SLUMS .................................................................. 12‐4 12.3.1 Socio‐Economic Characteristics of Slum Population ...................................... 12‐4 12.3.2 Basic Infrastructure and Environmental Conditions ....................................... 12‐4 12.4 ISSUES AND FINDINGS .................................................................................... 12‐6 12.5 SWOT ANALYSIS .............................................................................................. 12‐7 12.6 SECTOR VISION, GOALS AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES ............................ 12‐7 12.6.1 Vision ............................................................................................................... 12‐7 12.6.2 Goals and Service Outcomes .......................................................................... 12‐8 12.6.3 Development Strategies ................................................................................. 12‐8 12.7 PROJECTS IDENTIFIED ..................................................................................... 12‐9 List of Tables
Table 12.1: List of Notified Slums ................................................................................... 12‐1 Table 12.2: Land Ownership of Slum Pockets in GMC .................................................... 12‐3 Table 12.3: Tenure Status of Gaya Slums ....................................................................... 12‐4 Table 12.4: Goals and Service Outcomes‐Basic Services for Poor .................................. 12‐8 List of Maps
Map 12‐1: Location of Slums in Gaya
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Basic Services to Urban Poor 12‐1
12 BASIC SERVICES TO URBAN POOR
12.1 INTRODUCTION
Poverty connotes a helpless situation of a person who finds it difficult to sustain
livelihood for himself and his family, having limited access to earning, nutrition, shelter
and health care.
Affordable housing becomes one of the major problems for rural migrants transferred
to urban area for job opportunities As a result in Gaya, population lives in slum
settlements with minimal informal resources that are available to them. Slums are
essentially the result of urban poverty. Population living in slums lacks access to basic
physical infrastructure like safe drinking water, sanitation, solid waste disposal,
drainage, access to roads, street lights, and social facilities like health and education.
Urban poverty and slums also result of an unorganized fast growth of the town without
development of basic infrastructure facilities. In the Slum Area Act, 1956 Government
of India has defined slum areas as those areas where buildings are unfit for human
habitation. These slums lack the basic infrastructure facilities that are required for a
decent quality of life. The term ‘Slum’ describes a wide range of low income
settlements or poor living conditions in settlements.
12.2 EXISTING STATUS
12.2.1 Notified Slums in Gaya
As per Draft Master Plan 2027 referred to the Census of India 2001 there were 15
notified slum wards in Gaya, wherein 2796 households with 18881 population is living
in slum like condition. The population and number of households of all the notified
slums are given below in Table 12.1.
Table 12.1: List of Notified Slums
No. of slum Ward No. of Households Total Population
1 97 405
2 397 2503
4 392 2679
10 196 1287
11 85 594
13 317 2068
15 270 2074
16 289 2057
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Basic Services to Urban Poor 12‐2
No. of slum Ward No. of Households Total Population
17 298 2034
19 45 306
22 220 1539
25 94 672
31 32 235
32 34 274
36 30 154
Total 2796 18881 (Source: Census of India, 2001)
Further under SPUR programme, survey has been done for identification of slums in
June 2010. It has been found that there are 41 slum pockets distributed in 27 wards
with 4737 households and 26620 populations (6.8% of the total population) and BPL
population of 84331. The ward wise slum pocket with number of household and
population are given in Annexure II (Map 12‐1)
It can be observed that maximum number of slum pockets is in Ward No. 44 with total
of 400 households. The highest slum population size of 1500 is residing in Dusadh Toli‐
Imliyachak slum pocket of Ward No. 29 and Harijan Toli‐Delha Dhaniya Bagicha slum
pocket of Ward No. 27.
12.2.2 General Characteristics of Slums in GMC
Gaya is characterized by a very significant presence of the urban poor, with a growing
poverty profile. Slum settlements have multiplied over decades and the living
conditions of the poor have not improved. Environmental decline, inadequate basic
services and infrastructure in the poor settlements hit the poor hardest. Slums are
scattered across the city, with high population densities and the number of people
inhabiting into it are around 26620 persons. Most of the slum dwellers are migrants
from rural areas. They are mainly construction labourers, rickshaw pullers, daily wage
earners, etc. with low incomes. Earlier slums used to exist only on the periphery of the
city. However, during last two decades, the growth of slums has ben reported in the
inner areas also. In last few years, slums have been spread throughout the Gaya town.
Slums are mainly inhabited on Government/private lands, on foothills, near nallahs and
water bodies etc. The houses are made of kutcha materials like mud wall, thatched roof
etc. Slums are basically having very poor existing infrastructure.
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Basic Services to Urban Poor 12‐3
Slums in Gaya
12.2.3 Land Ownership/ Tenure Status
As per the survey conducted under SPUR Programme in June 2010, out of the 41 slum
pockets, land ownership of 17 slum pockets is under state government. Five of slum
pockets are located on central government land and ninghteen are on other than state
and central government land. Land under slum pockets present in Ward No. 3, 16, 33
(one pocket each), 50 (two pockets) is owned by central government. Land under the
slum pockets present in Ward No. 6, 8, 14, 22, 27 (1 pocket each), 28 (1 pocket), 29 (1
pocket), 34 (2 pockets), 43, 44 (2 pockets), 45 (1 pocket), 46, 47, 50 (1 pocket each), 53
are owned by state government. Rest of the slum pockets are located on either
privately owned or owned by any agency other than state government and central
government. Details of the land ownership of various slum pockets are shown in Table
12.2.
Table 12.2: Land Ownership of Slum Pockets in GMC
Land Ownership
Name of the Slums
State Gov.
Harijan Toli‐Kharkhura, Harijan Toli‐ Pitamaheshwar Chamartoli, Harijan Toli‐Bhairosthan,Harijan Toli‐ Gewalbigha Part‐1 , Harijan Toli‐ Gewalbigha Part‐2,Harijan Toli‐ Baksu Bigha, Harijan Toli‐ Kapildhara, Harijan Toli‐ Kiranighat,Harijan Toli‐ Bhusunda , Harijan Toli‐ Brahmsat, Harijan Toli‐ Bhatbigha, Harijan Toli‐ Iqbal Nagar, Harijan Toli‐ Abgila, Harijan Toli‐ Khatkachak, Dusadh Toli‐ Imliyachak, Harijan Toli‐ Katari hill
Central Gov. Bhai Toli‐ Delha, Gandhinagar Harijan Toli‐ Part‐1 Manpur, Gandhi nagar Harijan Toli Part‐2‐ Manpur, Domtoli‐ Station Road, Harijan Toli‐ South Police line.
Others
Harijan Toli Murlihil, Harijan Toli‐ Ramdhanpur, Harijan Toli‐ Bairagi, Harijan Toli‐ Ramna, Harijan Toli‐ Lakhanpura, Harijan Toli ‐ Ghugharitand Chhatthu Bigha, Harijantoli‐ Mustafabad, Harijan Toli‐ Bijay Bigha, Harijan Toli‐ Delha Dhaniya Bagicha, Harijan Toli‐ Maranpur, Harijan Toli‐ Imliyachak, Harijan Toli‐ Akshayvat, Harijan Toli‐Ramdhanpur , Harijan Toli‐ Kumhrartoli Manpur, Harijan Toli‐ Katari hill Salempur, Harijan Toli‐ Nadraganj, Harijan Toli‐ Barisnagar, Harijan Toli‐ Rampur, Singrasthan Harijan Toli
(Source: SPUR Cell)
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Basic Services to Urban Poor 12‐4
Out of 41 slum pockets 21 slums have secured tenure status while 19 have insecured
tenure status but with no risk. Only one slum pockets i.e. Harijan toli, south police line
Ward No.33 has insecure tenure status with a risk. The name of the slum pockets with
the status of their tenure is shown in Table 12.3. Slum pockets present in Ward no. 11,
9, 10, 45 (2 pockets), 34, 32, 2, 27 (1 pocket), 44 (2 pockets), 29 (1 pocket), 49, 28 (1
pocket), 38, 5, 31, 33 have secured tenure status.
Table 12.3: Tenure Status of Gaya Slums
Tenure Status
Name of the Slum
Secure
Harijan Toli ‐Murlihil, Harijan Toli‐ Ramdhanpur, Harijan Toli‐ Bairagi, Harijan Toli‐ Ramna, Harijan Toli‐ Lakhanpura, Harijan Toli Ghugharitand‐Chhatthu Bigha, Harijan Toli‐ Gewalbigha Part‐1, Harijan Toli‐ Gewalbigha Part‐2, Harijantoli‐ Mustafabad, Harijan Toli‐Bijay Bigha, Harijan Toli‐ Delha Dhaniya Bagicha, Harijan Toli‐ Maranpur, Harijan Toli‐ Imliyachak, Harijan Toli‐ Akshayvat, Harijan Toli‐ Ramdhanpur, Harijan Toli‐ Kumhrartoli Manpur, Harijan Toli Katari hill Salempur, Harijan Toli‐ Nadraganj, , Harijan Toli‐ Barisnagar, Harijan Toli‐ Rampur, Singrasthan Harijan Toli
Insecure but no Risk
Harijan Toli Kharkhura, Harijan Toli‐ Pitamaheshwar Chamartoli, Bhai Toli‐Delha,Harijan Toli‐ Bhairosthan, Harijan Toli‐ Baksu Bigha , Harijan Toli ‐ Kapildhara, Harijan Toli‐Kiranighat, Manpur Surajpura, Gandhinagar Harijan Toli Part‐1‐ Manpur, Gandhi nagar‐ Harijan Toli Part‐2‐ Manpur, Harijan Toli‐ Bhusunda, Domtoli‐ Station Road, Harijan Toli‐ Brahmsat, Harijan Toli‐ Bhatbigha,Harijan Toli‐ Iqbal Nagar, Harijan Toli‐ Abgila, Harijan Toli‐ Khatkachak, Dusadh Toli‐ Imliyachak, Harijan Toli‐ Katari hill
Insecure Harijan Toli, South Police line
(Source: SPUR Cell)
12.3 URBAN BASIC SERVICES IN SLUMS
12.3.1 Socio‐Economic Characteristics of Slum Population
Presently there are 41 slum pockets inhabited by
26620 persons where civic condition is very poor
because the city has not been able to provide basic
civic amenities in these slum areas. Almost 75% of
the slum families are living below poverty line. Slum
dwellers are mainly construction labourers,
rickshaw pullers, daily wage earners, etc. with low
incomes.
12.3.2 Basic Infrastructure and Environmental Conditions
The environmental conditions in some slums are very poor and lack basic civic
amenities like pucca roads, drainage, safe water, sanitation, solid waste mangament,
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Basic Services to Urban Poor 12‐5
street lights etc. Water‐borne diseases are prevelant in slums of Gaya. In some of the
slums basic infrastructure like construction of side drains, pavement of lanes, toilets,
primary health centers etc have been provided by GMC. For example in Nailli road
networks are provided and linked but other infrastructures are still lacking. However
they are deficient in quality and quantity. In general slums have following problems
Lack of pucca roads
Poor sanitary conditions
Lack of drainage system
Lack of solid waste management
Poor housing condition
Basic infrastructure present in each of the slum pocket, surveyed under SPUR
Programme has been given in Annexure III and slient features of the status of various
infrastructures are explained in following sections.
Drainage: A general survey of the city indicates that major part of the city does not
have adequate drainage and in some part, the existing drainage needs immediate
overhauling. This is otherwise desirable as roads cannot be maintained unless and until
proper drainage network covers the whole city. The drainage project initially should
cover the major part of the old city and newly grown up colonies by identification of
sites, which are in dire necessity of upgrading/repairing/ constructing drains. Drains are
chocked in some slum areas resulting in overflow of the waste water. Also the slums
mostly located in low lying areas, leading to water logging during the monsoons. As per
slum infrastructure survey conducted under SPUR programme, it is found that out of
the 41 slum pockets in GMC, 21 have pucca, 18 have kutcha and 2 are not having
drains. Bhai Toli, Delha, Harijan Toli, Kiranighat are the slums not having access to even
kutcha drains.
Roads: Several slum pockets need paved roads along with drains as the inhabitants find
it difficult even to reach their houses during rains. The kutcha roads become water
logged and also breeding ground for many vectors. Out of the 41 slums, 1 slum Bhai
Toli, Delha is not having any roads, 14 slums have kutcha roads and 26 slums have
pucca.
Sanitation: It is the one of the most important basic services. Particularly in slum areas,
it is the primary amenity, which is to be provided by the local body. Some of the slums
in Gaya have very poor sanitary conditions. At present, out of the 41 slum pockets in
GMC, only 13 slums have individual toilets. In rest of the 28 slums pockets open
defecation along the river, open drains and in open spaces is prevalent creating
insanitary condition in town.
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Basic Services to Urban Poor 12‐6
Solid Waste Management: Similarly, there is no provision for dumping of solid waste
and it is disposed off in any open space available, usually on a vacant plot, corners of
the street, open nallah etc. Out of the 41 slums only 2 slums named Harijan Toli, Bairagi
(Ward No. 10), Harijan Toli, Akshayvat (Ward No. 44) are having designated space for
dumping of waste. As far as waste collection is concerned, only in 2 slums waste is
collected daily, in 5 slums waste is collected on alternate days, in another 5 slums, once
in a week whereas in 17 slums waste is occasionally collected and in 12 slums waste is
never being collected creating filthy situation in these slum pockets.
Water Supply: Provision of safe drinking water in slum
areas is essential because prevailing sanitary condition
in these areas are not satisfactory and there is every
possibility of water borne disease like Cholera, E‐
Hepatitis, and Gastroenteritis. Presently maximum
numbers of slums are dependent on either private or
public shallow bore hand pumps. Out of the 41 slum
pockets only 6 slums have legal municipal piped connection, 8 slums have water supply
through both municipal piped and private shallow bore hand pumps system, 2 have
illegal municipal piped system and 1 has no supply of water.
12.4 ISSUES AND FINDINGS
In the city area, approximately 7% ‐ 10% of the population is residing in slum areas,
which are spatially spread all over the Gaya city, especially near the river Falgu and
along the highway, which is a cause for concern.
Taking note of serious imbalance in the living conditions of the urban rich and poor, the
Centre has asked State Governments to earmark development funds for slum dwellers
and other poors in municipal budgets in proportion to their share in urban population.
The issues and findings based on analysis and observations of the slum areas are
following:
Approx 7%‐ 10 % of population of Gaya resides in slums.
There are 41 slum pockets distributed in 27 wards with 4737 households and
26620 populations.
Out of 41, 21 slum pockets have secured tenure status.
Poor coverage of basic infrastructure facilities such has safe drinking water,
drainage, sanitation facility, solid waste management, roads etc.
Several slums, located on low lying areas along Falgu River, are prone to
flooding.
The public toilets are in very poor condition and non functional.
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Basic Services to Urban Poor 12‐7
The ground water is contaminated due to open defecation, thus exposing the
inhabitants to risk of various water borne diseases.
There is no electricity connection in the slums; even the schools and community
buildings lack this facility.
In absence of proper strategy and policies to create affordable housing stock for
urban poor in the city, the growth of new slums will remain unabated.
Lack of planned interventions in the past has lead to the growth of slums on
public land, the present scenario shows increased inadequate serviced land for
housing within city limits.
Lack of comprehensive urban poverty reduction policy
Poor management resource base for creating and aintaining infrastructure is
critical issue. As they depend on ad‐hoc grants, the service provision for the
poor becomes sporadic activity rather than regular service delivery system of
local government institutions.
12.5 SWOT ANALYSIS
12.6 SECTOR VISION, GOALS AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES
12.6.1 Vision
“To provide affordable housing and basic sevices to urban poor”
Improving the living condition of the poor is important to make the identity of the city
and improve the overall condition of the town. Thus special attention shall be given to
the poors and infrastructure provision for them should be at par with rest of the city.
Strengths Opportunities
Minimum basic services like water supply and roads are available in some slums which gives an opportunity to increase other minimum basic services like sanitation, drainage etc.
There is special attention of Central and State Government to improve the condition of poor. Thus funds are available under various schemes viz. DFID, IHSDP etc.
Weakness Threats
Slum pockets are distributed all over the
town in various wards.
Dilapidated condition of slum housing.
Poor infrastructure availability and poor maintenance wherever present.
Poor health and educational facilities
Continous increase in slum settlements and unavailability of infrastructure. Encroachment by slums in an unorganized manner.
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Basic Services to Urban Poor 12‐8
12.6.2 Goals and Service Outcomes
By the end of the year 2030, all facilities like water supply network coverage, provision
of sanitation facilities i.e. community toilets linked to main sewer line, lighting, proper
road connectivity, pucca houses and education to all is to be fully provided.
Table 12.4: Goals and Service Outcomes‐Basic Services for Poor
S.N. Goal 2016 2021 2030
1 Coverage for slum houses 90% 100% 100%
2 Construction of Community Toilets and linking them to the proposed sewerage network.
100% 100% 100%
3 UGD Coverage for slum households 90% 100% 100%
4 Adequately Lit Slum 100% 100% 100%
5 Adequate Road Link for the Slum 100% 100% 100%
6 Pucca houses for all Slum Households 50% 80% 100%
7 Education for all in Slums 100% 100% 100%
12.6.3 Development Strategies
As per National Slum Policy the objectives to formulate strategy are:
To integrate slum settlements and communities residing within them into the urban
areas as a whole by creating awareness amongst the public and in Governance of
underlying principles that guide process of slum development and improvement
and the options that are available for bringing about the integration.
To strengthen the legal and policy framework to facilitate the process of slum
development and improvement on a sustainable basis and
To establish a framework for involving all stakeholders for the efficient and smooth
implementation of policy objectives.
Key Strategies
Provision of affordable houses for poor living in dilapidated houses or having no
house.
Since the slum pockets are spread all over the city, it is proposed that the basic
services for slums will be treated at par with rest of the town and will be taken care
on priority for development.
Integrated development of slums including both housing and basic services shall be
done, wherever relocation of slums is required;
Insitu development of slums wherever possible;
Provision of community toilets and low cost individual toilets in slums;
Provision of piped water connection with minimum fixed prices.
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| Basic Services to Urban Poor 12‐9
12.7 PROJECTS IDENTIFIED
There is requirement of 4737 houses in slums of Gaya, which is also recommended by
IHSDP.
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Heritage and Tourism i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
13 HERITAGE AND TOURISM ......................................................................... 13‐1 13.1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 13‐1 13.2 MAJOR RELIGIOUS/HOLY SITES IN GAYA ....................................................... 13‐1 13.3 FAIRS AND FESTIVALS .................................................................................... 13‐4 13.4 TOURISM POTENTIAL OF THE TOWN ............................................................ 13‐4 13.5 TOURIST INFRASTRUCTURE ........................................................................... 13‐5 13.6 ISSUES AND FINDINGS ................................................................................... 13‐5 13.7 SWOT ANALYSIS ............................................................................................. 13‐6 13.8 DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES .......................................................................... 13‐6 13.9 IDENTIFIED PROJECTS .................................................................................... 13‐7 List of Tables Table 13.1: Religious and Rituals Sites (Pind daan Sites) in Gaya ............................................... 13‐3 Table 13.2: Identified Projects for Heritage and Tourism ........................................................... 13‐7
List of Figures Figure 13.1: Tourist Inflow .......................................................................................................... 13‐5
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Heritage and Tourism 13‐1
Vishnupad Temple
13 HERITAGE AND TOURISM
13.1 INTRODUCTION
Heritage is the cultural, social and spiritual legacy that we inherit from our past and
pass on to the future. Heritage is unique in its reverence for Mother Nature in all her
manifestations. Ancient traditions, rituals and practices have embedded this reverence
in religion and even in normal day‐to‐day living.
Gaya has a rich cultural landscape and is one of the important holy places for Hindus
and thousands of devotees visit this small town every year for pilgrimage. From time
immemorial, Hindu pilgrims from every part of India arrive at the Panchakroshi
Gayakshetra with their offerings of Pind to ensure peace for the departed souls of 12
generation of their deceased ancestors. It is said that an offering of Pind at Gaya
ensures heavenly ascent for the soul. Every inch of Gaya is wrapped with ancient
temples, kunds and images related to Hindu religion. Gaya is also famous for
pitrapaksha mela held in month of September every year. Even the followers of
Buddhism also visit Gaya as the famous seat of Buddhism; 'Bodh Gaya' is few kms away
from Gaya.
13.2 MAJOR RELIGIOUS/HOLY SITES IN GAYA
Gaya is a religious centre and it is believed that the principal Hindu God, Vishnu has
bestowed upon Gaya the power to absolve the sin of the sinners. Who come here for
pilgrimage. Pilgrims also come to offer funerary offerings (or pinds) at the Ghats along
the river and pray for the souls of their ancestors. There are number of relgious tourist
places in an and around Gaya. Some of the important tourist pilgrimage sites are as
follows.
Vishnupad Temple
One of the major pilgrim centres in Gaya is Vishnupad
temple and can be a potential heritage structure because of
its importance and its architecture. The temple with its 30m
high silver plated octagonal peak resting on 8 rows of
decorated pillars. It is built in Shikhara style of architecture
in the year 1787. Dedicated to Lord Vishnu, it was rebuilt by
Ahilya Bai Holkar, the ruler of Indore, in the 18th century. Devotees visit in large
numbers to get a glimpse of the footprints of Lord Vishnu.
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| Heritage and Tourism 13‐2
Akshay Bata
Brahmayoni Hill
Ramshila Hill
The temple complex is quite big and having many images of different Gods and
Goddesses. There are many other shrines in and around the temple. Another important
temple is of Lord Nrisimha, the god which according to Hindu mythology was a man‐lion
incarnation of Lord Vishnu. The temple and statue is intricately carved and designed
and is a major tourist attraction at Gaya.
Mangla Gauri Temple
The Mangla Gauri shrine is marked by two rounded stones that symbolize the breasts of
mythological Sati, the first wife of Lord Shiva. It is a very old and sacred temple which is
located in the Chand Chauraha area of Gaya town. Hundreds of devotees visit this
temple every day, which is situated on top of a hillock.
Falgu River
According to Ramayana, when Lord Rama came to Gaya along with Sita for pitripaksha
(or to perform pindadanam), Sita cursed the Falgu River following some disobedience
on the part of the river. The mythology states that on account of this curse, Falgu River
lost its water, and the river is simply a vast stretch of sand dunes
However, water can always be found all the year by digging in the dry sandy riverbed.
That’s why it is called “Antah Saliya”. The ritual of pind daan starts from Falgu River.
Brahmayoni Hill
Brahmayoni Temple is located one km southwest of the
Vishnupada Temple. One thousand stone steps lead the
travelers to the top of this hill, from where one can have a
full view of Gaya. There are two caves Brahmayoni and
Matreyoni on the hill and an ancient temple of
Astabhujadevi. It is an important pilgrimage place for Buddhists; because at Brahmayoni
hill, Budhha preached the Fire Sermon to one thousand former fire worshipping
ascetics, who all became enlightened while listening to this discourse. At this time the
hill was called Gayasisra.
Akshay Bata
Akshay Bata is the important place where ritual of pind daan
ends. Pind daan starts from Falgu River and ends at Akshay
Bata. Akshay Bata got a boom by Sita who never dies. It’s not
destroyable, that’s why it is called Akshay Bata.
Ramshila Hill
On the north of the Gaya town is situated another hill called
Ramshila 715 ft high. There is an old temple situated on the
top of the hill that is called Rameshwara or Pataleshwara
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| Heritage and Tourism 13‐3
Brahma Sarovar Ramshila Sarovar
Pretshila Hill
or Mahadev temple. In front of the temple there is a pavilion where pinds are offered.
Pretshila Hill
About 8km northwest of Gaya, the 873ft high Pretshila
hill is situated. The meaning of the name is the hill of
ghosts and it is sacred to Yama, the Hindu god of hell,
and forms one of the sacred places of pilgrimage. On
the top of the hill there is a small temple dedicated to
Yama (The God of death). At the foot of the hill there
are three tanks named Sati, Nigra and Sukha, and a fourth tank called Ramkund on the
summit near the temple of Yama, in which it is said that Ram himself bathed. Whoever
bathes in this tank is said to have rubbed out his sins and whoever recites the proper
mantras or spells with the usual offerings of Shraddha and Pind’s will freed from pain.
Other Religious/ Ritual Sites and Sarovars
During pitra‐paksh mela, thousands of pilgrims visit Gaya to offer Pind daan to their
ancestors. These offerings are done around Falgu River, different vedis (about 54 places
in and around Gaya), kunds etc. A name of the vedis, kunds and sarovars that need to
be preserved due to their religious importance in Gaya are listed in Table 13.1.
Table 13.1: Religious and Rituals Sites (Pind daan Sites) in Gaya
Poonpoon charan Puja Jiwha loll Kartikpada Mat Gowapi Munda Pristha
Falgu River Gajadhar Jee Dhadikhagni Ko pada Adi Gaya
Brahma Kund Sarswati Garpashagni Agastha pada Dhout Pada
Pretshilla Dharmaranya Ahabaniagni Indrapada Bhim Gaya
Ram Shilla BodhGaya Suryapada Kahsyapada Go Prachar
Ram Kund Brahma Sarower Chandrapada Gajakaran Gada Loll
Kagbali Kagbali Ganeshpada RamGaya Dhud Tarpan
Uttarmanas Amrasichen Sandyagnipada SitaKund Baitarni
Udichi Rudrapada Yagnipada Souvagyadan AkshoyBata
Kankhal Brahmapada Dadhisthi pada Gayasir Gyatri Ghat
Dakhin Manas Vishnupada Kanna pada Gayakup
List of Major Sarovars
Sita Kund
Pretshila Hill
Brahm Sarovar
Ravinder Sarovar
Godavari Sarovar
Lal babu Sarovar
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| Heritage and Tourism 13‐4
Rukmani Sarovar Sarju Sarovar
Suraj kund Uttamanosh Sarovar
Maanpur Suraj Pokhar
Ramsagar
Ramshila Sarovar
Rukmani Sarovar
Sarju Sarovar
Suraj Kund
Uttar Manush Sarovar
Vaitarni Sarovar
Vishar Sarovar
13.3 FAIRS AND FESTIVALS
Important Hindu religious feativals called as pitrapaksha are celebrated in Gaya and
huge gathering of pilgrims occurs to take part in the rituals associated with these
festivals. On this festival, in the month of September a mela has been organised every
year. It is the time for the Gayalis to be prepared for the Vedic Sraddha ceremonies or
the pind daan, a mandatory Hindi rite that is supposed to bring salvation to the
departed soul. Turning the pages of earlier history, one comes across the Puranic
legend that ascribes Gaya as one of the holiest spots of the world. The Asura, named
Gaya became so powerful that the Gods felt threatened and thus thought of eliminating
him. As a precondition to his death, the Asura demanded that he should be buried in
the holiest spot of the world.
13.4 TOURISM POTENTIAL OF THE TOWN
Gaya is an important city in state of Bihar and an integral part of the cultural heritage of
India. It has immense significance as a centre of learning and for the religious purpose.
For the Hindus, Gaya is a place where an important ritual for the peace of the departed
soul can be accomplished. For the Buddhists, the place holds significance, as Lord
Buddha preached the Fire Sermon on the Brahmayoni Hill, formerly called the Gayasisa.
In addition to existing holy sites in Gaya, there are number of tourist spots around Gaya
which adds to the tourism potential of Gaya. Bodh Gaya is a place situated 15 kilometer
from the main town of Gaya. This is the place where Gautama Buddha attained
enlightenment under the Bodhi tree. The site of the world renowned, Mahabodhi
Temple, Bodh Gaya is the most sacred pilgrimage place for Buddhists. The magnificent
Mahabodhi Temple was nominated as a World Heritage Site under UNESCO in the year
2002. Presence of Barbar Caves, 57 kms from Gaya, Sun Deo Temple 20 kms,
Dungeshwari Caves, Rajgir 50 kms from Gaya further increases the tourist inflow in this
area. There is tourist circuit present in Bihar are Bodhgaya, Nalanda and Rajgir of which
Gaya can also be made part to harness its tourism potential.
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| Heritage and Tourism 13‐5
Gaya contributes about 10% of the total domestic tourists and 3.32% of foreign tourist’s
visitng Bihar. Domestic and foreign tourist arrivals in Gaya in past 10 years are
represented in Figure 13.1.
Figure 13.1: Tourist Inflow
It can be observed that there is sudden increase in domestic and foreign tourists from
2007‐2009. It can also find out from the monthly tourist flow that maximum domestic
tourist arrival is between the month of August and September in Gaya, due to inflow of
tourists in Gaya for Vishnu Puja and religious rites (Pind daan). The winter months of
January and December witnessed higer numbers of foreign tourists.
13.5 TOURIST INFRASTRUCTURE
Gaya has 1 star hotel, 34 private hotels, 2 government hotels/circuit houses and 11
dharamshalas. Total of 58 accommodation facilities are present in Gaya, which is
second highest in Bihar after Patna (Draft Master Plan 2027).
13.6 ISSUES AND FINDINGS
Since, the city and its surroundings have potential for pilgrimage tourism, government
should take initiatives to develop its tourism potential and preserve its rich religious
heritage.
Gaya is not the part of the tourist circuit present in Bihar.
There is no integrated tourist development plan in place.
Tourist’s visting Gaya mainly includes pilgrimage for performing rituals of pind
daan.
Lack of development of religious sites which contributes to tourist potential.
Lack of efforts to restore and conserve the religious heritage structures.
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| Heritage and Tourism 13‐6
Poor quality of tourist infrastructure especially accomdation facilities present in
Gaya, forces tourist to stay outside Gaya.
Lack of efforts to conserve and develop the Falgu River, water bodies/talabs
present in Gaya which can contribute to maintain the micro climate of the town
and to attract tourists.
13.7 SWOT ANALYSIS
Strength Weakness
Major pilgrimage destination of
Hindus and Buddhists.
Gaya has one international airport. Both Indian and foreign tourists
inflow is increasing every year.
Presence of number of religious
heritage sites.
Various natural features such as hills
and water bodies present in Gaya
which can be developed to promote
tourism.
Lack of proper physical infrastructure like water supply, sanitation, etc required to
serve the tourists.
Poor quality of accommodation forces
tourist to stay out of Gaya.
Opportunity Threats
High tourism potential.
Availability of funds from various
agencies to finance projects related
to heritage conservation, tourism
infrastructure development, large
scale sanitation projects like laying
of sewerage network, installation of
wastewater treatment plants.
There is a threat of gradually losing the ancient character of marvelous pilgrimage
sites, number of them can be potential
heritage strctures;
Pollution of River Falgu, which is one of the religious site and potential tourist spot for future.
13.8 DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES
Maintenance and development of all major religious heritage sites such as
Vishupad Temple, Mangla Gauri Temple, Brahmyoni Hill, Ramshila Hill, and
Pretshila Hill shall be done on priority.
Efforts should be made to include Gaya with the existing tourist circuit of
Bodhgaya, Nalanda and Rajgiri.
Conservation of water bodies, religious sarovars and development of its
surroundings as tourist spots shall be done to attract tourists.
Environmental conservation of Falgu River and for that matter entire Gaya town
needs to be pollution free to attract more tourists. We believe that the basic
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| Heritage and Tourism 13‐7
infrastructure proposed will make the holy town free from all kinds of pollution
and help conserve the great religious heritage of town.
Quality of tourist infrastructure such as accommodation facilities need to be
improved so that tourist prefers to stay in Gaya which will also help in economic
development of the town.
13.9 IDENTIFIED PROJECTS
Projects have been identified to conserve the religious heritage sites and development
of tourism, which are presented in Table 13.2.
Table 13.2: Identified Projects for Heritage and Tourism
S.No. Identified Projects Phase‐I Phase‐II Phase‐III
Qty Qty Qty
1 Conservation & Development of Vishnupad, Brahmyoni, Ramshila, Pitamaheshwar, Sitakund
Phase‐I ‐ ‐
2 Redevelopment & Up‐gradation of Pilgrimage and all Heritage Sites and Sarovars
Phase‐I ‐ ‐
3 Rivers Front Development (Channelization work and Lake formation in river bed including Steps or Check Dam, Landscaping)
Phase‐I Phase‐II ‐
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Environment i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
14 ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................. 14‐1 14.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 14‐1 14.2 PHYSIOGRAPHY .................................................................................................. 14‐1 14.3 TOPOGRAPHY .................................................................................................... 14‐1 14.4 CLIMATE ............................................................................................................. 14‐2 14.5 WATER RESOURCES ........................................................................................... 14‐2 14.6 WATER POLLUTION ............................................................................................ 14‐2 14.7 AIR POLLUTION .................................................................................................. 14‐3 14.8 LAND POLLUTION ............................................................................................... 14‐3 14.9 ENVIORNMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS .............................................................. 14‐3 14.10 NATURAL DISASTERS ......................................................................................... 14‐4 List of Maps
Map 14.1: Map showing Earthquake Zones in Bihar ...................................................... 14‐4 Map 14.2: Map showing Wind and Cyclone Zone, Bihar ............................................... 14‐5 Map 14.3 : Map showing Flood Zones, Bihar ................................................................. 14‐5
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Environment 14‐1
14 ENVIRONMENT
14.1 INTRODUCTION
Word "environment" is most commonly used describing "natural" environment and
means the sum of all living and non‐living things that surround an organism, or group of
organisms. Environment includes all elements, factors, and conditions that have some
impact on growth and development of certain organism. Environment includes both
biotic and abiotic factors that have influence on organism or human being.
Natural disasters are naturally occurring processes that may be dangerous to human life
and structures. Volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, floods and hurricanes are all examples
of natural disasters. Human population continues to increase and there is need to
develop environmentally sound strategies to minimize the loss of life and property
damage from disasters especially in urban areas.
For better environment, all its components should be protected from pollution and the
surroundings should be clean. We need to take good care of our land, water resources,
forests, and atmosphere. But our environment has been facing environmental problems
due to air, water, noise pollution etc.
This chapter explains various environmental parameters and natural disasters which are
likely to have impact on the life of people of Gaya.
14.2 PHYSIOGRAPHY
Gaya stands in the transit‐region where the uplands of the Chotanagarpur plateau
merge in the south Bihar alluvial Gangetic plains. It is doted by small rocky hills
(Mangala‐Gauri, Shringa‐Sthan, Ram‐Shila and Brahmayoni) on three sides and the river
flowing on the fourth (eastern) side.
14.3 TOPOGRAPHY
The topography of the west‐bank town, viz. Gaya proper, is influenced by the
Brahmayanoni hill and the smaller elevation along the river in Andar Gaya; the hills of
Murli and Ramsila to the north; the Katari hill and plateau to the west, and the Pretsila
hill, further beyond to the north‐west. The situation of these outcrops gives the
encompassed urban area the shape of an irregular broken saucer. The north and the
north‐eastern slope is obstructed to some degree by the Ramsila, not only makes the
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| Environment 14‐2
Bairagi Mohulla and its environs the lowest part of Gaya proper but also causes vicious
problems of water logging to arise within it.
A further important gradient exists in the north‐west direction almost parallel to the
Gaya‐Tekari road due to the depression formed between the plateau of the Katari and
the Pretshila hills. The lowest level, in the proximity of the west bank town, exists near
the junction of this depression with the Jamunia stream.
A small area of Gaya proper, lying south of the Vishnupada and the Brahma‐yoni hill,
has a natural fall in that direction. Beyond it stretch extensive low lands, drained by a
small channel into the falgu.
The east‐bank town, Manpur has an overall northward fall of land and the two hills of
Manpur and Salempur (or Ram Gaya) within it stand too far apart to introduce any but
minor local variations. The latter hill, standing opposite the Vishnupada rocks, creates,
however, afflux conditions upstream and deflects the falgu towards the other bank.
14.4 CLIMATE
The town lies in the hot and humid tropical zone and with wide sandy expanse of the
Falgu, has become one of the hottest and humid places in the country with absolute
maximum temperatures reaching as high as 45 degree C and 90% humidity. The climate
of Gaya is thus hot in summers and cold in winters, so also, the variation in day and
night temperature is high. The prevailing wind direction, except during monsoon when
easterlies and south‐easterlies predominate, is from the west. The average annual
rainfall here is 1096 mm per annum. The context of temperature obviously indicates
that micro‐climatology has an important role to play at Gaya.
14.5 WATER RESOURCES
Falgu River passes through Gaya town, which is not a perennial river. Falgu is subject to
high floods during monsoon but in other season of the year it dwindles to an
insignificant stream wandering through a wide expanse of sand. Thus ground water is
the only source of water supply in town at present thoughout the year.
14.6 WATER POLLUTION
The existing scenario of water pollution essentially deals with the availability of water
resources of acceptable quality in the city. It also depends upon the precipitation and
re‐charges potential of ground water reserves and the water availability from the
adjoining areas of the city by way of surface water flow through canals or tube wells.
In the core area of the city, the environment is spoiled due to absence of efficient
sewerage, drainage, and solid waste disposal system. Waste water of households is
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| Environment 14‐3
flowing into drains in absence of organized underground sewerage system. Due to
intermixing of waste water and storm water, whole of the water gets polluted and
finally emptying into Falgu River and other open areas of town. There is no waste water
treatment plant before final disposal of water into Falgu River causing pollution in river
and also slowly infiltrates in ground affecting the ground water quality also.
During rainy season, the river banks get inundated. Frequent floods and indiscriminate
dumping of waste into Falgu River further complicate the situation. Deteriorating health
of sacred Falgu River needs immediate attention. Proper storm water drains and
sewerage system covering entire town along with treatment plants are needed to
control pollution. Also due to lack of sanitation facilities, open defecation along river
side and its bed is a common sight causing pollution of Falgu River.
In absence of organised industrial estate, small industries are scattered in Gaya town
and waste water generated from industries also flows into drains also contributes to
water pollution.
14.7 AIR POLLUTION
Number of households and small industries are present in Gaya. Also the number of
vehicles has increased during last decades. Due to lack of power supply generator
systems are more common in all commercial, residential and public semi public places.
As a result, there has been a significant change in the quality of air in most of the urban
areas like Gaya.
14.8 LAND POLLUTION
This is the important aspect of environment, which needs immediate attention. There
are various factors by which land gets polluted such as emergence of slums,
indiscriminate disposal of garbage, low lying areas/ water‐ logging areas etc. a number
of vacant plots in various colonies have been turned into garbage disposal points
thereby leading to unhygienic living conditions. These garbage disposal points and
water logging have became the breeding sites for the mosquitoes and various other
pathogens, which lead to a number of disease like Cholera, Malaria, Typhoid, gastro‐
intestinal infection etc.
Many slums of the town do not have good living conditions, lack of sanitation, absence
of pucca roads, and other facilities. These slums spoil the environment because of
unhygienic conditions due to garbage dumping, open drains and water logging.
14.9 ENVIORNMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS
The entire stretch of the Falgu River on both east and west bank of the town is
environmentally sensitive. The entire stretch needs to be protected from
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| Environment 14‐4
encroachments by providing green buffer wherever possible. Gaya is dotted with hills
such as Mangla Gauri, Brahamayoni, Pritshilla, Ramshilla etc in three directions. In
general there is lack of green spaces in town. The hills and green areas within the town
play an important role in maintaining the micro‐climate of the town and needs to be
conserved. In addition there are number of tanks/talabs in town needs conservation
along with cleaning as they play an important role in maintaining the overall quality of
environment of the town.
14.10 NATURAL DISASTERS
Human settlements are frequently affected by natural disasters, which take heavy toll
on human lives, destroy buildings and infrastructure and have far‐reaching economic
and social consequences for the community. Bihar is vulnerable to different kinds of
disaster due to its geographical and topographical location such as Flood, Drought, Fire
and Earthquake.
Vulnerability of Gaya Distirct to natural hazards has been assessed based on wind, flood
and earthquake zones map of Bihar.
The earthquake map of Bihar shows that Gaya District falls in Seismic Zone III,
which is a moderate risk zone, which is moderate risk zone and earthquake upto a
magnitude of 7.0 Richter scale has the potential to hit the area. (Map 14.1)
The wind hazard map of Bihar shows that Gaya District falls in moderate risk zone
with cyclonic wind velocities around 39 m/s. (Map 14.2)
The flood hazard map of Bihar shows that Gaya is not susceptible to any major
flood. (Map 14.3)
Map 14.1: Map showing Earthquake Zones in Bihar
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| Environment 14‐5
Map 14.2: Map showing Wind and Cyclone Zone, Bihar
Map 14.3 : Map showing Flood Zones, Bihar
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Urban Governance & Reforms i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
15 URBAN GOVERNANCE & REFORMS ............................................................ 15‐1 15.1 MUNICIPAL GOVERNANCE.............................................................................. 15‐1 15.2 MUNICIPAL GOVERNANCE IN BIHAR .............................................................. 15‐2 15.3 FUNCTIONS OF ULBs IN BIHAR ....................................................................... 15‐3 15.4 FUNCTIONS OF GAYA MUNICIPAL CORPORATION ......................................... 15‐5 15.5 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF GMC ........................................................ 15‐5 15.6 FINANCIAL POSITION OF GAYA MUNICIPAL CORPORATION .......................... 15‐8 15.7 URBAN REFORMS ............................................................................................ 15‐8 15.8 MANDATORY REFORMS .................................................................................. 15‐8 15.8.1 Reforms at Urban Local Body / Parastatal ...................................................... 15‐8 15.8.2 Reforms at State Level .................................................................................... 15‐9 15.9 OPTIONAL REFORMS .................................................................................... 15‐10 15.10 ADOPTION OF MUNICIPAL REFORMS ........................................................... 15‐10 15.10.1 Status of Mandatory Reforms at Gaya Municipal Corporation .................... 15‐10 15.10.2 Status of Optional Reforms at Gaya Municipal Corporation ........................ 15‐12 15.11 ISSUES AND FINDINGS .................................................................................. 15‐12 15.12 STRATEGIES AND PROJECTS IDENTIFIED ...................................................... 15‐13 List of Tables Table 15.1: State‐wise compliance of provisions of 74th Constitutional Amendment Act,
1992. ............................................................................................................ 15‐2 Table 15.2: Details of Manpower Resources in Gaya Municipal Corporation, 2010 ..... 15‐6 Table 15.3: Identified Projects ...................................................................................... 15‐13 List of Figures Figure 15.1: Organisational Structure Gaya Nagar Nigam ............................................. 15‐6
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| Urban Governance & Reforms 15‐1
15 URBAN GOVERNANCE & REFORMS
15.1 MUNICIPAL GOVERNANCE
Urban local bodies/municipalities play an important role in the planning and
development of urban areas. However, most studies undertaken to assess the
functioning of municipalities in India pointed out that the performance of municipalities
in the discharge of their duties has continued to deteriorate over time. It is noted that
municipalities in India are confronted with a number of problems, such as inefficiency in
the conduct of business, ineffective participation by the weaker sections of the
population in local governance, weak financial condition, lack of transparency in the
planning and implementation of projects, etc., which affect their performance
adversely.
An important initiative of the Government of India to strengthen municipal governance
is the enactment of the Constitution (74th Amendment) Act (CAA) in 1992. Until the
recent amendment, local governments in India were organised on the basis of the ‘ultra
vires’ principle [beyond the powers or authority granted by law] and the state
governments were free to extend or control the functional sphere through executive
decisions without an amendment to the legislative provisions. Through this initiative, an
attempt is being made to improve the performance ability of municipalities, so that
they are able to discharge their duties efficiently.
While most of the state governments have ratified the 74th CAA, they find it difficult to
implement its provisions in totality. The main problem is that functional devolution to
ULBs hasn’t been supported by adequate transfer of revenue sources. Further, the
financial autonomy of ULBs has been undermined as they have to seek state
government approval for enhancement in tax rates and user charges beyond the limits
mentioned in municipal laws. Furthermore, ULBs have limited powers to institute new
taxes. The 74th CAA also introduces schedule 12th in the Constitution, which lists 18
subjects coming under the jurisdiction of municipalities. The 18 subjects/ functions
mentioned under the 12th schedule include the following:
Urban planning including town planning
Regulation of land use and construction of buildings
Planning for economic and social development
Roads and bridges
Water supply for domestic, industrial and commercial purposes
Public health, sanitation conservancy and solid waste management
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Fire services
Urban forestry, protection of the environment and promotion of ecological
aspects
Safeguarding the interests of weaker sections of society, including the
handicapped and mentally retarded
Slum improvement and upgrading
Urban poverty alleviation
Provision of urban amenities and facilities such as parks, gardens and
playgrounds
Promotion of cultural educational and aesthetic aspects
Burials and burial grounds: cremations, cremation grounds and electric
crematoriums
Cattle pounds, prevention of cruelty to animals
Vital statistics including registration of births and deaths
Public amenities including street lighting parking lots, bus stops and public
conveniences; and
Regulation of slaughterhouses and tanneries
15.2 MUNICIPAL GOVERNANCE IN BIHAR
The organization of Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) in Bihar, like in any other states where
74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 is implemented, is done on the basis of three
tier system viz. Municipal Corporations, Municipal Councils and Municipal Panchyats. Its
functioning is largely guided by Bihar Municipal Act, 2007.
As far compliance of 74th CAA, 1992 is concerned. On the basis of certain indicators like
constitution of ULBs, reservation of seats, regular conduct of election, constitution of
Ward Committees (WCs), District Planning Committees (DPCs) and Metropolitan
Planning Committees (MPCs) and State Finance Commission (SFC), Bihar state has
successfully complied with all except WC and MPC.
Table 15.1 presents the State‐wise compliance of the 74th Constitutional Amendment
Act provisions.
Table 15.1: State‐wise compliance of provisions of 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992.
State/UT
Constitution
of ULBs
Reservation
of seats
Regular
conduct of
election
Constitution
of WCs
Constitution
of DPCs
Constitution
of MPCs
Constitution
of SFCs
Andhra
Pradesh
Arunachal
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Pradesh
Assam
Bihar
Chhattisgarh
Delhi
Goa
Gujarat
Haryana
Himachal
Pradesh
Jharkhand
Karnataka
Kerala
Madhya
Pradesh
Maharashtra
Manipur
Meghalaya
Mizoram
Nagaland
Orissa
Punjab
Rajasthan
Sikkim
Tamil Nadu
Tripura
Uttaranchal
Uttar Pradesh
West Bengal
15.3 FUNCTIONS OF ULBs IN BIHAR
ULBs in Bihar are functioning under ‘The Bihar Municipal Act, 2007’. Chapter VI (section
45) of the said Act defines functions of the ULBs as under:
Core Municipal Functions:
Section 45: Every Municipality shall‐
Provide on its own or arrange to provide through any agency the following core municipal services:‐
i. Water‐supply for domestic, industrial, and commercial purposes,
ii. Drainage and sewerage,
iii. Solid waste management,
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iv. Preparation of plans for development and social justice,
v. Communication systems, construction and maintenance of roads, footpaths,
pedestrian pathways, transportation terminals, both for passengers and
goods, bridges, over‐bridges, subways, ferries, and inland water transport
system,
vi. Transport system accessories including traffic engineering schemes, street
furniture, street lighting, parking areas, and bus stops,
vii. Community health and protection of environment including planting and
caring of trees on road sides and elsewhere,
viii. Markets and slaughterhouses,
ix. Promotion of educational, sports and cultural activities, and
x. Aesthetic environment.
Perform such other statutory or regulatory functions as may be provided by or
under this Act or under any other law for the time being in force.
Further, Section 46 mentions about some additional functions assigned by the
government as follows:
“The Municipality may, subject to the underwriting of the costs by, and approval of, the
Central Government or the State Government, as the case may be, undertake any
function belonging to the functional domain of the Central Government or the State
Government, as the case may be, and such functions may include primary education,
curative health, transport, supply of energy, arrangements for fire prevention and fire
safety, and urban poverty alleviation.”
In addition to its core functions, ULBs are expected to discharge some educational,
health, poverty etc. related functions as directed by the governments to facilitate
implementation of various sponsored schemes.
Moreover, Section 47 (Other Functions) of Bihar Municipal Act, 2007 further says, after
having discharged satisfactorily its core functions, subject to its technical, managerial
and financial capabilities, A Municipality may undertake or perform or promote the
performance of, any of functions in the sphere of:
1. Town planning, urban development, development of commercial
infrastructure;
2. Protection of environment;
3. Public health and sanitation;
4. Education and culture;
5. Public welfare; and
6. Community relations.
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Apparently, these optional functions based on the capabilities of particular ULBs have
been kept under the preview of law in the light of 74th CAA, 1992.
15.4 FUNCTIONS OF GAYA MUNICIPAL CORPORATION
Based on the SPUR and information collected by the Consultants team, major functions
being discharged by Gaya Municipal Corporation (GMC) are as follows:
Collection of taxes (property tax, water tax, cleaning tax, professional tax, octroi
duty)
Birth and death registration,
Rickshaw and Thela registration and Tax Collection
Building permission and maps approval,
water‐supply,
drainage
solid waste management and sanitation
Roads (partially),
Street lighting,
Slaughterhouses,
Disaster management,
Slum Development,
Preparation of Master Plan for the city,
Development of Parks and Playground,
In addition to above core functions, like any other ULB, GMC is implementing various
government sponsored prorammes and schemes like BRGF, ILCS, BPL surveys. GMC also
undertake some self financing schemes like development of markets and shopping
complexes etc.
15.5 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF GMC
There are two wings in Gaya Municipal Corporation i.e. elected wings headed by Mayor
and Executive wings headed by Municipal Commissioner. The GMC functions through
various divisions within it. There are five major divisions in GMC such as General
Administration, Revenue, Health, Account and Engineering (Refer figure 15.1
organizational structure of GMC). The Engineering works related to water supply, civil
have been under one combined division named Engineering Division.
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Strength of GMC in terms of manpower resources showing details of sanctioned, filled
in and vacant positions.
Table 15.2: Details of Manpower Resources in Gaya Municipal Corporation, 2010
Designation Approved Working Vacant post On contract
Municipal Commissioner 1 1 0 0
Additional Commissioner 3 2 1 0
Executive Engineer 1 1 0 0
Asst. Engineer 1 0 1 0
Drafts Man 1 0 1 0
Office Superintendent 1 1 0 0
Accounts Officer 1 1 0 0
Tax Officer 1 1 0 0
Sectional Officer 10 8 2 0
UDC 14 10 4 0
LDC 16 4 12 0
LD Typist 1 1 0 0
UD Typist 1 1 0 0
EE AE JE
EE AE JE
Figure 15.1: Organisational Structure Gaya Nagar Nigam
Gaya MC
Elected Executive
Board (Empowered Committee) Members
Mayor
Deputy Mayor
Other members nominated by chair person
Municipal Commissioner
Health Revenue Accounts Engineering
Chief Sanitary Inspector
Sanitary Inspector
Ward Inspector
Labour
Profess Tax Officer
UDC/LDC/ Tax Collection
Food License Officer
Dangerous Trade
Market
Account Officers
Staff
Civil Water Board
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Designation Approved Working Vacant post On contract
Cashier 1 1 0 0
Asst. Cashier 1 1 0 0
Copier 1 1 0 0
Electricity Inspector 1 1 0 0
Main Sanitary Inspector 1 1 0 0
Sanitary Inspector 4 3 1 0
Ward Inspector 16 9 7 0
Vaccinator 9 6 3 0
Tax Collector 18 16 2 0
Electric Mechanic 2 1 1 0
Occupation Tax Inspector 3 1 2 0
Road Sarkar 4 3 1 0
Park Inspector 1 1 0 0
Encroachment Officer 1 1 0 0
Warrant Officer 1 0 1 0
Jamadar 45 34 11 0
Store Mechanic 2 2 0 0
Hammer Man 1 1 0 0
Driver 16 16 0 0
Deputy Driver 18 12 6 0
Mechanic 1 1 0 0
Fire Man 1 0 1 0
Clerk 1 0 1 0
Peon 69 62 7 0
Guard 10 4 6 0
Gardener 18 14 4 0
Sweeper(For Office) 1 1 0 0
Sanitary Labor 784 324 460 0
Total 1083 548 535 0
Source: SPUR Cell
It is evident from the Table 15.2 that there are very few technical positions sanctioned,
for example, there is only one post sanctioned for Assistant Engineer. Same is the case
with Executive Engineers, Junior Engineers. About 50 percent of the sanctioned posts
are shown as vacant. Actually ULBs incur more expenses on O&M of service with adhoc
arrangements of manpower than a trained team which goes long way to improve the
capacity of ULBs for future.
In addition to the above mentioned manpower resources with GMC, various other line
departments and parastatal agencies are also involved in the provisioning of services
and utilities in GMC area. Prominent among such organizations from outside GMC
include ‐ PWD, NHAI, PHED, BSEB, ASI etc.
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15.6 FINANCIAL POSITION OF GAYA MUNICIPAL CORPORATION
The Chapter 18‐Financial Operating Plan explained the over view of Income &
Expenditure of Gaya Municipal Corporation.
After assessment of various sectors, it is envisaged at this stage that major capital
investments are required to be made on basic urban services. Such capital demanding
infrastructure facilities include water supply system, drainage and sewerage system,
roads and transportation infrastructure, solid waste management, slums development
etc.
The Consultants has been analysed all relevant sectors in detail and formulate
strategies to address all related sectoral issues to identify priority projects along with
financial aspects.
15.7 URBAN REFORMS
The main thrust of the revised strategy of urban renewal is to ensure improvement in
urban governance so that Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) and para‐statal agencies become
financially sound with enhanced credit rating and ability to access market capital for
undertaking new programmes and expansion of services. In this improved environment,
public‐private participation models for provisioning of various services would also
become feasible. To achieve this objective, State Governments, Urban Local Bodies and
para‐statal agencies will be required to accept implementation of an agenda of reforms.
The proposed reforms shall broadly fall into two categories:
a) Mandatory reforms
b) Optional reforms
All the mandatory and optional reforms shall be implemented by the State/ ULB/ Para‐
Statals within the Scheme period.
15.8 MANDATORY REFORMS
There will be two sets of mandatory reforms. Core reforms at ULB/ Parastatal level aim
at process re‐engineering through deployment of technology to enable more efficient,
reliable, timely services in a transparent manner. The other set of reforms are
framework related at State Level.
15.8.1 Reforms at Urban Local Body / Parastatal
i) Adoption of modern, accrual – based double entry system of accounting in Urban
Local Bodies / Parastatal
ii) Introduction of system of e‐governance using IT applications like, GIS and MIS for
various services provided by ULBs / Parastatal.
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iii) Reform of property tax with GIS, so that it becomes major source of revenue for
Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) and arrangements for its effective implementation so
that collection efficiency reaches at least 85% within next seven years.
iv) Levy of reasonable user charges by ULBs / Para‐statals with the objective that full
cost of operation and maintenance or recurring cost is collected within next
seven years. However, cities/towns in North East and other special category
States may recover at least 50% of operation & maintenance charges initially.
These cities/towns should graduate to full O&M cost recovery in a phased
manner.
v) Internal earmarking within local body, budgets for basic services to the urban
poor.
vi) Provision of basic services to urban poor including security of tenure at
affordable prices, improved housing, water supply, sanitation and ensuring
delivery of other already existing universal services of the Government for
education, health, and social security.
15.8.2 Reforms at State Level
i) Implementation of decentralization measures as envisaged in 74th Constitution
Amendment Act. States should ensure meaningful association/engagement of
ULBs in planning function of para‐statals as well as delivery of services to the
citizens.
ii) * Repeal of Urban Land Ceiling and Regulation Act.
iii) * Reform of Rent Control Laws balancing the interests of landlords and tenants.
iv) Rationalization of Stamp Duty to bring it down to no more than 5% within next
seven years.
v) Enactment of Public Disclosure Law to ensure preparation of medium‐term fiscal
plan of ULBs/ Parastatals and release of quarterly performance information to all
stakeholders
vi) Enactment of Community Participation Law to institutionalize citizen
participation and introducing the concept of Area Sabha in urban areas.
vii) Assigning or associating elected ULBs with “city planning function”. Over a period
of seven years, transferring all special agencies that deliver civic services in urban
areas to ULBs and creating accountability platforms for all urban civic service
providers in transition.
* Note: In respect of schemes relating to water supply and sanitation, the under
mentioned State level mandatory reforms may be taken as optional
reforms:
i. Repeal of Urban Land Ceiling Act
ii. Reform of Rent Control Act
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15.9 OPTIONAL REFORMS
i) Revision of bye‐laws to streamline the approval process for construction of
buildings, development of sites, etc.
ii) Simplification of legal and procedural frameworks for conversion of agricultural
land for non‐agricultural purposes.
iii) Introduction of Property Title Certification System in ULBs.
iv) Earmarking at least 20‐25% of developed land in all housing projects (both
Public and Private Agencies) for EWS/LIG category with a system of cross
subsidization.
v) Introduction of computerization process of registration of land and property.
vi) Revision of bye‐laws to make rain water harvesting mandatory in all buildings
and adoption of water conservation measures.
vii) Bye‐laws for reuse of recycled water
viii) Administrative reforms i.e. reduction in establishment by bringing out voluntary
retirement schemes, non‐filling up of posts falling vacant due to retirement etc.,
and achieving specified milestones in this regard.
ix) Structural reforms
x) Encouraging Public Private Partnership
Note: Any two optional reforms to be implemented together by State & ULBs /
Parastatal in each year.
15.10 ADOPTION OF MUNICIPAL REFORMS
Since these reforms are envisaged to be implemented in all the local bodies in the
country, instead of dictated by the Central and State government, the Local body needs
to adopt a proactive approach to undertake the implementation of some of the
reforms. This will facilitate the local body to improve their managerial, financial and
service delivery functions in an efficient and effective manner, make urban governance
citizen friendly and also provide transparent urban governance.
15.10.1 Status of Mandatory Reforms at Gaya Municipal Corporation
With the Stakeholder consultation of all officials of Gaya Municipal Corporation and
observations on functioning of the Urban Local Body, it has been established that the
urban local body has made efforts to implement some of the mandatory reforms.
Agenda‐wise status of mandatory reforms at urban local body as under:
a) Accrual‐based double entry system of accounting: Presently Gaya Municipal
Corporation is planning to initiate the double accounting system and computerized
and online tax collection system. Gaya Municipal Corporation is in the process to
develop and prepare the website for Municipal Corporation where online tax
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payment system will be possible. At the present situation Municipal Corporation is
using single entry cash basis accounting system records transactions only on receipt
and payment of cash (for income and expenditure items) and not when such income
and expenses accrue to ULBs. As a result, an analysis of the true and fair view of the
activities of the ULBs is not possible as income accrued and expenditure incurred,
are not clearly reflected in the financial statements of the ULBs. Whereas, under
double entry system all income and expenses relating only to a particular
accounting period are recorded clearly and separately, whether these have been
actually received or paid. This system of accounting is well accepted by the Financial
Institutions, lending agencies and all other outside bodies.
It was reported that municipal personnel were started given training by SPUR with
State Government’s permission on Budgeting, Revenue Generation Agendas and
Urban Reform but accrual based double entry accounting system will start later.
b) E‐governance using IT applications like, GIS and MIS for various services: Gaya
Municipal Council (GMC) has partially been computerised. GMC is successfully able
to create few important data‐bases and implement some of the MIS activities. The
Municipal Information System (MIS) is an accurate database giving all the details of
the municipal services, personnel and financial status of the municipalities. The
GMC has partially computerised the billing section of Municipal Corporation. The
ULB has already realised the impacts of computerisation. The tax collection
reportedly has increased Rs. 162.60 lakhs to 250.51 lakhs from 2005‐06 to 2007‐08.
In 2008‐09 financial years it was 247.11 Lakhs.
The capacity building activity started recently in Gaya Municipal Corporation. There
has been lack of motivation on part of municipal employees. This poses a challenge
for the municipal management authorities and needs to be taken care of on urgent
basis.
c) Reform of property tax with GIS: As regard to GIS application in municipal
functions, GMC is yet to make any headway. GIS mapping of properties and utilities
need to be done to manage municipal affairs spatially including property tax
collection. With the permission of Bihar State Government GIS applications and
Mapping system will be start shortly in Gaya.
d) Levy of reasonable user charges: There is no water meters installed in Gaya
Municipal Corporation. Rs. 750 is charged as water connection charges on every
new connection. GMC also collects some marginal amount as consolidated tax (for
cleaning, fire fighting and street lighting). Local body officials are of the view that
levying any further taxes are not feasible due to socio‐political reasons.
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e) O&M cost recovery in a phased manner: Very small percentage of total O&M cost
on water supply is recovered through levying water tax. A marginal cost is recovered
through consolidated tax.
f) Earmarking within local body, budgets for basic services to the urban poor: GMC is
not able to spend amount from local budget on basic services for urban poor.
g) Provision of basic services to urban poor including security of tenure at affordable
prices, improved housing, water supply, sanitation etc.: Due to financial scarcity,
GMC is not able to take up any development works from its internal budget and
implements only government sponsored projects targeting urban poor.
15.10.2 Status of Optional Reforms at Gaya Municipal Corporation
Gaya Municipal Corporation is not able to take up optional reforms due to lack of
human and financial resources, weak operation and maintenance system, lack of E‐
governance system etc. It has been mentioned earlier that the local body is facing lot of
difficulties due to shortage of qualified, skilled manpower as various technical post are
lying vacant. Out of 1083 sanctioned posts and approved posts 535 (about 50%) are
vacant.
15.11 ISSUES AND FINDINGS
The issues related to Urban Reforms at Municipal Corporation of Gaya are as under:
Various mandatory reforms at local body level are not being implemented
because of shortage of qualified and skilled manpower in the organisation;
Computerisation of the database is in place only for few of the aspects;
Capacity building activities have been recently started;
Levying user charges to recover O&M cost is a typical problem in any municipal
organisation of this size. It further gets complicated due to socio‐political
interference;
GIS mapping of properties and utilities to improve tax collection and
management could not be taken up yet due to lack of funds to create database;
There are no formal City Civic Centres for citizens of Gaya at convenient places.
If such city civic centres are established at strategic locations along with
improved basic service provisions, it will directly improve image of the local
body on one hand instill confidence in citizenry on the other which in turn raise
willingness to pay increased user charges thereby improving cost recovery of
basic services offered by GMC.
Small size of budget doesn’t permit local body to take up any welfare projects
for urban poor from its own resources.
Efforts have been started to implement the mandatory reforms whereas GMC
yet to take any way forward for implementing optional reforms.
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15.12 STRATEGIES AND PROJECTS IDENTIFIED
While appreciating efforts made by GMC towards taking up municipal reforms in the
past, we strongly recommend further making renewed sincere efforts to implement
reforms. It is in the interest of local body to implement reforms to access funds
available with central and state governments. With a view to strengthen and enable the
local body to implement reform agenda, following proposed projects are expected to
bring in the desired reforms at Gaya Municipal Corporation.
The strategy to implement recommended reforms shall be to fund following projects
enabling local body to manage its affairs efficiently and in transparent manner. These
efforts along with refurbished and provisioning of adequate basic infrastructure
facilities are expected to strengthen the financial status of local body and shall make
the entire municipal functions sustainable. This will increase confidence of citizenry in
capabilities of GMC.
Table 15.3: Identified Projects
S.N. Identified Projects Phase‐I Phase‐II Phase‐III
Qty Qty Qty
1 Double Entry Accounting System (software & training)
Phase‐I ‐ ‐
2 E‐Governance (IT application‐GIS, MIS) Phase‐I ‐ ‐
3 Capacity Buildings and Training Programmes
Phase‐I ‐ ‐
4 Decentralised Complaint Redressed Phase‐I ‐ ‐
5 Contingencies Phase‐I ‐ ‐
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| City Vision, Goals & Strategies i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
16 CITY VISION, GOALS AND STRATEGIES .......................................................... 16‐1 16.1 BACKGROUND .................................................................................................... 16‐1 16.2 CITY LEVEL SWOT ANALYSIS............................................................................... 16‐1 16.3 CITY LEVEL VISION 2030 ..................................................................................... 16‐2 16.4 DEVELOPMENT GOALS ...................................................................................... 16‐3 16.5 DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES .............................................................................. 16‐4
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16 CITY VISION, GOALS AND STRATEGIES
16.1 BACKGROUND
On the basis of detailed sectoral analysis, SWOT and vision for the Gaya city discussed
during multiple stakeholders’ consultations in stages, every time modifying the
statement incorporating the feedback and aspirations of the various stakeholders as a
strategy to achieve an understanding on common vision; this chapter is intended to
show city level SWOT, city vision and city level goals and strategies in comprehensive
manner. The detailed sectoral analysis, SWOT, sectoral vision and sectoral goals and
strategies have been discussed in all respective chapters.
Developing a shared and unanimous City Vision is the key to the preparation of City
Development Plan (CDP). A vision is a statement where the city wishes to go, within a
given timeframe, and often expressed in clear expectations. The statement summarises
the future city and helps visualize the future destination for the city so that all efforts,
strategies, actions are oriented towards it without losing focus. Therefore, a vision
aligns stakeholders’ energies to work cohesively for the development of the city. All
objectives, strategies, programmes and projects must be aligned with the vision of the
city.
Vision defines the potential of the city and reflects its unique attributes in terms of
comparative and competitive advantages, values and preferences of the city’s
residents, its place in the larger spectrum of settlements at local, regional, national and
international levels. A realistic city vision is also a statement of intent which evolves
within the physical and historical constraints of the city.
Developing a shared and unanimously accepted City Vision is a real challenge. Balancing
the demands arising out of competing sectors of activities, different interest groups of
the town and various environmental constraints, which generally gets neglected by
individual stakeholders’, requires significant efforts of consensus building.
16.2 CITY LEVEL SWOT ANALYSIS
STRENGTHS OPPORTUNITIES
Strategic location and strong
transportation network with the all
major settlement within the district and
Strong potential for development of
commercial and industrial regional
center.
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state and national level.
Major pilgrimage destination
Natural slope and physiographic condition of Gaya is suitable for various
infrastructure developments.
Availability of large skilled and non skilled human resource.
Presence of private sector initiatives.
Intensive tourism base as it is a
pilgrimage and historical place.
Huge potential for water harvesting and ground water recharge.
Potential for economic development
due to industries, trade and tourism
activities.
WEAKNESS THREATS
Encroachments, unorganized market
base or commercial centers.
Lack of technology to boost the economic development.
Flooding in low lying areas. Lack of organized city level public
transportation and road network system
(parking, medians, footpaths, signals,
road marking etc.)
Lack of physical and social infrastructure in city.
Over stressed infrastructure at city level.
Increasing pollution level (Water, Air
and Land).
Pollution of Falgu River Large slum population without basic
amenities.
16.3 CITY LEVEL VISION 2030
In order to ensure peoples’ participation in City Development Planning and
implementation, wide scale consultations with stakeholders’ were held at Gaya city.
Open discussions on tentative vision statement, incorporating desired modifications at
each stage of consultations based on feedback, have helped in evolving the city vision
for Gaya city. The unanimously agreed vision statement is as under:
“Gaya is visualized as a Regional Service Centre with well defined
hierarchical commercial centers and as a pilgrimage & leisure
destination with thriving sustained economy supported by quality
physical & social infrastructure for citizenry and visiting tourist.”
Supporting the above vision, a set of development objectives has been formulated.
These objectives put forward specific targets that Gaya city wishes to achieve in a given
timeframe. Sector goals have been set based on the benchmarks for each of the core
sectors keeping in focus the agreed vision. To achieve the goal set for each sector,
alternative strategies have been formulated and debated during stakeholders’
consultations resulting in identification of priority projects.
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The ‘Vision‐2030’ envisages Gaya primarily a major regional economic and education
center with pilgrimage in the tourist circuits of Bodhgaya, Nalanda and Rajgir and
eventually establishes itself on tourism map of the country. The efforts being made by
the Bihar Tourism Development Corporation and Gaya Nagar Nigam in this direction are
appreciable which is reflected in continuous increase in tourist arrival. Development
and conservation efforts for rich religious and pilgrimage center and historical
structures at Gaya indicate promising future for tourism industry.
The future prospects of industries (Agro based, handloom etc.) at Gaya were one of
the important economic activity suggested by majority of the stakeholders. The
handloom industry with immense potential is being viewed central to overall
development of Gaya which can trigger the development of other associated
developing sectors including tourism.
To optimize and reap the development benefits of economic sector activities like
manufacturing industry, tourism adequate, improved and well coordinated physical
and social infrastructure will be a pre‐requisite and also to support life and economy of
Gaya on sustainable basis. Therefore, the emphasis on basic infrastructure
development such as water supply, sewerage, drainage, road, transportation and
communication etc. is well placed.
One of the basic functions of Gaya city, in addition to its fast developing economic
activities, is to serve its rural hinterland as a ‘Regional Service Centre’. Gaya offers
almost all service centre functions to the surrounding rural settlements including
agricultural marketing facility, trade and commerce, agricultural inputs,
administrative headquarters, judicial court, educational facilities like industrial
training institute, handloom training centre, higher secondary schools etc.
Thus, Gaya is expected to strengthen its economy based on tourism and industry, serve
the rural surroundings with its improved and higher level facilities as regional growth
centre.
16.4 DEVELOPMENT GOALS
Sectoral development goals have been set considering various important factors which
have bearing on its achievements resulting into realization of city vision by the horizon
year 2030. Development goals have been detailed out independently discussed for all
sectors in respective chapters on the basis of priority. While formulating the city goals,
which are based on sectoral goals and consultations with the city stakeholders, it has
been ensured that they are socially beneficial, contextual, environmentally sustainable,
financially viable, institutionally executable and politically acceptable.
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16.5 DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES
The gap between existing status of Gaya and the city visualized by 2030 is to be bridged.
There may be different strategies to achieve the sector goals to realize the city vision.
Each strategy will have its own advantages and disadvantages. Alternative strategies for
meeting the gap are evaluated and selected on the basis of their contributions to its
goal, objectives and the reform agenda.
Selection of right strategy to achieve the corresponding sectoral goal is as important as
developing a vision for the city for CDP. Therefore, the Consultants through multiple
consultations with key stakeholders and in‐depth SWOT analysis of the existing status
of various sectors and experience of planning and development management of similar
towns have selected the sector strategy to achieve the set goals. While doing so, the
focus has been on the optimization of benefits to the larger population particularly the
disadvantaged sections, potential beneficiaries and target groups. Therefore, selection
of a strategy aims at ensuring maximum impact.
Formulation of development strategy aims at achieving the vision and expected
outcomes. Expected outcomes of any service provision are to ensure universal access to
a minimum level of services. Therefore, sector strategies have been formulated keeping
in view its adaptability in the given context, sustainability, acceptability, financial
viability and to ensure institutional efficiency and efficacy to achieve the vision.
City Development Plan, Gaya
| City Investment Plan i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
17 CITY INVESTMENT PLAN ........................................................................... 17‐1 17.1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 17‐1 17.2 PROJECT IDENTIFICATION AND PHASING ...................................................... 17‐1 17.3 OVERALL INVESTMENT PLAN ......................................................................... 17‐1 17.4 SECTOR WISE INVESTMENT PLAN ................................................................. 17‐2 17.4.1 Economic Development ................................................................................ 17‐2 17.4.2 Water Supply ................................................................................................. 17‐3 17.4.3 Sewerage and Sanitation ............................................................................... 17‐4 17.4.4 Drainage ........................................................................................................ 17‐4 17.4.5 Solid Waste Management ............................................................................. 17‐5 17.4.6 Roads and Transportation ............................................................................. 17‐5 17.4.7 Social Infrastructure ...................................................................................... 17‐6 17.4.8 Urban Poor and Slums ................................................................................... 17‐7 17.4.9 Heritage and Tourism .................................................................................... 17‐7 17.4.10 E‐Governance and Reforms .......................................................................... 17‐8 List of Tables
Table 17.1: City Investment Plan for Gaya City (2011‐2030) ......................................... 17‐2 Table 17.2: City Investment Plan for Economy .............................................................. 17‐3 Table 17.3: City Investment Plan for Water Supply ....................................................... 17‐3 Table 17.4: City Investment for Sewerage & Sanitation ................................................ 17‐4 Table 17.5: City Investment Plan for Drainage ............................................................... 17‐5 Table 17.6: City Investment Plan for Solid Waste Management .................................... 17‐5 Table 17.7: City Investment Plan for Roads and Transportation ................................... 17‐6 Table 17.8: Social Infrastructure ..................................................................................... 17‐7 Table 17.9: Services to Urban Poor ................................................................................ 17‐7 Table 17.10: Heritage and Tourism ................................................................................ 17‐7 Table 17.11: City Investment Plan for E Governance and Reforms ............................... 17‐8
City Development Plan, Gaya
| City Investment Plan 17‐1
17 CITY INVESTMENT PLAN
17.1 INTRODUCTION
City Investment Plan in line with the vision formulated for the Gaya city have been
prepared through a comprehensive process of project identification based on
assessment of the physical and social infrastructure, strategies adopted and
stakeholders consultations.
The strategies adopted for achieving the goals and vision for city primarily has three
objectives. One improving the service delivery by efficiency measures, second
improving service delivery by creating infrastructure assets and third, improving the
governance aspects of Gaya Municipal Corporation. This chapter summaries projects
identified, phase wise capital investment required for project implementation.
17.2 PROJECT IDENTIFICATION AND PHASING
The project identification has been done through a demand supply gap analysis of the
infrastructure and services, feedbacks of stakeholder’s workshops, consultations with
senior citizens of the town and officials of local body and recommendations of Master
Plan prepared for Gaya which are yet to be implemented. Considering the identified
goals, strategies and projects for each sector, investment plans have been prepared.
Overall investment plan for Gaya city with detailed projects for each of the major
sectors have been represented in the following section.
On the basis of sectoral priorities and financial health of the local body and funding
patterns, the investment plan has been prepared and proposed to be implemented in
three phases. The phases are as follows:
Phase‐I: 2011‐2016
Phase‐II: 2016‐2021 and
Phase‐III: 2021‐2030
17.3 OVERALL INVESTMENT PLAN
Total investment proposed for the overall development of the town includes
development of water supply system, sewerage system, drainage system, solid waste
management infrastructure, roads and transportation, social infrastructure facilities,
housing and basic services for urban poor and slums and E‐governance and municipal
City Development Plan, Gaya
| City Investment Plan 17‐2
reforms implementation. Overall investment for city and sector wise investment
estimated has been represented in Table 17.1.
Table 17.1: City Investment Plan for Gaya City (2011‐2030)
Sectors
Investment Required (Rs. crore)
Total Sector‐wise Distribution
(%) Phase‐I Phase‐II Phase‐III
(2011‐16) (2016‐21) (2021‐30)
Economic Development 49.00 34.00 ‐ 83.00 8.90
Water Supply 106.39 30.76 ‐ 137.15 14.7
Sewerage and Sanitation 98.35 41.50 ‐ 139.85 14.9
Drainage 48.30 8.50 ‐ 56.80 6.09
Solid Waste Management 49.76 12.67 6.33 68.76 7.4
Roads and Transportation 163.92 102.45 21.00 287.37 30.8
Street Lights and Power 9.61 ‐ 9.61 1.03
Social Infrastructure 17.85 12.20 5.75 35.80 3.84
Services to Urban Poor 15.00 17.37 15.00 47.37 5.08
Heritage and Tourism 41.00 22.00 ‐ 63.00 6.75
E‐governance and Municipal Reforms
4.32 ‐ ‐ 4.32 0.46
TOTAL 603.51 281.44 48.08 933.03 100.00 Phase‐wise Distribution
(%) 64.68 30.16 5.15 100.00
As mentioned in Table 17.1 total investments proposed for overall development of the
town is Rs. 933 Crores of which maximum (30.8% of total investment) required is for
roads and transportation, followed by sewerage system (14.9%) and water supply
system (14.7%). Gaya being a major service centre for Gaya district, traffic and
transportation play an important role in the economic development of the town and
hence needs to be improved on priority in addition to water supply as it is the most
important basic infrastructure required for living in any city.
17.4 SECTOR WISE INVESTMENT PLAN
Major projects identified for improvement in each of the sectors and phasewise
investments for each of them are as following and financial operating plan for each of
the project is shown in Chapter 18.
17.4.1 Economic Development
Main economic sector in Gaya town is Trade and Commerce followed by small and
medium industries. Thus investments required to develop the infrastructure to support
the key economic sectors of town are presented in Table 17.2.
City Development Plan, Gaya
| City Investment Plan 17‐3
Table 17.2: City Investment Plan for Economy
S. N.
Projects Identified Total Cost
Phase ‐ I (2011‐16)
Phase ‐II (2016‐21)
Phase ‐ II(2021‐30)
(Rs. In Crore)
1 Renovation of existing municipal markets 2.5 1.5 1 ‐
2 Construction of Industrial Sheds / Promotion Zone to accommodate 250 household and small scale Units/ industries
25 25 ‐ ‐
3 Construction of Export/ Import Market Complexes/ Household industrial shelters, Trade Centres with Storage facilities
7.5 ‐ 7.5 ‐
4 Shopping / Commercial Complex 28 14 14 ‐
5 Platforms for Weekly Market/ Vegetable 15 6 9 ‐
6 Dairy promotion and product processing units 5 2.5 2.5 ‐
TOTAL 83 49 34 ‐
Overall investment proposed to improve the economic infrastructure is Rs. 83 crores of
which Rs. 49 crores is proposed to be invested in Phase‐I and Rs. 34 Crores in Phase‐II.
One of the major projects identified is development of shopping complex for orgainsed
markets in which Rs. 28 crores is proposed to be invested and second development of
promotion zones for household and small scale industries for which Rs. 25 crores is
required.
17.4.2 Water Supply
Existing water supply infrastructure is inadequate and in dilapidated condition, due to
which water supplied is not adequate and hence frequency of water supply is less. In
order to improve the overall coverage of water supply, frequency, quantity and quality
of water supplied rehabilitation of existing system and new proposals for augmentation
of water supply system to serve the population of Gaya town up to 2030 has been
proposed and detailed projects identified and investment plan proposed has been
shown in Table 17.3 which will be invested in two phases.
Table 17.3: City Investment Plan for Water Supply
S. N.
Projects Identified Total Cost
Phase‐I (2011‐16)
Phase‐II (2016‐21)
Phase‐III (2021‐30)
(Rs. In Crore)
1 Total cost of Main W/S pipeline 3.5 3.5 ‐ ‐
Fixtures and fittings (20%) 0.7 0.7 ‐ ‐
2 Total cost of distribution W/S pipeline 19.5 14.5 5 ‐
Fixtures and fittings (20%) 3.9 2.9 1 ‐
3 Construction of underground tank, pump house with 6 nos. of pump sets (Raw Water)
15 15 ‐ ‐
4
Total cost of Overhead reservoirs (25 lakh capacity each)
25 18.75 6.25 ‐
Pumps and pumping station (20%) 5 3.75 1.25 ‐
Fixtures and fittings (20%) 6 4.5 1.5 ‐
5 Total cost of underground reservoirs 9.6 6.4 3.2 ‐
6 Total cost of filtration / treatment works 36.48 26.72 9.76 ‐
City Development Plan, Gaya
| City Investment Plan 17‐4
S. N.
Projects Identified Total Cost
Phase‐I (2011‐16)
Phase‐II (2016‐21)
Phase‐III (2021‐30)
(Rs. In Crore)
(100 MLD capacity),(80 % of Reservoirs)
7 O & M, Contingency Charges (10 % of Total Water Supply Cost)
12.47 9.672 2.796 ‐
Total 137.15 106.4 30.8 ‐
Out of the overall investment of Rs. 137.15 Crores planned for Gaya town water supply
system, Rs. 106.4 Crores (77.6%) is planned to invest in phase‐I to achieve a goal of
100% coverage for existing developed area and Rs 30.8 Crores (22.4%) is planned to
invest in phase‐II to cover the serve the future development of the town.
17.4.3 Sewerage and Sanitation
In absence of any sewerage system in town, waste water from households flows into
open drains and untreated waste finally enters into Falgu River and other open spaces
creating unhygienic condition in town. However, to achieve the goal of 100% coverage
of sewerage system in town and to improve the sanitary condition in town, piped
sewerage collection, treatment plant and effluent disposal has been planned in two
phases. Investment plan proposed are presented in Table 17.4.
Table 17.4: City Investment for Sewerage & Sanitation
Table 17.4 shows that overall investment required to improve the sanitation and
sewerage system of the town is Rs. 139.8 Crores of which 70.3% is proposed to be to be
invested in Phase‐I to provide 100% coverage of present town. Further community
toilets and public toilets are proposed to improve the sanitation condition in low
income areas where there is lack of individual toilets and at public place. However to
improve the overall sanitation in town, individual toilets connected with sewerage
system needs to be implemented.
17.4.4 Drainage
Existing drainage system in Gaya town has limited coverage and of inadequate capacity
due to which there is situation of flooding in various parts of town especially during
rainy season. Thus to improve the drainage system of the town strengthening of the
S. N. Projects Identified Total Cost
Phase‐I (2011‐16)
Phase‐II (2016‐21)
Phase‐III (2021‐30)
(Rs. In Crore)
1 Cost of main pipe line installation 30 30 ‐ ‐
2 Cost for secondary & collector line 44.8 35.7 9.1 ‐
3 Construction cost of treatment plant of 80 MLD (2 nos, 40 MLD each)
64 32 32 ‐
4 Community Toilet Blocks with bath facility 0.3 0.15 0.15 ‐
5 Public Toilet without bath facility 0.75 0.5 0.25 ‐
Total 139.85 98.35 41.5 ‐
City Development Plan, Gaya
| City Investment Plan 17‐5
existing drains and construction of new drains to cover the full town has been
proposed.
Table 17.5: City Investment Plan for Drainage
S. N. Projects Identified Total Cost
Phase‐I (2011‐16)
Phase‐II (2016‐21)
Phase‐III (2021‐30)
(Rs. In Crore)
1 Main line (In km) 9 9 ‐ ‐
2 Secondary & Tertiary drains , length (In km) 44 36 8 ‐
3 Strengthening of existing drain (In km) 2.3 2.3 ‐ ‐
4 Construction of Waste Water Treatment Plant 10 MLD capacity each (In nos.)
1.5 1 0.5 ‐
Total 56.8 48.3 8.5 ‐
Overall investment proposed for drainage system of the town is Rs. 56.8 crores. In
addition to improve the drainage coverage, waste water treatement plant has been
proposed on main drains to treat the waste water before entering into Falgu River as a
short term measure till the complete sewerage system will be in place.
17.4.5 Solid Waste Management
One of the important basic infrastructures required to improve the quality of life of
people in town is solid waste management, which is commonly poor in small towns like
Gaya. Partial door to door collection, inadequate secondary collection and segregation,
inefficient transportation and absence of scientific disposal of waste creates filthy
situation in town. Thus reorgaisation of whole solid waste management system needs
to be done in town for which Rs. 68.76 crores has been proposed to be invested.
Table 17.6: City Investment Plan for Solid Waste Management
S. N. Projects Identified Total Cost
Phase‐I (2011‐16)
Phase‐II (2016‐21)
Phase‐III (2021‐30)
(Rs. In Crore)
1 Solid Waste Management (Operation & Management)
36.9 36.9 ‐ ‐
2 Vehicles and Equipments (In nos.) 19.79 7.9 7.916 3.96
3 Landfill site development 0.11 0.11 ‐ ‐
4 Cost Index and Contigencies (In %) 11.9 4.8 4.7496 2.37
Total 68.76 49.76 12.67 6.33
17.4.6 Roads and Transportation
Roads and transport infrastructure becomes important for the town as it supports the
economy of the town. City Investment Plan for improving the roads and transportation
of the Gaya town has been presented in Table 17.7.
City Development Plan, Gaya
| City Investment Plan 17‐6
Table 17.7: City Investment Plan for Roads and Transportation
S. N. Projects Identified Total Cost
Phase‐I (2011‐16)
Phase‐II (2016‐21)
Phase‐III (2021‐30)
(Rs. Crores)
1 Up gradation of Bus Terminal 24 24 ‐ ‐
2 Truck Terminal 35 35 ‐ ‐
3 Footpaths (Rs. 1000 / sq. m.) 7.5 4.5 3 ‐
4 Parking lots (6 nos.) 90 30 45 15
5 Construction of passenger sheds 1 0.6 0.4 ‐
6 Up‐gradation and Strengthening of roads within the city and for missing links.
46.8 35.1 11.7 ‐
7 Construction of R.C.C. Bridge 15 15 ‐
8 Construction of ring road 18 18 ‐
9 New road construction 15 ‐ 9 6
10 Repairing of the city road 25 15 10 ‐
11 Signage, Road Markings and Pedestrian Crossing etc
0.32 0.22 0.1 ‐
12 Foot Over Bridge 1 0.5 0.5 ‐
13 Junction and traffic signal improvement 8 4 4 ‐
14 Comprehensive Mobility Plan 0.75 ‐ 0.75 ‐
15 Conventional Street Lights 4.1 4.1
16 Solar Lights 5.5 5.5
Total 296.97 173.52 102.45 21.0
Overall investment proposed to improve roads and transportation for the Gaya city is
Rs. 296.97 Crores of which Rs. 173.5 Crores (58.4%) will be required in Phase‐I, 34.5%
of overall investment will be required in Phase‐II and rest will be required in Phase‐III.
To take care of immediate concerns, strengthening and repairing of existing roads has
been proposed to be done on priority. Further a ring road has been proposed to ease
the congestion in town due to through traffic passing from Gaya. In addition transport
infrastructure such as bus terminal, truck terminal, parking lots, passenger sheds have
been proposed to be develop to strengthen the transportation system of Gaya.
17.4.7 Social Infrastructure
Presence of social infrastructure along with the physical infrastructure is important to
have a quality life in any town. There is lack of recreational and open spaces in Gaya
which is important for good living environment. Thus various types of social
infrastructure such as city level park, neighbourhood parks, multipurpose halls, fire
station, cremation ground etc. are proposed to develop for which overall investment of
Rs. 35.8 Crores has been estimated. Project wise investments required are presented in
Table 17.8.
City Development Plan, Gaya
| City Investment Plan 17‐7
Table 17.8: Social Infrastructure
S. N. Projects Identified Total Cost
Phase‐I
(2011‐16)
Phase‐II
(2016‐21)
Phase‐III
(2021‐30)
(Rs. In Crore)
1 Multipurpose Community Hall 5 2 1.5 1.5
2 Neighbourhood Parks 4.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
3 Recreational Centers 7.5 2.5 2.5 2.5
4 City Park 3 1.5 1.5
5 Night Shelters, Beggar’s Home 0.2 0.05 0.05 0.1
6 Welcome Gate/Check Post 0.2 0.1 0.05 0.05
7 Fire Station 15 10 5
8 Cremation Ground 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1
Total 35.8 17.85 12.2 5.75
17.4.8 Urban Poor and Slums
Development of housing and basic infrastructure services for urban poor and slum
inhabitants is focus of the State Government and Central Government. In this view
special programmes like BSUP, IHSDP and DFID are under implementation in various
small and medium towns. Thus to improve the living condition of slum dwellers it has
been proposed that all the infrastructure provided in slums should be at par with the
other parts of the town and will be taken care while developing the infrastructure in
town. Investment proposed to improve the housing condition in slums is of Rs. 47.4
crores.
Table 17.9: Services to Urban Poor
S. N. Projects Identified Total Cost
Phase‐I (2011‐16)
Phase‐II (2016‐21)
Phase‐III (2021‐30)
(Rs. In Crore)
1 Provision of Housing 47.37 15 17.37 15
Total 47.37 15 17.37 15
17.4.9 Heritage and Tourism
Gaya is a mainly a prigrim center who comes to offer funerary offerings (or pinds) at the
Ghats along the river and pray for the souls of their ancestors. There are number of
religious tourist sites in Gaya which needs to renovated, conserved as heritage sites and
developed to attract tourists. Thus overall investment required to be invested for
heritage conservation and tourism development is Rs. 63 Crores, details of which are
presented in Table 17.10.
Table 17.10: Heritage and Tourism
S.N Projects Identified Total Cost
Phase‐I (2011‐16)
Phase‐II (2016‐21)
Phase‐III (2021‐30)
(Rs. In Crore)
1 Conservation & Development of Vishnupad , Brahmyoni, Ramshila, Pitamaheshwar, Sitakund
8 8 ‐ ‐
2 Redevelopment & Up gradation of Pilgrimage and all Heritage Sites and Sarovars
25 25 ‐ ‐
City Development Plan, Gaya
| City Investment Plan 17‐8
3 Rivers Front Development (Channelization work and Lake formation in river bed including Steps or Check Dam, Landscaping)
30 8 22 ‐
Total 63 41 22 ‐
17.4.10 E‐Governance and Reforms
Development of E‐Governance system and implementation of reforms are important to
increase the capacity of the local bodies to implement the development projects and to
maintain the infrastructure developed. Major projects identified for e‐governance and
reforms implementation are development of double entry accounting system, MIS and
GIS implementation etc. which will make the functioning of local body more organised
and improve the efficiency of revenue collection by local body. In this view an
investment plan of Rs. 4.32 Crores has been proposed which has been shown in Table
17.11.
Table 17.11: City Investment Plan for E Governance and Reforms
S. N. Projects Identified Total Cost
Phase‐I (2011‐16)
Phase‐II (2016‐21)
Phase‐III (2021‐30)
(Rs. In Crore)
1 Double Entry Accounting System (software & training)
0.25 0.25 ‐
2 E‐Governance (IT application‐GIS, MIS) 0.98 0.98 ‐
3 Capacity Buildings and Training Programmes
2 2 ‐
4 Decentralised Complaint Redressal 0.37 0.37 ‐
5 Contingencies 0.72 0.72 ‐
Total 4.32 4.32 ‐
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Financial Operating Plan i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
18 FINANCIAL OPERATING PLAN ................................................................... 18‐1 18.1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 18‐1 18.2 FINANCIAL PROFILE: EXISTING SCENARIO ..................................................... 18‐1 18.3 SOURCES OF REVENUE .................................................................................. 18‐1 18.4 REVENUE INCOME ......................................................................................... 18‐1 18.4.1 Growth of Income ......................................................................................... 18‐2 18.5 REVENUE EXPENDITURE ................................................................................ 18‐3 18.6 SURPLUS/DEFICIT ........................................................................................... 18‐4 18.7 FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY ........................................................................... 18‐5 18.8 INVESTMENT REQUIRMENT .......................................................................... 18‐6 18.9 FUNDING PATTERN ........................................................................................ 18‐7 18.10 FUTURE POTENTIAL OF GMC CONSIDERING PAST TRENDS (ALTERNATE‐I) 18‐10 18.11 FUTURE POTENTIAL OF GMC BASED ON SPURs ASSUMPTION (ALTERNATE‐II)18‐10 18.11.1 Assumptions for Estimating GMC’s Financials ............................................ 18‐10 18.11.2 Financial Projections ................................................................................... 18‐11 18.12 COMPARISION OF ALTERNATE‐I and ALTERNATE‐II .................................... 18‐13 List of Tables
Table 18.1: Income of Gaya Municipal Corporation (Rs in lakh) .................................... 18‐2 Table 18.2 : Income Growth Rate (%) of Gaya Municipal Corporation .......................... 18‐2 Table 18.3: Structure of Total Income of Gaya Municipal Corporation ......................... 18‐2 Table 18.4: Efficiency of Property Tax Collection in GMC Area ...................................... 18‐3 Table 18.5: Expenditure of Gaya Municipal Corporation (Rs in lakh) ............................ 18‐3 Table 18.6: Growth Rate of Expenditure (%) of Gaya Municipal Corporation (Rs in lakh)18‐4 Table 18.7: Structure of Expenditure (%) ....................................................................... 18‐4 Table 18.8: Surplus/deficit (Rs Lakh) .............................................................................. 18‐4 Table 18.9: Financial Sustainability ................................................................................. 18‐5 Table 18.10: Fiscal Gap ................................................................................................... 18‐5 Table 18.11: City Investment Plan for Gaya City (2011‐2030) ....................................... 18‐6 Table 18.12: Funding Pattern for all Phases ................................................................... 18‐7 Table 18.13: Funding Amounts for Phase‐ I ................................................................... 18‐7 Table 18.14: Funding Amounts for Phase‐II ................................................................... 18‐8 Table 18.15: Funding Amounts for Phase‐III .................................................................. 18‐9 Table 18.16: Assessment of Requirement of Funds and Percentage Share from Sources18‐9 Table 18.17: Trend‐based Projection of Revenue and Expenditure ............................ 18‐10 Table 18.18: Assumptions by SPUR for future projection of financials of GMC .......... 18‐11 Table 18.19: Expected Income and Expenditure Based on SPUR Projection (Rs Lakh) 18‐11 Table 18.20: Funding of Nigam of its Share of Investment (Rs Lakh) ........................... 18‐12 Table 18.21: Comparision of Financials of GMC by Two Alternatives .......................... 18‐13
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Financial Operating Plan 18‐1
18 FINANCIAL OPERATING PLAN
18.1 INTRODUCTION
The Financial Operating Plan has two parts – the first part is the examination of financial
conditions of Gaya Municipal Corporation with the help of financial data obtained from
the budgetary statements for the period from 2008‐09 to 2010‐11 and the other part is
forecasting of income and expenditure to determine the level of monetary support the
Gaya Municipal Corporation may render from their own sources for different projects
to be undertaken under the aegis of Municipal Corporation. The second part also
includes the capital budgeting of the projects are to be undertaken.
18.2 FINANCIAL PROFILE: EXISTING SCENARIO
The examination of financial conditions is done by analyzing data on income and
expenditure for the period 2008‐09 to 2010‐11 obtained from SPUR. (Annexure IV, V &
VI)
18.3 SOURCES OF REVENUE
The Gaya Municipal Corporation has broadly two sources of income, viz. revenue, and
transfer from the government. The income from revenue sources can be considered as
“own source” or own resource and it has two components – tax and non‐tax. The
Municipal Corporation has several sources of revenue income. The income of Municipal
Corporation as transfer from government includes aid, grants and scheme‐specific
allocation.
18.4 REVENUE INCOME
Table 18.1 below shows the revenue receipts for the last 3 years. The total revenue
income in the year 2008‐09 was Rs 1235.92 lakh which reached to Rs 1705.81 lakh in
2009‐10. A steady increase in tax income is not observed. The rise in tax income was
highest in 2009‐10 but after that it fell down to Rs 401.00 lakh in 2010‐11. The rise in
non‐tax income was steady except 2009‐10. The income from assigned revenue,
revenue grants etc in 2009‐10 has increased more than 50% from 2008‐09.
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Financial Operating Plan 18‐2
Table 18.1: Income of Gaya Municipal Corporation (Rs in lakh)
Year Tax Non‐tax Total
(Owned income)
Assigned Rev, Rev Grants and Other
income
Total (Revenue income )
Capital Grants
Total Income
2008‐09 267.57 223.70 491.27 744.65 1,235.92 ‐ 1,235.92
2009‐10 503.88 71.46 575.34 1,130.47 1,705.81 644.65 2,350.47
2010‐11* 401.00 336.00 737.00 1,164.00 1,901.00 677.00 2,578.00
Source: SPUR; *Estimated
18.4.1 Growth of Income
The growth of total revenue income is 21.5% per year. The tax revenue has a growth
rate of 20.22% per annum. The rise of non‐tax income is 20.33% per year. The growth of
total income including capital grants 36.75% per year. The average growth rate of ‘own
resources’ (tax and non‐tax together) of Gaya Municipal Corporation is 20.270%.
Table 18.2 : Income Growth Rate (%) of Gaya Municipal Corporation
Annual Growth Rates
Tax Non‐tax Total (Owned
income)
Assigned Rev, Rev Grants and Other income
Total (Revenue income)
Total income
20.22 20.33 20.27 22.33 21.5 36.75
* Growth rate has been estimated with semi‐log model
Structure of Revenue
Table 18.3 gives the share of components of revenue in percentage. The average share
of tax component in total income is around 20%, the share of the non‐tax component is
less than 12%. The share of ‘own source’ in total income is around 30%. The ratio of
transfer and own income components in total income is 70:30. The own income is 37%
of total revenue receipts but 30% of total income.
Table 18.3: Structure of Total Income of Gaya Municipal Corporation
Year Tax Non‐tax Total
(Owned income)
Assigned Rev, Rev Grants and Other income
Total (Revenue income )
Capital Grants
Total
2008‐09 21.65 18.10 39.75 60.25 100.00 0.00 100.00
2009‐10 21.44 3.04 24.48 48.10 72.57 27.43 100.00
2010‐11 15.55 13.03 28.59 45.15 73.74 26.26 100.00
Average 19.55 11.39 30.94 51.17 82.10 17.90 100.00
Source: SPUR
Efficiency in Tax Collection
The efficiency in tax collection is measured as ratio of actual yield and potential yield.
The tax yield has been estimated on the basis of ARV approach. Table 18.4 shows that
tax efficiency is 17.12%, which means actual there is enough scope to improve the tax
collection efficiency.
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Financial Operating Plan 18‐3
Table 18.4: Efficiency of Property Tax Collection in GMC Area
Particulars Potential Actual
Total properties to be taxed 89622 56,378 Average ARV of properties 14,846 7,423
Total ARV of all properties 1,33,05,34,278 41,84,97,500
Holding Tax Liability = Tax Rate times Total ARV 11,97,48,085 3,76,64,775
Tax Collection 90% 49%
Tax Yield 10,77,73,277 1,84,55,740
Total Efficiency of Tax collection(Actual Yield / Potential Yield)
17.12
Source: SPUR; ARV = Annual Rental Value
18.5 REVENUE EXPENDITURE
Table 18.5 shows the revenue expenditure pattern of Gaya Municipal Corporation. The
expenditure in the head of salary and wage exhibits a rising trend over time. In 2008‐09
the expenditure of wage and salaries was Rs 674.38 lakh increased to Rs 800.85 lakh in
2009‐10, that is, more than 18% rise. But during the same period the total non‐
development expenditure increased more than 23%. The total expenditure was Rs
784.24 lakh in 2008‐09 and increased to Rs 923.95 lakh in 2009‐10 but again declined to
Rs 896.00 lakh in 2010‐11. The expenditure on schemes is found absent.
Table 18.5: Expenditure of Gaya Municipal Corporation (Rs in lakh)
Year
Non‐development Expenses Development Expenditure
Total Expenditure Estab.
Administration Expenditure
Finance & Interest
Expenditure
Misc Expend.
Total O & M Expenditure
Programme Expenditure Including capital expenditure, project investment
Total
2008‐09 674.38 10.97 ‐ 27.68 713.0 71.21 ‐ 71.21 784.2
2009‐10 800.85 59.46 ‐ 20.30 880.6 43.34 ‐ 43.34 923.9
2010‐11* 774.00 37.00 ‐ 25.00 836.0 60.00 ‐ 60.00 896.0
Source: SPUR; *Estimated
Growth of Expenditure
The growth of total expenditure is 6.6% per year. The wage and salaries increases per
year at the rate of rate of 6.88%. The rise of non‐development expenditure is nearly
8.0% per year (vide Table 18.6)
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Financial Operating Plan 18‐4
Table 18.6: Growth Rate of Expenditure (%) of Gaya Municipal Corporation (Rs in lakh)
Year
Non‐Development Expenses Development Expenditure
Total Expenditure Estab.
Admin. Expenditure
Finance & Interest
Expenditure
Misc Expenditure
Total O & M
Expenditure
Programme Expenditure Including Capital Expenditure, Project Investment
Total
Annual Growth Rate (%)
6.88 60.8 ‐ ‐5.08 7.95 ‐8.56 ‐ ‐8.56 6.66
* Growth rate has been estimated with semi‐log model
Structure of Expenditure
The expenditure on wage and salaries is more than 86% of total expenditure. The share
of administrative and miscellaneous expenditure is nearly 7% totalling 93% of
expenditure as non‐development expenditure. The average O &M cost is 7%. There is
no expenditure on programmes/projects or new asset formation (vide Table18.7)
Table 18.7: Structure of Expenditure (%)
Year
Non‐Development Expenses Development Expenditure
Total Expenditure
Estab. Admin. Expenditure
Finance & Interest Expenditure
Misc Expenditure
Total O & M Expenditure
Programme Expenditure Including Capital Expenditure, Project Investment
Total
2008‐09 85.99 1.40 0.00 3.53 90.9 9.08 0.00 9.08 100.00
2009‐10 86.68 6.44 0.00 2.20 95.3 4.69 0.00 4.69 100.00
2010‐11 86.38 4.13 0.00 2.79 93.3 6.70 0.00 6.70 100.00
Average 86.35 3.99 0.00 2.84 93.2 6.82 0.00 6.82 100.00
Source: SPUR
18.6 SURPLUS/DEFICIT
Table 18.8 shows that the average surplus of Gaya Municipal Corporation is 45%. In
2008‐09 more than 36% surplus surplus was generated, next year it was 45.84%
followed by 52.87% generation of surplus.
Table 18.8: Surplus/deficit (Rs Lakh) Year Revenue Income Revenue Expenditure Surplus/Deficit Ratio (%)
2008‐09 1,235.92 784.24 451.68 36.55
2009‐10 1,705.81 923.95 781.86 45.84
2010‐11 1,901.00 896.00 1,005.00 52.87
Average 45.08
Source: SPUR
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Financial Operating Plan 18‐5
18.7 FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY
The financial sustainability has been examined by determining the percentage of local
expenditure, that is, non‐development expenditure and O & M costs financed by own
resources, that is, income from tax and non‐tax sources. Table 18.9 shows that the
average financing rate is 69.06%, that is, in an average 69% of local expenditure is
financed by own resources of Gaya Municipal Corporation.
Table 18.9: Financial Sustainability
Year Total Own Resource Income (Rs Lakh)
Total Non‐development and O&M Expenditure
(Rs Lakh)
Percentage Expenditure Financed by own resources (%)
2008‐09 491.27 784.24 62.64
2009‐10 575.34 923.95 62.27
2010‐11 737.00 896.00 82.25
Average 69.06
It is observed from the Figure 18.1 below that even establishment costs are not covered
by own resources.
Figure 18‐1 : Establishment Cost
The fiscal of Gaya Municipal Corporation is 30.94%. The difference between total
expenditure and income from own resources/revenues when measured as percentage
of total expenditure is called fiscal gap. Table 18.10 shows the fiscal gap of Gaya
Municipal Corporation.
Table 18.10: Fiscal Gap
Year Total Own Resource Income (Rs Lakh)
Total Expenditure (Rs Lakh)
Fiscal Gap (%)
2008‐‐09 491.27 784.24 37.36
2009‐10 575.34 923.95 37.73
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Financial Operating Plan 18‐6
Year Total Own Resource Income (Rs Lakh)
Total Expenditure (Rs Lakh)
Fiscal Gap (%)
2010‐11 737.00 896.00 17.75
Average 30.94
18.8 INVESTMENT REQUIRMENT
Total investment proposed for the overall development of the town includes
development of water supply system, sewerage system, drainage system, solid waste
management infrastructure, roads and transportation, social infrastructure facilities,
housing and basic services for urban poor and slums and E‐governance and municipal
reforms implementation. Overall investment for city and sector wise investment
estimated has been represented in Table 18.11.
Table 18.11: City Investment Plan for Gaya City (2011‐2030)
Sectors
Investment Required (Rs. crore)
Total Sector‐wise Distribution
(%) Phase‐I Phase‐II Phase‐III
(2011‐16) (2016‐21) (2021‐30)
Economic Development 49.00 34.00 ‐ 83.00 8.90
Water Supply 106.39 30.76 ‐ 137.15 14.7
Sewerage and Sanitation 98.35 41.50 ‐ 139.85 14.9
Drainage 48.30 8.50 ‐ 56.80 6.09
Solid Waste Management 49.76 12.67 6.33 68.76 7.4
Roads and Transportation 163.92 102.45 21.00 287.37 30.8
Street Lights and Power 9.61 ‐ 9.61 1.03
Social Infrastructure 17.85 12.20 5.75 35.80 3.84
Services to Urban Poor 15.00 17.37 15.00 47.37 5.08
Heritage and Tourism 41.00 22.00 ‐ 63.00 6.75
E‐governance and Municipal Reforms
4.32 ‐ ‐ 4.32 0.46
TOTAL 603.51 281.44 48.08 933.03 100.00 Phase‐wise Distribution
(%) 64.68 30.16 5.15 100.00
As mentioned in Table 18.11 total investments proposed for overall development of the
town is Rs. 933 Crores of which maximum (30.8% of total investment) required is for
roads and transportation, followed by sewerage system (14.9%) and water supply
system (14.7%). Gaya being a major service centre for Gaya district, traffic and
transportation play an important role in the economic development of the town and
hence needs to be improved on priority in addition to water supply as it is the most
important basic infrastructure required for living in any city.
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Financial Operating Plan 18‐7
18.9 FUNDING PATTERN
An optimum funding pattern for investment proposed for identified projects of all the
sectors have been presented in Table 18.12. The funding pattern has been developed
keeping in view of government policy and programmes.
Table 18.12: Funding Pattern for all Phases
Sector Projects Funding Pattern (%)
GOI GOB ULB PPP
Water Supply All projects 80 10 10 0
Sewerage and Sanitation
All projects 80 10 10 0
Public Toilets 0 0 0 100
Drainage All projects 80 10 10 0
SWM Vehicles 0 0 0 100
All others 80 10 10 0
Transport
New Bus Truck Terminus 0 0 0 100
Parking lots 0 0 0 100
Ring road, new road, RCC bridge, Over bridge, Junction,
80 10 10 0
Footpath, shed, road improvement
0 90 10 0
CMP 0 90 10 0
Signage, Foot Bridge, Signal Improvement
80 10 10 0
Street Lighting 0 90 10 0
Social Infrastructure Rest 0 90 10 0
Recreational Center 0 0 0 100
Urban Poor All Projects 80 10 10 0
E‐Governance & Reforms
All Projects 0 90 10 0
Economic Development
Industrial Shed 60 30 0 10
Rest 0 0 100 0
Street Light All Projects 0 90 10 0
Heritage and Tourism
All Projects 80 10 10 0
Tables 18.13, 18.14 and 18.15 show the requirement of fund from different sources for
the projects to be undertaken in the three phases. The requirement of funds has been
shown sector‐wise and project‐wise.
Table 18.13: Funding Amounts for Phase‐ I
Sector Projects Amount (Rs. Crore)
Funding Pattern (%)
GOI GOB ULB PPP
Water Supply All Projects 106.4 85.1 10.64 10.64 0
Sewerage and Sanitation
All Projects 97.85 78.3 9.78 9.78 0
Public Toilets 0.5 0 0 0 0.5
Drainage All Projects 48.3 38.6 4.83 4.83 0
SWM Vehicles 7.92 0 0 0 7.92
All others 41.85 33.48 4.18 4.18 0
Transport New Bus Truck Terminus
59 0 0 0 59
Parking lots 30 0 0 0 30
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Financial Operating Plan 18‐8
Sector Projects Amount (Rs. Crore)
Funding Pattern (%)
GOI GOB ULB PPP
Ring road, new road, RCC bridge, Over bridge, Junction,
19.5 15.6 1.95 1.95 0
Footpath, shed, road improvement
55.2 0 49.68 5.52 0
CMP 0 0 0 0 0
Signage, Foot Bridge, Signal Improvement
0.22 0.17 0.02 0.02 0
Street Lighting 9.6 0 8.65 0.96 0
Social Infrastructure
Other projects 15.35 0 13.8 1.54 0
Recreational Center 2.5 0 0 0 2.5
Urban Poor & Slums
All Projects 15 12 1.5 1.5 0
E‐Governance & Reforms
All Projects 4.3 0 3.87 0.43 0
Economic Development
Industrial Shed 25 15 7.5 0 2.5
All other projects 24 0 0 24 0
Heritage and Tourism
All Projects 41 32.8 4.1 4.1 0
Total 603.49 311.09 120.5 69.46 102.4
Table 18.14: Funding Amounts for Phase‐II
Sector Project Amount (Rs crore)
Funding Structure (%)
GoI GoB ULB PPP
Water Supply All Projects 30.76 24.60 3.07 3.07 0
Sewerage and Sanitation
All Projects 41.25 33 4.12 4.12 0
Public Toilets 0.25 0 0 0 0.25
Drainage All Projects 8.5 6.8 0.85 0.85 0
SWM Vehicles 7.9 0 0 0 7.92
All others 4.75 3.8 0.47 0.48 0
Transport
New Bus Truck Terminus
0 0 0 0 0
Parking lots 45 0 0 0 45
Ring road, new road, RCC bridge, Over bridge, Junction,
31.5 25.2 3.15 3.15 0
Footpath, shed, road improvement
25.1 0 22.59 2.51 0
CMP 0.75 0 0.675 0.07 0
Signage, Foot Bridge, Signal Improvement
0.1 0.08 0.01 0.01 0
Street Lighting 0 0 0 0 0
Social Infrastructure Rest of projects 9.7 0 8.73 0.97 0
Recreation Hall 2.5 0 0 0 2.5
Urban Poor & Slums All Projects 17.4 13.90 1.74 1.74 0
E‐Governance & Reforms
All Projects 0 0 0 0 0
Economic Development
Industrial Shed 0 0 0 0 0
Rest of Projects 34 0 0 34 0
Heritage and Tourism
All Projects 22 17.6 2.2 2.2 0
Total 281.4 124.98 47.61 53.18 55.6
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Financial Operating Plan 18‐9
Table 18.15: Funding Amounts for Phase‐III
Sector Project Amount (Rs crore)
Funding Structure (%)
GoI GoB ULB PPP
Water Supply All Projects 0 0 0 0 0
Sewerage and Sanitation
All Projects 0 0 0 0 0
Public Toilets 0 0 0 0 0
Drainage All Projects 0 0 0 0 0
SWM Vehicles 3.96 0 0 0 3.96
All others 2.37 1.89 0.24 0.24 0
Transport
New Bus Truck Terminus
0 0 0 0 0
Parking lots 15 0 0 0 15
Ring road, new road, RCC bridge, Over bridge, Junction,
6 4.8 0.6 0.6 0
Footpath, shed, road improvement
0 0 0 0 0
CMP 0 0 0 0 0
Signage, Foot Bridge, Signal Improvement
0 0 0 0 0
Street Light 0 0 0 0 0
Social Infrastructure
Others 3.25 0 2.92 0.32 0
Recreational Centre 2.5 2 0.25 0.25 0
Urban Poor All Projects 15 9 4.5 0 1.5
E‐Governance All Projects 0 0 0 0 0
Economic Development
Industrial Shed 0 0 0 0 0
Rest of projects 0 0 0 0 0
Heritage and Tourism
All Projects 0 0 0 0 0
Total 48.08 17.69 8.51 1.41 20.46
Table 18.16 shows the requirement of fund for the total investment for the period
2011‐2030 from the Government of India, Government of Bihar, and Municipal
Corporation etc. The total investment under PPP mode has also been shown in the
Table 18.16. The table shows more than 44% investment is expected from GoI, nearly
18% from GoB and 11% from the Gaya Municipal Corporation and 26% through private
sector participation.
Table 18.16: Assessment of Requirement of Funds and Percentage Share from Sources
Phase Period Total Investment
(Rs Crore)
Share (In Rs. Crores & Percentage)
GOI GOB ULB PPP
1 (2011‐2016) 603.5 311.1 120.5 69.5 102.4
51.5% 20% 11.5% 17%
2 (2016‐2021) 281.4 125.0 47.6 53.2 55.7
44.4% 16.9% 18.9% 19.8%
3 (2021‐2030) 48.1 17.7 8.5 1.4 20.5
36.8% 17.7% 2.9% 42.5%
TOTAL 933.0 453.8 176.7 124.0 178.5
100% 44.3% 18.2% 11.1% 26.4%
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Financial Operating Plan 18‐10
18.10 FUTURE POTENTIAL OF GMC CONSIDERING PAST TRENDS (ALTERNATE‐I)
The income and expenditure projections based on the data obtained from the Table
18.8 for past three years. This may also be mentioned that actual data of income and
expenditure are only for the years 2008‐09 and 2009‐10 (Annexure IV & V). The data for
2010‐2011 (Annexure VI) is also an estimated one, vide SPUR data sheet. Consequently,
the projections of income and expenditure based on Table 18.8 have limitation and a
projection for 20 years based on three years base data lacks consistency. However,
Table 18.17 gives the trend‐based projections of income and expenditure of Gaya
Municipal Corporation.
Table 18.17: Trend‐based Projection of Revenue and Expenditure
Rs in Lakh
Year Income Expenditure Surplus
2011‐12 2279 980 1300
2012‐13 2612 1036 1576
2013‐14 2944 1092 1853
2014‐15 3277 1147 2129
2015‐16 3609 1203 2406
2016‐17 3942 1259 2683
2017‐18 4275 1315 2959
2018‐19 4607 1371 3236
2019‐20 4940 1427 3513
2020‐21 5272 1483 3789
2021‐22 5605 1539 4066
2022‐23 5937 1595 4343
2023‐24 6270 1650 4619
2024‐25 6602 1706 4896
2025‐26 6935 1762 5173
2026‐27 7267 1818 5449
2027‐28 7600 1874 5726
2028‐29 7933 1930 6003
2029‐30 8265 1986 6279
18.11 FUTURE POTENTIAL OF GMC BASED ON SPURs ASSUMPTION (ALTERNATE‐II)
18.11.1 Assumptions for Estimating GMC’s Financials
SPUR has considered certain assumptions for different sources of income and
expenditure to estimate the income and expenditure in next five years (2011‐2016) of
GMC which are presented in Table 18.18.
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Financial Operating Plan 18‐11
Table 18.18: Assumptions by SPUR for future projection of financials of GMC
SN Particulars Remarks
Total Receipts
1 Total Tax Revenues
double in 2011‐12,triple in 2013‐14,quartiplate in 2015‐16
2 Total Non‐Tax Revenues
double in 2011‐12,triple in 2013‐14,quartiplate in 2015‐16
3 Total Own Income / Internal Revenues / Self‐Generated Income (1+2)
4 Assigned Revenues Assuming 5% growth
5 Revenue Grants (Include. Salary and Matching grants)
Assuming 4% growth form FY 2011‐12(Matching grant 3 to 7%)
6 Other Income Assuming 5% growth
7 Total Capital Grants Assuming 5% growth
Total Expenditure
1 Establishment Expenditure Assuming 5% growth except in 2011‐12 is 10%due to restructuring
2 O & M Expenditure Assuming 5% growth
3 Programme Expenditure Assuming 5% growth
4 Administration Expenditure Assuming 5% growth
5 Finance & Interest Expenditure Assuming 5% growth
6 Misc Expenditure Assuming 5% growth Source: SPUR
18.11.2 Financial Projections
The position of Corporation in revenue generation and revenue expenditure for the
period 2011‐2030 is given below Table 18.19. The expected income and expenditure
projection estimation is based on the projected figures for 2011‐12 to 2015‐16 obtained
from SPUR (Annexure VI). Based on data from 2011‐12 to 2015‐16 given by SPUR the
expected income and expenditure estimations of GMC for the rest of the period (from
2016‐17 to 2029‐30) has been calculated.
Table 18.19: Expected Income and Expenditure Based on SPUR Projection (Rs Lakh)
Year Expected Income based
on Trend Expected Expenditure
based on Trend Surplus
2011‐12 2197 979 1218
2012‐13 2496 1028 1468
2013‐14 2798 1079 1719
2014‐15 3101 1132 1969
2015‐16 3408 1188 2220
2016‐17 3708 1238 2470
2017‐18 4011 1290 2721
2018‐19 4314 1342 2971
2019‐20 4616 1394 3222
2020‐21 4919 1447 3472
2021‐22 5222 1499 3723
2022‐23 5524 1551 3973
2023‐24 5827 1603 4224
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Financial Operating Plan 18‐12
Year Expected Income based
on Trend Expected Expenditure
based on Trend Surplus
2024‐25 6130 1655 4474
2025‐26 6432 1708 4725
2026‐27 6735 1760 4975
2027‐28 7038 1812 5226
2028‐29 7341 1864 5476
2029‐30 7643 1916 5727
During all the years of investments of Corporation under its usual course of operations
and those under JNNURM put together are expected to get covered by the surplus of
revenue incomes over revenue expenses sufficiently. The existing financial obligations
in the form of capital incomes and expenditures have been adequately covered. Growth
rates of revenue income and revenue expenses are estimated very conservatively.
Table 18.20 shows that under expected income and expenditure pattern the
Corporation will be in position to contribute its share in funding investment. The
projected pattern of income‐expenditure is expected to generate sufficient surplus to
cover its share of investment.
The requirement of Rs 6950 lakh in phase ‐ I as its share in investment is found to be
available from its generation of surplus in year 2015‐16. The additional requirement of
funds Rs. 5320 lakh in phase ‐II and Rs 140 lakh in phase‐ III will also be covered by
surplus generated in 2021‐22 and 2029‐30 respectively. The requirement of total
investment amount Rs 12410 lakh by Gaya Municipal Corporation is actually generated
within the period 2011‐12 to 2029‐30.
Table 18.20: Funding of Nigam of its Share of Investment (Rs Lakh)
YEAR SURPLUS CUMULATIVE SURPLUS
REQUIREMENT OF FUND BY NIGAM FOR INVESTMENT
BALANCE AFTER INVESTMENT
2011‐12 1218 1218
6950
2012‐13 1468 2686
2013‐14 1719 4405
2014‐15 1969 6374
2015‐16 2220 8594 1644
2016‐17 2470 4114
5320
4114
2017‐18 2721 6835 6835
2018‐19 2971 9806 9806
2019‐20 3222 13028 13028
2020‐21 3472 16501 16501
2021‐22 3723 20223 14903
2022‐23 3973 18877
140
18877
2023‐24 4224 23100 23100
2024‐25 4474 27575 27575
2025‐26 4725 32300 32300
2026‐27 4975 37275 37275
2027‐28 5226 42501 42501
2028‐29 5476 47977 47977
2029‐30 5727 53704 53564
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Financial Operating Plan 18‐13
18.12 COMPARISION OF ALTERNATE‐I and ALTERNATE‐II
The following Table 18.21 shows that in an average past three years trend‐based
surplus estimation by Alternate‐I is nearly 9% higher than surplus estimated based on
SPUR’s assumption and projection of income during 2011‐2015 in Alternate‐II. Hence,
the funding of future projects and expected income and expenditure pattern of GMC
has been considered based Alternate‐II.
Table 18.21: Comparision of Financials of GMC by Two Alternatives
Rs in Lakh
Year Surplus Income of GMC based on Alternate‐I
Surplus Income of GMC Based on Alternate‐II
Alternate‐I Surplus % higher than Alternate‐II
Surplus
2011‐12 1300 1218 6.69
2012‐13 1576 1468 7.37
2013‐14 1853 1719 7.78
2014‐15 2129 1969 8.15
2015‐16 2406 2220 8.38
2016‐17 2683 2470 8.62
2017‐18 2959 2721 8.76
2018‐19 3236 2971 8.92
2019‐20 3513 3222 9.02
2020‐21 3789 3472 9.14
2021‐22 4066 3723 9.22
2022‐23 4343 3973 9.31
2023‐24 4619 4224 9.36
2024‐25 4896 4474 9.43
2025‐26 5173 4725 9.48
2026‐27 5449 4975 9.54
2027‐28 5726 5226 9.57
2028‐29 6003 5476 9.62
2029‐30 6279 5727 9.65
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Plan Monitoring and Review i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
19 PLAN MONITORING AND REVIEW ............................................................ 19‐1 19.1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 19‐1 19.2 MONITORING UNIT ........................................................................................ 19‐2 19.3 PLAN REVIEW ................................................................................................. 19‐2
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Plan Monitoring and Review 19‐1
19 PLAN MONITORING AND REVIEW
19.1 INTRODUCTION
Plan monitoring has two main objectives:
The socio‐economic and functional efficiency of the performance of human
settlement has to be monitored and evaluated so that changes required to
improve the quality of life could be identified and put into action through the
appropriate measures.
The plan should be continuously made responsive to the emerging socio‐
economic forces.
To achieve this object there should be monitoring system in the plan implementation
frame work. There is reasonable possibility of arresting the unintended developments
taking place in the City through effective monitoring. This is based on the following
proposition:
No long range urban development plan can be implemented as it is.
The plan should be responsive to the happenings and emerging socio‐economic
and other forces during the plan implementation period.
Time lags between the happenings and the emerging Socio‐economic forces and
the plan responses create accentuating conditions of un‐intended growth.
The responsive plan to check the unintended growth needs a scientific
monitoring frame.
Monitoring frame is required to evaluate the achievement of physical targets
prescribed in the plan and identification of physical and socio‐economic change in the
city to review the plan policies.
There could be very large number of aspects in case of physical targets to judge the
performance of various sectors. For systematic and precise working, physical targets for
some selected aspects can be worked out in consultation with the local body. The
physical targets are to be monitored yearly, 5 yearly or in the midterm. This will provide
a scale to assess the achievement in different sectors for the city development. Service
level benchmark in the city will be the best judge for satisfactory implementation of
proposed projects and policies in a given timeframe.
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Plan Monitoring and Review 19‐2
19.2 MONITORING UNIT
A monitoring unit with the modern data processing facilities should be created which
would be responsible for collection of primary and secondary data, its analysis and
bringing the important changes to the notice of the authority comprehensively once in
a year. Standard formats shall have to be worked out by this unit for the purpose of
meaningful comparison and to monitor change. This unit should be under technical
expert or independent consultant.
19.3 PLAN REVIEW
The plan monitoring would provide sufficient material for any modifications required in
the plan. Any other aspects because of emerging socio‐economic and physical forces
could be taken from study and to review the plan proposals. A comprehensive review
encompassing all aspects should be taken up after 5 years of implementation of the
development/ master plan.
It is the detailed development projects which ultimately create environment‐good or
bad. During the plan implementation, all aspects of development i.e. housing,
transport, work centers, recreation, infrastructure, etc. need study and research to
make the plan effective in providing high quality living environment. Consultant should
be constantly doing these studies, research and monitoring work to make planning a
firm instrument for the development of this City.
Converting Dreams into Reality
Realizing the vision requires mobilization of the people. Implementing a people based
development strategy, infrastructure development, building capacity, and responsive
administration and governance will attract significant investment and open up avenues
for the development of the region. Capacity development of the people should equip
them to take advantage of the expansion in manufacturing and services. The strategy of
development outlined in the document, thus, can promote all encompassing
development in the region to realize the vision of achieving peace and prosperity.
The six components of the strategy described earlier are interdependent and therefore,
need to be designed and implemented concurrently. Maximizing self governance is
critical to establishing peace and development and the latter contributes to improved
governance.
Development requires infrastructure and capacity development. All these can be done
only when there is an appropriate environment for which responsive administration is
necessary. Gaya Municipal Corporation may entrust monitoring, capacity building and
PPP modeling to capable consultant to help and guide GMC in its day to day efficient
functioning and time bound implementation programme.
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Stakeholder Consultations i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
20 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS .................................................................. 20‐1 20.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 20‐1 20.2 STAGES OF STAKEHOLDERS’ WORKSHOP .......................................................... 20‐1 20.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE WORKSHOP ....................................................................... 20‐2 20.4 OUTCOMES OF THE WORKSHOP ....................................................................... 20‐3
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Stakeholder Consultations 20‐1
20 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS
20.1 INTRODUCTION
The City Development Plan involves articulating a clear vision for the city over the next
25 years with the active participation of the stakeholders and subsequently
implementing the vision articulated by them. The objective of the involvement of
stakeholder and endorsement by the local body is to hold them accountable for their
mission statements, actions and expected outcomes.
Identification of the stakeholders is an important aspect as their inputs will be valuable
for the process of preparation of city development plan. Stakeholders should cover a
wide variety and various levels of people representing different groups of town and
contributing to the development of town in various ways. Thus, the stakeholders
identified in consultation with concerned officials of Municipal Council considering the
representatives of major groups. The stakeholders of the one‐day workshop included
the following:
Minister of State for Urban Development and Housing Department,
Government of Bihar
MLA, Gaya city
Mayor, Gaya city
Deputy Mayor, Gaya city
Officials from Gaya Municipal Corporation
Elected Representatives
Officials from the line departments
Representatives from NGOs/ CBOs, etc
Representatives from the Media
Senior Citizens and other prominent people from the city
The complete list of participants of the workshop is provided as Annexure VII.
20.2 STAGES OF STAKEHOLDERS’ WORKSHOP
There were three stages in which consultation workshops had to be organized to take
suggestions/feedbacks from stakeholders during preparation of City Development Plan.
All the workshops were organized in Siddhartha International, Gaya on important
milestones of the project, details of which are as follows:
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Stakeholder Consultations 20‐2
Stage Workshop Agenda Date of Workshops Held
I First Workshop 27th August 2010
II Second Workshop on City Vision & Sector Goals 30th January 2011
III Third Workshop on Strategy and Priority
Projects 3rd January 2011
In addition to the above mentioned organized stakeholders’ consultations, team of
consultants visited Gaya time to time and visits the town; discuss the issues with the
municipal officials and other citizenery of the town.
The presentation made during the workshop by the Consultants was well received by
the participants and helped them understand the importance of the project for the
planned development of their city. During the consultations, stakeholders actively
participated and mentioned about the issues in town and explain their vision about
their city Gaya.
20.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE WORKSHOP
The overall objectives of the one‐day workshop organized thrice in Gaya town are as
under:
Definition of City Development Plan
Objectives of CDP
Methodology of CDP
Expected outcome of the CDP
Reconnaissance surveys and observations
Discussion on characteristics, potentials and broad issues of the city
City profile
o City Profile.
o Linkages and Demography of City and Future Population Growth.
o Existing Economic Status and Economic Potentials of City.
o Existing City Infrastructure (Physical & Social).
o Population projection for 2030
o SWOT Analysis
Sector wise issues
Developing shared vision for the town (2030)
Identification of priority sector for development
Formulation of sectoral goals
Sectoral strategies to address identified issues
Identification of priority projects
Formulation of Development Strategies
City Investment Plan
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Stakeholder Consultations 20‐3
20.4 OUTCOMES OF THE WORKSHOP
All the participating key stakeholders were happy to know the initiatives taken for
development of Gaya City and “City Development Plan” is being prepared for city,
which would ensure speedy and planned development of the city. Suggestions were
made from various categories of stakeholders with regard to various critical sectors in
the city that need special attention. Some of the important suggestions from
stakeholders have been listed below:
All the historical and religious sites of the city should be conserved; Boundary of city should be extended is the city is becoming congested;
Conservation of Falgu River should be taken care on priority. Check dam or step
dam shall be constructed on Falgu River;
Existing drains are in poor condition and needs renovation; Sanitation of the town is poor and needs prior attention; Since waste water of households are flowing in the drains of the town and finally
emptying into Falgu River causing pollution. Thus waste water should be treated
before falling into Falgu River;
Coverage of water supply is inadequate and supply is intermittent. Thus water
supply network coverage and quantity of supply need to be increased;
Encroachment along roads, bus stand and bus station should be removed to
smoothen the traffic movement;
There is requirement of community hall in city to perform socio‐cultural activities;
There is requirement of more organized markets and shopping complexes to
reduce the encroachment of informal activities;
Platforms shall be constructured for daily and weekly vegetable vendors;
Provision of organized parking spaces is necessary to reduce on street parking; Municipal Engineer was concerned about the avaibale infrastructure for water
supply. There is requirement of more overhead tanks, underground storage
reservoirs, pumping motors, generators at pumping station, and new water pipe
lines;
New City By‐Pass road from north to south road shall be developed which will
divert the traffic load from main city road;
There is requirement of one bridge on Falgu to increase the connectivity within
the city;
Deputy Mayor of Gaya stressed on implementing the E‐governance reforms
especially double entry accounting system;
One of the stakeholder susggested to have scientific disposal system of waste and
having vermi‐compost plant.
It was also suggested one of the stakeholder that rain water harvesting and other recharging measures should be practiced to main the ground water levels.
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Stakeholder Consultations 20‐4
Stakeholders showed their concern about the basic infrastructure services available in slums. Access to potable water, sanitation and roads should be made
available on priority in slums.
Priority sector’s identified
In discussion with stakeholders followings sectors have identified as critical for the
development of the town and thus were given priority and special attention in the CDP.
Urban Water Supply
Drainage and Sewerage
Roads and Transportation
Solid Waste Management
Tourism development
Housing for Poor.
Consultants discussed the ‘vision statement’ during multiple stakeholders’ consultations
in stages every time modifying the statement incorporating the feedback of the various
stakeholders as a strategy to achieve an understanding on common vision for 2035.
“Gaya is visualized as a Regional Service Centre with well defined hierarchical
commercial centers and as a pilgrimage & leisure destination with thriving
sustained economy supported by quality physical & social infrastructure for
citizenry and visiting tourist.”
The ‘Vision‐2030’ envisages Gaya primarily a major regional economic and education
center with pilgrimage in the tourist circuits of Bodhgaya, Nalanda and Rajgir and
eventually establishes itself on tourism map of the country. The efforts being made by
the Bihar Tourism Development Corporation and Gaya Nagar Nigam in this direction are
appreciable which is reflected in continuous increase in tourist arrival. Development
and conservation efforts for rich religious and pilgrimage center and historical
structures at Gaya indicate promising future for tourism industry.
One of the basic functions of Gaya city, in addition to its fast developing economic
activities, is to serve its rural hinterland as a ‘Regional Service Centre’. Gaya offers
almost all service centre functions to the surrounding rural settlements including
agricultural marketing facility, trade and commerce, agricultural inputs,
administrative headquarters, judicial court, educational facilities like industrial
training institute, handloom training centre, higher secondary schools etc.
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Stakeholder Consultations 20‐5
First Workshop
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Stakeholder Consultations 20‐6
Second Workshop
City Development Plan, Gaya
| Stakeholder Consultations 20‐7
Third Workshop
INTRODUCTION
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
PHYSICAL FEATURES OF
TOWN
Chapter 3
DEMOGRAPHY
ECONOMY
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
PHYSICAL PLANNING
AND GROWTH
MANAGEMENT
WATER SUPPLY
Chapter 6
SANITATION AND
SEWERAGE
Chapter 7
DRAINAGE
Chapter 8
SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT
Chapter 9
ROADS AND
TRANSPORTION
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
SOCIAL
INFRASTRUCTURE
Chapter 12
BASIC SERVICES TO
URBAN POOR
Chapter 13
HERITAGE AND
TOURISM
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
ANNEXURES
Chapter 13
ENVIRONMENT
Chapter 15
URBAN GOVERNANCE
& REFORMS
Chapter 16
CITY VISION, GOALS
AND STRATEGIES
Chapter 17
CITY INVESTMENT PLAN
FINANCIAL OPERATING
PLAN
Chapter 18
PLAN MONITORING
AND REVIEW
Chapter 19
Chapter 20
STAKEHOLDER
CONSULTATIONS
ANNEXURE I: LIST OF CLOSED & OPEN DRAINS
S. No. Name of Closed Drains in Gaya City
1 Panchayati Akhada to Chowk Road
2 Rang Bahadur Road to Moti pehalwan Nallah
3 Mir safayat Road to Tikari Road
4 Gurudwara Road Nallah
5 Saheed Road Nallah
6 Bajaj Road Nallah
7 Nai Godam Road Nallah
8 Fir Mansur to Kochri bari Modh
9 Mallah toli to Ander Gaya Road
10 Novagadi to Nai sadak Via jain Mandir
11 Drain around Suraj Kund
12 Dakkin Darwaja to Sukma mahadev kath gachi
13 Khaba galli Nallah
14 Chanakyapuri to Anuragpuri Nallah
15 Gango Bigha via Chiriya Road to Minister's Residence
16 Tekari Road Nallah
17 Ram Sagar Road Nallah
18 Novagadi Road to Ander Gaya
S. No. Name of Open Drains in Gaya City
1 Bottom Nalla
2 Kujapi Nalla
3 Railway Cinema Nalla
4 Masjid Road Nalla
5 Swarajya puri road Nalla
6 K.P. Road Nalla
7 Tekari Road Nalla
8 Maharani Road Nalla
9 Bairagi Road Nalla
10 Mirchaiya Road Nalla
11 Chotki Nawada Road Nalla
12 Dak Sthan to Store Nalla
13 Gol Bagicha Nalla
14 Gurudwara Road Nalla
15 Station Road Nalla
16 Rang Bahadur Road Nalla
17 Panchayati Akhara Road Nalla
18 Chowk Road Nalla
19 Central School Road Nalla
20 G.B. Road Nalla
21 Bari road Nalla
S. No. Name of Open Drains in Gaya City
22 Haridas Chaterjee Lane Nalla
23 Murli Hill Road Nalla
24 Dom Toli Road Nalla
25 Crane School Karimganj Nalla
26 Railway Line Karimgunj Nalla
27 Delha to Najrath School Nalla via Gandhi Maidan to Lodging house
28 Lodging House to Pan Nalla via Police Lines
29 Chanakya Puri Colony
30 Aliganj to Ganjo Bigha Nalla via Anugrah College
31 From Gango Bigha to Police Lines
32 From Gaya College Playground to North Drain
33 Rampur Road Nalla
34 Muslim Hotel Road Drain
35 From Circuit House to Professor Colony
36 Sujam Chunga Nalla
37 Police Line Road Nalla
38 From Munni Masjid to Chand Choraha Mod
39 Nutan Nagar‐New Area Nalla
40 Katori Road to Civil Court Nalla
41 Nadragunj Nalla
42 Ram Sagar Road Nalla
43 Godavari Road Nalla
44 Mangla Gauri Road‐ Collectorate to Madanpur Modh
45 Khaba Nalla
46 Pita Maheshwar via Malla Toli to Ander Gaya Road
47 Jain Mandir via Bahuar Chouraha to Shukama Mahadev
48 Panchmohalla Road Nalla from Rambabu Dawakahana to Andergaya
49 Nalla all around Surajkund
50 Mashan Ghat Road Nalla
51 Mansarwa Nalla to Mangla Gauri Road Nalla
52 Akshaywat to Dakkin Nalla
53 ITI Nalla
54 Musunda Mela Road Nalla
55 Railway Bridge‐Manpur Nalla
56 Durga Sthan Road‐Manpur Nalla
57 Shekhawat Nalla
58 Gaya Nawada Road Nalla
59 Durga Sthan to Surya Pokhar Road Nalla
60 Mumy Road Nalla
61 V.V.N Road Nalla
62 Saheed Road Nalla
63 Jagjeevan Road Nalla
64 Shri Krishna Road Nalla
65 Post office Nalla
66 Nagar Nigam Nalla
S. No. Name of Open Drains in Gaya City
67 Nalla around Samaharnalya
68 Ekwal Nagar Nalla
69 Kanya Pathshala Road Nalla
70 Ramana Road Nalla
71 Railway Bridge via Bairagi to Malgodam
72 Khairat Ahmed Road Nalla
Amount in Rs.
A
Total Annual Current Holding Tax Demand FY 08‐09 (i.e demand
raised during the year 2008‐09 only to be considered) 32,014,229
B
Total Collections (against arrears and Demand for current FY
2008‐09) of Holding Tax ‐ FY 08‐09 29,640,000
C
Est. Population for FY 08‐09 (Average of projected population of
Years 2008 & 2009) 511123
D
Projected No. of Households for FY 2008‐09 ( Est Population as
per above line / 5.5 ) Avg Family size) 92,931
1.0 Resource Mobilsation ‐FY 2008‐09
1.1
Per Capita Holding Tax Collection (Indicator as per Log frame
milestone) for FY 2008‐09 58
1.2 Per Assessee Holding Tax Collection for FY 2008‐09 583
1.3 Per Household Holding Tax Collection 319
1.4 Number of Assesses as at end of March 2009 50,800
1.5 Per Assessee Holding Tax Current Demand for FY 2008‐09 630
1.6 Per Household Holding Tax Current Demand for FY 2008‐09 344
1.7 Holding Register updated ( with new Building Permits etc.) No
1.8
Total Demand of Holding Tax raised during FY 2008‐09 (includes
arrears and current demand) 94,832,652.00
1.9 Total Collection Ratio : As on 31/3/09 31%
1.10 Total collection by Circle/ Ward /Collector prepared Yes
1.11
Total Outstanding Holding Tax due from Govt./Semi‐Govt/
Institutions/Schools etc. as on 31st March, 2009 2,932,000
1.12
Total Amount in respect of pending legal cases for Recovery as of
end of March 2009 Nil
1.13
Demand ,Collection and Balance Report for Holding Tax prepared
as at end of March 2009 No
1.14
Total Taxes and non‐taxes income ( Own sources Income)
received /realised during FY 2007‐08 44,304,516
1.15
Total Taxes and non‐taxes income ( Own sources Income)
received /realised during FY 2008‐09 ( Same as 1.21) 49,126,737
1.16
Total Establishment costs of tax and Revenue staff during FY 2008‐
09 NA
1.17 Total commission payment to collectors during FY 2008‐09 NA
1.18 Per Capita Own ( Tax plus Non‐Tax ) Revenue Collection 96
1.19 Total Tax Revenues 26,756,590
1.20 Total Non‐Tax Revenues 22,370,147
1.21
Total Own Income / Internal Revenues / Self‐Generated Income (
1.19 + 1.20) 49,126,737
1.22 Assigned Revenues 8,482,440
1.23 Grants ( Incld. Salary and Matching grants) 65,982,845
1.24 Other Income ‐
1.25 Total Revenue Income ( 1.21 to 1.24) 123,592,022
1.26 Total Capital Grants 0
2
2.1 Number of bank accounts including Account with Treasury 3
2.2 Cash Book updated on daily basis Yes
Description of Items
Total Revenue Receipts ‐FY 2008‐09 ( as per I & E statement in Rs. )
Accounting
ANNEXURE IV: FINANCIAL DETAILS OF GMC (2008‐2009)
Amount in Rs.Description of Items
2.3 Bank Reconciliations prepred and completed for March 2009 No
2.4 Daily Cash /Bank balances report available /prepared No
2.5
Advances/ Depsits Registers / account maintained and reconciled
monthly Yes
2.6 Cost of services ( Subsidy report ) prepared Yes
2.7
Annual Receipt and Expenditure statement prepared and
available for FY 2007‐08 Yes
2.8
Annual Receipt and Expenditure statement prepared and
available for FY 2008‐09 Yes
2.9
Annual Municipal Form I & XVIII ‐ for FY 2008‐09 disseminted by
June 30th, 2009 No
2.10
Last FY Accounts prepared & completed on Accrual Based Double
Entry Basis by consultant FY‐2008‐09
3.0 Audit
3.1
Internal audit conducted regularly and quarterly reports
available by 30th of following quarter No
3.2 Last FY Audit Completed by Examiner of Local Accounts 2008‐09
3.3 Total Number of Outstanding Paras as per last Audit Report 13
3.4 Total Value of Outstanding Paras as per last Audit Report 35,28,347
4.0 Planning & Budgeting
Date Budget Estimates for FY 2009‐10 approved by Board of ULB 05.03.2009
4.2
Variance report reg. Budget versus Actual Revenue and
Expenditure Report prepared or not No
4.3
Number of times annual Variance exceeds 5% of Budget in
Revenue
Variance report not
prepared. hence not
aplicable.
4.4
Number of times annual Variance exceeds 5% of Budget in
Expenditure
Variance report not
prepared. hence not
aplicable.
4.5 Budget Prepared by wards No
4.6
Annual Budget Estimates disseminated thru media before start
of FY Yes
5.0
Expenditure management ‐FY 2008‐09 ( as per I &E Statement in
Rs.)
5.1 Total Establishment Expenditure 67,438,422
5.2 Total O & M Expenditure 7,121,457
5.3 Total Programme Expenditure ‐
5.4 Total Administation Expenditure 1,096,651
5.5 Total Finance & Interest Expenditure ‐
5.6 Total Misc Expenditure 2,767,525
5.7 Total Revenue Expenditure FY 2008‐09 ( Total of 5.1 to .5.6 ) 10,985,633
5.8 Total Capital Expenditure ( Incld WIP) 108,184
5.9
Per cent of total Establishment Expenditure on Total self‐
generated Revenue for FY 2008‐09 137
5.10 Per Capita Establishment Expenditure for FY 2008‐09 132
5.11
% of total Establishment Expenditure to total Revenue
Expenditure 614
5.12
% of total Expenditure on Programmes to total Revenue
Expenditure ‐
Amount in Rs.Description of Items5.13 % of total O &M Expenditure to total Revenue Expenditure 65
5.14 Per Capita Revenue Expenditure 21
5.15 Per capita Capital Expenditure ( incld. WIP) 0
5.16 % of total Capital Expenditure to Total Revenue Expenditure 1
5.17 Number of Utilisation Certificates Pending Nil
5.18 Amount of Grants unutilized as of 31st March, 2009 193,983,000
5.19
Number of Grants remaining fully or partially unutilized beyond 3
years as on 31st March, 2009 1
5.20
Total Amounts of Grants remaining fully or partially unutilized
beyond 3 years as of 31st March, 2009 74,132
6.0 Cash Flow Management
6.1
Yearly , quarterly and monthly forecast statement prepared and
updated No
6.2
Number of times Variance exceeds 10% of Forecasted Income
and Expenditure items
Variance statement
not prepared
7.0 Assets & Liability Management
7.1 Data base of Assets available and updated on monthly basis No
7.2 Data base of Liabilities available and updated on monthly basis No
7.3
Amount of Outstanding Debts from UD&HD and other lending
Institutions ( In Rupees '000 ) Data not available
8.0 Procurement
8.1
Number of audit comments not in compliance with established
procurement checklists and guidelines. 1
8.2
compliance with established procurement checklists and
guidelines. 96,317
9.0 MISC.
9.1
Actual Collections of Rental Income from Municipal Properties
for FY 2008‐09 11,135,983
9.2
Arrears of Rental Income from Municipal Properties as on 31st
March, 2009 NA
9.3 Actual Collections of Income from Towers Tax for FY 2008‐09 Nil
9.4 Arrears of Income from Towers Tax as on March 31, 2009 2,111,000
9.5
Total Actual Number of Employees ( Regular + on Contract +
Temporary) as on 31‐3‐ 2008 548
9.6
Total Actual Number of Employees ( Regular + on Contract +
Temporary) as on 31‐3‐ 2009 548
9.7
Total Actual Number of Employees ( Regular + on Contract+
Temporary ) as on 31‐3‐ 2009 : (9.5 + 9.6 /2) 548
9.8 Per Employee Annual Establishment Expenditure ( Rs.) : ( 5.1/ 9.7) 123,063
9.9 Total Actual Arrears to staff as of 31st October 2010 120,000,000
Amount in Rs.
A
Total Annual Current Holding Tax Demand FY
09‐10 (i.e annual current demand raised during
the year 2009‐10 only to be considered) 37,664,775
B
Total Collections ( against arrears and Demand
for current FY 2009‐10) of Holding Tax ‐ FY 09‐
10 50,387,745
C
Est. Population for FY 09‐10 (as per attached
projections) 492,919
D
Projected No. of Households for FY 2009‐10 (
Est Population as per above line / 5.5 ) Avg 89,622
1.0 Resource Mobilsation ‐FY 2009‐10
1.1
Per Capita Holding Tax Collection ( Indicator as
per Log frame milestone) for FY 2009‐10 102
1.2
g
2009‐10 894
1.3 Per Household Holding Tax Collection 562
1.4 Number of Assesses as at end of March 2010 56,378
1.5
Per Assessee Holding Tax Current Demand for
FY 2009‐10 668
1.6
Per Household Holding Tax Current Demand
for FY 2009‐10 420
1.7
Holding Register updated ( with new Building
Permits etc.) No
1.8
Total Demand of Holding Tax raised during FY
2009‐10 (includes arrears and current demand) 102,857,196
1.9 Total Collection Ratio : As on 31/3/10 49%
1.10 prepared Yes
1.11
Total Outstanding Holding Tax due from
Govt./Semi‐Govt/ Institutions/Schools etc. as
on 31st March, 2010 3,303,426
1.12
No. of pending legal cases for Recovery as of
end of March 2010 1,500
1.13
Total Amount in respect of pending legal cases
for Recovery as of end of March 2010 ‐
1.14
Demand ,Collection and Balance Report for
Holding Tax prepared as at end of March 2010 Yes
1.15
Total Taxes and non‐taxes income ( Own
sources Income) received /realised during FY
2008‐09 49,126,737
1.16
Total Taxes and non‐taxes income ( Own
sources Income) received /realised during FY
2009‐10 57,534,115
1.17
Total Establishment costs of tax and Revenue
staff during FY 2009‐10 NA
1.18
Total commission payment to collectors during
FY 2009‐10 NA
Description of Items
ANNEXURE V‐ FINANCIAL DETAILS OF GMC (2009‐2010)
1.19
p ( p )
Collection 117
Total Revenue Receipts ‐FY 2009‐10 ( as per I
& E statement in Rs. )
1.19 Total Tax Revenues 50,387,745
1.20 Total Non‐Tax Revenues 7,146,370
1.21
Total Own Income / Internal Revenues / Self‐
Generated Income ( 1.19 + 1.20) 57,534,115
1.22 Assigned Revenues 11,239,680
1.23 Grants ( Incld. Salary and Matching grants) 65,376,425
1.24 Other Income 36,431,000
1.25 Total Revenue Income ( 1.21 to 1.24) 170,581,220
1.26 Total Capital Grants 64,465,292
2 Accounting
2.1
Number of bank accounts including Account
with Treasury 6
2.2 Cash Book updated on daily basis Yes
2.3
Bank Reconciliations prepred and completed
for March 2010 No
2.4
Daily Cash /Bank balances report available
/prepared No
2.5
Advances/ Depsits Registers / account
maintained and reconciled monthly Yes
2.6 Cost of services ( Subsidy report ) prepared Yes
2.7
Annual Receipt and Expenditure statement
prepared and available for FY 2009‐10 Yes
2.8
Annual Receipt and Expenditure statement
prepared and available for FY 2009‐10 Yes
2.9
Annual Municipal Form I & XVIII ‐ for FY 2009‐
10 disseminted by June 30th, 2010 No
2.10
Last FY Accounts prepared & completed on
Accrual Based Double Entry Basis by FY‐2008‐09
3.0 Audit
3.1
Internal audit conducted regularly and
quarterly reports available by 30th of following
quarter No
3.2
Last FY Audit Completed by Examiner of Local
Accounts 2009‐10
3.3
Total Number of Outstanding Paras as per last
Audit Report 13
3.4
Total Value of Outstanding Paras as per last
Audit Report 3,528,347
4.0 Planning & Budgeting
Date Budget Estimates for FY 2010‐11
approved by Board of ULB 7.03.10
4.2
Variance report reg. Budget versus Actual
Revenue and Expenditure Report prepared or
not No
4.3Number of times annual Variance exceeds 5%
of Budget in Revenue
Variance report not
prepared. hence
not aplicable.
4.4Number of times annual Variance exceeds 5%
of Budget in Expenditure
Variance report not
prepared. hence
not aplicable.
4.5 Budget Prepared by wards No
4.6
Annual Budget Estimates disseminated thru
media before start of FY Yes
5.0
Expenditure management ‐FY 2009‐10 ( as per
I &E Statement in Rs.)
5.1 Total Establishment Expenditure 80,085,138
5.2 Total O & M Expenditure 4,333,715
5.3 Total Programme Expenditure ‐
5.4 Total Administation Expenditure 5,946,078
5.5 Total Finance & Interest Expenditure ‐
5.6 Total Misc Expenditure 2,030,271
5.7
Total Revenue Expenditure FY 2008‐09 ( Total
of 5.1 to .5.5 ) 92,395,202
5.8 Total Capital Expenditure ( Incld WIP) 5,880,128
5.9
Per cent of total Establishment Expenditure on
Total self‐generated Revenue for FY 2009‐10 139
5.10 2009‐10 162
5.11
% of total Establishment Expenditure to total
Revenue Expenditure 87
5.12
% of total Expenditure on Programmes to total
Revenue Expenditure ‐
5.13
% of total O &M Expenditure to total Revenue
Expenditure 5
5.14 Per Capita Revenue Expenditure 187
5.15 Per capita Capital Expenditure ( incld. WIP) 12
5.16
% of total Capital Expenditure to Total
Revenue Expenditure 6
5.17 Number of Utilisation Certificates Pending Nil
5.18
Amount of Grants unutilized as of 31st March,
2010 NA
5.19
Number of Grants remaining fully or partially
unutilized beyond 3 years as on 31st March,
2010 NA
5.20
partially unutilized beyond 3 years as of 31st
March, 2010 NA
6.0 Cash Flow Management
6.1
Yearly , quarterly and monthly forecast
statement prepared and updated No
6.2
Number of times Variance exceeds 10% of
Forecasted Income and Expenditure items
Variance statement
not prepared
7.0 Assets & Liability Management
7.1
Data base of Assets available and updated on
monthly basis No
7.2
Data base of Liabilities available and updated
on monthly basis No
7.3
Amount of Outstanding Debts from UD&HD
and other lending Institutions ( In Rupees '000 ) Data not available
8.0 Procurement
8.1
Number of audit comments not in compliance
with established procurement checklists and 1
8.2
Amount involved in respect of audit comments
not in compliance with established 96,317
9 MISC.
9.1
Actual Collections of Rental Income from
Municipal Properties for FY 2009‐10 20,472,930
9.2
Arrears of Rental Income from Municipal
Properties as on 31st March, 2010 3,794,383
9.3
Actual Collections of Income from Towers Tax
for FY 2009‐10 Nil
9.4
Arrears of Income from Towers Tax as on
March 31, 2010 NA
9.5
Total Actual Number of Employees ( Regular +
on Contract + Temporary) as on 31‐3‐ 2009 549
9.6
Total Actual Number of Employees ( Regular +
on Contract + Temporary) as on 31‐3‐ 2010 549
9.7
on Contract+ Temporary ) as on 31‐3‐ 2010 :
(9.5 + 9.6 /2) 549
9.8
Per Employee Annual Establishment
Expenditure ( Rs.) : ( 5.1/ 9.7) 145,875
9.9 Total Actual Arrears to staff as of 31st October, 130,000,000
ANNEXURE VII : LIST OF PARTICIPANTS
FIRST WORKSHOP
SECOND WORKSHOP
THIRD WORKSHOP
Sr.No. Particulars
ActualFY
2008-09(Rs)
ActualFY
2009-10(Rs)
Estimated ActualFY
2010-11(Rs)
Projected FY
2011-12(Rs)
Projected FY
2012-13(Rs)
Projected FY
2013-14(Rs)
Projected FY
2014-15(Rs)
Projected FY
2015-16(Rs)
Remarks
Total Receipts :
1 Total Tax Revenues : 26,756,590 50,387,745 40,100,000 53,500,000 66,900,000 80,300,000 93,600,000 107,000,000
double in 2011‐12,triple in
2013‐14,quartiplate in 2015‐
16
2 Total Non-Tax Revenues 22,370,147 7,146,370 33,600,000 44,700,000 55,900,000 67,100,000 78,300,000 89,500,000
double in 2011‐12,triple in
2013‐14,quartiplate in 2015‐
16
3Total Own Income / Internal Revenues / Self-Generated Income ( 1+2)
49,126,737 57,534,115 73,700,000 98,200,000 122,800,000 147,400,000 171,900,000 196,500,000
4 Assigned Revenues 8,482,440 11,239,680 10,400,000 10,900,000 11,400,000 12,000,000 12,600,000 13,200,000 Assuming 5% growth
5Revenue Grants ( Include. Salary and Matching grants)
65,982,845 65,376,425 67,700,000 70,400,000 73,200,000 76,100,000 79,100,000 82,300,000
Assuming 4% growth form FY
2011‐12(Matching grant 3 to
7%)
6 Other Income ‐ 36,431,000 38,300,000 40,200,000 42,200,000 44,300,000 46,500,000 48,800,000 Assuming 5% growth
A Total Revenue Income ( 3 to 6) 123,592,022 170,581,220 190,100,000 219,700,000 249,600,000 279,800,000 310,100,000 340,800,000
B Total Capital Grants ‐ 64,465,292 67,700,000 71,100,000 74,700,000 78,400,000 82,300,000 86,400,000 Assuming 5% growth
Total Income(A+B) 123,592,022 235,046,512 257,800,000 290,800,000 324,300,000 358,200,000 392,400,000 427,200,000
Total Expenditure:
1 Establishment Expenditure 67,438,422 80,085,138 77,400,000 85,100,000 89,400,000 93,900,000 98,600,000 103,500,000
Assuming 5% growth except
in 2011‐12 is 10%due to
restructuring
2 O & M Expenditure 7,121,457 4,333,715 6,000,000 6,300,000 6,600,000 6,900,000 7,200,000 7,600,000 Assuming 5% growth
3 Programme Expenditure ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ Assuming 5% growth
4 Administration Expenditure 1,096,651 5,946,078 3,700,000 3,900,000 4,100,000 4,300,000 4,500,000 4,700,000 Assuming 5% growth
5 Finance & Interest Expenditure ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ Assuming 5% growth
6 Misc Expenditure 2,767,525 2,030,271 2,500,000 2,600,000 2,700,000 2,800,000 2,900,000 3,000,000 Assuming 5% growth
C Total Revenue Expenditure (1+6) 78,424,055 92,395,202 89,600,000 97,900,000 102,800,000 107,900,000 113,200,000 118,800,000
Surplus /Deficit( Revenue)(A-C) 45,167,967 78,186,018 100,500,000 121,800,000 146,800,000 171,900,000 196,900,000 222,000,000
% 0.37 0.46 0.53 0.55 0.59 0.61 0.63 0.65
ANNEXURE VI ‐FINANCIAL PROJECTION REPORT OF FINANCIALS OF GMC
Dumping place
Frequency of
Garbage
Collection
Type of
Drains
Extent of
Water
Logging
11 Harijan Toli Murlihil Municipal Piped (Legal Open Defecation
Dumped in
Nallah, drains,
road side etc.
Occassionaly Pucca Negligible Pucca
9 Harijan Toli, Ramdhanpur
Shallow bore hand‐pumps
(private), Municipal piped
(legal)
Individual Toilet
Dumped in
Nallah, drains,
road side etc.
Daily Pucca Negligible Pucca
8 Harijan Toli, KharkhuraShallow bore hand‐pumps
(private)Open Defecation
Dumped in
Nallah, drains,
road side etc.
Occassionaly Kutcha Negligible Pucca
22Harijan Toli,
Pitamaheshwar, Chamartoli
Shallow bore hand‐pumps
(private)Open Defecation
Dumped in
Nallah, drains,
road side etc.
Alternate Days Kutcha Mild Pucca
3 Bhai Toli, Delha No supply Open Defecation
Dumped in
Nallah, drains,
road side etc.
Never No Drains Extensive No Roads
43 Harijan Toli, Bhairosthan
Municipal Piped
(Legal),Shallow bore hand‐
pumps (private)
Open Defecation
Dumped in
Nallah, drains,
road side etc.
Occassionaly Pucca Negligible Pucca
10 Harijan Toli, Bairagi
Municipal Piped
(Legal),Shallow bore hand‐
pumps (private)
Individual ToiletDesignated
PointsAlternate Days Pucca Mild Pucca
22 Harijan Toli, RamnaShallow Bore Hand‐pumps
(private)Open Defecation
Dumped in
Nallah, drains,
road side etc.
Occassionaly Pucca Mild Pucca
45 Harijan Toli, Lakhanpurashallow bore Hand‐pumps
(private)Individual Toilet
Dumped in
Nallah, drains,
road side etc.
Occassionaly Pucca Negligible Pucca
45Harijan Toli , Ghugharitand,
Chhatthu Bigha
shallow bore Hand‐pumps
(private)Open Defecation
Dumped in
Nallah, drains,
road side etc.
Occassionaly Pucca Negligible Pucca
Status of
Internal
Roads
ANNEXURE III: BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES IN SLUMS OF GAYASolid waste disposal Drainage
Name of the slum pocketWard No.Drinking water supply
source
Sanitation Facility:
Type of toilet
facility
Dumping place
Frequency of
Garbage
Collection
Type of
Drains
Extent of
Water
Logging
Status of
Internal
Roads
Solid waste disposal Drainage
Name of the slum pocketWard No.Drinking water supply
source
Sanitation Facility:
Type of toilet
facility
34Harijan Toli, Gewalbigha,
Part‐1
Shallow bore Hand‐pumps
(public)Open Defecation
Dumped in
Nallah, drains,
road side etc.
Once a week Kutcha Negligible Kutcha
34Harijan Toli, Gewalbigha,
Part‐2
Shallow bore Hand‐pumps
(public)Open Defecation
Dumped in
Nallah, drains,
road side etc.
Once a week Kutcha Negligible Kutcha
32 Harijantoli, Mustafabad Municipal Piped (Legal Open Defecation
Dumped in
Nallah, drains,
road side etc.
Never Pucca Extensive Kutcha
2 Harijan Toli, Bijay Bighashallow bore Hand‐pumps
(private)Open Defecation
Dumped in
Nallah, drains,
road side etc.
Occassionaly Kutcha Extensive Pucca
27Harijan Toli, Delha, Dhaniya
Bagicha
shallow bore Hand‐pumps
(private)Open Defecation
Dumped in
Nallah, drains,
road side etc.
Occassionaly Kutcha Mild Pucca
46 Harijan Toli, Baksu Bigha Municipal Piped (Legal) Open Defecation
Dumped in
Nallah, drains,
road side etc.
Never Pucca Negligible Kutcha
44 Harijan Toli, Maranpurshallow bore Hand‐pumps
(private)Open Defecation
Dumped in
Nallah, drains,
road side etc.
Never Pucca Mild Pucca
44 Harijan Toli , KapildharaShallow bore Hand‐pumps
(public)Open Defecation
Dumped in
Nallah, drains,
road side etc.
Never Kutcha Negligible Kutcha
14 Harijan Toli, KiranighatShallow bore Hand‐pumps
(public)Open Defecation
Dumped in
Nallah, drains,
road side etc.
Never No Drains Negligible Kutcha
29 Harijan Toli, Imliyachakshallow bore Hand‐pumps
(private)Open Defecation
Dumped in
Nallah, drains,
road side etc.
Once a week Kutcha Mild Kutcha
Dumping place
Frequency of
Garbage
Collection
Type of
Drains
Extent of
Water
Logging
Status of
Internal
Roads
Solid waste disposal Drainage
Name of the slum pocketWard No.Drinking water supply
source
Sanitation Facility:
Type of toilet
facility
44 Harijan Toli, Akshayvat
Municipal Piped (Legal),
Shallow bore Hand‐pumps
(private)
Individual ToiletDesignated
pointsAlternate Days Pucca Negligible Pucca
9 Harijan Toli,Ramdhanpur
Shallow bore Hand‐pumps
(private), Municipal piped
(legal)
Individual Toilet
Dumped in
Nallah, drains,
road side etc.
Daily Pucca Negligible Pucca
47 Manpur Surajpura Municipal Piped (Legal) Open Defecation
Dumped in
Nallah, drains,
road side etc.
Never Kutcha Mild Kutcha
50Gandhinagar Harijan Toli
Part‐1, Manpur
Shallow bore Hand‐pumps
(private)Individual Toilet
Dumped in
Nallah, drains,
road side etc.
Occassionaly Pucca Negligible Pucca
50Gandhi nagar, Harijan Toli,
Part‐2, Manpur
Shallow bore Hand‐pumps
(private)Individual Toilet
Dumped in
Nallah, drains,
road side etc.
Occassionaly Pucca Negligible Pucca
53 Harijan Toli, BhusundaShallow bore Hand‐pumps
(private)Open Defecation
Dumped in
Nallah, drains,
road side etc.
Never Kutcha Mild Kutcha
16 Domtoli, Station RoadShallow bore Hand‐pumps
(private)Individual Toilet
Dumped in
Nallah, drains,
road side etc.
Occassionaly Pucca Negligible Pucca
45 Harijan Toli, Brahmsat Municipal Piped (Legal) Open Defecation
Dumped in
Nallah, drains,
road side etc.
Alternate Days Pucca Negligible Pucca
49Harijan Toli, Kumhrartoli,
Manpur
shallow bore Hand‐pumps
(private)Open Defecation
Dumped in
Nallah, drains,
road side etc.
Occassionaly Kutcha Extensive Kutcha
28Harijan Toli, Katari hill
Salempur
Municipal Piped (Legal),
Shallow bore Hand‐pumps
(private)
Individual Toilet
Dumped in
Nallah, drains,
road side etc.
Once a week Pucca Negligible Pucca
Dumping place
Frequency of
Garbage
Collection
Type of
Drains
Extent of
Water
Logging
Status of
Internal
Roads
Solid waste disposal Drainage
Name of the slum pocketWard No.Drinking water supply
source
Sanitation Facility:
Type of toilet
facility
27 Harijan Toli, Bhatbigha Municipal Piped Illegal Open Defecation
Dumped in
Nallah, drains,
road side etc.
Alternate Days Pucca Negligible Pucca
38 Harijan Toli, Nadraganj
Municipal Piped (Legal),
Shallow bore Hand‐pumps
(private)
Individual Toilet
Dumped in
Nallah, drains,
road side etc.
Occassionaly Pucca Negligible Pucca
6 Harijan Toli, Iqbal NagarShallow bore Hand‐pumps
(public)Open Defecation
Dumped in
Nallah, drains,
road side etc.
Occassionaly Kutcha Negligible Kutcha
5 Harijan Toli, Barisnagarshallow bore Hand‐pumps
(private)Open Defecation
Dumped in
Nallah, drains,
road side etc.
Occassionaly Kutcha Mild Kutcha
31 Harijan Toli, Rampurshallow bore Hand‐pumps
(private)Open Defecation
Dumped in
Nallah, drains,
road side etc.
Occassionaly Pucca Mild Pucca
50 Harijan Toli, Abgila
Municipal Piped (Legal),
Shallow bore Hand‐pumps
(private)
Individual Toilet
Dumped in
Nallah, drains,
road side etc.
Never Kutcha Extensive Pucca
44 Harijan Toli, Khatkachakshallow bore Hand‐pumps
(private)Individual Toilet
Dumped in
Nallah, drains,
road side etc.
Never Pucca Negligible Pucca
29 Dusadh Toli, Imliyachak Municipal Piped (Legal) Open Defecation
Dumped in
Nallah, drains,
road side etc.
Never Kutcha Negligible Kutcha
33Harijan Toli, South Police
line
Shallow bore Hand‐pumps
(public)Open Defecation
Dumped in
Nallah, drains,
road side etc.
Once a week Kutcha Negligible Paved
33 Singrasthan Harijan Toli Municipal Piped Illegal Open Defecation
Dumped in
Nallah, drains,
road side etc.
Never Kutcha Extensive Kutcha
Dumping place
Frequency of
Garbage
Collection
Type of
Drains
Extent of
Water
Logging
Status of
Internal
Roads
Solid waste disposal Drainage
Name of the slum pocketWard No.Drinking water supply
source
Sanitation Facility:
Type of toilet
facility
28 Harijan Toli, Katari hill shallow bore Hand‐pumps
(private)Individual Toilet
Dumped in
Nallah, drains,
road side etc.
Occassionaly Kutcha Mild Pucca
ANNEXURE II ‐ LIST OF SLUMS IN GAYA
S. N. Ward No. Name of the slum No. of House holds Population
1 11 Harijan Toli Murlihil 134 600
2 9 Harijan Toli, Ramdhanpur 150 700
3 8 Harijan Toli, Kharkhura 164 700
4 22 Harijan Toli, Pitamaheshwar, Chamartoli 151 750
5 3 Bhai Toli, Delha 50 300
6 43 Harijan Toli, Bhairosthan 151 1000
7 10 Harijan Toli, Bairagi 171 1100
8 22 Harijan Toli, Ramna 50 300
9 45 Harijan Toli, Lakhanpura 146 1200
10 45 Harijan Toli , Ghugharitand, Chhatthu Bigha
156 600
11 34 Harijan Toli, Gewalbigha, Part‐1 90 250
12 34 Harijan Toli, Gewalbigha, Part‐2 90 200
13 32 Harijantoli, Mustafabad 128 600
14 2 Harijan Toli, Bijay Bigha 100 700
15 27 Harijan Toli, Delha, Dhaniya Bagicha 185 1500
16 46 Harijan Toli, Baksu Bigha 250 1050
17 44 Harijan Toli, Maranpur 105 500
18 44 Harijan Toli , Kapildhara 80 450
19 14 Harijan Toli, Kiranighat 20 100
20 29 Harijan Toli, Imliyachak 70 500
21 44 Harijan Toli, Akshayvat 65 300
22 9 Harijan Toli,Ramdhanpur 150 700
23 47 Harijan Toli, Bhusunda 85 600
24 50 Gandhinagar Harijan Toli Part‐1, Manpur 180 1200
25 50 Gandhi nagar, Harijan Toli, Part‐2, Manpur
180 1200
26 53 Harijan Toli, Bhusunda 100 500
27 16 Domtoli, Station Road 45 350
28 45 Harijan Toli, Brahmsat 40 300
29 49 Harijan Toli, Kumhrartoli, Manpur 90 600
30 28 Harijan Toli, Katari hill Salempur 150 600
31 27 Harijan Toli, Bhatbigha 135 600
32 38 Harijan Toli, Nadraganj 110 550
33 6 Harijan Toli, Iqbal Nagar 150 1200
34 5 Harijan Toli, Barisnagar 116 700
35 31 Harijan Toli, Rampur 110 500
36 50 Harijan Toli, Abgila 10 70
37 44 Harijan Toli, Khatkachak 150 750
38 29 Dusadh Toli, Imliyachak 250 1500
S. N. Ward No. Name of the slum No. of House holds Population
39 33 Harijan Toli, South Police line 65 400
40 33 Singrasthan Harijan Toli 60 550
41 28 Harijan Toli, Katari hill 55 350
Total 4737 26620