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CITY OF BELLEVUEENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP INITIATIVE

STRATEGIC PLAN

2013-2018

CITY OF BELLEVUE ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP INITIATIVE STRATEGIC PLAN 2013-2018

Contents

4 Introduction

6 Leadership Endorsement

7 Acknowledgements

10 Report Overview

11 Key Performance Indicators

12 Greenhouse Gas Emissions

20 Mobility & Land Use

34 Energy & Water

48 Materials Management & Waste

58 Ecosystems & Open Spaces

71 Endnotes

76 Appendices

A-1 AppendixA:ProjectPortfolio

Note: Supplemental Document: Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory, 2011 Available online at www.bellevuewa.gov/environmental.htm

www.bellevuewa.gov/environmental.htm

ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP INITIATIVE 2013-2018 4

INTRODUCTION


The City of Bellevue is surrounded by wetlands, trails, parks, and urban forests and has long been known as the “City in a Park.” Located between the shores of Lake Washington and Lake Sammamish, the City provides a key habitat corridor between the Puget Sound waterways and the Cascade mountain range. Bellevue’s natural environment is unique andparticularlytreasuredforbeingwovenintothefabricofavibrantmetropolitancity–existingamonggleamingskyscrapers,invitingshops,anddiverseculturalattractions.AsaneconomicengineoftheEastside,Bellevueishometoglobaltechnologyfirmsandotherindustryleaders,attractingalargedaytimeworkforcefromthroughouttheregion.Bellevue’sleadersareawarethatthecommunity’scontinuedattractivenessasaplaceto “live, work, and play” depends on preserving and enhancing the natural assets of the community while simultaneously nurturing economic growth and social vibrancy. We recognizethatthebenefitsofenvironmentalstewardshipreachdeepandwideintothecommunity, far beyond those related to maintaining healthier ecosystems. They include betterhumanhealthandproductivity,jobcreation,increasedengagementbyresidentsandbusinesses,monetarysavings,andthecreationandmaintenanceofresilientandsustainablecommunities.

In recognition of the multiple benefits of this work,Bellevue strengthened its commitment to sustain-ability and environmental stewardship in 2007 through the establishment of the Environmental Stewardship Initiative (ESI). The ESI leadsinnovative local and regional environmentalefforts, and facilitates better environmentalcitizenshipbythemunicipalityaswellasbyresidentandbusinesses.TheCity’sfirstcity-wide environmental strategic plan, which covered the years 2009-2012, provided a cross-departmental framework for effortsaimedatminimizingthedegradationofthecommunity’s natural assets and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. As the period cov-ered by that plan has come to an end, we are taking an opportunity to celebrate accomplish-ments,revisedirectionbasedonlessonslearned,and create a roadmap for the future.

TheultimategoaloftheESI’sworkistocreateasustain-ablecitywherecitizenscanenjoy thehighestqualityof life,work,andplayandstilldelivertofuturegenerationsacommunityinwhich they can do the same. The purpose of this 2013-2018 Environmental Stewardship ReportandStrategicPlanistoprovideanorganization-wideframeworkforworkingtowardthat goal together.

Thank you for your interest and support.

Sheida R. SahandyDirectoroftheEnvironmentalStewardshipInitiative

“Relentless and haphazard development has created a way of living that brings us to a point of reckoning regarding energy, climate change, and the way we shape our communities. The answer to these crises is sustainable development, a thoughtful combination of good urbanism with renewable energy sources, state-of-the-art conserva-tion techniques, new green technologies, and integrated services and utilities.”

Urbanism in the Age of Climate Change Peter Calthorpe


DEPARTMENTAL LEADERSHIP ENDORSEMENTTheobjectivessetforthinthisdocumentalignwiththeCityofBellevueComprehensivePlanandaresupported by the City’s history, culture, and values. While most of the goals described here are not new, achievingthemefficientlyrequiresustoworktogetherinnewways.Itrequiresongoingandactivecollaborationacrossdepartmentsandareasofexpertise.Itrequiresamoreholisticandintegratedwayofunderstandingthecommunity’swell-being.Itrequiresunderstandingtheimpactsofeachactiononamultitudeofaffectedparties,includingfuturegenerations.Inacknowledgementofthesefacts,andtoshowsupportofthegoalsandvisionsetforthinthisdocument,theActingCityManager,andtheDirectors listed below hereby endorse this plan in 2013.

Brad Miyake,ActingCityManager

Jan Hawn, Finance Director

Myrna Basich, City Clerk & Assistant City Manager

Nora Johnson, Civic Services Director

David Berg,TransportationDirector

Navdeep Otal, UtilitiesDirector

Mike Brennan,Development Services Director

Linda Pillo,Police Chief

Toni Cramer,Information Technology Director

Lori Riordan,CityAttorney

Michael Eisner,Fire Chief

Chris Salomone,Planning & Community Development Director

Patrick Foran,Parks & Community Services Director

Kerry Sievers,Human Resources Director


ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSTheobjectives,strategies,andindicatorspresentedinthisreportweredevelopedthroughcollaborationwithrepresentativesofkeyCitydepartments.Stakeholdermeetingswereheldforeachcategory,providingforumsfordiscussionofpastandcurrentprojects,newopportunities,barriers,andprioritiesforfutureaction.

AfteradraftoftheESIPlanwasdeveloped,additionalwrittenandverbalfeedbackwascollectedfromtheLeadershipTeamandstafftopicleadstofurtherrefineandrevisetheESIStrategicPlan.Ourspecialthanksgoto the following people, who have contributed ideas, insight, data, or edits to this document.

City of Bellevue

Paul Andersson*

Rick Bailey

Teresa Becker

Heidi Bedwell

Elaine Borjeson

GeoffBradley

Melissa Brown

Patricia Burgess

Debbie Childers

Judy Clark

Laurie Devereaux

Dan DeWald

Stephanie Dompier

Susan Fife-Ferris

Lionel Forde

Karen Gonzalez

Jennifer Goodhart

Pat Harris

Ernie Henrie

Bill Heubach

Paul Inghram

Mike Ingram

Claude Iosso

KatieJensen

Emma Johnson*

Kate Johnson

Andrew Kidde

Emil King

Tom Kuykendall

Kevin LeClair

Franz Loewenherz

Pam Maloney

Kevin McDonald

Tracy McMahan

Shelley McVein

Earl Meldahl

Stela Nikolova

Julie Orta

Camron Parker

Kit Paulsen

Michael Paine

Dave Perry

Shari Phillips

Chelo Picardal

Frank Pinney

Mark Poch

Bobbi Pochman

Sean Pownall

David Pyle

Randy Ransom

Liz Rector

Julie Reznick

Jamie Robinson

Gregg Schrader

Todd Shepler

Tom Spille

Liz Stead

Dan Stroh

Kam Szabo

Ian Toms

Brian Ward

Sean Wellander

Mike Whiteaker

BrettWilson

Others SarahBergmann,CascadiaConsulting

ShannonDonnegan,CascadiaConsulting*

Jessica Geenan, PSE

McKennaMorrigan,CascadiaConsulting*

Kris Overby, PSRC

MichaelSteinhoff,ICLEI

Primary Authors*


Creating local jobs.

Many of the technologies, products and services required for the shift toa more sustainable future can be pro-vided by companies located in Bellev-ue. Products and services may include home insulation, green building con-struction,energymonitoringsoftware,recycledmaterials,lightingretrofits,so-lar panels, engineering, design and con-struction, water efficient landscaping,andsustainabletransportationsystems.

Protecting and enhancing natural systems.

Healthy watersheds, tree canopy, rivers, streams, and wetlands can simultaneous-ly reduce emissions, sequester carbon, and strengthen our ability to adapt to a changing climate. There are psychological benefitsforresidentswhocanaccessandenjoy nature within a few blocks of their home, as well as the economic benefitofattractingindustriesandhighlyskilledworkers to locate in Bellevue.

Enjoying livable, healthy communities.

Assets such as walkable and bike-able neighborhoods, local foods, and cleanairhelpenableapopulationofhealthy, active residents. Cities canhelpresidentsspendlesstimeintraf-fic and lessmoney on gas, providingmoreopportunitiesforsocializingandcontributingtoqualitycommunities.

The benefits of environmental stewardship go well beyond environmental protection.

As the City of Bellevue advances cleaner technologies, cleaner economies, and healthier ecosystems, new jobs and industries, well-being, happiness, and human health will follow.

COMMUNITYBENEFITS


Saving money and resources. Using less energy in homes, buildings, and vehicles means lower energy and transportationbillsforresidents,busi-nesses, and government. This keeps dol-lars in the hands of individuals, fami-lies, and local economies, increasing independence and stability.

Developing resilience to changing economies and environments. Climate change is already testing theresilience of transportation, energy,food, water, and other systems around the world. Dependence upon limited resources delivered through centralized systems and supply chains increases the risk to residents and businesses should these systems fail. Diversifying energy sources, transportation systems, andfood supplies is the first step towardmakingcitiesmoreriskaverse.

Engaging residents, businesses, and improving social equity.

Engaging residents and businesses can increase the creativity, accessibility, andpotentialofsolutionstoachievemeaning-ful sustainability. Green jobs, healthy local food,energy-efficienthomes,andafford-able and efficient transportation shouldand can be available to all residents.


REPORT OVERVIEWPast, Present, and FutureThe 2013-2018 ESI Strategic Plan highlights some of the City’s notable sustainability achievements from 2009 to2012.AcomprehensivelistingofpastandongoingprojectsisavailableinAppendixA:ProjectPortfolio.

TheimpactsofESIeffortshavebeenmeasuredbycollectingandanalyzingkeyperformanceindicators(KPIs).KPIsprovidetheinformationneededtounderstandtheeffectivenessofourefforts,toseethehealthofourenvironmentatthetimeofmeasurementand,justasimportant,todiscerntrendsovertime.KPIsarethe“reportcard”thatgradesouraccomplishments,clarifiesourpresentsituation,andinformsourdecisionsforfutureaction.

TheESIobjectivesforthe2013-2018periodarethefocusofthisreport.Theoverridingstrategyforthisnextperiodistoleverageandbuilduponthefoundationslaidinthefirstplanbyimplementingprojectsatalargerscale, expanding upon successful pilot projects, and broadening engagement by residents and businesses throughoutthecommunity.ESIwillalsocontinuethestrategyofservingasaleaderandconvenerofregionaleffortsthatallowallEastsidecitiestoachievebetteroutcomesthantheycouldachievealone.

Organizational Structure of the ReportThisreportisorganizedintofivecategories.Thecategoriesareusedasanorganizingdevice,withtheacknowl-edgmentthatsomeofthestrategiesandactionscouldconceivablyfallinmultiplecategories.Eachcategoryincludesaprimarygoal,broadstrategies,andalistofdetailedactionsthatareintendedtoachievethestatedgoal.Totheextentpossible,thegoalsandactionsarealignedwiththeCity’sComprehensivePlanandotherregional,state,orfederalframeworks.Keycriteriausedindevelopingtheactionsincludedimpact,feasibility,andtimeframe.ProgresstowardgoalsismeasuredandverifiedwithKPIs(seechartonnextpage).

The categories are:

Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Mobility & Land Use

Energy & Water

Materials Management & Waste

Ecosystems & Open Spaces

KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS A Snapshot of Current Conditions

M

C Community

Municipal

KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATOR TARGET 2011 TREND SINCE 2006

Greenhouse gas emissions(MTCO2e)

Greenhouse gas emissions (MTCO2e)

Fleet GHG emissions(MTCO2e)

Emissions from vehicle miles traveled(MTCO2e)

Commutetripreduction-DriveAloneRate(%)atlargeemployers

Emissions from kWh and therms consumed (MTCO2e)

Emissions from kWh and therms consumed (MTCO2e)

Gallons of water used

Gallons of water saved per day

Renewable energy installed in Bellevue (kW)

Emissionsfromlandfilledsolidwaste(MTCO2e)-excludessequestration

Emissionsfromlandfilledsolidwaste(MTCO2e)-excludessequestration

%oftotalwasterecycledandcomposted

Citywidetreecover(%)

Stream habitat

Acres of open space and parks

Public urban forests in class 1 and 2 condition(Class1ishealthiest)

14,511

1,577,500

3,119

772,600

63.9%

9,969

873,600

106,498

566,453

123

96

8,200

42.3%

36%

2,551

72%offorests in Class 1 or 2 condition

GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

MOBILITY & LAND USE

ENERGY & WATER

MATERIALS MANAGEMENT & WASTE

ECOSYSTEMS & OPEN SPACES

22%

22%

20%

11%

11%

45%

30%

37%(exceeding target)

22%(exceeding target)

7%

18%increase needed*

11%increase needed*

M

M

M

M

M

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

11,246(7% below 1990 levels)

1,238,203(7% below 1990 levels)

2,498(7% below 1990 levels)

683,836(7% below 1990 levels)

56.9%(10% reduction in SOV commuters from 2007/2008)


610,736(7% below 1990 levels)

Decrease(10% reduction below floor space-weighted average (TBD) by 2015, reaching a 50% reduction by 2030)

355,000(Cascade Water Alliance/ Bellevue Goals for 2013)

Increase

117 (7% below 1990 levels)

40%(American Forests’ urban tree cover recommendation)

Improve

Increase

Transition10acresperyearfrom Class 3 and 4 to Class 1 and2condition


50.0%(recycling rate for all contracted services)

Improving

Steady state

Improving

Steady state

Mixed(VMTdecreasing,drivealonerateincreasing)

Improving

Mixed(Increasing overall, decreasing per capita)

Mixed

Improving

Improving

Steady state

Improving

Improving

Declining(20% cumulative loss since 1986, no data since 2006)

Mixed

Improving

Improving

% REDUCTION NEEDED

*percentage increase from 2011 actuals needed to reach target%ReductionsarebasedonMayorsClimateReductionAgreementandotherCityadoptedtargets.


GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS


SparkedbytheU.S.ConferenceofMayorsClimateProtectionAgreementin2005,citiesacross the country have demonstrated a commitment to countering climate change. Embracing theapproach that “whatgetsmeasuredgetsmanaged,” thefirst step formost citieshasbeen tomeasure key indicators and calculateassociatedgreenhousegas (GHG)emissions.Measuringemissionsallowscities tosetgoals,assessprogress,identifyinefficiencies,andleadbyexample.Conductinganinventoryandsettingreduc-tiontargetscanitselfinspireactionandrealizebenefits.Arecentstudyfoundthatcitygovernmentswithemissionsreductionstargetsreportthreetimesasmanyemissionsreductionactivitiesascitieswithouttargets.1Forinstance,inLasVegas,conductinganemissionsinventoryhelpedtheircitygovernmentidentifyinefficienciesinoperations.Throughreviewandtrackingofenergyuse,citiescancutcostsandimproveoperationsofmunicipalfacilities,streetlights,wastewatertreatment,andfleetoperations.2

LocalandstategovernmentsinthePacificNorthwesthavebeenthenationalleadersinfurtheringpoliciesandinitiativestore-duceemissions.TheWesternClimateInitiative,whichin-cluded Arizona, New Mexico, Oregon, and Washington, soughttocreateamulti-stateemissionsregistryandmarket-basedreductionprogram3. In 2008, Washing-tonStateratifiedastatewidemandatetoreturnto1990 emissions levels by 2020.4 That same year, the state legislature passed RCW 70.94.151, which re-quires a single facility, source, or site that emits at least 10,000 metric tons of greenhouse gases an-nually to report their emissions to the Department of Ecology. Local activities include a new partner-ship—theKingCounty-CitiesClimateCollaboration—thatisprovidingsupporttolocalandregionalefforts,suchaseffortstoestablishcountywideGHGemissionsreductiontargets.5

In February 2007, Bellevue City Council passed Resolu-tion7517,formallyadoptingagoaltotrytoreducegreen-house gas emissions to 7 percent below 1990 levels by 2012. Shortly thereafter, Bellevue became a signatory of theU.S. Confer-enceofMayorsClimateProtectionAgreement(MCPA).Totrackprogresstowardthesegoals, the City conducted municipal and community-level emissions inventories in 2006andusedmodelstoestimatebaselineemissionslevelsin2001and1990.ThisreportincludestheCity’sfive-yearinventoryupdate,documentingtheemissionspro-duced by the City in 2011.

Bellevuehasachieved significant reductions inmunicipalemissions since signing theMCPAbut,likemostofthecitieswhojoinedtheMCPA,didnotreachthestatedtargetin2012.Notwithstandingthatfact,theMCPAhassethundredsofcitiesonthepathtoimprovingthehealthandwell-beingoftheircommunities,workingtoreduceclimatechange and preparing for impacts that can no longer be avoided, such as droughts, for-estfires,changesinthewatercycle,anddecreaseinpredictabilityofstormpatterns.Because the latest science shows that climate change is occurring at a pace that exceeds priorscientificestimations,6 and because Americans are already experiencing some of thecostlyeventsforetoldbyclimatescientists, it isevenmorecriticaltoaggressivelypursuebothmitigationandadaptionstrategies.7

Goal: Measure, communicate, plan, and act to reduce citywide greenhouse gas emissions.

“The window of opportunity to limit global warming to 2 de-grees Celsius has been missed. We’re looking at a potential 3-4 degree Celsius increase in our global temperature, with dra-matic consequences.”

–Shin-pei Tsay, director of Cities and Transportation in the Energy and Climate Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace


What are the likely effects of climate change on the Pacific Northwest?The interconnectedness of the global atmosphere and climate means that Bellevue’s natural re-sources are inherently linked to those outside the geographic boundaries of the City itself. For instance,watershortagesinagriculturalregionssuchasEasternWashingtonaffectfoodpricesinBellevue.WildfiresintheOlympicsaffectairqualityinthePugetSound.Itisthereforeimportanttomonitornaturalconditionsacrossregions,states,andbeyond.DoingsowillhelptheCitytobetterplanforpotentialresourceshortages,learnfromthechallengesfacedbyotherareas,andcontinu-ouslyimplementbestpractices.TheUniversityofWashingtonClimateImpactsGroup8 has done extensiveresearchonthelongtermanticipatedimpactsthatdatabasedclimatechangetrendswillhaveonthePacificNorthwestregion.Theirfindingsareasfollows:

Increasingsnowpacklossesareprojected.Relativetothe1916-2006historical average, snowpack losses are projected to reach 28 percent across the state by

the 2020s, 40 percent by the 2040s, and 59 percent by the 2080s.

As a result of snowpack losses and more snow falling as rain, seasonal streamflowtimingwilllikelyshiftsignificantlyinsensitivewatersheds.Puget

Soundwatersupplieswillseeashiftinthetimingofpeakriverflowfromlate spring(drivenbysnowmelt)towinter(drivenbyprecipitation)andreducedlevelsofsummerandfallstorage.Changesinstreamflowcannegativelyimpact

spawningcyclesofnativefish,whichdependuponminimaldisruptionin flowtoestablishbedsandhealthyfry,keepingpopulationshealthyovertime.*

Puget Sound water supply systems will generally be able to accommodate changesthroughthe2020sintheabsenceofanysignificantdemandincreases.

TheYakimabasinreservoirsystemwilllikelybelessable(comparedto1970-2005)to supply water to all users, especially those with junior water rights. Without

adaptation,shortageswouldlikelyoccur32percentofyearsinthe2020s,36percentofyearsinthe2040s,and77percentofyearsinthe2080s(comparedto14percentofyearsfortheperiod1916-2006).

Annualhydropowerproduction(assumingconstantinstalledcapacity)isprojectedtodeclinebyafewpercentduetosmallchangesinannualstreamflow,butsea-sonalchangeswillbesubstantial.Onthedemandside,populationgrowthis expectedtoincreasewinterheatingdemandevenaswintertemperatureswarm.Summercoolingdemandisexpectedtoincreasesignificantly–ontheorderof363-555percentbythe2040s–duetothecombinedeffectsofpopulationgrowthand warmer summer temperatures.

Snowpack

Stream flow

Water supply

Energy

*Note:whileregionalwaterwaysmaybesnowfed,Bellevue’sstreamsareprimarilyrainfedandnotalteredbysnowmeltpatterns.


Duetolackofirrigationwaterandmorefrequentandsevereprorationing,average productionofapplesandcherrieswouldlikelydeclinebyapproximately$23 million(about5percent)inthe2020sand$70million(about16percent)inthe 2080s.Assumingnoreductioninirrigationsupplies,theimpactofclimatechange on apples, potatoes, and wheat in Eastern Washington is projected to be mild in theshortterm(i.e.,nexttwodecades),butincreasinglydetrimentalwithtime, withpotentialyieldlossesreaching25%forsomecropsbytheendofthecentury.

Rising stream temperatures will likely reduce the quality and extent of freshwater salmonhabitat.Thedurationofperiodsthatcausethermalstressandmigration barriers to salmon is projected to at least double and perhaps quadruple by the 2080s for most analyzed streams and lakes. The greatest increases in thermal stress would occur in the Interior Columbia River Basin and the Lake Washington Ship Canal.

Duetoincreasedsummertemperatureanddecreasedsummerprecipitation, theareaburnedbyfireregionallyisprojectedtodoublebythe2040sand triplebythe2080s(relativeto1916-2006).Theprobabilitythatmorethantwo million acres will burn in a given year is projected to increase from 5 percent (observed)to33percentbythe2080s.PrimarilyeastoftheCascades,mountainpine beetleswilllikelyreachhigherelevations,andpinetreeswilllikelybemorevulner- abletoattackbybeetles.

Sealevelrisewillshiftcoastalbeachesinlandandincreaseerosionofunstable bluffs.Majorportslikelywillbeabletoaccommodaterisingsealevelattheir facilities,butadaptinglow-lyingcoastaltransportationnetworksthatserveport facilities(e.g.,trains,highways)willbeasignificantchallenge.Shellfish productioninthestatewillbenegativelyimpactedbyincreasingocean temperaturesandacidity,shiftsindiseaseandgrowthpatterns,andmore frequent harmful algal blooms.

ClimatechangeinWashingtonStatewilllikelyleadtosignificantlymoreheatand airpollution-relateddeathsthroughoutthiscentury.Projectedwarmingwould likelyresultin101additionaldeathsamongpersonsaged45andaboveduring heateventsin2025and156additionaldeathsin2045inthegreaterSeattlearea alone(relativeto1980-2006).Bymid-century,KingCountywilllikelyexperience 132additionaldeathsbetweenMayandSeptemberannuallyduetoworsened air quality caused by climate change.

Agriculture

Salmon

Forests

Coasts

Health


INVENTORY RESULTSIn 2011, the municipality and community of Bellevue emit-ted 1.58 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent greenhousegases(MTCO2e).Thisoverallcommunityemis-sions amount has remained fairly consistent since the City startedtrackingemissions in2001(seefigurebelow).Be-tween 2006 and 2011, municipal emissions decreased by 12percent(2,000MTCO2e)andcommunityemissionsin-creasedby0.3percent(4,500MTCO2e).

To meet the goal of reducing emissions to 7 percent below 1990levels,a22percent(339,300MTCO2e)reductionfrom 2011 emissions will be needed.

Municipal emissions, comprising less than 1 percent of total Bellevue emissions, were dominated by building electricityandfleetfueluse,whichcollectivelyaccountedfor over 50 percent of municipal emissions. Community emissions were largely composed of vehicle miles traveled andelectricityuse,whichcollectivelyaccountedforover80 percent of community emissions.

All units in MTCO2e*Landfillsequestrationisnotincludedinpiechart

All units in MTCO2e*Landfillsequestrationandavoidedemissionsfrom recycling are not included in pie chart

Fuel for Small Equipment

105 Street and TrafficLights

1,752 Refrigerants 21

Fleet Gasoline 1,901

Fleet Diesel 1,196

TransportationGasoline

644,000

TransportationDiesel

129,000

Industrial Electricity

10,000

ResidentialElectricity 201,000

Landfill&Compost Emissions 10,000

Building Natural Gas and Propane 1,622

Building Electricity 5,275

Industrial Natural Gas

7,000

Commercial Natural Gas87,000

Commercial Electricity404,000

ResidentialNatural Gas162,000

Commuting1,902

LandfillEmissions96

Other Scope 82

Airline and Business Travel 92

Water, Waste Water Pump StationElectricity 1,215

0.7%11.5%

0.1%

12.5%

7.8%

38.9%

7.8%

0.6%

12.1%

0.6%

0.4%

5.3%

24.4%

9.8%

10.6%

34.6%

0.6%

0.5%

0.6%

12.5%

8%

Gross Total = 15,259 MTCO2eLandfillSequestration=(-237)MTCO2e*Net Total = 14,511 MTCO2e

Gross Total = 1,653,300 MTCO2eLandfillSequestration=(20,000)MTCO2e*RecyclingImpact=(55,800)MTCO2e*Net Total = 1,577,500 MTCO2e

2011 Community GHG Emissions

2011 Municipal GHG Emissions

25

20

15

10

5

0

GOAL1,238,200 MTCO2e

Bellevue GHG Emission Trends

MTC

O2e

(Tho

usan

ds)

1,800

1,600

1,400

1,200

1,000

800

600

400

200

0

Community GHG Emissions

Municipal GHG Emissions

Per Capita MTCO2e

1990 2001 2006 2011

MTC

O2e

per

cap

ita


MUNICIPAL EMISSIONSCompared to 2006, municipal emissions decreased in all categories except building energy. The City’s most significantemissionsreductionswereobservedinstreetsandtrafficlights,employeecommuting,andwater/sewerpumpstationelectricity,whichdecreasedby48percent(1,610MTCO2e),22percent(537MTCO2e),and13percent(174MTCO2e)in2011,respectively.From2006to2011,theincreaseinbuildingenergyemissionswasrelativelysmall,increasing386MTCO2e,or6percent.

Source: Puget Sound Energy, fuel data from Bellevue Fleet, CTR Surveys of Bellevue City Hall and Bellevue Service Center, waste volumeestimatesfromRepublicServices.

*Note: Charts do not include emissions categories that were unmeasured prior to 2011. In 2011, Bellevue added measurement of fuelforsmallequipment(generatorfuel),airlinetravel,otherScope3emissions(e.g.,materialspurchasedandrecycledpaper)

1990 2001 2006 2011

1990 2001 2006 2011

1990 2001 2006 2011

1990 2001 2006 2011

1990 2001 2006 2011

1990 2001 2006 2011

8,000

6,000

4,000

2,000

0

4,0003,0002,0001,000

0

1,500

1,000

500

4,000

3,000

2,000

1,000

0

4,0003,0002,0001,000

0

–100200300400500600700

Municipal Building Energy

Municipal Street & Traffic Lights

Municipal Pump Station Electricity

Municipal Fleet

Municipal Commuting Emissions

GOAL 2,601 MTCO2e

GOAL 1,783 MTCO2e

GOAL 1,061 MTCO2e

GOAL 2,498 MTCO2e

GOAL 3,467 MTCO2e

GOAL 163 MTCO2e

Municipal Waste Emissions

MTC

O2e

MTC

O2e

MTC

O2e

MTC

O2e

MTC

O2e

MTC

O2e


COMMUNITY EMISSIONSFrom 2006 to 2011, emissions from the Bellevue community increased by 4,500 MTCO2e, or 0.3 percent. Electricity emissions decreased by 3 percent, or 22,100 MTCO2e. Emissions from natural gas and vehicle milestravelledincreasedby7percent(16,500MTCO2e)and1percent(9,500MTCO2e),respectively.Landfilldisposalemissionsdecreasedby600MTCO2e,or7percent.Becauseoflesswastegoingtolandfill,theamountofcarbonbeingstoredinlandfilldecreasedby5,200MTCO2e,or21percent.

Source:PugetSoundEnergy,BellevueDepartmentofTransportationmodelforvehiclemilestraveled,wastetonnagereportsfromBellevueUtilities.

NEXT STEPSThe2011inventoryrevealstheCity’semissionsarelevelingoff,reversinganalarmingtrendinemissionsgrowth.Tostartadeclineinemissions,theCitywillneedtoaddadditionalconcentratedeffortandresourc-es in all categories.

Thecategoriesmeasuredinthisinventoryvariedwidelyintheirrespectiveemissions,withthreecategories(vehiclemilestraveled,communityelectricity,andcommunitynaturalgas)accountingforover98percentofoverallemissions.ThesesectorsrepresentpriorityareasforreducingemissionsandmeetingCitygoals.EmphasisonactionstoreduceemissionsinthesehighlycontributivesectorswouldallowtheCitytodirectfundstowardthoseeffortsthatcouldofferthemostcosteffectivegreenhousegasemissionreduction.

STRATEGIES & ACTIONSManyoftheactionsdescribedelsewhereinthisreportreducegreenhousegasemissions.Thepurposeofthissection,therefore,islimitedtofocusingonthemechanismsrequiredtomeasuretheresultsofouref-fortsspecificallyrelatingtoGHGemissionsandensuringtheCityispreparingfortheforeseeableimpactsofclimatechange.Thefollowingthreeactionsfocusontheseobjectives.

700,000600,000500,000400,000300,000200,000100,000

1990 2001 2006 2011

1990 2001 2006 2011

GOAL 404,200 MTCO2e

GOAL 206,600 MTCO2e

Community Electricity

300,000250,000200,000150,000100,000

50,000

Community Natural Gas

MTC

O2e

1990 2001 2006 2011

800,000750,000700,000650,000600,000

GOAL 683,800 MTCO2e

Community VMT

MTC

O2e

MTC

O2e

1990 2001 2006 2011

–20,00040,00060,00080,000

100,000120,000

Community Waste Emissions-Net

GOAL 56,400 MTCO2e

MTC

O2e


Benchmark, report, and regularly monitor community and municipal GHG emissions.

Bellevue calculated municipal and community emissions for theyears2006and2011and,forcomparison,estimatedthosefor2001and1990(the“benchmark”year).Thatlaboriousdata-collectiontaskwillsoonbereplacedbyaweb-basedapplicationthatallowsfastandaccuratecreationof reports showing various environment and natural resource usage data, including greenhouse gas emissions. Easy, trans-parent,andnearly“realtime”datawillprovideanadditionalbasisforpolicydecision-makingandoperationalresourcemanagement.

Make recommendations to City Council to adopt new targets for GHG emissions reduction.

Bellevue,alongwith17of39KingCountycities,adoptedtheMayorsClimateProtectionAgreement(MCPA)GHGemissionsreductiontargets:7percentbelow1990levelsby 2012. As shown, Bellevue has made progress toward, but will not reach, that target by the end of 2012. Having a target in place is important since it provides an opera-tionalframeworkanddrivesprogress.Thisreportrecom-mends that the Bellevue City Council adopt an updated GHGemissionsreductionstargetthatisaligned,totheextent feasible and possible, with regional and statewide targets.GrantfundingforGHG-reducingeffortsisgener-allymorewidelyavailabletomunicipalitiesthathaveadoptedreductiontargets.

Determine the need for resiliency planning to minimize the negative im-pacts of a changing climate.

Preparingfor(oradaptingto)theimpactsofclimatechangeisnecessarytominimizethenegativeconse-quencesofclimatechangeinWashington.Optionsforadaptingtoclimatechangearevaried;andthechoicesmade by any one community will depend on how climate changemayaffectitsinterests,theresourcesavailableto that community, and the risk tolerance of its resi-dents and leaders. Being a resilient community in this contextrequiresacomprehensive,thoughtfulapproachtoassessingrisksandvulnerabilitiesandimplementingprudent preparatory measures.

2.

3.1.

MITIGATE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

Greenhouse Gas Emissions

1. Benchmark, report, and regularly monitor commu-nity and municipal GHG emissions.

2. MakerecommendationstoCityCounciltoadoptnewtargetsforGHGemissionsreduction.

3. Determine the need for resiliency planning to mini-mizethenegativeimpactsofachangingclimate.

STRATEGIES INDICATORS ACTIONS

M

C


MOBILITY & LAND USE


Transportationinfrastructureandroadwaysareamongthemostvisibleanddefiningelementsofurbanspaces.Transportationsystemsarealsointrinsicallylinkedtotheeconomic development of a city, moving goods and people to and from places of productionandemploymentwithefficiencyor,alternatively,withsubstantialdelays.How a community provides for the mobility of its residents and workers has profound impacts on quality of life, cost of living, human health, social networks, air and water quality, and wildlife. On an individual level, people with long commutes also report increased stress, health problems, and lower well-being.9Ultimately,thelong-termsustainabilityofacityisdependentonthequalityofitstransportationsystems.

The20thCenturysawtheriseoftheautomobileastheprimaryformoftransportation.Automobiles enabled freer movement of people and goods, but at highcosts.Airandwaterpollution,trafficcongestion,stress,injuryandfatalities,dependenceonfossilfuels,andGHGemissionsarejustafewofthenegativeconsequencesthat have resulted from the increasing dependence on automobiles use over the past century.

CHANGING COURSEDatasuggeststhatatransitionawayfromautodependenceisalreadyunderway.Nationally,driving(measuredinvehiclemilestraveled,orVMT)plateauedin2004andbegandroppingin2007, reaching its lowest level in nearly a decade in 2011.10 In the Puget Sound region, the VMT de-cline began even earlier and has remained steady for adecade,evenaspopulationhasgrown.11

Youngerpeople,inparticular,arelessinterestedindriving.Drivers ages 21 to 30 drove 12 percent fewer miles in 2009 than in 1995.12Atthesametime,demandforwalkable,bikeable,andtransit-orientedcom-munitiesisincreasingthevalueofrealestateincommunitiesthatsupportthosemodesoftransportation.13

Thenumberofpeoplechoosingalternativestodrivingisalsoincreasing.Between2000and2010,bicyclecommutingintheUSincreasedby39percent.14 To meet the transportationdemandsofthefuture,citiesmustdramaticallyincreasetransit,walk-ing,andbikingoptionsanddesigncompact,livableneighborhoodswheresuchmodesof travel are preferable to using a car. When cars are needed, infrastructure and supportforalternativetechnologiessuchelectricvehiclesandalternativefuelswillreduce the environmental impacts of vehicles.

Goal: Significantly expand the use of convenient low- or zero-emission transportation for commutes in and through Bellevue.

“Let’s remain a City in a Park and not become a City in a Parking Lot.”

–Kim BecklundBellevue Transportation Policy Advisor


HOW IS BELLEVUE DOING?InBellevue,trafficandlimitedtransportationoptionsareamongresidents’biggestconcerns.15 TrafficcongestionintheSeattle-Bellevueareacostnearly$2billioninwastedfuelandlostworkhoursin2010alone.16 The follow-ingdatashowsBellevue’sprogresstowardthegoalsofreducedfuelconsumption,reducedvehiclemilestraveled,and reduced drive-alone rate.

Total US Vehicle Miles Traveled (in millions)

3,000,000

2,500,000

2,000,000

1,500,000

1,000,000

500,000

1936

1941

1946

1951

1956

1961

1966

1971

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

2006

2011

Source:USDepartmentofTransportationFederalHighwayAdministration.(2010)."HighwayStatistics2010PublicRoadMileage"and"HistoricalMonthlyVMTReport"(2012)


GHG Emissions of Municipal Fleet

Bellevue’sadditionofelectricandalternativefueledvehiclesintoitsfleetismakingameasurabledifferencein the City’s emissions. State law requires that, to the extent feasible, local governments use only electricity orbiodieseltooperatepubliclyownedvessels,vehicles,andconstructionequipmentbytheyear2018.17 ESI’s effortsarehelpingensurecompliancewiththatlaw.

Commute Trip Reduction

AccommodatingBellevue’slargeandgrowingdaytimepopulation(130,900,incomparisontotheresidentialpopulationof123,400)18 presents local and regional travel challenges. The state has mandated a 10 percent reductionindrive-aloneratesbetween2007/2008and2011/2012.ThisCommuteTripReduction(CTR)lawappliestoemployerswith100ormorefull-timeemployeesincongestedareas.TheCTRdrive-alonerateinBel-levue is currently 63.9 percent. Notably, the number of workers at CTR sites has expanded from 21,316 workers at52sitesin2007/2008(~15percentoftotalworkersinBellevue)to32,449workersat60affectedworksitesin2011/2012(~25percentoftotalworkersinBellevue).However,theaveragenumberofdaily,one-wayvehiclemilestraveledtowork(VMT)hasdeclinedfrom11.4miles(one-way)to10.9peremployee.Thechartbelowshowsdrive-alonerateandone-wayVMTresultsfromBellevueworkersreportingundertheCTRprogram.

1990 2001 2006 2011

4,000

3,500

3,000

2,500

2,000

GOAL2,498 MTCO2e

MTC

O2e

GHG Emissions of Bellevue’s Fleet

GOAL57%

Bellevue Workers Drive-Alone Rate and Average One-Way VMT

2007/08 2009/10 2011/12

80%75%70%65%60%55%50%45%40%

1211.51110.5109.598.58

Dri

ve A

lone

Rat

e

VMT

Average one-way VMT

Drive-Alone Rate

Source: Fuel data provided by Bellevue Fleet.

Source:CTRdataworksheet(noFillversion)dated12Dec2012,providedbyWSDOT


Vehicle Miles Traveled

Annualvehiclemilestraveled(VMT)measuresfreewayandnon-freewaymilestraveledinandthroughBellevue.An-nual VMT increased regionally 2.79 percent from 2005-2011, to 1,330 million miles or 581 MTCO2e per million VMT (seeGHGMethodologyforafullexplanationonhowthiswascalculated).

Mode Split

Modesplitdescribesthenumberoftrips,orpercentageoftravelers,usingaparticulartypeoftransportation.Manycitiessetmodesplittargetstoencouragebalancedandsustainabletransportmodes(e.g.,30percentnon-motorized[cyclingandwalking],30percentpublictransport).Inthe1980s,BellevueimplementedsomeofthefirstTransportationDemandManagementpoliciesinthecountry.TheCity’sComprehensivePlanin-cludespoliciesandpracticesfortransportation,landuse,andurbandesignforreducingautodependencyandprovidingamulti-modalsystemofviabletransportationoptions.19

Total Annual Vehicle Miles Traveled in Bellevue and GHG Emissions Intensity

Bellevue Non-Freeway

Bellevue Freeway

GHG Emissions Per Million VMT

1990 2001 2006 2011

Ann

ual V

MT

(MillionsofM

TCO2e

)

GH

G E

mis

sion

s pe

r M

illio

n VM

T(M

TCO2e

)

1,400

1,200

1,000

800

600

400

200

0

800.0

700.0

600.0

500.0

400.0

300.0

200.0

100.0

0.0

Transportation Mode Used by Bellevue Resident Workers

CAR, TRUCK OR VAN- DROVE ALONE

CAR, TRUCK OR VAN- CARPOOLED

PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION (EXCLUDINGTAXI)

WALKED OTHER MEANS

WORKED AT HOME

2005-2007 3-Year Average

2008-2010 3-Year Average

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

%ofR

esiden

tWorkers16

Year

s an

d O

lder

Source:CityofBellevueDepartmentofTransportation2011modelforvehiclemilestraveled,adjustedforpreviousyearswhichwere based on Puget Sound Regional Council models

Source:AmericanCommunitySurveydata(3yearaverages)"Meansoftransportationtoworkbyselectedcharacteristics."


INTEGRATING LAND USE AND TRANSPORTATION IN DOWNTOWN BELLEVUE

Denser, mixed use, and pedestrian-friendly places can resultinfewertripsbycarandreductionsingreenhousegas emissions. Downtown Bellevue’s growth in recent years provides a great example, where many more people are living closer to work, restaurants, and shopping and reducing their vehicle miles traveled. In 2013, Downtown Bellevue had 10,500 residents and over 43,000 employees, spaced over two-thirds of a square mile—only 2 percent of the City’s land area.

Bellevue’sDowntownLandUseCodehasincentivizedhousingdevelopmentandactive,pedestrian-friendlystreetscapes.Maximumparkingratiospreventover-building of parking supply. The major east-west arterial, NE 6th Street, is dedicated principally for pedestrians and transit center use, rather than cars. The City works activelywithDowntownbusinesses,transitagencies,andthegroupTransmanagetoshiftcommutersawayfromdriving alone.

Resultsonthegroundhavebeendramatic.Sincejust2000,transitusageinDowntownBellevueisupmorethan5times,tototalboardingsof14,000dailytripsin2012(notcountingpass-throughs).Pedestriansareincreasing.From2009-2011,afternoonpeakpedestriancountson108thAveNErose42percentand55percentonBellevueWay. About 42 percent of Downtown Bellevue residents commute to work by means other than driving alone – compared to 32 percent for Bellevue as a whole. Fourteen percent of Downtown residents walk to work, and 9 percent of households are car-free.

TheDowntownLivabilityInitiative,underwayin2013,aimstoensurethatfuturegrowthoccursinawaythatisincreasinglypedestrian-friendly,sustainable,andadditivetothequalityofplace.

Public Transit Usage (on/off)

Transit(on/off)statisticsshowsteadygrowththroughoutBellevue.WiththesecountsofthenumberofridersgettingonandoffofbusesinkeylocationsinBellevue,theCitycandetermineif,andtowhatextent,transitusageisincreasingandwheremoreorlesstransitserviceisjustified.

Average Daily Bus Ridership in Bellevue

2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2012

50,000

45,000

40,000

30,000

25,000

20,000

15,000

10,000

5,000

0

On/OffBoa

rding

Source: City of Bellevue Department of Transportation(2013).ExistingandFutureConditionsReport


Walk Score

Oneofthecharacteristicsusedtoevaluatepotentialplacestoliveandworkisthewalkingdistancebetweenhomesandamenities(suchasparks,restaurants,groceries),whichissomethingattemptedtobecapturedthrough the“Walk Score.” A Walk Score above 70 indicates that a neighborhood is “very walkable.” Currently, only four out of twenty-two of Bellevue’s neighborhoods rate as “very walkable,” while 14 score below 50, desig-natingthem“car-dependent.”WalkScoremeasuresonlythe“point-to-point”lineardistancetoamenitiesanddoesnot integrate any other key criteria for walkability. Walk Score does not, for example, measure street design, safety, topography, or weather.20 Whileimperfect,themeasurementsystemiscurrentlybeingrefinedandprovidesaninterestinglenscombininglanduse,mobility,enviromentalandlivabilityevaluationandplanningcriteria.

WalkScoreRa

ting

Walk Score Of Bellevue’s Neighborhoods

DO

WN

TOW

N

HID

DEN

VAL

LEY

OVE

RLAK

E

FACT

ORI

A

CRO

SSRO

ADS

LAKE

HIL

LS

ROBI

NSW

OO

D

MEY

DEN

BAU

ER

NO

RTH

BEL

LEVU

E

WIL

BURT

ON

WO

OD

RID

GE

NEW

PORT

HIL

LS

BRID

LE T

RAIL

S

ENAT

AI

NEW

PORT

SH

ORE

S

INTE

RLAK

E

PHAN

TOM

LAK

E

VASA

EAST

GAT

E/CO

UG

AR M

OU

NTA

IN

TAM

O’S

HAN

TER

SOM

ERSE

T

WES

T LA

KE S

AMM

AMIS

H

908070605040302010

0

VERY WALKABLE

Miles of Pedestrian and Bike Facility Construction

TheCityofBellevuesupportswalkingandbikingassafe,healthy,andattractivealternativestodriving.SpecificroutesandcorridorsaredetailedintheCity’sPedestrianandBicycleTransportationPlan.In2011,approximately1.4milesofpedestrianfacilities(2,317feetofsidewalk,2,808feetofpedestriantrailand2,292feetmulti-usetrail)and0.83milesofbicyclefacilitieswerebuiltintheCityofBellevue.

Source: Walk Score for the City of Bellevue. Retrieved September 2012 from http://www.walkscore.com/WA/Bellevue.

http://www.walkscore.com/WA/Bellevue


Source:CityofBellevue(2011).PedestrianandBicycleProgressReport2011.

Summ

ary

2011 Pedestrian and Bicycle Program Progress Report

Page 3

Pedestrian Improvem

ents

Figure 3: Pedestrian Facility Construction toward the 2009 Ped-Bike Plan – Cum

ulative (See Appendix, Table 2 for additional detail)

5' - 12' Wide

Sidewalk

6,945

5' - 12' Wide

Sidewalk

17,678

5' - 12' Wide

Sidewalk

19,329

2' - 8' Wide

Pedestrian Path 240

2' - 8' Wide

Pedestrian Path 2,104

10' - 14' Wide

Multi-U

se Path 312

10' - 14' Wide

Multi-U

se Path 312

10' - 14' Wide

Multi-U

se Path 2,604

0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000

20092010

2011

Linear Feet

Year

Pedestrian Facility Construction Tow

ard 2009 Ped-Bike Plan - Cumulative

7,257

24,114

18,231

Summ

ary

2011 Pedestrian and Bicycle Program Progress Report

Page 7

Bicycle Improvem

ents

Figure 7: New

Bicycle Facility Construction – cumulative

(See Appendix Table 4 for additional detail)

Off-Street Path 312

Off-Street Path 312

Off-Street Path 2,604

Bike Lane 2,593

Bike Lane 24,808

Bike Lane 24,808

Bike Shoulder

866

Bike Shoulder

5,077

Bike Shoulder

6,942

Shared Shoulder

3,264

Shared Shoulder

3,410

Shared Shoulder

3,618 W

ide Outside

Lane 144

Wide O

utside Lane 144

Sharrow

6,473

Sharrow

6,473

0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000 45,000

20092010

2011

Linear Feet

Year

New

Bicycle Facility Construction - Cumulative

7,035

40,224

44,589


Electrical Vehicle (EV) Charging Station Use

Electricvehiclesproducenodirectemissionstotheairandlesspollutionintothewaterwaysthangasolinecombustionengines.Becauseoftheregion’scleanerpowerportfoliomix,indirectemissionsareloweraswell.

Bellevuehasinstalled22stationsforpublicandmunicipalusesinceearly2011,andtheCityplanstoexpandthenetwork.Thischartshowsincreasesinmonthlystationusage,symbolizingsignificantmarketadoptionofEV technology.

Mon

thlyUsage(h

ours)

City of Bellevue EV Charging Station Usage

Hours of ChargingCumulativeUsage

900800700600500400300200100

0

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0

Cumulati

veUsage(h

ours)

Nov

201

0

Jan

2011

Mar

201

1

May

201

1

Jul 2

011

Sept

201

1

Nov

201

1

Jan

2012

Mar

201

2

May

201

2

July

201

2

Sep

2012

Source: ChargePoint EV reports.


STRATEGIES & ACTIONSTheCityhasidentified15actionsforadvancingitsobjectivesamdmakingprogresstowarditskeyperformanceindicatorsinthiscategoryoverthenextfiveyears.Manyoftheseeffortsareunderwayandwillbecontinuedorexpanded.


REDUCE MUNICIPALFLEET FUELCONSUMPTION

EXPANDCONVENIENT,LOW EMISSIONTRANSPORTATIONOPTIONS

CREATE A WALKABLE AND BIKEABLE CITY

REDUCE VEHICLEEMISSIONS

GHG emissions of municipalfleet

Drive-alonerate(%)

VMT

Mode split

On/off-boardingofpublic transit

Walk Score

Miles of pedestrian and bikefacilityconstruction

EVchargingstationuse

1. PursueEvergreenFleetscertificationforBellevue’sfleet.

2. PrioritizethepurchaseanduseofalternativefuelvehiclesforBellevue’sfleet;selectthemostefficientvehiclesuit-able for the job.

3. Reduce idling through behavior change strategies and installationofidlingreductiontechnology.

4. Improvetransportationaccessandtheproportionofnon-drive-alone travel in Downtown Bellevue.

5. ContinueandgroweffectiveCommuteTripReduction(CTR)andTransportationDemandManagement(TDM)programs.

6. Explorealternativestocurrentconcurrencymethodologytoincludemultimodalaspectsofthetransportationsystem.

7. Studytheissuesandopportunitiesrelatedtominimumand maximum parking requirements.

8. Update and maintain the Bellevue Transit Plan as a guidefortransitprovisioninthecommunity;continuetocollaboratewithandsupporteffortsbyagencyandcommunity partners to build market share for transit among employees and residents.

9. Explore land use policies that lead to a greater mix of amenitieswithinneighborhoods.

10. Continueplanningfortransit-orienteddevelopmentin key sub areas.

11. Increase accessibility of pedestrian and bike travel routes according to the City’s Ped-Bike Plan.

12. Market, recognize, and promote cycling to increase bi-cycle ridership and pedestrian travel in the community.

13. Right-sizethecommunityelectricvehicle(EV)chargingstationinfrastructureinBellevue.

14. Continueupgradeoftrafficsignalmanagementsystemtoimprovetrafficflow.

15. Considermitigationtoolsforeffectivelyreducinggreenhouse gas emissions associated with develop-ment projects.

M

C

C

C

C

C

C

C


Pursue Evergreen Fleets certification for Bellevue’s fleet.

Efficientfleetsreducegovernmentspendingandincreasehealthylivingforresidents.ThisactionincludesBellevuepursuingcertificationwiththeEvergreenFleetsprogram,aprojectoftheWesternWashingtonCleanCitiesCoalition.CertificationwillalignBellevue’sfleetperformancewithnationalstandardsandprovideopportunitiesforrecogni-tionbythenationalGovernmentGreenFleet100BestFleets program.

Prioritize the purchase and use of alter-native fuel vehicles for Bellevue’s fleet; select the most efficient vehicle suitable for the job.

Bydiversifyingfuelsawayfromtraditionalfossilfuel(e.g.to-ward,E-85FlexFuel,biodiesel,electric,andnaturalgas)and

selectingtherightsizevehicleforoptimumefficiency,fleetmanagershaveasignificantopportunitytosavemoneyandresources.21 To facilitate this, an internal Fleet Governance CommitteewillworkwithCitydepartments,includingPro-curement, to develop policies and procedures to select the mostefficientfuelandvehicleforthejob.Thisactionincludesthe City’s fueling infrastructure being updated to provide bio-diesel,E85,and/orEVplug-instationsforBellevue’sfleet.

Reduce idling through behavior change strategies and installation of idling re-duction technology.

Vehicles get the worst MPG when their engines run but they don’tmove.Becauseofthis,aswellasnoiseandparticulateimpacts,manystatesandmunicipalitiesrestrictidlingorhaveanti-idlingpolicies.Inaddition,newtechnologysuchasbattery-basedauxiliarypowersystemsforaidcarscanassistevenfurtherwithreducingidletime.

2.

1.

CITY FLEET CUTTING CONSUMPTION OF FOSSIL FUELS

Takingsignificantstepstocutcostsandgreenhousegas emissions, the City of Bellevue has replaced aging vehicles with 3 electric cars and over 90 hy-brid vehicles.

Steadily replacing gasoline powered with hybrids over the past several years, the City now has 120 hybrids, more than half of the 230 passenger ve-hiclesinthefleet. Havingalargeportfolioofhigh-efficiencyvehiclessaves the City more than $100,000 and 30,000gallons of gasoline each year, and reduces an-nual fleet carbon dioxide emissions by 250met-ric tons. Moving away from gasoline dependency hasprovedparticularlyeffectiveasgaspriceshaveclimbed.

“We are not only being good stewards of our environment but also of tax dollars by gradually transitioningtoacleaner,greenerfleet,”saidMayorConradLee.“Wearewalkingthetalk,andshowingourcommunity that it is feasible to use greener cars.” Bellevue’sinvestmentinchargingstationsisalsopayingeconomicdividends,withluxuryelectriccarmakerTeslachoosing to site a showroom here, alongside Chevy and Nissan who are also selling electric models.

3.


Improve transportation access and the proportion of non-drive-alone travel in Downtown Bellevue.

ThisactionwillcontinuetoimplementandworktowardsthegoalsoftheDowntownBellevueGrowthandTransportationEfficiencyCenterplan(“ConnectDowntown”),aprogramwhich is a component of the state’s revised 2006 Commute TripReductionlaw.Thisplanprovidesacustomizeddown-town-widetripreductionprogramwith10objectivescover-ingelementssuchaspublic/privatepartnerships,amenities,marketing,andincentives.TheConnectDowntowngoalis63.9%commutedrive-aloneratefromthe71%baseline.Asof2011,Bellevueisat65%.22

Continue to grow effectiveCommute Trip Reduction (CTR) and Transportation Demand Management (TDM) programs.

CTR programs are required by Washington State law. In Bellevue, employers with 100 or more employees commut-ing to a worksite in the 6-9 a.m. peak period are required to establishprogramstoreducecommutetrips(BCC14.40).These employers are eligible to receive assistance from the Citytodevelopeffectiveprogramsandmeasureprogress.City TDM programs include support for downtown employ-ers through the voluntary Commute Advantage program. In addition,BellevuemaintainstheChooseYourWayBellevue.org website as a one-stop resource for employers, employ-ees,andresidentstolearnabouttransportationoptionsandavailable resources. CTR and TDM programs save money and emissionswhilesignificantlyreducingcongestion.

Explore alternatives to current concur-rency methodology to include multimodal aspects of the transportation system.

WashingtonState’sGrowthManagementAct(GMA)containsaprovisionrequiringlocaljurisdictionstohaveinplace,ortohavefunded,necessarytransportationfa-cilitiesconcurrentwithnewdevelopment.TheseLevel-of-Service(LOS)standards,calledconcurrency,arebasedontheflowrate,builtcapacityoflanes,andthetrafficsignals required by Bellevue City Code. Concurrency standards currently do not include pedestrian, bike, bus rapidtransitorrailfacilitiesthat,inadditiontothestreetnetwork, provide for mobility in dense urban areas. The CityofBellevueaimstoexploreincorporatingmoreofthesemulti-modaltransportationLOSstandardsintoitsconcurrencystandard.However,significantbarriersexistdue to the unavailability of reliable measures of alterna-

tivemodeimprovementimpactsonareamobilityandnecessaryfinancialplanningtoforecasttransituse.TheCity of Bellevue will work towards resolving these issues inordertobetterreflectthemulti-modalmobilityinDowntown and other urban growth areas.

Study the issues and opportunities related to minimum and maximum parking requirements.

The current Land Use Code requires developers to build a minimum number of parking spaces based on size and loca-tion.Thiscanleadtosprawlingparkinglotsthatconsumeotherwisevaluablelandandincreasetrafficcongestionwhilereducing valuable assets like tree canopy and walkability. If auto spaces are not required because of a use of transit, carpooling,walking,orbiking,anexemptionprocessforpro-viding onsite parking is needed. Where parking spaces have beenreduced,innovativemitigationoptionsforparkingimpacts should be allowed.

Update and maintain the Bellevue Transit Plan as a guide for transit provision in the community; continue to collaborate with and support efforts by agency and community partners to build market share for transit among employees and residents.

Transit services in Bellevue are provided by outside agencies (SoundTransitandKingCountyMetro).TheCity,however,playsanessentialroleinprovidingtheinfrastructure,plan-ning,andafinancialshareinexpandingandfacilitatingthesetransitnetworks.Thisstrategycontinuestosupportfuture-focused transit projects that reduce auto-dependency for Bellevue’s residents and workforce.

Explore land use policies that lead to a greater mix of amenities within neigh-borhoods.

Bellevue plans for development through its Comprehen-sive Plan, which is updated every 7 years. The Compre-hensive Plan is aligned with the state’s Growth Manage-ment Act and King County’s countywide planning policy. Land use planning for increased urban density, as well encouragingneighborhoodscaleamenities,areprovenways to reduce vehicle miles traveled.

5.

4.

6.

7.

8.

9.

ChooseYourWayBellevue.org



Continue planning for transit-oriented development in key sub-areas.

Transit-orienteddevelopment(TOD)isaconceptthatcreatescompact,walkable,livablecommunitiesnearbus and train lines. Such developments create com-munitiesthatincludeamixofjobs,housing,andurbanamenities,providingresidentslifestyleoptionsthatarenotinextricablytiedtoautomobiles.CaliforniaAirResourcesBoardstudiesshowthat“significantlyincreasingwalkingandtransitopportunities,”alongwith strategically located moderate-to-high-density development and transit, could achieve an annual reductioninvehiclemilestraveled(VMT)ofbetween20-30 percent per TOD household.23 Transit-oriented de-velopmentreducesregionalroadcongestion,improvesair quality, increases transit ridership, and reduces fuel expensesforresidents-promotingahealthierlifestyleoverall. In Bellevue, key transit sub-areas include Down-town, Eastgate/I-90, Wilburton, Bel-Red 2023, and the Spring District 2023.

Increase accessibility to pedestrian and bike travel routes according to the City’s Ped-Bike Plan.

Peoplewalkandbikemoreoftenifthetravelroutesfordoingsoaresafe,attractive,andenjoyable.IntheUS,walking and cycling are much more dangerous than car travel, both on a per-trip and per-mile basis.24 Closing infra-structure gaps in sidewalks increases pedestrian safety, as dotrafficcalmingandsignalimprovements,whileim-provingexerciseopportunitiesandhealthoutcomes.TheCity’s Ped-Bike Plan calls for 435 projects that when built will yield 90 miles of sidewalk, 144 miles of bikeway, and 20 miles of trail facility improvements. Examples like the West Lake Sammamish Parkway project are enabling more multi-modalmobilityforresidents.25

Market, recognize, and promote cycling to increase bicycle ridership and pedestrian travel in the community.

Trafficimprovementscanbesupplementedbyincentiveprograms in order to increase non-motorized travel. The City’sTDMprogramincentivizesbiketripsbypromotingrelevantinformation,giveaways,andcontestsandinstallingbike racks. May is Bike to Work Month in the Puget Sound and is a great example of how to recognize and encourage people to get on their bikes. The City hopes to expand its educationprogramstoencourageresidents,students,andemployeestobikeandwalkfartherandmoreoften.

TRANSPORTATION PARTNERSHIPS

Bellevue is served by nearly 40 King County Metro and Sound Transit routes. Under the framework of the Bellevue Transit Plan, the City encourag-esprovisionoftransitservicetoactivitycentersand neighborhoods at levels that make transit a viable option for many Bellevue residents andworkers, and facilitates speed and reliability for transit. Riders on the Rapid Ride B line—which opened in Fall 2011 and connects downtown Bel-levue to Crossroads, Overlake and Downtown Redmond—benefitfromsignalpriorityforbusesatcertainkeyintersectionsalongtheroute. Through a partnership of the City of Bellevue, oth-ereastsidecitiesandsocialservicesagencies,theEastsideEasyRiderCollaborativeincreasestrans-portationaccessandoptionsforpersonswithdis-abilities,olderadultsandlowincomeresidents. The City is working closely with Sound Transit on planning for the East Link light rail line, which will connect downtown Bellevue with Bel-Red and RedmondOverlaketotheeastandSeattletothewest and open for service in 2023.


Right-size the community electric vehicle (EV) charging station infrastructure in Bellevue.

The City will work both independently and with commer-cialbuildingstoright-sizethenetworkofchargingstations,includingconsiderationofsitingLevelIII“FastChargers,”inareas with the highest demand and usage. Other consid-erationsinthisprocessincludeappropriatecostrecoverypricingandregionalandstatecollaborationefforts.

Continue upgrade of traffic signal man-agement system to improve traffic flow.

TrafficsignalmanagementallowstheCitytocoordinateandsynchronizetrafficsignals.Bellevuehaslongbeenanationalleaderinsignalmanagement,butrecentad-vancesin“adaptive”signals(signalsthatadapttorealtimetrafficconditions)provideadditionalopportunitiestoincreaseefficiencyandthereforeairqualityandfuelefficiency.Bellevueisintheprocessofconvertingallsignalstotrafficadaptivetechnology,withplanstocom-plete the project in 2015.

Consider mitigation tools for effectively reducing greenhouse gas emissions asso-ciated with development projects.

BellevueDevelopmentServicesstaffhavebegundisclos-ing greenhouse gas impacts of major new developments underreviewwithintheCity’sjurisdictionthroughtheStateEnvironmentalPolicyAct(SEPA).SuchSEPAre-quirementsarefocusedonidentification,disclosure,andconsiderationofGHGimpacts.However,thisinformationisnotcurrentlybeingutilizedtoidentifygreenhousegasmitigationoptionsassociatedwiththedevelopment.Thisactionrecommendsresearchandevaluationofpotentialapproachestomitigatinggreenhousegasimpactsfromnew development.

ELECTRIC CAR CHARGING LAUNCHES IN BELLEVUE

Asof2012Bellevueowns22stationsformunicipal and community use. With demand increasing for public electric vehicle charging stations,theCityisexploringplanstoexpand. The charging stations–funded by the WesternWashingtonCleanCitiesCoalitionandtheAmer-icanRecoveryandReinvestmentAct–automati-callytrackinformation,allowingtheCitytounderstandusagepatterns,estimatereductionsin petroleum use, and track other data. The use of electric vehicles rather than cars with internal combustion engines reduces air pollu-tionfromBellevue’slargestsingleemissionssector–transportation.

4

5


ENERGY & WATER


Goal: Ensure long-term access to clean energy and water while reducing the fiscal and environmental impacts of consumption.

Energy and water supplies are inherently linked to Bellevue’s quality of life, economic development, and community health. This region is blessed with some of the best-tasting,cleanest,andmostabundantwatersupplyinthecountry.Reliable,plentiful,andrelativelyinexpensiveenergyisanotherenvironmentalassetthat,whileoftentaken for granted by residents, is a reason many major industries and employers locate in the Northwest. However, neither of these assets is endless or without en-vironmentalimpact.Conservationandefficiencymeasures,alongwithfocusontheincreaseofrenewableenergy,willhelpprotecttheseattributesintothe future.

Hydropower generates 50 percent of Puget Sound En-ergy’s(PSE)electricity.26 This has given rise to our repu-tationforhaving“clean”electricity,ascomparedtothenationalaverageof42percentelectric-ityfromcoal-firedpowerplants.27 However, one third of PSE’s electricity comes from the coal-firedpowerplantitco-ownsinColstrip,Montana, which means that electricity use withinBellevuestillrequiressignificantcombustionofcoal.28

Even electricity generated from hydropow-erhasnegativeenvironmentaleffects,theprimary one being the impact on salmon andotheraquatichabitat.Damsradicallyalter natural water temperatures, chemistry, flowcharacteristics,andsedimentloads,allofwhichcanleadtosignificantchangesintheecologyandphysicalcharacteristicsoftheriverupstream and downstream.

The other key fuel source in the region, natural gas, is “cleaner”thancoal.However,therearesignificantconcernsabout the environmental and human health impacts of natural gas extractionefforts,especiallythoserelatedtogroundwater.Thecombustionofnaturalgas also emits carbon.

Forthesereasons,strategiesthatincreaseinstallationofrenewableenergygenera-tionsourceswhilesimultaneouslyworkingonenergyconservationandefficiencymake a lot of sense.

ThesupplyofwaterinWesternWashingtoniscurrentlyquiterobust.However,scientistsfrom the UW Climate Impacts Group showthatAprilsnowwaterequivalent(SWE)isprojected to decrease by an average of approximately 27-29 percent across Washing-ton State by the 2020s, 37-44 percent by the 2040s, and 53-65 percent by the 2080s, as global average temperatures increase,29,30 meaning that water resources and stor-age planning will become increasingly important.

“The US economy has tripled in size since 1970 and three-quarters of the energy needed to fuel that growth came from an amazing variety of efficiency advances-- not new en-ergy supplies. ...Going forward, the current economic recovery, and our future economic prosperity, will de-pend more on new energy efficiency behaviors and investments than we’ve seen in the last 40 years.”

-John A. Skip Laitner, The Long-Term Energy Efficiency Potential, ACEEE, January 2012


CONSERVATION AND EFFICIENCY: A SUCCESS STORYSteadypopulationgrowthinthePugetSoundregionrequiresutilitiestomeetgrowingdemandsforenergyandwater.Onewaythatutilitieshavemetincreaseddemandisbysupportingconservationefforts.

Since1978,regionalenergyefficiencymeasureshaveproducednearly3,700MWofsavings–equivalenttotheproductioncapacityofmorethansixcoalplants.Theseenergyefficiencymeasuresreducecostsforratepayers,conservenaturalresources,andavoidthesignificantcapitalandoperatingexpensesofbuildingnewfacilities.31

Increasedenergyefficiencyinbuildingsisaprimaryreasonforaslowingrateofgrowthinelectricitycon-sumptionnationwide,despitegrowingpopulationsandbuildingstock.Nationally,thebuildingsectorac-countedforabout41percentofprimaryenergyconsumptionin2010,44percentmorethanthetransporta-tionsectorand36percentmorethantheindustrialsector.32 33

Withrespecttowater,proactiveinvestmentsandongoingefforts,includingthoseofthePugetSoundPart-nership,strivetoensurethattheprotectionofthePugetSoundregionalwatershedandtheongoingavail-abilityofsafe,dependablewatersupply.Efficiencytechnologiesandpracticeshavereducedwaterdemandbeloweventhemostconservativeplanningestimates,andthecentralPugetSoundhassufficientwaterforat least the next 50 years.34

Finally, renewable energy generation is starting to lower carbon emissions from electricity delivered through the grid. In 2006, Washington became the second state after Colorado to pass a renewable energy standard by ballot initiative. Renewable energy has effectively brought down the Northwest region’s grid baseload emissions from 907 lbs of CO2e per MWh in 2005 to 823 lbs of CO2e per MWh in 2009—a 9.2 percent reduction!

History

Annual Growth In Electricity Consumption Continues to Slow

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030

PROJECTIONS

2010

Percen

tGrowth(3

-yea

rrolling

average)

Structural Change In Economy- Higher Prices

Standards Improved Effi ciency

PERIOD ANNUAL GROWTH1950s 9.81960s 7.31970s 4.71980s 2.91990s 2.42000-2010 1.02010-2035 0.8

Trend Line

Source: EIA, Annual Energy Outlook 2012


WashingtonStateInitiative937requiredthatelectricutilitiesservingmorethan25,000 customers in the state of Washington obtain 15 percent of their electricity fromnewrenewableresourcesby2020andundertakeallcost-effectiveenergyconservation.TheUnionofConcernedScientistsfoundthatby2025,I-937willresultinthefollowingeconomicbenefitsforWashington:

•2.9percent,or$1.13billion,insavingson consumer electricity bills

•2,000newjobsinmanufacturing, construction,operation,maintenance,and other industries

•$138millioninadditionalincomeanda $148millionincreaseingrossstateproduct

•$2.9billioninnewcapitalinvestment

•$30millioninincometorurallandowners from wind power land leases

•$167millioninnewpropertytaxrevenuesorpaymentinlieuoftaxesforlocalcommunities

I-937


HOW IS BELLEVUE DOING?The following data show Bellevue’s progress toward the goals of conserving energy and water and increasingtheproductionanduseofrenewableenergy.

Energy Consumed - Municipal

EnergyefficiencygainsthroughouttheCityhavereducedgreenhousegasemissionsby1,498MTCO2esince2006.Aproactiveresourceconservationprogramacceleratedprogressinthisareasince2009,reducingoverallbuildingenergyuseby11percent(withoutadjustingforoutsideairtemperature).Bel-levueCityHallhasreducedenergyconsumptionby27percentsince2009.

Gallons of Water Used - Municipal

Thesummerof2009wasrelativelydryandhotinBellevuecomparedtothoseof2010and2011.In2011,severalsignificantleaks(whichwererepaired)atCityHallandDowntownParkincreasedtheusage compared to 2010. In 2011, municipal water use per employee was 88 CCF.

StreetAndTrafficLightskWh

kWhWaterAndWasteWaterPumpStation

Building Gas And Propane

Building kWh

Municipal Water Use

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

120

100

80

60

40

20

0 2009 2010 2011

TotalW

aterUse(tho

usan

dsofC

CF)

WaterUsePerEmployee

(CCF

)

MunicipalWaterUse(CCF)

Water use per employee

Municipal Electricity and Natural Gas Carbon Emissions (all City meters)

14,000

12,000

10,000

8,000

6,000

4,000

2,000

1990 2001 2006 2011

MTC

O2e

GOAL5,444 MTCO2e

Source: Puget Sound Energy

Source:DavePerry,BellevueUtilities,BellevueCityAccounts

2009 2010 2011


Energy Consumed - Community

ResidentialandcommercialefficiencyprogramsandtheimplementationoftheWashingtonStateEnergyCodehavecausedenergyusepercapitatodeclineovertime.However,totalpopulationgrowthwasgreaterthanthepercapitareductions,resultinginanetconsumptionincreasecomparedto2001.

Gallons of Water Saved Per Day - Community

Waterconservationprogramshaveresultedinsavingsofmorethan566,453gallonsofwaterperdayinBellevue.Cooler,wetterspringsandsummersin2010and2011significantlyreducedirrigationdemand,amajorfactorinoverallwateruse.Inaddition,wateruseperresidenthasdeclinedsince2009.

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

44

42

40

38

36

34

32

30

Residential

Municipal

Commercial

Water use Per Capita

(Residential)CCF(m

illions)

CCF

per

resi

dent

Total and Per Capita Water Use, 2009-2011

2009 2010 2011

Total and Per Capita Community Energy Use, 2001-2011

12000

1000

800

600

400

200

0

28

26

24

22

20

18

16

14

12

10

Natural Gas

Electricity

Electricity Per Capita

Natural Gas Per Capita

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

MTC

O2e

(tho

usan

ds)

MBT

U p

er r

esid

ent


Source:DavePerry,BellevueUtilities,PurveyorReports


PSE Sales of Green Power and kW of Renewables Installed

Purchases of “Green Power,” a program managed by PSE that allows customers to pay a slight premium for the purchase of renewable energy, are increasing, showing a demand for green power supplied to the grid.Despiteaslightdeclinein2011,overallrenewableprojectsinstalled(solarphotovoltaicpanels,andwindturbines)areincreasinginBellevueeachyear.

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

kW In

stal

led

Per

Year

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 June, 2012

kW of Renewable Energy Installed in Bellevue per Year

400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

kWh(m

illions)

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Green Power Purchased by PSE’s Bellevue Customers



STRATEGIES & ACTIONSTheCityhasidentified12actionsforadvancingitsobjectivesandmakingprogresstowarditskeyperformanceindicatorsinthiscategoryoverthenextfiveyears.Manyoftheseeffortsareunderwayandshouldcontinueorbeexpanded.


IMPROVE PERFORMANCE OF MUNICIPAL BUILDINGS AND SITES

IMPROVE PERFORMANCE OF COMMUNITY BUILDINGS AND SITES

ENGAGE THE COMMUNITY ON BEST PRACTICES FOR CONSERVATION

SUPPORT RENEWABLE ENERGY

Energy consumed

Gallons of water used

Energy consumed

Gallons of water saved per day

PSE sales of Green Power and kW of renewables installed in Bellevue

1. Continuetoimplementenergyandwaterconservationretrofitsandoperationalimprovementsformunicipalfacilities,streetlightsandtrafficsignals,andpumpstations.

2. IncreasetheCity’sI.T.energyefficiency.

3. Continuetoinstallandimplementwater-efficientlandscapingandpracticesforstreetscapes,parksites,Cityfacilities,andCity-maintainedplantings.

4. OperateandbuildCityfacilitiesaccordingtoestab-lished high performance standards of EPA’s ENERGY STAR and the USGBC’s Leadership in Energy and EnvironmentalDesign(LEED),andpursuecertificationwhere possible.

5. EstablishaninternalRevolvingLoanFund(RLF)to capturesavingsfromefficiencyupgradesandfund new projects.

6. Establish energy use benchmarking and disclosure requirement for commercial and City buildings with morethan25,000squarefeetandmultifamilybuild-ings with more than 20 units.

7. Encourageenergyandwaterconservationand green building in Bellevue through the energy code and other tools.

8. Reducecodebarriersandstreamlinepermittingprocesses for green building and renewable energy projects.

9. Movetowardreal-timeenergyandwaterconsump-tioninformationforcustomersthroughelectrical“smart-grid” technology and automated meter reads for water use.

10. Encouragemunicipalandprivatemarketparticipa-tioninvoluntaryprogramstodriveenergyandwaterconservation.

11. Conduct community awareness programs to encour-ageenergyandwaterconservationpracticesandrenewable energy purchases.

12. Implement renewable energy projects and study the potentialfordistrictenergysub-areasinBellevue.

M

M

C

C

C


Continue to implement energy

Continue to implement energy and water conservation retrofits and operational improvements for municipal facilities, street lights and traffic signals, and pump stations.

Bellevue’sResourceConservationManager(RCM)program,launchedinApril,2009,helpstoquantifysavingsandinitiatelow-costconservationthrough-out the City, and aims to reduce energy consump-tionbyfivepercentperyear.Thisactionalsoin-cludesretrofittingCity-ownedstreetlightstoLEDs,maintainingLEDsignalindications,installingastreetlightingcontrolsystem,andadoptionofadimmingpolicy for street lights.35

Increase the City’s I.T. efficiency.

Server use, computers, and tablet devices consume asignificantportionofelectricalpluguse.Procuringenergy-efficientequipmentisamajoropportunity,while simultaneously looking for ways to reduce theneedforequipment.Servervirtualizationconsolidatesserverspacebyoptimizingtheserv-ers’ processing power and allowing servers to run virtualapplications.Desktopvirtualizationremovesthe actual CPU and places all of the programs, ap-plications,processes,anddataontheserverandrunsthemcentrally.Third-partycloud-hostingisanother strategy that moves data storage external toCitycontrolandoperations.IncaseswheretheCity uses a third-party host, the City will ensure that the power used is environmentally-sound.

Continue to install and implement water-efficient landscaping and practices for streetscapes, park sites, City facilities, and City- maintained plantings.

Waterconservationpracticesincludecentralcon-trolsystems,dripirrigation,rainsensors,healthysoilmanagement,andleakdetection.TheCitywillidentifyspecificopportunitiesforsavingwaterinstreetscapesbecausetheseplantingscanuseasig-nificantamount of municipal water.

GREENING BELLEVUE I.T.

Information Technology (I.T.) is integral to a high-performing, resource-efficient, and low-carbonorganization. For instance, I.T. facilitates telework-ingbyenabling remoteaccess toapplicationsanddata,institutingdouble-sidedprintingasthedefaultin2008(deliveringa17percentreductioninpaperuse), and extending equipment life cycles (PC lifewas extended from three years to four, and server lifewasextendedfromfouryearstofive).

Bellevue’stransformationtoathrivinghigh-techhubrequiredanoptimizedI.T.infrastructuretosupportonlineCityservices,anextensiveapplicationportfo-lio tomanageCityoperations,and35percentan-nual data growth—all while lowering costs to meet budgetreductiontargetsandstayingcommittedtogreen I.T.

In order to achieve environmental performance goals, the I.T. Department consolidated direct-attached storage, network-attached storage, andstorageareanetworkonaNetAppunifiedstoragearchitecture. They also leveraged VMware to virtu-alize and consolidate 70 percent of approximately 200 servers, and they plan to hit an 80 percent vir-tualizationgoalin2012.

ConsolidatingstoragewithvirtualizationenablesI.T.to quickly deliver customer services with faster and easier provisioning. The consolidated infrastructure also facilitates appropriate disaster recovery plans, privatecloudforsecuremulti-tenancyandisolation,and virtual desktops.

As part of this commitment, Bellevue I.T. and its fa-cilitiesorganizationsethigherdatacentertempera-tures and installed more-accurate power meters tobettermeasureandassesstrendsinourenergyconsumption.Thepower-usageeffectiveness(PUE)improved from 1.6 in 2007 to an ENERGY STAR PUE of1.5in2011,whichisratedas“efficient”intermsof industry standards.

1.

2.

3.


Operate and build City facilities accord-ing to established high performance standards of EPA’s ENERGY STAR and the USGBC’s Leadership in Energy & Environ-mental Design (LEED); pursue certifica-tion where feasible and prudent.

ThisactionwilloperateandbuildCityfacilitiesandsitesto meet the performance standards of ENERGY STAR certificationand/orLEED.36 Both ENERGY STAR and LEED offerhighperformanceguidelinesthattheCitycanlooktoinoperatingitsfacilitiesandsites.Byfollowingthesestandards,regardlessofwhetherCityfacilitiesactuallyarecertified,energyandwaterconservationwillincrease.Theadditionalstepofeithertypeofcertificationwillrecognizeeffortsandimpressiveachievements,aswellasleadbyexample for the community. Bellevue City Hall has twice earnedENERGYSTARcertification,in2008and2010.ItistheonlyCityfacilitythathasbeencertified,outofahandful

ofeligibleCityfacilities.TheBellevueMercerSloughEnvi-ronmentalEducationCenterwastheCity’sfirstand,atthetimeofpublication,onlyLEEDGold-certifiednewbuilding. Establish an internal Revolving Loan Fund (RLF) to capture savings from efficiency upgrades and fund new projects. Arevolvingloanfund(RLF)isapoolofmoneydesignatedforfundingcost-savingenergyefficiency,renewableenergy,orotherconservationmeasuresovertime.ARLFistypicallymanaged by an internal team, and monies are loaned to qualifiedapplicantsordepartmentswithinajurisdiction.Savings from projects are used to pay back the loan in a predeterminedtimeframe,therebymakingfundsavailableagain for new project investments.37

4.

5.

ENERGY DISCLOSURE FOR BUILDINGS:

Boosting the Value of Real Estate, Creating Jobs, and Reducing Energy

Many building owners and operators lack knowledge about the energy performanceoftheirbuildings.Makingthisinformationmoreaccessibleen-ables the market to factor energy performance into real estate leasing and investmentdecisions,facilitatingdemandforenergy-efficientbuildingsandcompetitiontoimproveenergyperformance.

AnanalysiscompletedbyIMTandthePoliticalEconomyResearchInstitute(PERI)attheUniversityofMassachusettsshowedthatanationwideenergydisclosure policy would:

• Reduce energy costs for building owners, consumers, and businesses byapproximately$3.8billionthrough2015andmorethan$18billion through 2020.

•Generatemorethan$7.8billioninprivateinvestmentinenergyefficiency measuresthrough2020,yielding$3to$4inenergycostsavingsforevery dollar invested.

•ReduceannualenergyconsumptionintheU.S.buildingsectorby approximately 0.2 quadrillion BTUs by 2020, equal to taking more than 3millioncarsofftheroadeachyear.

Majorcitiesandstatesnowrequirebuildingownersandoperatorstocomparatively rate theenergyperformanceof theirbuildingsanddisclosebuilding energy performance indicators to the marketplace.

As building owners and tenants increase their knowledge and improve their performance,ENERGYSTARcertificationismorelikelytobeachieved.Theav-erage sale premium is 2 to 5 percent higher for ENERGY STAR rated buildings.


Establish energy use benchmarking and disclosure requirement for commercial and City buildings with more than 25,000 square feet and multifamily buildings with more than 20 units.

Energy benchmarking and disclosure ordinances have beenpassedbytwostates(CaliforniaandWashington)andfivecities(NewYorkCity,LosAngeles,WashingtonDC,Philadelphia,andSeattle),affectingbillionsofcom-mercialsquarefeet.LikeMPGratings,transparentenergyratingsenablethemarkettoassessbuildingenergyper-formanceandidentifybuildingswhereenergycostsarelower,creatingmoredemandforefficientbuildings.38 Each jurisdictionhasapolicythatcontainsuniqueapproachestoimplementation.Themostcommontoolusedindis-closureistheENERGYSTARratingsystem,whichisfree,isnationally-recognized,andcanbeeasilypopulatedwithautomated data uploads from PSE. The City of Bellevue will research and pursue the right policy approach for energy use disclosure benchmarking in its local market. Encourage energy and water conservation and green building in Bellevue through the energy code and other tools.

Thisactionincludesleveragingpartnerships,providingtechnical assistance, increasing builder awareness, and consideringbuildingincentives.EnsuringenergycodecomplianceisacriticalfunctionoftheCity’sdevelop-mentreviewprocess.Anationalstudyfoundthatevery$1spentonenergycodecompliancereturns$6inenergysavings.39 Throughout most of the United States, build-ingcodedevelopment,implementation,training,andenforcement have long been underfunded, with energy codes the most underfunded.40 In Bellevue, that is fortu-natelynotthecase.TheenergycodecontinuestoevolveanditisimportanttoensureCitystaffhaveahighleveloftraining.Bellevuealsoshouldcontinuetoadoptthemostprogressive energy code available. Going beyond energy code compliance involves providing technical assistance andadditionalresourcestoencouragegreenbuildinginBellevue.Buildingincentivescanalsobeusedtoencour-agegreenbuildingprojects,suchasprioritypermittingoradditionalheightallowances.

Reduce code barriers and streamline permitting processes for green building and renewable energy projects.

Creatingstandardsforgreenbuildingandrenewableenergyprojectsthatenablethemtobepermittedquickly and easily will lead to greater likelihood that project developers will implement these technologies. Time-intensivepermittingcostsdevelopersmoneyandcreates perceived and real barriers. Analysis of code barriersthatexistshouldbeundertaken,resultinginrecommendationsforbarrierremoval.Forexample,aspart of a grant from the Department of Energy and the State of Washington, the City of Bellevue has been part ofamulti-jurisdictionalteamtostreamlinepermittingprocessesforresidentialsolarPVsystem.Inaddition,BellevuewillleverageparticipationinMyBuildingPermit.com(MBP),amulti-agencysite,tostreamlineonlinepermittingprocessesandsharesuccesseswithMBPpartners and others throughout the region.

Move toward real-time energy and water consumption information for customers through electrical “smart- grid” technology and automated meter reads for water use. The term “smart-grid” encompasses demand manage-ment,instantaneousmeterinformation,load-shedding,peak-pricing, and self-healing networks. Though not directlyresponsibleforpowerdistributionorbillinginBellevue, the City can work with PSE to implement an adaptiveelectrical“smartgrid”becauseofitspotentialtoincreasereliability,efficiency,andawarenessofend-userconsumption.MorefrequentmeterreadingandbillingforwaterusewouldalsoenableBellevue’sUtilitiesDepartmentanditscustomerstolookatconsumptionprofiledataforeducation,awareness,andcomparisons,ordetectingcontinuousflowwhichmightindicatealeak.41 Currently, water meters are read only every other month,makingitdifficulttoidentifyandcorrectirregu-laritiesinconsumption.

6. 8.

7.

9.

MyBuildingPermit.com



Encourage municipal and private market participation in voluntary competitions to drive energy and water conservation.

Engaging the community in voluntary challenges while providingsupportandrecognitioncanbeasuccessfulstrategy for reaching shared environmental goals without promulgatingregulations.TheCityshouldexploreandleverageresourcesavailablethroughexistingprogramsthatleadtoconservationbyresidentsandbusinesses.Examples of this approach include the AIA 2030 Chal-

lenge, which sets aggressive targets for the architecture and building community—with the most important goal beingthatallnewbuildingsandmajorrenovationsarecarbon-neutral by 2030. Another example is the DOE Bet-ter Buildings Challenge: a challenge issued by President Obama to make commercial and industrial buildings 20 percentmoreenergy-efficientby2020andaccelerateprivatesectorinvestmentinenergyefficiency.42 Striving to meet these challenge targets—and encouraging the private sector to do the same—will help Bellevue reach itsGHGreductiontargets.

HELPING MAKE SOLAR MORE AFFORDABLE

In 2012, therewere an estimated, 23 resi-dential solar arrays inBellevue.WhenDonand Ruth Marsh installed solar panels on the roof of their Somerset home in 2010, they cut their annual electric bill by two-thirds. Despite that, Don says solar energy is “not exactly economical.”

According to the Department of Energy, non-hardware costs, also known as “soft”costs, associated with permitting and in-terconnectionmakeupasmuchas40per-centofthetotalinstalledcostofarooftopphotovoltaic solar power system. Bringing down this cost could help make solar more affordableandwidespread.

Bellevue is workingwith three other cities(Edmonds,Ellensburg,andSeattle),thestateDepartmentofCommerce,andlocalutilitiesto establish consistent standards and pro-cesses for all utility types and jurisdictionsand bring down the costs of installing solar.

KnownastheEvergreenStateSolarPartnership(ESSP),theteamwasoneof22nationwidetoreceiveagrantfortheDOE’sRooftopSolarChallenge.TheSolarChallengeispartofEnergy’sSunShotinitiative,intendedtomakeso-larenergycostcompetitivewithotherformsofenergybytheendofthedecadebyreducingthecostofinstallationby about 75 percent.

With theDOEgrant, theESSPaims to reduceadministrativebarriers to residentialandsmall commercial solarpanelinstallationsbystreamlining,standardizing,andautomatingadministrativeprocesses.

Inadditiontoshorteningpermittingprocessingturnaroundtimes,theESSPaimstoestablishonlinepermittingforsolarpanelinstallationthroughMyBuildingPermit.com.

10.

Who says the sun doesn’t shine in Bellevue? The solar array on Don and Ruth Marsh’s house cut their annual electricity bill by two-thirds.

Photo credit: A&R Solar



Conduct community awareness programs to encourage energy and water conservation practices and renewable energy purchases.

Bellevue partnered with PSE and six neighboring cit-ies to implement a successful Home Energy Reports (HER)program(seenextpage).TheCitywillconsidera second phase to that program which would lever-age and build upon this success. For example, the City can work with PSE to increase community awareness ofrenewableenergyopportunities.Althoughmostwaterconservationoutreachisnowperformedbythe Cascade Water Alliance, the region’s water sup-plier,Bellevuewillcontinuetoencouragewatercon-servationthroughoutthecommunitywithpolicies,rates,andimplementationofoutreachandeducationprograms when resources allow.

Implement renewable energy proj-ects and study the potential for district energy sub-areas in Bellevue.

Technologiessuchassolarphotovoltaic(PV)electric-ity, solar hot water, geothermal, and biomass can generate local, renewable energy. District energy involves the piping of steam, or hot or cold water, such that a single central boiler and/or chiller plant can take the place of lots of smaller ones at individual buildings.43 There are more than 3,000 district energy systems in North America, most in older downtown coresandonmedical,educational,ormilitarycam-puses. Oneparticularlyexcitingapplicationofthisisusing waste heat to heat hydronic pipe loops shared betweenmultiplebuildings.Districtenergyprojectswould require developing an understanding of the potential,codes,andstandards,aswellasdeveloping(orpartneringtodevelop)expertiseonthetopic.

EASTSIDE SUSTAINABLEBUSINESS ALLIANCE

The Eastside Sustainable Business Alliance is a fusion of Eastside businesses, small and large, with a vision ofachievingsustainableoperationsandpositivecom-munity impacts. Created by businesses for businesses, ESBAofferstheopportunitytoworktogethertoleadour region toward the complementary goals of emis-sion reductions, enhanced economy, and superiorstewardship.

In addition to providing a forum for education, net-working,andcreativebrainstorming,ESBAfacilitatesprograms to help businesses work together with the community toward a greener future. Programs such as the Eastside Green Business Challenge motivatebusinessestorealizethefinancialcaseforgoinggreenwhile stimulating investments in local resourcesandclean technology.

TheChallenge is a friendly competitionamong localorganizationsandsevenEastsidecitiesthathelpspar-ticipantsreducethenaturalresourcestheyconsumeand thereby lower costs, enhance their brand, and im-prove our environment. In 2012, the Challenge helped participatingbusinesses save roughly$2millionandover 10,000 metric tons of CO2 emissions from energy savings alone.

11.

12.


What does this add up to?

• 1,360carsofftheroadforayear• 801housesoffthegridforayear• Average$45savingsperhousehold

• AggregateCityROIof800%• Enough to feed 592 families of four for a year

EASTSIDE CITIES PARTNER TO DELIVER HOME ENERGY REPORTS - RESIDENTS SAVE $4.2 MILLION AND REDUCE GHG EMISSIONS

ResidentsofsevenEastsidecitieswhoreceivedbi-monthlyreportsoftheirhomeenergyusagereapedtotalfinancialsav-ingsofapproximately$4.2millionwiththeHomeEnergyReportsprogram.

The90,000participatinghouseholdsintheseven-cityprogramtogethersaved9.3GWhofelectricity,saved1.3milliontherms of natural gas, and prevented the emission of 15 million pounds of CO2. That is the equivalent of taking 1,360 cars offtheroadforayearorfeeding592familiesoffourforayear.Theprogramincludedcontrolgroupsinordertoensureprogramresultscouldbeattributedtothereports.

1kWh=1.1lbsCO21therm=11.7lbsCO2;1kWh=$0.09,1therm=$1.07;

Emissionsstatisticssource:EPAFoodcoststatisticssource:USDA

Extraordinary Environmental and Financial Impacts Felt at the Household Level

Theprogramaverted15.6millionlbsCO2andsavedresidents$4.2M.

Averted CO2 Emissions by City Program Impact - $ Savings per Household

$70

$60

$50

$40

$30

$20

$10

$0

Gas Savings

Electricity Savings

Belle

vue

Issa

quah

Kirk

land

Mer

cer

Isla

nd

Redm

ond

Rent

on

Sam

mam

ish

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

Belle

vue

Issa

quah

Kirk

land

Mer

cer

Isla

nd

Redm

ond

Rent

on

Sam

mam

ish

CO2

mill

ion

lbs


GHG EMISSIONSMATERIALS MANAGEMENT & WASTE


Increasedmaterialconsumptionhashistoricallybeenlinkedtorisingstandardsofliv-ing, and so too has increased waste. Since 1960, the amount of municipal solid waste generatedintheU.S.hasnearlytripled.Whilerecyclingandcompostinghaveincreaseddramaticallyoverthepastseveraldecades,nationally,almosttwo-thirdsofallmate-rialdiscardedstillgoestowasteinlandfillsorincinerators.44 Throwing away valuable materialtranslatesintoprofoundeconomicwaste:Americansthrowaway$11billioninpackaging materials45and$165billioninfoodwaste46 each year.

The environmental impacts of materials extend far beyond thelandfillorincinerator.Fromrawmaterialsacquisitionto manufacturing, transport, use, and disposal, prod-ucts have environmental consequences throughout theirentiremateriallifecycle.TheU.S.EPAreportsthat 42 percent of all U.S. GHG emissions can be attributedtotheprovisionofgoodsandfood.47 Manufacturing and agriculture can require enormous amounts of energy and water, and the majority of industrial processes use chemi-cals that can pollute air, water, and soil. Recent studies have indicated that children and adults living in the U.S. have widespread exposure and bioaccumulationofmanychemicalscommonlyfound in consumer products.48

Improving the sustainability of materials management requires both reducing waste through recycling, com-posting,andwasteprevention,andreducingthelifecycleimpacts of materials through manufacturing design and consump-tionchoices.

Goal: Inspire systemic change that will reduce negative impacts to land, air, water, materials, and energy resources from existing consumption and waste practices.

“Solid wastes” are the discard-ed leftovers of our advanced consumer society. This grow-ing mountain of garbage and trash represents not only an attitude of indiffer-ence toward valuable natural resources, but also a serious economic and public health problem.”

-Jimmy Carter

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Tons(M

illions)

Lbs/

Pers

on/W

eek

U.S. MSW Generation Rate 1960-2010

TotalMSW(milliontons)

PerCapitaGeneration(lbs/person/week)

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010Source: US EPA


MANAGING MATERIALS INSTEAD OF WASTEEffortstoreversewastegenerationtrendsandtolowerthelifecycleimpactsofmaterialsthroughpolicies and programs are underway at the federal, state, county, and local levels. Washington State’s Beyond Waste Plan aims to eliminate wastes and toxics whenever possible and to use the remaining wastes as resources by 2030. However, a proviso passed by the legislature in 2011 severely reduced fundingforstateandlocalgovernmentstoworkontheBeyondWastePlanandwasteprevention.Thesebugetcutsthreatentoreversepositivegainsinthefollowingareasfromrecentyears:

Groundbreaking producer responsibility laws for electronics and mercury-containing fluorescentlampshavebecomelawinWashingtonandrequireproductmanufacturers tofinanceandimplementenvironmentallysoundsystemstocollectandmanage their products at the end-of-life. Other countries around the world have robust and comprehensive systems to take back a whole array of products and packaging, while Washington only has a few such programs.

ManymunicipalitiesinKingCountynowofferfoodscrapscollectionandcomposting aspartoforganicscollectionservice.Still,organicmaterialsequalabout55percent ofallmaterialsdisposedinlandfillthatmanageourstate’swaste.49 Organics and food wastedepositedinlandfillscausemethanegeneration,apotentgreenhousegas, whilecompostingdoesnot.50

WashingtonStatehasestablishedstatutestosubstantiallyincreasethepurchase of recycled-content products by all state and local government agencies in order to develop the market for recycled-content products. Many local and state agencies have formal environmentally preferable purchasing policies that include recycled contentandadditionalconsiderationssuchastoxicsandgreenhousegases.State andlocalgovernmentsinWashingtonspend$4billionannuallyonproducts,a purchasingpowerthatcouldeffectivelybeleveragedtocreateabetter,healthier environment.51

Extended Producer Responsibility

Food Scraps Collection

Environmentally Preferable Purchasing

$


HOW IS BELLEVUE DOING?The following data show Bellevue’s progress toward the goals of reducing waste and improving materials management. Tons of Solid Waste Generated, Recycled, and Composted (%) — Community

Bellevue,alongwithothercommunitiesinKingCounty,hasbeenaleaderinrecyclingandwastereductionfordecades.Bellevue’sresidentialrecyclingandcompostingrateis67.7percent,amongthehighestinthestate.52 TheamountofwastegeneratedperhouseholdinBellevuehasdeclinedsignificantlyfromapeakof73.9poundsper week in 2007. Bellevue residents now dispose of less waste than the state average, but disposal levels are stillhigherthansomeotherpartsofKingCounty.53

RecyclingratesforbusinessesandmultifamilybuildingsinBellevuearemuchlowerthantheresidentialrate,atacombined rate of 24.4 percent of all waste.

Thegoodnewsisthattotalsolidwastecontinuestodecline.However,theeconomicrecessionof2008islikelythebiggestdriveroftherecentdeclineinwastegeneration.Thetrueindicatoroflong-termsuccesswillbewhetherwastegenerationratescontinuetodeclineastheeconomyrecovers.

Poun

ds

8070605040302010

0

Residential Waste Generated Per Household Per Week (includes garbage, recycling, and yard waste)

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

160,000

140,000

120,000

100,000

80,000

60,000

40,000

20,000

0

Tons

2001 2006 2011

Commercial Garbage

MultifamilyGarbage

ResidentialGarbage

Recycling(allsectors)

Composting(allsectors)

RecyclingandCompostingRate

(residentialonly)

Tonspercapita(residentialonly)

Community Solid Waste Generation and Diversion, 2001-2011

56% 66% 68%

Source:BellevueUtilities"CityofBellevueSolidWasteCollectionReport2011",providedbyRepublicServices.

Source:BellevueUtilities"CityofBellevueSolidWasteCollectionReport2011"providedbyRepublicServices.Doesnotincludeall commercial waste recycled or composted through private haulers or self haul.

Tons

per

cap

ita

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0


Tons of Solid Waste Generated, Recycled, and Composted Rate (%) – Municipal

City of Bellevue has been a named a “Best Workplace for Recycling” in King County since 2007. It maintains arobustrecyclingprogram,includingcollectionforfoodwaste;Styrofoam;batteries;techno-trash;andcommingledbottles,cans,paper,andplastic.In2011,themunicipaldiversionratewas37percent,notincludingthesespecially-collecteditems.Solidwasteperemployeehasdecreasedsignificantlysince2001from0.946tonsperemployeeperyearto0.616tonsperemployeeperyear(includesrecyclables,foodwaste,andgarbage).Materialsdivertedin2011included216tonsofrecyclingand230tonsoforganics.

Municipal Purchasing

Atthetimeofpublication,Bellevuedoesnothavecomprehensivedataonthepurchaseandenvironmentalsavingsrelatedtothepurchaseofgreenproducts.However,throughbettermaterialsmanagementactions,papercostsfortheCityhavedeclinedby$108,000since2009,duetoadecreaseinprintingofmorethan2.2 million sides of paper.

1,200

1,000

800

600

400

200

0

Tons

2001 2006 2011

Tons Disposed - Municipal (excludes recycling and composting)

$1,000,000

$800,000

$600,000

$400,000

$200,000

$0

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

Sing

le-s

ided

8.5

” x

11”

copi

es p

er y

ear

(millions)

Ann

ualPrinti

ngCost

2009 2010 2011

City of Bellevue Annual Printing and Printing Costs (excludes offsite jobs)

Tons per employee

1.2

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0

Tons

per

em

ploy

eeSource:CityofBellevuevolumeestimatesprovidedbyAlliedWaste.

Source: Copiers NW and Bellevue Finance Reports from Liz Rector.

AnnualPrintingCost


STRATEGIES & ACTIONSTheCityhasidentified11actionsforadvancingitsobjectivesandmakingprogresstowarditskeyperformanceindicatorsinthiscategoryoverthenextfiveyears.Manyoftheseeffortsareunderwayandshouldcontinueorbeexpanded.

INCREASE COMMUNITY RECYCLING, COMPOSTING, AND WASTE REDUCTION OPPORTUNITIES

INCREASE MUNICIPAL RECYCLING, COMPOSTING, AND WASTE REDUCTION

IMPROVE GREEN PURCHASING PRACTICES AND REDUCE MATERIAL CONSUMPTION IN MUNICIPAL OPERATIONS

Tons of solid waste generated

Recyclingandcompostingrate(%)

Tons of solid waste generated

Recyclingandcompostingrate(%)

Municipal purchasing

M

M

C

C

M


1. Provideadditionalreuse,recycling,andrepairoppor-tunitiesforBellevueresidentsandbusinesses.

2. Integrate “toward zero waste” principles in outreach andeducationmaterials;promotethereductionofplasticpackagingwaste.

3. Provide City policy support for product stewardship programsasanalternativetoratepayer-fundedrecycling programs.

4. Worktoreduce,reuse,andrecycleconstructionwaste from building projects throughout Bellevue.

5. Improvebuildingcodestorequiremultifamilyandcommercialbuildingstoprovidesufficientspaceforrecyclingandfoodwastecollection,along with garbage.

6. CompostallorganicsgeneratedbyCityoperations.

7. ReducewastegoingtolandfillgeneratedbyCityfacilitiesandevents.

8. Continueprogramstoeducateemployeesandtheorganizationaboutourwastegeneration,recycling,andcompostingrate.

9. Evaluate and develop green purchasing procedures

10. Developastrategytoreduceconsumptionofpaperproductsbyshiftingtoelectronicdocumentsandfile-sharing.

11. OperatefacilitiestoLEED-certifiedO&Mstandardsfor Materials and Resources and Indoor Environ-mental Quality criteria.


Provide additional reuse, recycling, and repair opportunities for Bellevue residents and businesses.

Innovativerecyclingandcompostingprogramssuchas“Repair Cafes” or tool lending libraries deliver the simul-taneousbenefitsofreducingwaste,buildingsocialnet-works, strengthening community resilience, and helping people develop new skills. Such programs may be sup-ported through the City’s Neighborhood Outreach grants. TheCity’snewsolidwastecontract(tostartin2014)mayalso include a new “Neighborhood Recycling Center” for drop-offofunusualandbulkyrecyclingitemssetupbythecontracted hauler.

Integrate “toward zero waste” principles in outreach and education materials; promote the reduction of plastic packaging waste.

King County adopted a policy to work toward Zero Waste of Resources by 2030, meaning that materials of value, whether for reuse, resale, or recycling, won’t be put in the garbageandendupinthelandfill.InordertoalignBel-levuewiththisgoal,theUtilitiesDepartmentwillpromote“towardzerowaste”themesineducationalmaterialsaboutgarbage,foodwaste,andrecycling.TheCitycontin-ues to seek and favor voluntary approaches over regula-toryonestoreachitsobjectives.

Provide City policy support for product stewardship programs as an alternative to ratepayer-funded recycling programs.

Product stewardship is “an environmental management strategy that means whoever designs, produces, sells, or uses a product takes responsibility for minimizing the product’s environmental impact throughout all stages of the product’s life cycle.”54 Ratepayers have been histori-cally burdened with the costs of manufacturers’ failures to design for end-of-life by having to throw away their products as garbage.55 This strategy aligns with regional initiatives,includinglegislation,andrecommendsthattheCity become a member of the Northwest Product Stew-ardship Council. City policy support could greatly expand thestatewideandlocalrecyclingopportunitiesfornumer-ousmaterials,includingcarpet,paint,pharmaceuticals,56 mercury-containing lamps, and computer peripherals.

Work to reduce, reuse, and recycle construction waste from building projects throughout Bellevue.

Recyclingofconstructionwasteischeaperthansolidwastedisposal.Itwillimprovebuilders’bottomlineiftheycanefficientlysortandcollectrecyclables.57 How-ever,manybuildersstilldisposeofconstructionwasteinthelandfill.Constructionwasteis17.6percentofthestate’s commercial waste stream and 12.8 percent of the state’sresidentialwastestream.58 This strategy ensures thatbuilderstakeadvantageofrate-basedincentivesinordertoincreaseconstructionanddemolition(C&D)diversion.Oneoptionistoproviderecyclingcheckliststobuildersduringthepermittingprocess.Inaddition,theCity will lead by example and recycle C&D waste at all City constructionordemolitionprojects.Inaddition,promot-ingwastepreventionpractices,deconstructioninsteadofdemolition,andsalvagecangreatlyreducetheamountofwastetobemanaged,recycled,andlandfilled.

Improve building codes to require multifamily and commercial buildings to provide sufficient space for recycling and food waste collection, along with garbage.

Withoutsufficientspaceforrecyclingandfoodwastecol-lection,tenantscannoteasilydivertmaterialsfromthewastestream.Inaddition,sufficientspaceallowsforsafe,efficient,andaestheticallytolerablecollectionofwastematerials, which is especially important in the downtown business district. Compost all organics generated by City operations.

Divertingorganicsfromthelandfillwillreducemethanegenerationinregionallandfills(methaneis21timesaspotentascarbondioxideforitsglobalwarmingpotential)andturn“waste”materialintoabeneficialsoilamend-ment. Organics recycling has been an excellent success story locally—coupling jobs and industry with impressive environmental results—but the City can go further in its ownoperations.Majoropportunitiesincludecompostingall paper towels at City Hall, including hand towels in the restrooms,andexpandingfoodwastecompostingtoallCityfacilitiesandevents.

1.

2.

4.

5.

3.

6.


Reduce waste going to landfill generated by City facilities and events.

TheCitywillcontinuetostrivetoprovide100percentrecyclable, compostable, or durable service-ware and packaging at all City events in order to reduce non-recyclablewastegoingtolandfill.Acreativeandpoten-tiallycost-savingprogramistophase-outcustodialtrashpick-up at individual cubicles in the custodial contract in 2014, wherein employees voluntarily service their own garbage generated in their cubicles. This would cut down on the use and disposal of liners and underscore that throughrobustrecyclingandcompostingservice,trashservicecanbesignificantlyreduced.

Continue programs to educate employees and the organization about waste generation, recycling, and composting rate.

Recyclingeducationneedstoberegularlydeployedasnewmaterialsandprocedureschangeovertimeandasnewemployeesjointheorganization.Feedbackaboutprogressisaprovenmotivatortokeepuptheorganiza-tion’sgoodworkand/ortochangebehaviorandcourse.Periodic waste audits can help understand what is being thrownawayandensurecorrectiveactionovertime.

PAVING THE WAY TO ZERO WASTE WITH RECYCLED ASPHALT SHINGLES

TheasphaltindustryhasbeenusingRecycledAsphaltPavement(RAP)inthe manufacture of new pavement for 30 years. In the 2012 Overlay Pro-gram, the City used 20 percent recycled asphalt pavement in the asphalt mix design for the new surface. RAP made up 20 percent of the average asphalt mix by volume, with the remainder comprised of virgin aggregate and asphalt cement binder. As a result the 2012 Overlay program reused approximately 6,000 tons of recycled asphalt in the new roadway surface.

AnewingredientbeingutilizedforpavementisRecycledAsphaltShin-gles(RAS).Asphaltroofingshinglesaretypicallythoughtofasaprob-lematicwaste.Morethan40,000tonsoftheseshinglesaregeneratedannually in King County, which make up 10-12 percent of the construc-tionanddemolition(C&D)waste.However,theasphaltcontentandthefibersintheshinglesmakethemapromisingrecycledelementthatcanbe used in new pavement.

The 2012 Overlay Program resurfaced 164th Avenue between SE 14th and NE8th,LakesideIndustriesused3percentRecycledAsphaltShingles(RAS)and15percentRecycledAsphaltPavement(RAP).AlthoughthisisthefirsttimethismixdesignhasbeenutilizedinBellevue,a2009KingCountyoverlay pilot project that used recycled asphalt shingles is performing well.

The bid price for the asphalt containing the shingles is the same price astheotherasphaltusedontheproject;savingsmayberealizedonfuture projects. Missouri found that the use of recycled shingles saves $3-5pertonoffinishedasphaltmix.AtypicalresurfacingprojectinMissouriusesabout30,000tonsofasphalt,forasavingsof$90,000to$150,000perproject.

In Bellevue, this one resurfacing project will keep nearly 100 tons of recycledasphaltroofingoutofthelandfill.AccordingtotheEPA,recy-clingonetonofshinglesreducesgreenhousegas(GHG)emissionsby287lbsofcarbondioxideequivalents(CO2e).Thatmeansasavingsof13 MTCO2e, or the equivalent of removing 2.5 cars from the road, for a single paving project.

7.

Workers place recycled asphalt shingles on 164th Ave from NE 8th to SE 14th in early October. The contractor placed 2,898 tons of asphalt. 3% of the aggregate weight of the asphalt mix was comprised of recycled asphalt shingles.

8.


Evaluate and develop green purchasing procedures.

Green purchasing procedures, coupled with an educa-tionalandoutreacheffort,willhelpCitydepartmentsconsiderenvironmentalfactorswhenbuyingcommoditiessuch as paper, paint, chemicals, computers, appliances, fuel,energy,furniture,compostamendments,andofficesupplies. Green procurement doesn’t necessarily require extra cost or in some cases can be less expensive than traditionalproducts.59 Green procurement also strives to reduce the amount of material purchased through reuse, salvage, maintenance, repair, new technologies, and smarterprocesses.Manyjurisdictionsnationwidehaveimplemented green procurement policies and programs and the City can either replicate this criteria and/or pig-gyback on available contracts executed by the City of Seattle,KingCounty,ortheStateofWashington.

Develop a strategy to reduce consumption of paper products by shifting to electronic documents and file-sharing.

ThisactionincludesidentifyingmajorareasofpaperconsumptionattheCityandsavingsopportunitiessuchasfieldinspections,SecurePrint,Councilpackets,BudgetOne,andcontractrouting.Aninterdepartmentalteamwillworktoidentifyandremovebarrierstopaperre-duction.Inaddition,staffwillcontinuetoworkwiththecopier service provider to collect data and report to the organizationonmonthlyandannualpaper-useimpacts.

9.

ENVIRONMENTALLY PREFERABLE PURCHASING SAVED KING COUNTY $1.54 MILLION IN 2011

Environmentally preferable purchasing (EPP) is de-finedby theUSEPAaspurchasingofproductsandservices“havingalesserorreducedeffectonhumanhealth and the environment when compared with competing products that serve the same purpose.This comparison may consider raw materials acquisi-tion,production,manufacturing,packaging,distribu-tion, reuse, operation,maintenance, or disposal ofthe product.”

King County’s Environmentally Preferable Products PurchasingPolicy(KCC18.20),originallyestablishedin 1989, was updated in 2011 to include revisions forpaperreductionandthepurchaseof100percentrecycled paper, as well as electronics recycling and reportingrequirements.TheamendedpolicydirectsCounty agencies to buy environmentally preferable products“wheneverpracticable.”

In2011,KingCountyagenciespurchased$60millionworth of environmentally preferable products, saving $1.54millioncomparedtothecostofconventionalproducts. The savings are both the result of reduced initial purchase cost and avoided replacement costduetodurability.Often,thereareadditionalsavingsachieved through less maintenance or reduced energyandwateruseovertime.

10.


Operate facilities to LEED-certified O&M standards for Materials and Resources and Indoor Environmental Quality criteria.

LEED is an industry benchmark for green buildings and operations.PrerequisitesforLEEDO&MwithinMateri-als and Resources and Indoor Environmental Quality are adoptionofaSustainablePurchasingPolicy,SolidWasteManagementPolicy,andGreenCleaningPolicy(policieswhich align well with other ESI strategies recommended inthiscategory).FollowingtheO&MLEEDchecklistwillhelpCityfacilitiesalongthepathtoachievingaLEEDrating(whenandiftheCityseekstocertifyitsfacilities).Additionally,documentingtheCity’sexistinghazardouschemicalpracticesandproceduresingreaterdetailwillidentifyopportunitiesforimprovement.Withinthisac-tion,theCitywillalsoconsiderthird-partycertificationsuch as EnviroStars for hazardous and solid waste pre-ventionandmanagement.

11.

ON THE PATH TO PAPERLESS

In October 2011, Bellevue implemented Phase 1 of a digital permit application system for submissionof the electrical, mechanical, and plumbing permits that require plan review called “Paperless Permit-ting.” Applicants can submit their forms online 24hoursadayandhavetheprocessingstaffreviewtheapplicationmaterialsandsendrevisionrequestsallonline. 35 percent of all permits now occur online. AfterthePhase2implementationoftheremainingpermittypesinJuly2013,theCityanticipatesthatatleast50percentofallapplicationswilloccuronlinewithin one year.

ThePhase1implementationhasimprovedthecus-tomer experience by reducing the reviewing process forsomeapplications.Inaddition,applicantsarere-alizingareductionoftheirexpensesandresourcesby not having to submit multiple paper copies oftheplansetsandotherrelateddocuments.Anesti-mated 322,000 24”x36” sheets and 76,500 8.5”x11” sheets will be saved annually once the 50 percent electronicsubmissionlevelisachieved.Collectively,97,500 miles previously required for permits will not be driven. Bellevue’s Paperless Permitting reducescommunity emissions by 46 MTCO2 annually and savesapplicantsover$600,000 inprintingandfuelcosts,*notincludingthecostsoftraveltimeorcostsavingsfromimprovedprocessingtimes.

*Assumes$0.30persquarefootofprintingand$0.10per 8.5”x11”sheet;plus$3.50infuelcosts


ECOSYSTEMS & OPEN SPACES ECOSYSTEMS & OPEN SPACES


Healthyfunctioningecosystemsprovidecleanair,drinkablewater,food,recreation,stormwatermanagement,inspiration,andqualityoflife,aswellashabitatforotherspecies.Richnaturalresourcesandlandscapeshaveenticedmanyresidentsandbusi-nesses to call Bellevue home.

Urbantreecanopiesactasanaturalspongeandfilterfordrenchingrainsandrun-off,providing millions of dollars worth of stormwater management services. They provide oxygenfortheplanet,aplaygroundforadventuroushikers,andabufferforurbannoiseandvisualpollution.Developmentprojectsthatresultintreelossrobthecommunityofallofthesecriticalassets,particularlywhenthereisnoreplacementplan. Beyondthetreesthemselves,vegetationandsoilsin natural areas reduce the velocity, tempera-ture,andamountofwaterflowduringstorms.Hard surfaces such as asphalt and pavement increasestreamscouring,pollution,andtemperature loads. Water temperature is the number one impairment for waterways in Washington State, with pathogens being second. Impervious surface area in Bellevue is 46 percent60 of total land area – a value that exceeds the accepted threshold for stream channel stability.61

Salmonstillmigratefromfreshwatertosaltwater in the Northwest, and play a vital role in a long and fragile food web. Yet some species are in serious decline. Throughout Puget Sound, only 22 ofatleast37historicChinookpopulationsremain.Theremaining Chinook salmon are at only 10 percent of their historic numbers, with some down lower than 1 percent.62

Since1967theaveragepopulationof20NorthAmericancommonbirdssurveyedintheU.S.hasfallenby68percent,from17.6millionto5.35million;someindividualspecies dived as much as 80 percent.63 A variety of factors–including reduced habitat, agricultural development, house cats, and glass skyscrapers–have contributed to the dramaticdeclineofcommonbirdsinNorthAmerica.Warmingglobaltemperaturesthreaten to push avian species out of their normal territories, causing further stress in the future.

Goal: Repair the integrity of natural systems in and around Bel-levue to the highest of standards, which will allow residents, fish, and wildlife to thrive.

For a planting cost of $250 - $600, a single street tree provides over $90,000 of direct benefits (not including aesthetic, social and natural) in the lifetime of the tree. -Dan Burden, Co-Founder Walkable Communities, November, 2008


PROTECTING PRECIOUS ASSETS & RESOURCESBellevue residents highly value living in a “City in a Park.” The 320-acre Mercer Slough Nature Park, LakeWashington’slargestremainingwetland,providesanoasisofoutdoorrecreationandeducationalenrichment to urban dwellers.66Bellevuehasanimpressive82milesofstreams,whichfosterfishandwild-lifepopulationsthatanentireregiondependson.Whenaskedina2009survey,97percentofresidentsbelievedthattheparksandrecreationalopportunitiesinBellevueenhanceBellevue’soverallqualityoflife. However,sustainingtheenvironmentalassetsthatourresidentsandbusinessesvaluedependsonactionsin and beyond Bellevue’s borders. For instance, salmon returning to Bellevue must travel through Lake Union and Lake Washington. Of Bellevue’s 26 basins, 17 drain eventually to Lake Washington, and the other 9toLakeSammamish.Localchoiceshavebroaderimplicationsforregionalqualityoflife,andviceversa. Thecitizens,businesses,andgovernmentsofthePugetSoundhaveenactedpoliciesdedicatedtopreserv-ingcriticalecosystemsandopenspace.Bellevuewasoneofthefirstcitiesinthecountrytoadoptanopenstreampolicyandcriticalareasordinanceinthe1980s.Thestate’s1990GrowthManagementActrequiresallcitiesandcountiesinthestatetodesignateandprotectwetlands,frequentlyfloodedareas,farmlands,forestlands, and other natural resource areas. Once adopted, the 2012 Stormwater Management Manual for West-ern Washington will provide the most detailed and stringent guidelines to date for managing regional water flowsduringstormevents.Themanualincludesrequirementsforthemostpopulatedareastouselowimpactdevelopment(LID)fornewandredevelopmentandtobeginmonitoringimprovementstowaterquality.67 TheBellevuecommunityisworkingtogethertoenhanceandsustainnaturalresourcefunctionsthroughlowimpactdevelopment(LID),restoration,education,andstewardship.68 In 2012, over 1,500 community volunteers planted more than 1,000 trees and shrubs and renovated over 7,000 feet of trails throughout Bellevue. Diverse programming such as the Stream Team and Master Naturalist program ensures residents have the opportunity to fully engage with their natural surroundings.

THE HEALTH BENEFITS OF PARKS AND TREES

Several studies have documented the economic burden of physicalinactivityandobesity.Recentresearchsuggeststhataccess to parks can help people increase their level of physi-calactivity.Moreactivepeoplesaveabout$250peryearontheirmedicalbillscomparedtoinactivepeople,andactiveseniorssaveabout$500.TheTrustforPublicLandfoundthatinSacramento,77,617residentssaved$19.8millionin2007because of park exercise.64

In a variety of human clinical trials, exposure to nature and greeneryhasbeenshowntosignificantlyreducepeople’sstresslevelsandhelpedthembetterwithstandhigh-stresssitu-ations,includingpregnancy.Lowermaternalstresshasaposi-tiveeffectonhealthierbabies.ResearchersinPortlandusedsatellite images to compare tree cover around the houses of 5,696 women who gave birth in Portland in 2006 and 2007 and found pregnant women living in houses with more trees were significantlylesslikelytodeliverundersizedbabies.65


HOW IS BELLEVUE DOING?Many programs and policies site goals for maintaining Bellevue’s natural systems, including the City’s Compre-hensive Plan.69 Several key trends tell the story of how Bellevue is doing to restore, protect, and enhance these ecosystems in and around the City.

Tree Canopy Citywide (%) TreecanopyinBellevuehasdecreased20percentsince1986,alossequivalentto$15millioninloststormwaterservicesand$68,000peryearinlostairqualityremovalservices.70Continuingonthistrendwill quickly jeopardize Bellevue’s cost of living, quality of life, and image as a City in a Park. Bellevue’s exist-ingtreecanopyisalsoacriticalpartoftheequationforgreenhousegasreductions,storing332,000tonsofcarbon in wood.71

Trees on Public Lands Bellevue Parks Natural Resource Division manages approximately 961 acres of deciduous forests. In 2011, ParkscompletedtheU.S.ForestServicei-Tree/UFORE(UrbanForestEffectModel)EcosystemAnalysisofPark& Open Space natural areas. The report found that Parks’ forested areas have 257,000 trees and an overall canopycoverof74.3%.ThisnaturalsystemworkshardfortheCityandisanextremelyvaluableasset–pol-lutionremovalfromthesetreesis136tons/peryear,valuedat$961,000/peryear.Theystore72,900tonsofcarbonatavalueof$1.34million.Theysequesteranadditional2,400tonsofcarbonperyearatavalueof$44.1thousandperyear.Theirstructuralvalueis$438million(valuebasedonthephysicalresourceitself,e.g.,thecostofhavingtoreplaceatreewithasimilartree).72

1986 1996 2006

4,500

4,000

3,500

3,000

2,500

2,000

1,500

1,000

500

0

GOAL:40%

Bellevue Tree Canopy

Acr

es

Source:AmericanForests.(2008).UrbanEcosystemAnalysis,CityofBellevue,Washington.


Thehealthoftheseforestsisofsimiliarimportancetothesize.TheUFOREmethodologyclassifiesforestsintohealthconditionsrangingfrom1(highest)to4(lowest).ForestConditionmonitoringindicatesthat72%ofBel-levueParkSystem’sforestednaturalareasareinClass1orClass2healthcategories(approximately1,132acres).From 2009 to 2012 Bellevue’s Forest Management Program has restored and enhanced over 50 acres of degraded Class3andClass4sitesandplantedover10,000treesand100,000nativeshrubsandgroundcoverplantings.73

Stream Habitat

While there are no urban standards or requirements for monitoring stream habitat, there are three evalua-tioncriteriathatcanbeusedtoassesstheconditionofastream:1)theBenthicIndexofBioticIntegrity(B-IBI);2)theamountoflargewoodydebrisinthestreamchannel;and3)thequalityandquantityofpools.ThegoalofBellevue’sUtilityDepartmentistocontinuetomaintainandimprovestreamhabitatconditionsandB-IBIscores.TrendanalysisofwoodydebrisandpoolshasbeenrecommendedinthedraftStormandSurface Water System Plan and will be developed in the future.

B-IBIisaquantitativemethodfordeterminingandcomparingthetypes,numbers,andsensitivityofaquaticorganisms and an indirect measure of the quality of stream habitat. It provides a single, integrated score thatrangesfromverypoor(10)toexcellent(50).Scoresbelow36arecurrentlyconsideredbiologicallyim-paired.74 Bellevue B-IBI scores rank in the impaired category, similar to all urban streams in the Puget Sound lowland.75

Public Urban Forest in Class 1 and 2 Condition, 2011

Perc

enta

ge

Class 1 (healthy)

Class 2 Class 3 Class 4(poorhealth)

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

Source:EarthCorps:ForestConditionAssessmentModelAnalysis.(2012).


Salmon Population Bellevue’sUtilitiesDepartmentconductsfishmonitoringinitsstreamsunderitssummerjuvenilefishmonitoring program and its salmon spawner survey program as allowed.

Thesummerfishmonitoringprovideindicationsoflocalhabitatconditions,asthepresenceofthefisharenotaffectedbyharvestoroceanconditions.Resultsshowthatnativefishdiversityandabundancehavebeenmaintainedinmostsurveyedstreams,withtheexceptionofjuvenilecoho,whichhavebeendecreas-ingovertime.

Countingspawningsalmon(theproportionofmarkedhatcheryfishtounmarkednativespawningfish)andredds(eggnests)providesanindicationofthesuccessofsalmon,butcanbeconfoundedbychangesinharvestandoceanconditions.TheresultsofspawningsalmoninBellevuefluctuatedgreatlybetweenyears.Thesefluctuatingreturnnumbersindicatethatthepopulationsmaynotbeabletosustainspawningin the streams.

Fromamoreregionalperspective,salmonfishcountsattheChittendonLocks,throughwhichallfishmusttravelintheirtransitionfromoceantolakesandstreams,showsignificantdecline,particularlyofthesockeyespecies.77

Source:CityofBellevueUtilitiesDepartment.Note:IntrendanalysisofscoresfromtheCityofBellevuebetween1998and2007,therewasnostatisticallysignificanttrendin the samples.76VariationinB-IBIscoresmaybeduetohumaninfluencesaswellasnaturaldifferencesinthewatersheds.ThenextB-IBIstatisticaltrendanalysisisproposedtooccurwiththenextBasinFactSheetsupdate.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

B-‐IBI Score

B-‐IBI Scores for Three Major Bellevue Creeks

Lewis Creek Coal Creek Kelsey Creek

*Solid data points indicate scores from City of Bellevue reference sites; unfilled data points denote scores from nearby King County and WRIA-‐8 sampling sites

Very Po

or

Poor

Fair


Acres of Wetlands

Wetlands are integral features of Bellevue’s urban landscape and the local hydrologic cycle. Wetlands reduce floods,contributetostreamflows,andimprovewaterquality.Wetlandsalsoprovidehabitatforbirds,am-phibiansandotherwildlife.Eachwetlandprovidesvariousbeneficialfunctions,butnotallwetlandsperformallfunctions,nordotheyperformallfunctionsequallywell.Urbanizationinthewatersheddiminishesthefunctionofindividualwetlandsbyincreasingstormwatervolume,reducingrunoffquality,isolatingwetlandsfromotherhabitats,anddecreasingvegetation.Anaccurate,currentaccountofthenumberofacresinwet-landsisverydifficulttoachieveduetofluctuatingconditionsofwetlandsyeartoyearandmappingchalleng-es.Inaddition,baselinedatasetsaredifficulttoassemble.However,itisestimatedthatasof2012,Bellevuehad approximately 600 acres of wetlands. In 2001, King County had 34,000 acres of wetlands, which was a small increase from 1992.78 Wetlands are also rated per their ecological health and level of disturbance on a scalefrom1(best)to4.Therearefewclass1wetlandsinBellevue.

Number of Reduced Pesticide and Pesticide Free Places

Bydefinition,pesticidesharmlivingorganismsandtheenvironmentifreleased.Thebenefitsofpesticidescanoutweigh risks in some cases, such as controlling noxious, disease-carrying, or invasive species. Depending on the pesticide,amount,andtimingofexposure,pesticidescanaffectthestructureandfunctioningofthehumanbrainandnervoussystem;orcontributetocancer,birthdefectsandhormonalandendocrineabnormalities.Scientificstudiesarestartingtolinkevenlowlevelsofpesticideexposuretodisease,especiallyduringchildhooddevelop-ment,andusingpesticideswithprecautionandprudenceisincreasinglywarranted.79

TheCityofBellevueanditscontractorsarerequiredtousepesticidesinaccordancewiththeCity’sInte-gratedPestManagement(IPM)programstandards,adoptedin1997.TheIPMprogramprovidespolicylevelguidelinesthatencouragereductionofpesticideusetothelowestpossibleamounts.Asanexample,since2007,only4applicationsofspottreatmentsusingbroadleafherbicideoccurredinDowntownPark.Inaddi-tion,useofpesticideswithin50feetoflakes,streams,andwetlandshasbeeneliminatedandthemajorityof City owned agriculture land is managed organically. The local Hazardous Waste Management Program in KingCounty(LHWMP)publicizesparksas“Pesticide-FreeorPesticide-Reduced”atwww.lhwmp.org/home/PFParks/index.aspx. In2013,23BellevueParkswillbelistedonKingCounty’smapaspesticide-reducedplaces.

450,000

400,000

350,000

300,000

250,000

200,000

150,000

100,000

50,000

0

Chinook, Coho, and Sockeye Salmon Counts in Chittenden Locks from 2000 through 2011

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

Chinook

Coho

Sockeye

Source:AnchorQEA,LLCpreparedforBellevueUtilitiesStaff(April2012)"2011SalmonSpawnerSurveysKelseyCreek,WestTributary,RichardsCreek,andCoalCreekBellevueSalmonSpawnerSurveys"pg28

www.lhwmp.org/home/PFParks/index.aspx

www.lhwmp.org/home/PFParks/index.aspx


Acres of Parks and Open Spaces

As of 2010, Bellevue’s parks system included 74 developed park sites covering 562 acres, and the City’s open space system included 1,800 acres of forests and natural areas and 60 acres of privately owned but publicallymanagedandaccessibleNativeGrowthProtectionAreas.80 Although many of these parks are notecologicallydiverse,thehealthandeconomicbenefitsofparkstothecommunityaresignificant(seetextboxonpage60).

As of September 2012, there were 2,550 acres of Bellevue parks property.

Air Quality Fineparticulatematterlessthan2.5micrometersindiameter(PM2.5)contributestoincreasedrespira-torydisease,decreasedlungfunction,heartproblems,andprematuredeath.Thegreatestcontributingsource to PM2.5 in the Puget Sound area is wood smoke. While wood smoke contributes the greatest massofPM2.5,particulatematterfromdieselenginesisthemosthighlytoxic.Bellevue’sairqualitydowntown has slowly improved with regard to PM2.5 since 2003. Overall, the number of unhealthy days and moderate days has declined in King County.81

1953 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2012

3,000

2,500

2,000

1,500

1,000

500

0

Acres of Parks Property

Acr

es

Source: City of Bellevue Parks Department



INCREASE TREE CANOPY CITYWIDE

IMPROVE ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS FOR FORESTS, STREAMS, WETLANDS, AND WILDLIFE

IMPROVE NATURAL STORMWATER RETENTION SYSTEMS AND REDUCE CHEMICAL USE

SUPPORT PRESERVATION OF OPEN SPACE AND AGRICULTURE

IMPROVE AIR QUALITY

Treecanopycitywide%

Trees on public lands

Stream habitat

Salmonpopulation

Fish barriers removed

Acres of wetlands

#ofreducedpesticideandpesticidefreeplaces

Acres of parks and open space

Air quality

1. Research, develop, and implement policies to reverse tree canopylosstrendsandrestoreandmaintainthefunctionofexistingwetlands.

2. Conductgapanalysisanddevelopspecificstrategiesforfor-est canopy sub-areas and zones within Bellevue.

3. Address the loss of tree canopy on private land in Bellevue.

4. Developaspecificright-of-way(ROW)strategytoretainandincrease tree canopy.

5. Improvethehealthofexistingforestsandwetlandsbyremov-inginvasivespecies,improvingthehealthofnativetrees,andreducingsoilcompaction.

6. Monitor and report on the health of public urban forests, streamhabitat,andfish.

7. Conductacoordinatedoutreachandeducationcampaignforresidents and businesses.

8. Build,connect,andprotectcontiguoustrailsandwildlifehabitat corridors.

9. Create healthy stream habitats by removing stream passage barriers,addingwoodandpools,reducingscouringflows,andreducing stream temperature. Resume habitat assessment monitoring according to Endangered Species Act guidelines.

10. Establishacross-departmentalefforttodevelopanAquaticHabitatPlanandestablishclearobjectivesandrolesforstream health.

11. Maintain and increase pervious surfaces and natural storm-waterretentionfeaturesthroughouttheCity.

12. ContinuetoensureCityandcontractedstaffuseIntegratedPestManagement(IPM)techniques,leadingtoreduceduseofpesticides,andpromotethebenefitstothecommunity.

13. Preserve land for open spaces, forests, parks, and agriculture.

14. Support local agriculture through partnerships and commu-nity events.

15. IdentifyandreducesourcesofparticulatematteraffectingBellevue’s air quality.

16. Reduce idling through infrastructure improvements, educa-tion,andpolicy.

C

C

C

C

C

C

CM

M

C

STRATEGIES & ACTIONSTheCityhasidentified16actionsforadvancingitsobjectivesandmakingprogresstowarditskeyperformanceindica-torsinthiscategoryoverthenextfiveyears.Manyoftheseeffortsareunderwayandshouldcontinueorbeexpanded.


1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Research, develop, and implement policies to reverse tree canopy loss trends and restore and maintain the function of existing wetlands.

Examples of policy tools that can reverse tree canopy loss includeSEPAchecklists,wetlandmitigationbanking,andNativeGrowthProtectionEasements/Areas,82 although certain policy adjustments may be needed, as well as more follow-up and enforcement. For example, while the City has policies in place to protect wetlands, some illegal developmentcontinuestoencroachontheseremainingvitalareasandtheCitymustremainproactivetopreventthis.Thefunctionalbenefitsofwetlandsaredependenton being located in the right place, containing the right vegetation,withtherightsoiltype.Therefore,theCitywillcontinuetomonitorandpreventlossofbothwetlandacresaswellaswetlandfunction.

Conduct gap analysis and develop specific strategies for forest canopy sub-areas and zones within Bellevue.

The overall target for Bellevue is a tree canopy of 40 percent;asof2007,thecanopyisat36percent.Bellevue’sexistingcanopyfallsshortofAmericanForests’recommendationsinallareas,butsomeareinsteeper decline than others.83 The types of trees present inBellevue’scanopyaffectstormwaterretentionvalueaswell(e.g.,deciduousvs.coniferous).Inadditiontocreatingaplanforthesub-areasandtreetype,theCityplanstoalsodevelopandimplementanactionplanfortheCentral Business District in Downtown on soil health, street plantings,andothertreemanagementpractices.

Address the loss of tree canopy on private land in Bellevue.

Private land decisions are a significant reason for the decline in tree canopy in Bellevue. The City needs to develop tools to encourage residents to make environ-mentally beneficial decisions on private land, such as appropriate land use incentives, as well as outreach and education.

Develop a specific right-of-way (ROW) strategy to retain and increase tree canopy.

TheCityactivelymanages9,640streettreesplantedon roughly 200 acres of right of way. These formal streetscapesarevaluedatover$48milliondollarsintermsofreplacementcostsand$12millionintermsofstormwaterretention.Withover4,000existingacresofROW land in Bellevue, an enhanced strategy to put these spacestoworkwillsavemoney,amongotherbenefits.The American Forests Urban Ecosystem Analysis found that a 5 percent increase in ROW tree canopy would provideanadditional1.9millioncubicfeetinstormwaterrunoffmitigation,valuedat$3.7million.84

Improve the health of existing forests and wetlands by removing invasive species, improving the health of native trees, and reducing soil compaction.

ThisactionfocusesonimprovingthephysicalconditionsofBellevue’s urban forest and removing threats to long-term health. Bellevue currently successfully partners with com-munityvolunteersfornativeplantingsandinvasivespeciesremoval.BellevuewillcontinuetoengagevolunteersintreecanopyrestorationprojectsandexplorerecruitmentofotherpartnerssuchastheWashingtonConservationCorps, AmeriCorps, and Earth Corps, as well as businesses from the Eastside Sustainable Business Alliance, or others.

Monitor and report on the health of public urban forests, stream habitat, and fish.

Thisactionencouragescontinuedcollectionofdataonthe health of Bellevue’s natural ecosystems. It also recom-mendsengagingnewaudienceswiththeinformationandpresentingitinamoremeaningfulway.TheCitywillpubliclyreporttreecanopycoveragestatisticsthroughwebsites and City Parks’ visitor centers, and will regularly engageCitypolicymakerswiththeinformation.BellevueUtilitiesoperatesastreamhealthmonitoringprogramthattracksB-IBIindexfiguresandfishcountsandusesvolunteerstocollectthedata.Resumingaquatichabitatassessment monitoring according to Endangered Species Actguidelinesisalsoencouraged.TheseandothereffortsbytheBellevueUtilitiesvolunteerprogramincreaselocalknowledge and ownership of local stream habitat and more accurate trend analysis.


8.

9.

7.

STREAM ENHANCEMENTS

In 2012 there were 22 publicly owned culverts/weirs withfishpassageproblemsthattheCityistryingtofix.TheCityaimstoreducethenumberoffishpassage blockages to 15 by 2014 and to have zero blockages by 2027.

A wide variety of other stream improvements are constantlyunderway.Developmentactivitiescande-posit sediments that have braided stream channels tothepointwheresalmonmigrationisimpaired.

Projects such as the Kelsey Creek West Tributary enhancement(2008)removedthesesedimentsandinstalled a sediment pond to facilitate the removal of future sediments.

Conduct a coordinated outreach and education campaign for residents and businesses.

Oneexampleistocontinuepromotionofthe“PugetSound Starts Here” campaign, a social media endeavor supportedbyaconsortiumof57citiesandcountiesun-derthestate’sPugetSoundPartnership.CoordinatingtheParksandUtilitiesdepartments’currenteducationalefforts(MasterNaturalists,ParkRangers,andStreamTeamvolunteers)willbringaninterdisciplinaryperspec-tiveonissueareasofstreams,forests,stormwater,andspecies to community audiences. The Local Hazardous WasteManagementPrograminKingCounty(LHWMP)also advises businesses on proper hazardous waste managementandwastereduction.Bellevuewillcon-tinuetopromotethesetechnicalassistanceresourcesand encourage improvement through challenge and recognitionprograms.

Build, connect, and protect contiguous trails and wildlife habitat corridors.

Roads and large areas of development can create barri-erstowildlifemovement.Connectedhabitatiscriticallyimportantforprovidingasufficient“homerange”forspeciesandpreventingisolationofanimalpopulations.Roads and large areas of development also create barri-ers for bicyclists and pedestrians. Trails that encourage

exercise and non-auto-dependent travel are connected, well-planned, and well-protected from the noise and threat of motor vehicles. The Greenways Mountain-to-Sound is one such regional project, and Bellevue is activelytryingtoclosegapsinthetrailsystemthatwillrun 100 miles along I-90.85

Create healthy stream habitats by removing stream passage barriers, adding wood and pools, reducing scouring flows, and reducing stream temperature. Resume habitat assessment monitoring according to Endangered Species Act guidelines.

Urban stream habitats are threatened by many fac-tors:scouringflows,warmertemperatures,fecalco-liform, blockages such as unnatural weirs and dams, andculverts.Highvelocityrun-offfromhardsurfaces(streets,asphalt,roofs)occursmorefrequentlyasacityurbanizes.Incontrasttorun-offthatissloweddownbyvegetationandsoilabsorption,highvelocityflowspickupparticlesthatscourthestreamanddestroyaquatichabitatformicroscopicanimalsandfish.Warmerstreamtemperature is the most frequent cause of stream and riverimpairmentinWashingtonandresultsfromrun-offfrom asphalt and unshaded streams.86 WiththeUtilitiesDepartment in the lead, the City will comprehensively work to address priority issues through a variety of programs.


10. 11.

NATURAL DRAINAGE PRACTICES TO CLEAN AND MANAGE STORMWATER

Runofffromimpervioussurfacespicksupandcarriespollutantsfromhumanactivity,suchasdirt,oil,chemicals,metals,andpetwaste directly to streams, lakes, wetlands, and the Puget Sound with virtually no water quality treatment. This mixture is notori-ously toxic to salmon87,andinfact,pollutedstormwaterrunoffisrecognized as one of the most serious threats to Puget Sound.88 As Bellevue becomes increasingly urbanized, the quality and quantity of stormwater running off hard surfaces will furtherstress the ecological health of our local water bodies.

NaturalDrainagePractices (NDPs), often referred to as LowImpact Development, are accepted stormwater best manage-ment practices that more closely mimic natural hydrologicconditions prior to development. In Bellevue, NDPs are anemergingalternativetotraditionalstormwatermanagementtools(e.g.,vaults,ponds,andpipes)thatallowstormwatertocollect,filter,andslowlyreleasewateroff-sitetostreamsandlakes.Generally,acombinationofNDPsandtraditionaltoolsisnecessary to meet stormwater management requirements on new and redevelopment projects.

NDPs can include rain gardens, pervious pavement, amended soils, rain recycling, vegetated roofs, reverse-slope sidewalks, andminimalexcavationfoundationsystem.ExamplesofNDPprojects in Bellevue include rain gardens, pervious pavement, and bioswales along the right of way at 145th PL SE & SE 22nd Street and at the Lewis Creek Park Picnic area, as well as green roofsattheMercerSloughEducationCenterandLarsenLakeRangerStation.

Establish a cross-departmental effort to develop an Aquatic Habitat Plan and establish clear objectives and roles for stream health.

Streamsdifferintheircharacteristicsandrequirementstoprovideahealthy,functioningecosystem.AcitywideAquaticHabitatPlan,developedandsupportedbyseveraldepartments,willhelpaddressthespecificneedsofindi-vidualstreamsandclearlydefineCitydepartmentrolesinstream health and recovery projects.

Maintain and increase pervious surfaces and natural stormwater retention features throughout the City.

The City will lead by example and install low-impact de-velopment(LID)featuresonCityfacilities,andencouragesimilarpracticesinthecommunity.Forexample,MercerSloughEnvironmentalEducationCenterhasagreenroof,andtheTransportationdepartmenthasinstalledpervioussidewalks.Beyondmunicipalsites,incentivesandtechnicalsupport are necessary for private developers to increas-ingly use LID features. The City will ensure that codes allow and encourage LID features.

Rain gardens on 145th Pl SE


Continue to ensure City and contracted staff use integrated pest management (IPM) techniques, leading to reduced use of pesticides, and promote the ben-efits to the community.

The Parks department, including its landscape con-tractors,willcontinuetomanagelandscapesusinganEnvironmentalBestManagementPracticesmanual,whichoutlinesIPM,healthysoils,andwaterconservationstrategies.Third-partyrecognitionandcertificationpro-cesses can demonstrate to the community that the City isimplementingbestpracticesaroundchemicaluseandstrivingforcontinualimprovement.TheUSGBC’sLEEDgreenbuildingstandardsalsocontainsspecificcriteriatocertifylandscapesandsitelocations,whichcanbeusedas a guide in City projects. The LEED standards consider how owners manage open space and habitat, IPM, and stormwater.

Preserve land for open spaces, forests, parks, and agriculture.

Bellevuewillcontinuetostrategicallyacquirelandthatpreserveslandforfuturegenerationsandbuildsonitsremarkableparksystem.Anexampleofaregionalinitia-tivethatsupportsthisstrategyistheCascadeAgendatopreserve farms, forests, parks, shorelines, and natural areas.Currently19northwestcities(Bellevueisnotone)areformallylistedas“CascadeAgenda”cities.89 An ad-ditionaltooltofurtherreduceregionalsprawlisTransferofDevelopment Rights, which allows for more urban density while preserving working agricultural land or forested areas in rural King County.

Support local agriculture through part-nerships and community events.

TheCitywillhelpoffercommunitygardeningandfarmstandopportunitiesforresidents,andpartnerwithprivateandnon-profitorganizationstoencouragelocalFarmer’s Markets and Community Supported Agriculture.

Identify and reduce sources of particulate matter affecting Bellevue’s air quality.

ThisactionformsaCitypartnershipwiththePugetSoundCleanAirAgencyandotherstoaddressparticulatematter,classifiedas“themostimportantairpollutantchallengeaffectingourregion”becauseparticulatemat-ter(especiallyPM2.5)90 causes an array of serious health effects.Inthewinter,mostparticlepollutioncomesfromburninginfireplacesandwoodstoves.Duringthesum-mer,vehicleexhaust(cars,trucks,buses,amongothers),land-clearing burning and backyard burning of yard waste arethepredominantsourcesoffineparticles.

Reduce idling through infrastructure improvements, education, and policy.

The City can help reduce idling through a variety of approaches,includingtrafficlightsynchronization,roundabouts,educationandsignage,andinstitutinganno-idling policy for applicable City vehicles. Idling is a wastefulconsumptionoffuel(asitisessentially“zeromilespergallon”)andgeneratesexhaustthatcancausesmog and other respiratory problems.

14.

15.

16.

13.

12.


ENDNOTES1. CarbonDisclosureProject.(2012).Measurement for Management: CDP Cities 2012 Global Report. Retrieved from

https://www.cdproject.net/CDPResults/CDP-Cities-2012-Global-Report.pdf

2. Ibid.

3. WashingtonStateDepartmentofEcology.(2011).Climate Change: National and Regional Leadership. Retrieved from Washington State Department of Ecology Web site: http://www.ecy.wa.gov/climatechange/leadership.htm

4. WashingtonStateDepartmentofEcology.(2011).Climate Change: Policy Framework. Retrieved from Washington State Department of Ecology Web site: http://www.ecy.wa.gov/climatechange/laws.htm

5. KingCounty.(2012).King County - Cities Climate Collaboration and Pledge. Retrieved from King County Web site: http://www.kingcounty.gov/environment/climate/other-governments/climate-pledge.aspx

6. Lydersen,K.(2009,February15).Scientists:PaceofClimateChangeExceedsEstimates.The Washington Post. Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/02/14/AR2009021401757.html

7. NationalResearchCouncil.(2010).Adapting to the Impacts of Climate Change. Retrieved from http://dels.nas.edu/resources/static-assets/materials-based-on-reports/reports-in-brief/Adapting_Report_Brief_final.pdf

8. ClimateImpactsGroup.(2009).The Washington Climate Change Impacts Assessment. University of Washington. Retrieved from http://cses.washington.edu/db/pdf/wacciareport681.pdf

9. Crabtree,S.(2010,August13).Wellbeing Lower Among Workers with Long Commutes. Retrieved from Gallup Wellbeing: http://www.gallup.com/poll/142142/wellbeing-lower-among-workers-long-commutes.aspx

10. FederalHighwayAdministration.(2012).Traffic Volume Trends.RetrievedfromOfficeofHighwayPoliceInformation:Travel Monitoring Web site: http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/travel_monitoring/tvt.cfm

11. Williams-Derry,C.(2011,August8).“DisappearingCars,Circa2002.”Sightline Daily. Retrieved from http://daily.sightline.org/2011/08/08/disappearing-cars-circa-2002/

12. Chozick,A.(2012,March22).“AsYoungLoseInterestinCars,GMTurnstoMTVforHelp.”New York Times.

13. Leinberger,C.(2012,May25).“NowCoveted-AWalkable,ConvenientPlace.” New York Times.

14. LeagueofAmericanBicyclists.(n.d.).2010 Bike Commuting Data Released. Retrieved from http://www.bikeleague.org/news/acs2010.php

15. ORCInterational.(2012).Bellevue Performance Measures Survey. City of Bellevue.

16. TexasTransportationInstitute.(2011).Table 2. What Congestion Means to Your Town, 2010. 2011 Urban Mobility Report. Retrieved from http://mobility.tamu.edu/files/2011/09/national-table_2.pdf

17. SeeRCW43.19.648formoreinformation.Compressednaturalgas,liquefiednaturalgas,orpropanemaybesubstitutedfor electricity or biofuel if the department of commerce determines that electricity and biofuel are not reasonably available, and transit agencies using compressed natural gas are exempt from this requirement.

18. CityofBellevuePlanningandCommunityDevelopment.(January2012).Bellevue By the Numbers. Retrieved March 1, 2013 from http://www.ci.bellevue.wa.us/pdf/PCD/Bellevue_By_The_Numbers.pdf

19. CityofBellevue.(2004Update).City of Bellevue Comprehensive Plan. Retrieved from http://www.bellevuewa.gov/comprehensive_plan.htm

20. Walk Score. Retrieved March 1, 2013 from http://www.walkscore.com/methodology.shtml Walk Score uses a patent-pending system to measure the walkability of an address. The Walk Score algorithm awards points based on the distancetoamenitiesineachcategory.Amenitieswithin.25milesreceivemaximumpointsandnopointsareawardedforamenitiesfurtherthanonemile.WalkScoreusesavarietyofdatasourcesincludingGoogle,Education.com, Open StreetMap,andLocaleze.WalkScoreisanapproximationofwalkability.Thereareanumberoffactorsthatcontributetowalkability that are not part of the algorithm, including street design, safety from crime and crashes, pedestrian-friendly community design, topography, and weather.

21. Biodiesel emits carbon to the atmosphere but since it is not “new carbon” from buried fossil fuels, it does not increase net GHG emissions.Formoreinformation,visittheUSDeptofEnergyathttp://www.afdc.energy.gov/vehicles/diesels_emissions.html

22. CityofBellevue.(February2008)Downtown Bellevue Growth and Transportation Efficiency Center. Retrieved from http://www.ci.bellevue.wa.us/pdf/Transportation/connect_downtown_plan.pdf and email correspondence with Kate Johnson.

23. CaliforniaDepartmentofTransportation.(2010,April13).Transit-Oriented Development (TOD). Retrieved from California DepartmentofTransportationWebsite:http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/MassTrans/tod.html

24. Pucher,J.,&Dijkstra,L.(2003,September).“PromotingSafeWalkingandCyclingtoImprovePublicHealth:LessonsFromThe Netherlands and Germany.” American Journal of Public Health,93(9),1509-1516.Retrievedfrom http://policy.rutgers.edu/faculty/pucher/ajphfromjacobsen.pdf

https://www.cdproject.net/CDPResults/CDP-Cities-2012-Global-Report.pdf

http://www.ecy.wa.gov/climatechange/leadership.htm

http://www.ecy.wa.gov/climatechange/laws.htm

http://www.kingcounty.gov/environment/climate/other-governments/climate-pledge.aspx

http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/02/14/AR2009021401757.html

http://dels.nas.edu/resources/static-assets/materials-based-on-reports/reports-in-brief/Adapting_Report_Brief_final.pdf

http://dels.nas.edu/resources/static-assets/materials-based-on-reports/reports-in-brief/Adapting_Report_Brief_final.pdf

http://cses.washington.edu/db/pdf/wacciareport681.pdf

http://www.gallup.com/poll/142142/wellbeing-lower-among-workers-long-commutes.aspx

http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/travel_monitoring/tvt.cfm

http://daily.sightline.org/2011/08/08/disappearing

http://www.bikeleague.org/news/acs2010.php

http://mobility.tamu.edu/files/2011/09/national-table_2.pdf

http://www.ci.bellevue.wa.us/pdf/PCD/Bellevue_By_The_Numbers.pdf

http://www.bellevuewa.gov/comprehensive_plan.htm

http://www.walkscore.com/methodology.shtml

Education.com

http://www.afdc.energy.gov/vehicles/diesels_emissions.html

http://www.ci.bellevue.wa.us/pdf/Transportation/connect_downtown_plan.pdf

http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/MassTrans/tod.html

http://policy.rutgers.edu/faculty/pucher/ajphfromjacobsen.pdf


25. CityofBellevue.(2009).2009 City of Bellevue Pedestrian and Bicycle Transportation Plan Report. Retrieved from http://www.bellevuewa.gov/pdf/Transportation/ped_bike_plan_2009.pdf

26. PugetSoundEnergy.(2012).Electric Supply. Retrieved from http://www.pse.com/aboutpse/EnergySupply/Pages/Electric-Supply.aspx

27. U.S.DepartmentofEnergy.(2012).Electricity: Overview. Retrieved from http://www.eia.gov/electricity/

28. Ryan,J.(2012,July27).“MontanaCoalFuelsPugetSoundEnergy.”KUOW News. Retrieved from http://www.kuow.org/program.php?id=27475

29. ClimateImpactsGroup.(2009).Research: Hydrology and Water Resources: Key Findings. Retrieved from Climate Impacts Group Web site: http://cses.washington.edu/cig/res/hwr/hwrkeyfindings.shtml

30. ClimateImpactsGroup.(2009).Hydrology and Water Resources: Current Research: Climate Change Impacts on WA State Hydrology. Retrieved from Climate Impacts Group Web site: http://cses.washington.edu/cig/res/hwr/wacchydro.shtml

31. NorthwestEnergyCoalition.(2009).The Power of Efficiency: Pacific Northwest Energy Conservation Potential Through 2020. Retrieved from http://nwenergy.adhostclient.com/wp-content/uploads/Power-of-Efficiency-050109.pdf

32. U.S.DepartmentofEnergy.(2012,March).Buildings Energy Book. Retrieved from U.S. Department of Energy Web site: http://buildingsdatabook.eren.doe.gov/ChapterIntro1.aspx

33. Deleted

34. WaterSupplyForum.(2012).Regional Water Supply Outlook. Retrieved from Water Supply Forum Web site: http://www.watersupplyforum.org/home/outlook/

35. Since48%ofthetotalelectricitycostsforthecityaresignalsandstreetlights,itisanimportantareatoaddress.MosttrafficsignalshavealreadybeenconvertedtoLEDs.However,fewstreetlightshavebeenconvertedasof2012.

36. ENERGYSTARisanationwide,low-costprogramthatrankstheactualenergyuseofabuildingagainstsimilarbuildingtypes,andonlycertaincommercialbuildingsmayreceiveascore.CommercialbuildingsthatearntheENERGYSTAR(ascoreof75orgreateroutof100points)useanaverageof35percentlessenergythantypicalbuildingsandalsorelease35 percent less carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. LEED is program of the U.S. Green Building Council and provides independent,third-partyverificationthatabuildingisdesignedandbuiltwithenvironmentalperformanceinmind.LEEDforExistingBuildingsaddresseswhole-buildingcleaningandmaintenanceissues(includingchemicaluse),recyclingprograms, exterior maintenance programs, and systems upgrades.

37. TheCityofAnnArbor,Michigan,similarinsizetoBellevue,establishedaRLFin1982thathasaffordedthecityover$600,000inloans,withsavingsofover$150,000peryearand$1.5Mcumulative.AnnArborhasreduceditsgreenhousegas emissions by 980 tons of carbon dioxide equivalents per year thanks to this fund.

38. InstituteforMarketTransformation.(2011).Introduction to Commercial Building Energy Rating and Disclosure Policies. Retrieved from http://www.imt.org/uploads/resources/files/6.26Rating_Intro.pdf

39. InstituteforMarketTransformation.(n.d.).$810 Million Funding Needed to Achieve 90% Compliance with Building Energy Codes. Retrieved from http://www.doe.gov/sites/prod/files/gcprod/documents/Energy_Code_Enforcement_Funding_Task_Force_-_Fact_Sheet.pdf

40. Ibid.

41. Schlenger,D.(2012). Water Utilities Begin the Shift to Advanced Metering Infrastructure. Retrieved from PenWell CorporationWebsite:http://www.waterworld.com/articles/print/volume-24/issue-8/amra/water-utilities-begin-the-shift-to-advanced-metering-infrastructure.html

42. Todate,theAIA2030Challengehasbeenadoptedbymanyorganizationsincluding:TheNationalGovernorsAssociation,TheNationalAssociationofCounties,thestatesofMinnesota,Illinois,NewMexico,WashingtonState,andnumerouscitiesandcounties.Seattlecurrentlyhasa“2030district”commercialareaestablishedvoluntarilybasedontheAIA2030Challengegoals,andBellevueisanexcellentnextpilottestinggroundforasimilardistrict.InWashington,KitsapCounty,ThurstonCounty,theSeattle2030District,andStarbuckshavejoinedtheBetterBuildingsChallenge.

43. Morethan50%ofallbuildingstockinsomecountriesofNorthernEuropeisconnectedtodistrictenergysystems.Eco-districtdevelopmentareasandcampuseshaveadoptedanexcitingdistrictenergyvisionandimplementationstrategyinPortland.CompassResourceManagement,Ltd.(2010).Portland Pilot Ecodistricts, Neighborhood Infrastructure: Doing More with Less.PortlandSustainabilityInstitute,Vancouver,BC.Retrievedfromhttp://www.pdxinstitute.org/images/posi_publications/ecodistricts_district_utilities_final_report_november10.pdf

44. U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency.(2011).Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States: Tables and Figures for 2010.OfficeofResourceConservationandRecovery.

45. MacKerron,C.(2012).UnfinishedBusiness:The Case for Extended Producer Responsibility for Post-Consumer Packaging. Retrieved from http://asyousow.org/publications/2012/UnfinishedBusiness_TheCaseforEPR_20120710.pdf

http://www.bellevuewa.gov/pdf/Transportation/ped_bike_plan_2009.pdf

http://www.pse.com/aboutpse/EnergySupply/Pages/Electric-Supply.aspx

http://www.eia.gov/electricity

http://www.kuow.org/program.php?id=27475

http://cses.washington.edu/cig/res/hwr/hwrkeyfindings.shtml

http://cses.washington.edu/cig/res/hwr/wacchydro.shtml

http://nwenergy.adhostclient.com/wp-content/uploads/Power-of-Efficiency-050109.pdf

http://buildingsdatabook.eren.doe.gov/ChapterIntro1.aspx

http://www.watersupplyforum.org/home/outlook

http://www.imt.org/uploads/resources/files/6.26Rating_Intro.pdf

http://www.doe.gov/sites/prod/files/gcprod/documents/Energy_Code_Enforcement_Funding_Task_Force_-_Fact_Sheet.pdf

http://www.doe.gov/sites/prod/files/gcprod/documents/Energy_Code_Enforcement_Funding_Task_Force_-_Fact_Sheet.pdf

http://www.waterworld.com/articles/print/volume-24/issue-8/amra/water-utilities-begin-the-shift-to-advanced-metering-infrastructure.html

http://www.waterworld.com/articles/print/volume-24/issue-8/amra/water-utilities-begin-the-shift-to-advanced-metering-infrastructure.html

http://www.pdxinstitute.org/images/posi_publications/ecodistricts_district_utilities_final_report_november10.pdf

http://www.pdxinstitute.org/images/posi_publications/ecodistricts_district_utilities_final_report_november10.pdf

http://asyousow.org/publications/2012/UnfinishedBusiness_TheCaseforEPR_20120710.pdf


46. Gunders,D.(2012).Wasted: How America Is Losing Up to 40 Percent of Its Food from Farm to Fork to Landfill. Natural Resources Defense Council. Retrieved from http://www.nrdc.org/food/files/wasted-food-IP.pdf

47. U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency.(2009).Opportunities to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions through Materials and Land Management Practices.OfficeofSolidWasteandEmergencyResponse.Retrievedfrom http://www.epa.gov/oswer/docs/ghg_land_and_materials_management.pdf

48. U.S.DepartmentofHealthandHumanServices.(2009).Fourth National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals. CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention.Retrievedfrom http://www.cdc.gov/exposurereport/pdf/FourthReport.pdf

49. WashingtonStateDepartmentofEcology.(2011).Solid Waste in Washington State: 20th Annual Status Report. Waste 2 Resources Program. Retrieved from https://fortress.wa.gov/ecy/publications/publications/1107039.pdf

50. U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency.(2011).Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions through Recycling and Composting. Materials Management Workgroup of the West Coast Climate and Materials Forum. Retrieved from http://www.epa.gov/region10/pdf/climate/wccmmf/Reducing_GHGs_through_Recycling_and_Composting.pdf

51. WashingtonStateDepartmentofEcology.(2011).Green Purchasing. Retrieved from Washington Department of Ecology Web site: http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/swfa/epp/

52. WashingtonStateDepartmentofEcology,(December2011).SolidWasteinWashingtonState:20thAnnualStatusReport.Waste 2 Resources Program. Retrieved from https://fortress.wa.gov/ecy/publications/publications/1107039.pdf

53. KingCounty.(2012,June12).Indicators: Solid Waste Disposal and Recycling. Retrieved from http://your.kingcounty.gov/dnrp/measures/indicators/rc-solid-waste.aspx

54. NorthwestProductStewardshipCouncil.(2012,September18).Retrievedfromhttp://www.productstewardship.net/

55. Inaproductstewardshipmodel,thosewhohavethemostinfluenceoverdesigndecisionshaveacommensurateresponsibilityfortheproductatend-of-life.Inaddition,thosewhodonotuseorbenefitfromtheproductarenotburdenedwiththeproduct’sdisposalimpactsorcosts.Properphysicalandfiscalresponsibilitiesprovideincentivestochange the design and produce less waste.

56. Pharmaceuticalsaremanagedforsafedisposal,ratherthanrecycling.

57. KingCounty.(June8,2011). Construction, demolition & landclearing diversion/recycling and disposal options. Retrieved from http://your.kingcounty.gov/solidwaste/facilities/cdl-stations.asp

58. WashingtonStateDepartmentofEcology,(December2011).

59. E.g., re-manufactured cartridges, which Bellevue does not currently purchase.

60. AmericanForests.(2008).UrbanEcosystemAnalysis:CityofBellevue,WA.Retrievedfrom http://systemecology.org/4_Past_Projects/AmforReport_Bellevue_lowres.pdf

61. Booth,D.;Hartley,D;andJackson,R.(June2002)“ForestCover,Impervious-SurfaceArea,andtheMitigationofStormwater Impacts.” Journal of the American Water Resources Association. Retrieved from https://www.ci.oswego.or.us/sites/default/files/archives/projects/planningprojects/PP09-0011_Sensitive_Lands_Outreach/Second_Look_Task_Force/01-07-10_Part_1_Scientific_Papers.pdf

62. Puget Sound Partnership. Retrieved from http://www.psp.wa.gov/SR_status.php

63. NationalAudobonSociety.(2012).State of the Birds. Retrieved from Audobon Society Web site: http://web4.audubon.org/bird/stateofthebirds/cbid/

64. Harnik,P.andWelle,B.(2009)Measuring the Economic Value of a City Park System. The Trust for Public Land. Retrieved from http://www.tpl.org/publications/books-reports/ccpe-publications/measuring-the-economic-value.html

65. Donovana,G.,Michaelb,Y.,Butryc,D.,Sullivand,A.,andChasea,J.(January2011).“Urbantreesandtheriskofpoorbirthoutcomes.” Health & Place. Volume 17, Issue 1, Pages 390–393. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1353829210001656

66. eCityGovAlliance.(2009).Mercer Slough Nature Park Trails. Retrieved from MyParksandRecreation.com: http://www.myparksandrecreation.com/ParksTrails/Details.aspx?pid=471

67. PugetSoundPartnership.(2010).2009 State of the Sound Report. Retrieved from http://www.psp.wa.gov/downloads/SOS09/09-04534-000_State_of_the_Sound-1.pdf

68. Lowimpactdevelopment(LID)isadevelopmentstrategythatmimicsnaturalsystemstohelpmaintainandrestorethenatural hydrology of watersheds in urban, developed areas.

69. CityofBellevue.(2009).City of Bellevue Comprehensive Plan: Environmental Element. Retrieved from http://www.bellevuewa.gov/pdf/PCD/CompPlan_Vol_1_09.Environment.pdf

70. AmericanForests.(2008).

71. Ibid.

http://www.nrdc.org/food/files/wasted-food-IP.pdf

http://www.epa.gov/oswer/docs/ghg_land_and_materials_management.pdf

http://www.cdc.gov/exposurereport/pdf/FourthReport.pdf

https://fortress.wa.gov/ecy/publications/publications/1107039.pdf

http://www.epa.gov/region10/pdf/climate/wccmmf/Reducing_GHGs_through_Recycling_and_Composting.pdf

http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/swfa/epp

https://fortress.wa.gov/ecy/publications/publications/1107039.pdf

http://your.kingcounty.gov/dnrp/measures/indicators/rc-solid-waste.aspx

http://www.productstewardship.net

http://your.kingcounty.gov/solidwaste/facilities/cdl-stations.asp

http://systemecology.org/4_Past_Projects/AmforReport_Bellevue_lowres.pdf

https://www.ci.oswego.or.us/sites/default/files/archives/projects/planningprojects/PP09-0011_Sensitive_Lands_Outreach/Second_Look_Task_Force/01-07-10_Part_1_Scientific_Papers.pdf



http://www.psp.wa.gov/SR_status.php

http://web4.audubon.org/bird/stateofthebirds/cbid

http://www.tpl.org/publications/books-reports/ccpe-publications/measuring-the-economic-value.html

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1353829210001656

MyParksandRecreation.com

http://www.myparksandrecreation.com/ParksTrails/Details.aspx?pid=471

http://www.psp.wa.gov/downloads/SOS09/09-04534-000_State_of_the_Sound-1.pdf

http://www.bellevuewa.gov/pdf/PCD/CompPlan_Vol_1_09.Environment.pdf


72. URFO, January 2010. City of Bellevue i-Tree Ecosystem Analysis.

73. EarthCorps.May2012.“ForestConditionAssessmentModelAnalysisof100permanentplotslocatedinforestedparksinBellevue, Washington.”

74. CityofSeattle,KingCounty,PierceCounty,andSnohomishCounty.(2010).Puget Sound Stream Benthos. Retrieved July 8, 2010. http://pugetsoundstreambenthos.org/default.aspx

75. ResearchershavefoundtheB-IBIscoretobesignificantlycorrelatedwiththeamountofurbanizationinawatershed,measuredbypercentimperviousarea(Albertietal.2007;Boothetal.2004;MorleyandKarr2002).Generally,whenawatershedbecomesmorethan10percentimpervious,thescoreislower.KelseyCreekbasinis40%imperviouswith55%treecanopyintheriparianbuffer,LewisCreekbasinis20%imperviouswith85%treecanopyintheriparianbuffer,andCoalCreekbasinis29%imperviouswith69%treecanopyintheriparianbuffer(CityofBellevueUtilitiesDepartment,2012) References: Alberti,M.,D.Booth,K.Hill,B.Coburn,C.Avolio,S.Coe,andD.Spirandelli.(2007).”TheImpactofUrbanPatterns on AquaticEcosystems:AnEmpiricalAnalysisinPugetLowlandSub-basins.”Landscape and Urban Planning 80(4):345-361. Booth,D.B.,J.R.Karr,S.Schauman,C.P.Konrad,S.A.Morley,M.G.Larson,andS.J.Burges.(2004).“RevivingUrbanStreams: Land Use, Hydrology, Biology, and Human Behavior.” Journal of the American Water Resources Association. 40(5):1351-1364. Morley,S.A.andJ.R.Karr.(2002).“AssessingandRestoringtheHealthofUrbanStreamsinthePugetSoundBasin.” Conservation Biology16(6):1498-1509. CityofBellevueUtilitiesDepartment.(2012).2012 Storm and Surface Water System Plan Review Draft. Retrieved March 16, 2013 from http://www.ci.bellevue.wa.us/pdf/Utilities/Storm_PLan_2012.pdf

76. Bollman,W.(October2009)Biological Assessment of Stream Sites in the City of Bellevue, Based on Macroinvertebrate Assemblages. Report to the City of Bellevue, Washington Utilities Department. Retrieved from http://www.ci.bellevue.wa.us/pdf/Utilities/BELLEVUE_Bugs_FINAL08_Summary.pdf

77. AnchorQEA.(2012). 2011 Bellevue Salmon Spawner Surveys. Seattle,WA.Retrievedfrom http://www.bellevuewa.gov/pdf/Utilities/Bellevue_Salmon_Spawner_Survey_4-12-2012_Final.pdf

78. MetropolitanKingCountyCountywidePlanningPoliciesBenchmark.(June2005)ProgramIndicator 16: Change in Wetland Acreage and Functions. Retrieved from http://your.kingcounty.gov/budget/benchmrk/bench04/Environment/ Environment_05.pdf#16

79. PesticideActionNetworkNorthAmerica.(October2012)“AGenerationinJeopardy.Howpesticidesareunderminingourchildren’s health & intelligence.” Retrieved April 3, 2013 from http://www.safelawns.org/blog/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/KidsHealthReportOct2012.pdf

80. Parker,C.(2010).Bellevue Parks and Open Space System Plan 2010. City of Bellevue, Parks and Community Services. Retrieved from http://www.bellevuewa.gov/pdf/Parks/park_plan_update_draft_4-29-10.pdf

81. PugetSoundCleanAirAgency.(2012).2010 Air Quality Data Summary. Retrieved from http://www.pscleanair.org/news/library/reports/2010_AQDS_Report.pdf

82. Eitheraneasementrecordedonthepropertytitle,oraseparatetractortaxparcel

83. Urbanresidential(-5%),Suburbanresidential(-15%),CentralBusinessDistrict(-8%),Commercial/MixedUse(-4%),andIndustrial(-6%).From:AmericanForests.(2008).Urban Ecosystem Analysis: City of Bellevue, WA. Retrieved from http://systemecology.org/4_Past_Projects/AmforReport_Bellevue_lowres.pdf

84. AmericanForests.(2008).

85. CityofBellevue.(n.d.).EW-4: Mountains to Sound Greenway. Retrieved from City of Bellevue Web site: http://www.bellevuewa.gov/pdf/Transportation/Mountains_to_Sound_Greenway_Trail_Handout.pdf

86. USEPA(2008)WashingtonCausesofImpairmentforReportingYear2008.Availablefrom http://ofmpub.epa.gov/tmdl_waters10/attains_state.control?p_state=WA#total_assessed_waters

87. AssociatedPress.(January22,2013).“StudylinkscohosalmondeathstostormwaterrunofffromWashingtonhighways.” Oregon Live. Retrieved from http://www.oregonlive.com/environment/index.ssf/2013/01/study_links_coho_salmon_deaths.html

88. Puget Sound Partnership. Retrieved from http://www.psparchives.com/our_work/stormwater.htm

89. See Forterra at http://www.forterra.org/who_we_are/cascade_agenda

90. PM2.5arefineparticlesmeasuring2.5micrometersindiameterorsmallerthatembedinthelungs.

http://pugetsoundstreambenthos.org/default.aspx

http://www.ci.bellevue.wa.us/pdf/Utilities/Storm_PLan_2012.pdf

http://www.ci.bellevue.wa.us/pdf/Utilities/BELLEVUE_Bugs_FINAL08_Summary.pdf

http://www.bellevuewa.gov/pdf/Utilities/Bellevue_Salmon_Spawner_Survey_4-12-2012_Final.pdf

http://your.kingcounty.gov/budget/benchmrk/bench04/Environment

Environment_05.pdf

http://www.safelawns.org/blog/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/KidsHealthReportOct2012.pdf

http://www.bellevuewa.gov/pdf/Parks/park_plan_update_draft_4-29-10.pdf

http://www.pscleanair.org/news/library/reports/2010_AQDS_Report.pdf

http://systemecology.org/4_Past_Projects/AmforReport_Bellevue_lowres.pdf

http://www.bellevuewa.gov/pdf/Transportation/Mountains_to_Sound_Greenway_Trail_Handout.pdf

http://ofmpub.epa.gov/tmdl_waters10/attains_state.control?p_state=WA#total_assessed_waters

http://www.oregonlive.com/environment/index.ssf/2013/01/study_links_coho_salmon_deaths.html

http://www.oregonlive.com/environment/index.ssf/2013/01/study_links_coho_salmon_deaths.html

http://www.psparchives.com/our_work/stormwater.htm

http://www.forterra.org/who_we_are/cascade_agenda


APPENDICES

2 AppendixA:ProjectPortfolioA-1

ESIAPPENDIXA.PROJECTPORTFOLIO2013-2018 A-1

CITY OF BELLEVUE

AllMTCO2ecalculationshavebeenupdatedtoreflecteGrid2009datafoundat:http://epa.gov/cleanenergy/documents/egridzips/eGRID2012V1_0_year09_SummaryTables.pdf Non-baseload emission factors were used to calculate savings unless noted otherwise.

SUSTAINABILITYPROJECTSPORTFOLIO

OCTOBER 2012 ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP INITIATIVE

http://epa.gov/cleanenergy/documents/egridzips/eGRID2012V1_0_year09_SummaryTables.pdf


TABLE OF CONTENTSStrategic Initiatives & Data Management Page

A-3 American Recovery & Reinvestment Act A-4 EnterpriseEnvironmentalDataManagementSoftware

Community & Business Engagement A-5 EastsideSustainableBusinessAlliance(ESBA) A-6 Eastside Green Business Challenge A-6 GreenWA.org Sustainability Engagement Website A-7 Schools Outreach A-8 CarbonYeti Mobility & Land Use A-9 Hybrid and Electric Vehicle Fleet A-10 TransportationDemandManagementPrograms A-11 Electric Vehicle Infrastructure

Energy & Water A-13 RecreationFacilityLightingUpgrades A-14 CityHallLightingUpgrades A-15 ENERGYSTARratingforBellevueCityHall A-16 TrafficSignalUpgrades A-16 ResourceConservationManagerProgram A-17 InformationTechnologyEnergyEfficiency A-18 Green Building A-19 Home Energy Reports A-20 WaterConservationProgram A-21 SunShotInitiativeforSolarEnergy

Materials Management & Waste A-22 PaperUseReduction A-23 In-House Recycling Program A-23 ResidentialHouseholdHazardousWasteProgram A-24 ResidentialRecyclingProgram A-25 BusinessWasteReductionandRecyclingEducationand Technical Assistance

Ecosystems & Open Spaces A-26 PollutionPreventionEducationandTechnicalAssistance A-27 Stream Team Stormwater Program A-28 Natural Yard Care Program

M

M

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M

M

M

M

M

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M

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C

C

C

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C

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C

C

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Community ProjectMunicipal ProjectBoth Community & Municipal Project

M

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GreenWA.org


InOctober2009,theCityofBellevuereceived$1.2millioningrantfundingfromtheAmericanRecoveryandReinvestmentAct(ARRA),specificallyundertheEnergyEfficiencyandConservationBlockGrants(EECBG)program.Thepurposeofthisfunding is to “seed the new economy into perpetuity” by funding investments in cleantechnology,energyefficiency,conservation,education,andtraining.

ARRA funding has succeeded greatly in providing a necessary boost to sustainability activitiesfortheCity.ARRAhasenabledtheexecutionofcostandenergy-savingprojects,commercialandresidentialengagement,andenhancedmeasurementandreportingsystemsthatbroadenawarenessofkeyenvironmentalperformanceindicators.EightspecificprojectslistedbelowhavebeenorarebeingadministeredwithARRAfunding.Moreinformationoneachprojectisavailablethroughoutthedocument.

Projects include:

1. GreenVehicles:Upgradeof90fleetvehiclesfromgas-onlytohybridand electric technology.

2. RecreationFacilityLighting:Indoorandoutdoorlightingupgradesatfour majorrecreationfacilities.

3. CityHallLighting:LightingupgradesatBellevueCityHallparkinggaragesand stairwells.

4. Home Energy Reports: Provided reports advising residents of their energy usagepatternsascomparedwithsimilarneighbors—andopportunitiesfor savings.

5. Sustainability Web Portal: Websites for engaging businesses and residents in sustainabilityactions(esba.sustainableeastside.org;GreenWA.org).

AMERICAN RECOVERY & REINVESTMENT ACTM

Strategic Initiatives & Data Management

esba.sustainableeastside.org

GreenWA.org


6. EnterpriseEnvironmentalDataManagementSoftware:Softwaretoolthat tracks key environmental performance indicators city-wide and supports trend analysis.

7. ElectricVehicleCharging:Installationofelectricvehiclechargingstationsfor Cityfleetandemployeeusage.

8. Greenhouse Gas Inventory: An updated inventory of City and community greenhouse gas emissions, coupled with an update to the City’s ESI Strategic Plan for 2013-2018.

TheEnterpriseEnvironmentalDataManagementsoftwarewillallowtheCitytoconsolidate,track,andmanageenvironmentalperformancedata(e.g.,energy,fuel,waste,water,employeecommuting,andmaterials).Thesoftwarewillcentrallycombinedata;measureandreportprogress;forecastbenefitsofprogramsandcampaigns;andengagestakeholderswithaccurate,up-to-date,andtransparentinformationrelatedtotheCity’senvironmentalperformancetargets.Keymetricssuch as greenhouse gas emissions and resource savings will be tracked more closelyandconsistently,resultingintheabilitytostrategicallymanageandreduceoperatingcostsandnegativeenvironmentalimpacts.

ENTERPRISE ENVIRONMENTAL DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE

Start date and end date .................. March 2012 – September 2015

Upfront Cost .................................... $40,000

Funding Source ............................... ARRA

Annual Energy Savings ................... Expected to drive savings across all operations

M


PublicandprivatepartnersintheEastsideSustainableBusinessAlliance(ESBA)worktoacceleratetheadoptionofcleanertechnologiesandoperationalimprovementsinorgani-zationsthroughouttheEastside.Byparticipatinginprogramsandevents,businessescanovercome the green learning curve more quickly–improving environmental, economic, and socialbottomlines–withtheadviceandsupportofaknowledgeablebusinesscommunity.The ESBA website at esba.sustainableeastside.org is home to feature stories, case studies, presentationarchives,andemergingprograms.

ESBA was launched in 2010 and has grown to engage over 100 eastside businesses of alltypesandsizes.Otherbenefitsofparticipationinclude:

• no cost

• technical tools

• idea-sharing

• marketingopportunities

• community building

• events

• roundtables

• expert advice

• bestpractices

EASTSIDE SUSTAINABLE BUSINESS ALLIANCE

Strategic Initiatives & Data ManagementCommunity & Business Engagement

C

esba.sustainableeastside.org


EASTSIDE GREEN BUSINESS CHALLENGE

GREENWA.ORG SUSTAINABILITY ENGAGEMENT WEBSITE

TheEastsideGreenBusinessChallengeisafriendlycompetitionamonglocalorganizationsand6eastsidecities(Bellevue,Issaquah,Kirkland,Renton,Sammamish,andMercerIsland)toseewhocansavethemostmoneyandnaturalresourcesinoneyear.

The Challenge successfully launched in January 2012 and gives businesses a year to make as many improvements to their sustainability performance as possible. With a convenientonlinescorecard,participatingentitieshaveinsideraccesstofreeresourcesthathelpthemprioritizeandtackletheissuesthatmattermost.TheChallengeissupported with generous funding from ICLEI–Local Governments for Sustainability andcorporatesponsorsincludingCascadePowerGroup,OfficeDepot,PugetSoundEnergy,RepublicServices,CedarGroveComposting,andmore.TheChallengeaimstosavethecombinedbusinesscommunityover$2millionand10,000MTCO2e.

Bellevue’s GreenWA.org website is a community engagement platform that helps residents, businesses, and tourists tour and learn about the sustainability assets in Bellevue. Users are treated to a database of fun and educational maps, videos, and knowledge pieces that highlight where, how, and why to live more sustainably in Bellevue.

The“Maps”portionofthesiteallowsuserstoidentifyawidevarietyofsustainabilityassets—where they can commute via bicycle, spot salmon in the streams, or recycle an old television, for example. Did you spot a rain garden that you want to know more about?JustclickintothemapmarkerformoreinformationonhowthisassetishelpingBellevue meet its environmental stewardship goals and how to build your own.

C

C

Start date and end date ................. January 2012 through December 2012(programmaybecontinued)

Grant ............................................... $25,000grant,plusin-kindand numerous corporate sponsorships

Funding Source .............................. ICLEI–Local Governments for Sustainability and private sector sponsorships

Annual Financial Savings Goal ....... $2million

Annual CO2 Reduction Goal ............ 10,000 MTCO2e

GREENWA.ORG

GreenWA.org


Byviewingvideos,readingarticles,orsigningupforvolunteeropportunitiesontheevents calendar, residents will be able to learn and engage with each other toward common goals – healthy living, clean air, and clean water. The website also allows the Citytocontinuetosurveywhereandhowitispushingtheenvelopeonsustainabilityinnovationsandwhereithasmoreworktodo.

Thesiteisbeingbuiltwiththeintentionofexpansiontoregionaljurisdictionsandwithhopesofbecominganationalshowpieceforcommunityengagementoncriticalsustainability issues.

TheCityprovideshelptoBellevueschoolsinsettinguporimprovingwastereduction,waterconservation,compostingandrecycling–actionsthatcansaveresourcesaswellas money on solid waste bills. Outreach assistance is also available on other environmentaltopicssuchasdrinkingwater,conservation,pollutionprevention,salmonmigrationandreducingyourcarbonfootprint.

SCHOOLS OUTREACHC

Project start and end date ............. 2012 – ongoing

Total cost ........................................ $124,000

Funding Source .............................. ARRA

Start date and end date ................. Ongoing

Outcomes ....................................... Youtheducationprogramsreachedabout 4,500 students


CARBON YETI

Start date and end date ................. April 2007 through present

Total cost ........................................ $122,339asofApril2012

Funding Source .............................. Washington State Department of EcologyCoordinatedPrevention Grant, solid waste fund, storm water funding

Annual pledges .............................. 850 pledges between 12/17/07 and 7/12/10

Annual MTCO2e Savings .................. 1,604MTCO2eperyearestimated assuming 100 percent of people pledging changed their behavior (equivalenttoa13.5percentannual reductionperpersonfromWAper capitaCO2emissions)Cost per MTCO2e reduced** $47per($75,338forthe2.6year pledgeperiodabove)

*calculatedfromCarbonYetianalysisspreadsheet,providedbyCityofBellevueUtilitiesDepartment

Residents can cut greenhouse gas emissions and conserve energy at home without hugelifestylechanges.TheCityofBellevueofferstipswiththehelpofamascotforenvironmentalstewardship,theCarbonYeti.

In the “Smaller Footprint Pledge” book, the cartoon Bigfoot shows ways to save energyinandaroundone’shome.TheCarbonYetihasaninteractivehouseonlineatwww.BellevueWA.gov/yetihouse with related games too.

TheCarbonYetiearnedtheCityaCleanAirExcellenceAwardfromtheEnvironmentalPro-tectionAgencyin2011,theYouthEducationRecyclerof2010fromtheWashingtonStateRecyclingAssociation,andtheGreenCityAwardin2012fromWaste&RecyclingNews.

C

www.BellevueWA.gov/yetihouse


With the help of grant funding from EECBG and Western Washington Clean Cit-iesCoalition,Bellevueistransitioning90gasfleetvehiclestohybridand3electricvehicles. Expected annual savings from the replacement of these vehicles is nearly $90,000infuelcosts,267metrictonsofcarbondioxideemissions,and30,000gal-lons of gasoline.

The City purchased three fully electric vehicles in 2012. This purchase not only saves ongasandemissions,butservesasaneducationalshowpieceforourinnovativecommunity.

HYBRID AND ELECTRIC VEHICLE FLEETM

Strategic Initiatives & Data ManagementTransportation & Mobility

Project start and end date .............. 2010 to present

Upfront Cost .................................... $9,200approximateadditionalcost per hybrid vehicle

Total grant ...................................... $516,000

Funding Source ............................... ARRA and Puget Sound Clean Air Agency

Annual Fuel Savings ........................ 30,000 gallons

Annual Financial Savings ................ $90,000

Annual MTCO2e Reduction ............. 267 MTCO2e


Bellevue has a comprehensive approach to reducing vehicle trips in the community through commutetripreduction(CTR)programsatworksitesandoutreachtoemployeesandresi-dents.Largeemployers,with100ormoreemployeescommutingtoaworksiteinthe6am-9am peak period, are required per state laws and City ordinance to establish programs (BCC14.40).TheseemployersreceiveassistancefromtheCitythroughacontractwithKingCountyMetrotodevelopeffectiveprogramsandmeasureprogress.

ThebaseofworkersatsitesaffectedbytheCTRprogramhasexpanded.In2007/2008,therewere21,316workersat52sites(~15percentoftotalworkersintheCity).Duringthe2011/2012surveyperiod,therewere32,449workersat60affectedworksites(~24percentoftotalworkersintheCity).Therateofdrive-alonecommutingatthesesitesincreasedslightly,from63.2percentto63.9percent.Theaverage(one-way)vehiclemilestraveleddeclined from 11.4 to 10.9.

DowntownBellevuetripreductionprogramsareguidedbytheCity’sConnectDowntownplan. Small employers in Downtown who are not mandated to provide CTR programs for their employees can receive support though the voluntary Commute Advantage program. Sincelaunchingtheprograminlate2007,164employershavesubstantivelyengagedwiththeprogrambyattendingworkshopsorprivateconsultation,and72havestartedcommuteprogramsfortheiremployeesorsignificantlyenhancedtheirexistingcommuteprogram.Overall, one-third of workers in Downtown receive transit passes that are heavily or fully subsidizedbytheiremployers.Themostrecentmodesharemeasurement(2011)shows17percentofcommutetripstoDowntownoccurringviatransitandanadditional11percentby carpool and vanpool.

The City also started an online commute club, “Downtown Bellevue on the Move”, in 2011 for downtown workers and residents, in which they can log their non-drive-alone trips and earnrewards;anestimated120individualsshiftedtoanon-drive-alonemodeasaresultoftheprogram.Theproportionofdowntowncommuterswhodrivealonetoworkisat65percent in 2011, down from 71 percent in the 2005 measurement.

CitizensurveysconsistentlyshowstrongsupportamongBellevueresidentsforencouragingandfacilitatingincreaseduseoftransportationalternatives,suchasridingthebus,car-pooling, and vanpooling. The City maintains the ChooseYourWayBellevue.org website as a one-stopresourceforemployers,employees,andresidentstolearnabouttransportationoptionsandavailableresources.

TRANSPORTATION DEMAND MANAGEMENT PROGRAMSC

Program start and end date ................................ 2007topresent(CTRprogramforlargeemployersstartedin1993)

Annual CTR program cost, 2012 (Actual) ........... StateCTRgrantandCitystafftimeandoverhead($112,226)

Other TDM program costs, 2012 (Actual) ........... Cityfunds($245,268)+FederalCMAQfundsthroughKingCounty($77,779)+StateI-405constructionmitigationfundsthroughKingCounty($128,990)=$452,037

Cost per MTCO2e reduced , CTR program only ........ $5.87



Tripreductionimpact(CTRprogramsitesonly):

• Scopeofprogramexpandedfrom21,316employees(2007/2008)to32,449employees(2011/2012).

• Drive-alonecommuterateincreasedslightlyfrom63.2percent(2007/2008)to63.9

percent(2011/2012).

• Avarage one-way VMT declined from 11.4 to 10.9 miles.

• TotalannualGHGsavingsassociatedwithVMTreductions(adjustingfornumberofem-ployees)were19,123MTCO2ein2011/2012.

Electric vehicle technology is a promising new opportunity to reduce emissions from Bellev-ue’slargestsingleemissionssector–transportation.TheCityisworkinghardtoensurethatour community and region are “plug-in ready” as mass-produced electric vehicles increase theirpresenceinthemarket.Workingincollaborationwithalllevelsofgovernment,aswellasbusinesses,nonprofitsandcommunitymembers,Bellevueissupportingtheinstallationofchargingstationsthroughouttheregion,whichareenablingtheuseofthiscleanertechnol-ogy, including:

• Streamliningthepermittingprocessandreducingcoststohomeownersandbusinessesforinstallingchargingstations;

• Identifyingcodechangesnecessaryfortheinstallationofnewchargingstations; • InstallingpubliclyavailablechargingstationsatCityHallandmajorParksfacilities

(16todate); • Providingeducationaboutelectricvehicles,chargingstationsandthebenefitsof

thistechnology;

ELECTRIC VEHICLE INFRASTRUCTUREC

Units 2007/2008 2009/2010 2011/2012

Daily VMT per employee (one-way) 11.4 10.6 10.9

Daily GHG per employee 22.75 21.06 21.83

Total annual GHG emissions-All employees 65,886 66,408 79,176

Note: Emissions above do not include emissions from transit commuters.

VMT

Lbs CO2e

MTCO2e


• CoordinatingaregionalEVinfrastructurestrategywithneighboringcities, KingCounty,andthestate; • ProcuringelectricvehiclesforuseinCityfleets(3todate);and • Stay tuned to all developments in this emerging industry.

Bellevue has received direct funding for electric vehicle infrastructure from both the WesternWashingtonCleanCitiesCoalitionandEECBG.Withthisfunding,theCityhasinstalled16publicusechargingstationsat6differentmunicipallocations.Majorcontributionstoarobustchargingnetworkacrossnorthwesternstatesarebeingmadebyseveralotherentities,includingprivatebusinesses,ChargePointAmerica,andtheEV Project.

Program start and end date ................. November 2010 to October 2012

Cost ...................................................... $260,000grant

Funding Source ..................................... ARRA, Western Washington CleanCitiesCoalition,and Coulomb Technologies

Cumulative MTCO2e Reduction ............ 6.97 MTCO2e since March 2011 through October 2012


ExtensivelightingupgradestookplaceatRobinswoodTennisCenter,SouthBellevueCommunityCenter,NewportHillssportsfields,andHighlandCentersportsfields.Newlightingsystemsprovidehigherqualitylightwithfewerbulbsandlessspillage,savingmoneyandenergywhilesubstantiallyimprovingsportsfieldandrecreationalfacilities.

RECREATION FACILITY LIGHTING UPGRADESM

Strategic Initiatives & Data ManagementEnergy & Water

Project start date Robinswood Tennis Center ...... installed 8.25.10

SBCC ........................................ installed 8.25.10 Newport Hills .......................... installed 7.28.10 Highland Center ...................... installed 9.1.10Upfront Cost ................................... $350,000 Funding Source ............................... ARRA and Puget Sound Energy

Annual Fuel Savings........................ 335,000 kWh

Annual Financial Savings ............... $37,000

Annual MTCO2e Reduction ............ 232 MTCO2e Payback Period .............................. 9.4 yearsCost per MTCO2e reduced ............. $151(assuming10yearlifespan)


CITY HALL LIGHTING UPGRADES

Project start and end date ......................... September 2011 – November 2011

Total Cost (w/o incentives) ......................... $122,854

Funding Source .......................................... ARRA,$23,740grantfromPSE, andBellevueFacilitiesFund

Annual Energy Savings .............................. 118,883 kWh

Annual Financial Savings .......................... $8,591

Annual CO2 Reduction ............................... 76 MTCO2e

Payback Period .......................................... 14yearswithoututility incentives;11.5yearswith utilityincentives

Cost per MTCO2e reduced.......................... $162per(assuming10yearlifespan)

In2011,theCityreplacedlessefficientlampsintheparkinggarageandstairwellsofBellevueCityHall(manywhichburn24hoursaday)usingEECBGgrantfunds.

InemployeeparkinggarageP-1throughP-4,147newhi-lofixturesandlampsre-placedamixtureof147100WHPSand2L4’32Wfixtures.Thehi-lofixtureoperateswithoneF-17lampconstantlyon,andtwo32Wlampsstartingwhentheoccupancysensordetectsmotion.

Instairwells1-7,87new2LF-17hi-lofixturesandlampsreplaced812L4’32WT-8wall-mountedfixtures,andthree4L8’32WT-8wall-mountedfixtures.Six3L4’32WT-8ceiling-mountedfixtureswerereplacedwithsix(6)2L4’32WT-8ceilingmountedfixtures.ThesefixtureshavetwoF-17lamps,withoneconstantlyonandtheotherstartingwhenitdetectssound/motion.

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ENERGY STAR RATING FOR BELLEVUE CITY HALL

Certification dates ..................................... 2008, 2010

Total Cost .................................................... $5,000forinitialcertification, $1,000insubsequentyears

Total Financial Savings .............................. $186,175comparedtotheyear of2008(approx.$53,000per year)throughJune2012, adjustingforoutsideair temperature and rate changes

MTCO2e Reduction* ................................... 862 MTCO2e compared to the year of 2008, as of June 2012*CalculatedusingPortfolioManager

BellevueCityHallhastwiceearnedtheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency’s(EPA’s)pres-tigiousENERGYSTARin2008and2010.ENERGYSTARisthenationalsymbolforprotectingtheenvironmentthroughsuperiorenergyefficiency.EPA’sENERGYSTARenergyperfor-mancescalehelpsorganizationsassesshowefficientlytheirbuildingsuseenergyrelativetosimilarbuildingsnationwide.Abuildingthatscoresa75orhigheronEPA’s1-100scalemaybe eligible for the ENERGY STAR.

NotonlyhasCityHallearnedtheawardtwice,itisoutperformingmostbuildingsnation-wide.Ascoreof96meansCityHallisinthetopfourpercentofsimilarbuildingsnation-wide.Twenty-fivebuildingsarecurrentlycertifiedasENERGYSTARinBellevue.OnlythreecityhallsinWashingtonStatearecertified,andfourteenacrossthenation.

As of June 2012, Bellevue City Hall has reduced its total energy use 25.7 percent since the year ending December 2008!

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CITY HALL RATING

2007 2008* 2009 2010* 2011 2012*Certified

838789919697


TRAFFIC SIGNAL UPGRADES

RESOURCE CONSERVATION MANAGER PROGRAM

Bellevue’sTransportationDepartmenthasreplacedallincandescentlightbulbsintrafficsignalswithnewlight-emittingdiodes(LEDs),startingtheupgradein2001.

The savings to the City in costs, energy, and carbon dioxide emissions are some of the most impressiveofanymunicipalenergyefficiencyprojectstodate.

Savingsareexpectedtoaccumulateovertime.

TheResourceConservationManager(RCM)program,startedin2009,focusesonreducingenergyusethroughouttheCity’sfacilities,aswellaswaterconservationandwasteprevention.

As of April 2012, the RCM program reduced greenhouse gas emissions by 1,595 metric tons ofcarbondioxide(MTCO2e)comparedtothebaselineyearendingMarch2009.

SomeoftheenergyconservationprojectsthattheCityhasimplementedthusfarinclude:

• Upgradinglightingefficiencyandcontrol;

• Schedulingmechanicalequipmenttobettermatchoccupancy;

• Adjustinghotwatertemperaturesto120F;

• Installingvariablefrequencydrivesonpumpsandmotors;

• Reducingunnecessaryplugloads;

• Installinglow-flowwaterfixturessuchasshowerheadsandaerators;

• Educatingandengagingemployeesaboutenergyefficiency;

• HiringEnergyServicesPerformanceContractors(ESCO)toidentify furtherprojects,assistwithfinancing,andinstalltheprojects;and

• Reportingonperformance.

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Project start and end date ............. 2001 - 2012

Total cost ...................................... $493,000from2009to2012

Annual Financial Savings .............. $196,000(2012)

Annual MTCO2e Reduction*.......... 989 MTCO2e in 2012, a 95 percent reductioncomparedto2000

Simple Payback ............................. 2.6 years

Cost per MTCO2e reduced ............ $71(assuminga7-yearlifespan)

*uses base load eGrid emission factors


INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ENERGY EFFICIENCY

Program start and end date .............. April 2009 – April 2012

Total Cost ............................................ $88,389peryear

Funding Source ................................. PugetSoundEnergygrantof$28,000 peryear;cityenergybillsavings

Cumulative Energy Saving goal ............ 3,614,320kWh;80,407therms

Financial savings goal ......................... $180,500peryear,$345,920 cumulatively

MTCO2e Reduction goal ....................... 1,427MTCO2eperyear;2,740 MTCO2ecumulatively

Actual Energy Savings .......................... 3,345,670kWh;140,724therms

Actual Cost Savings .............................. $217,319annually,$391,971 cumulatively

Actual MTCO2e Reduction ................... 1,595 MTCO2e annually, 2,888 MTCO2ecumulatively

Cost per MTCO2e reduced .................... $60(includesoffsetofPSEgrant)

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Inwinterof2007,theCityinstalledtheNightwatchmansoftwarethatpowersdownCitymonitorsandCPUsatmidnight.TheResourceConservationManagerprogramandtheITChangeAdvisoryBoardchangedthissettingto10p.m.(previouslyitwasmidnight)inthesummer of 2010 and implemented Nightwatchman for laptops. IT also assisted in imple-mentedsleepmodeformonitorsaftertenminutesofinactivityinlate2010.

AllCitycomputersareratedasENERGYSTAR.Computersboughtinthefuture(asof2010)bytheCitywillbeElectronicProductEnvironmentalAssessmentTool(EPEAT)Gold-rated(HPstandard)andRestrictionoftheuseofcertainHazardousSubstances(RoHS)compli-ant—which are high environmental standards for toxicity, materials, and energy use in electronics.Multi-FunctionDevices(MFPs)leasedbytheCityarealsoENERGYSTAR-rated.

Inaddition,IThasagoalofvirtualizingitsserversfromthecurrent30to40percentvirtu-alization(approximately60servers)to70to85percentvirtualization(approximately100moreservers).Currently60percentofserversarevirtualized(asofMarch2012).Virtualiz-ingserversmeansreducingtheamountofhardware(andinfrastructure)neededtosupportthesamefilestorage.ThisreducesenergyconsumptioninDataCentersbyupto30percentfor each server replaced.


GREEN BUILDING

Start date and end date .............................. 2007

Annual cost ................................................. $5,197/year

Energy savings ............................................ 94,448 kWh/ year

Financial savings ........................................... $6,826/year

MTCO2e Savings........................................... 60 MTCO2e/ year

Cost per MTCO2e reduced ........................... $86.61

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Bellevue’sGreenTeamstartedasamultidepartmentalteamwithexpertiseingreenbuildingsandsustainabledevelopment.CitystaffmemberswhoareLEEDAPcertifiedandtrainedinLowImpactDevelopment(LID)practicesareprovidingreviewofcurrentbuild-ingcodesforalignmentwithbestpracticesforbothLIDandgreenbuilding.DevelopmentServicesstaffencouragegreenerdevelopmentinBellevuebyprovidingaccesstoresources,knowledgeable support, and expert review of green building projects.

In 2012, there were 22 projects in the City of Bellevue that have been awarded LEED cer-tification,and24projectsthathadregisteredforLEEDcertification.LEEDCertificationisexpectedtogrowastheCity’scapacitytosupport,incentivize,andmarkettheseprojectscontinuestoincrease.

TheCityhaspursuedgreenbuildingfeaturesatCityHall(ENERGYSTAR-certified)andtheMercerSloughEnvironmentalEducationCenter(LEEDGold-certified)andinstalledgreenroofsattheLakeHillsRangerStationandLewisCreekPark.TheBellevueBotanicalGardensVisitorCenteriscurrentlyplannedforamajorrenovationandwillalsolikelyincorporategreenfeaturessuchasagreenroofandday-lighting.TheCityofBellevueplanstocontinuetopursuecost-effectivegreenbuildingfeatureswhenconstructingorrenovatingfacilities.Studiesshowthatthesebuildingsprovidecostsavingsovertheirlifetimeandarehealthierplaces to work and live.


HOME ENERGY REPORTS

Project start and end date ...................... November 2010 to present

Upfront Cost ........................................... $350,000

Funding Source ...................................... ARRAandPSE($175,000each)

Annual Energy Savings ........................... TBD

Annual Financial Savings ........................ $38.18perBellevuehousehold;$4.2 million for all eastside households

Annual MTCO2e Reduction...................... 7,076 MTCO2e

Cost per MTCO2e reduced....................... $49(assumingoneyearlifespanof behaviorchange)

Nearly 35,000 Bellevue residents received free Home Energy Reports showing how their energy use compares with similar-sized homes in their neighborhood. The Home EnergyReports,senttonearly100,000homesontheEastside,offerparticipantsanenvironmentallyfriendlywayto“beattheJoneses.”Inadditiontocomparingenergyuse,thereportsoffertipsforcuttinghouseholdconsumptionofgasandelectricity.Eastside residents who received the reports responded to the comparison challenge and cut their use. Altogether, over the course of the 14-month program, residents savedmorethan$4.2millionontheirelectricityandgasbills.

Inadditiontosavingmoney,participantsinBellevue,Kirkland,Issaquah,MercerIsland,Redmond,Renton,andSammamishcollectivelyhaveavertedmorethan15.6millionpoundsofcarbondioxideemissionsandsaved9.3gigawatthoursand1.3millionthermsofenergy.Thisisroughlyequivalenttotaking801homesoffthegridforayear,or1,360carsofftheroadforayear.

Acrossallcities,an800percentreturnoninvestmentwasseenwiththeaveragehomesavingabout$45.Bellevuealoneaverted4.5millionpoundsofcarbondioxideemissions,theequivalentoftaking389carsofftheroadforoneyear.Bellevuehouseholdsreceivingthereportsaresavinganaverageof$38inenergycostspermonth,whileeachhomeenergyreportcosttheCity$5toproduce.

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WATER CONSERVATION PROGRAM

Program Start and End Date ................ Bellevue’swaterconservation programbeganin1987;current waterconservationgoalwas established in 2007.

Funding source .................................... Water fund

Goal ..................................................... Achieve 355,000 gallons per day (gpd)insavingsbytheendofthesix-yearperiod(2008–2013).

This translates to an average of 59,000 gpd of new saving each year.

Water savings ........................................ 566,453 gpd from Jan 2008- Dec 2011

In2011,Bellevuesuppliedover5.73billiongallonsofwatertoapopulationof123,400,withadaytimeworkforcethatincreasesthepopulationto130,900.Bellevue’swatersystem is fully metered. The City does its part to conserve by:

1.Minimizingwaterlosscausedbyleaksthroughoutitsdistributionsystem. Distributionsystemleakageorwaterlosswas8.7percentoftotalconsumption in 2011, below the Washington State standard of 10 percent.

2.Offeringwaterefficiencyprogramstoencouragecustomerstoconservethrough the City’s partnership with Cascade Water Alliance.

Conservationprogramsseektoreduceindoorandoutdoorwaterusebypromotinghighefficiencyplumbingfixtures,appliances,andirrigationtechnologies,aswellasleakdetectionandrepair.

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WATER CONSERVATION SAVINGS JAN 2008 - DEC 2011

Toilets & Urinals

Showerheads & Faucet Aerators

ToiletLeakDetection

Commercial Kitchens

Clothes Washers

Irrigation

TOTAL

30%

23%

26%

10%

10%

1%

566,453 gpd


SUNSHOT INITIATIVE FOR SOLAR ENERGY

Program Start ....................................... 2012

Funding source ....................................... Federal Department of Energy Grant,in-kindlaborcontributionof $10,000fromBellevuestaff

Grant amount ....................................... $523,800(Bellevue’sshareofthe grantis$65,000)

TheDepartmentofEnergyislaunchinganationwideefforttomakesolarenergymoreaccessibleandaffordable,increasedomesticsolardeployment,andpositiontheU.S.as a leader in the rapidly-growing global solar market.

TheSunShotinitiative’sgoalistocutredtape—streamliningandstandardizingpermitting,zoning,metering,andconnectionprocesses—andimprovefinanceop-tionstoreducebarriersandlowercostsforresidentialandsmallcommercialroof-top solar systems.

TheWashingtonStateDepartmentofCommerceteamreceived$523,800tocreateanonlinepermittingsystem,shortenpermittingprocessingturnaroundtimes,andfixfeesthroughthiseffort.Theteamisworkingtoeliminatetheuseofexternaldisconnectswitchesandwillliftsystemsizeandprogramcapacitylimits.DOEwillaward$12Millionto22teamsnationwidetohelpreducebarriersandserveasmodelsforothercommunities.

The Washington State Department of Commerce team includes the following partner organizations:CitiesofSeattle,Bellevue,Edmonds,andEllensburg;NorthwestSEED;SolarWA;ThurstonEnergy;SustainableConnections;andservingpowerutilities.

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InApril2008,theCitypassedadouble-sidedprintingpolicyforallblackandwhiteprinters/copiers in City Hall. This reduced the number of prints by 17 percent between April2008andMarch2009.Theoverallsavingsduetothereductioninpaperusagewas$7,797inthatyear.

Otherpaper-reductioninitiativesincludee-billingforcustomers,firestationseliminat-ing paper dispatch records, and employees receiving paperless paychecks.

TheCityofBellevue,ledbytheFinanceDepartmentandtheResourceConservationTeam,madeagoaltoreducepaperuseby5percentin2010.Througheducation,copierconsolidation,andmorescanningoptions,Bellevueemployeesreducedpapercopies by more than 10 percent in 2010, and reduced prints by another 11 percent in 2011 below 2010.

PAPER USE REDUCTIONM

Cost savings .................................... $81,203inprintingandpapercosts (2010);$27,350.39(2011compared to2010)

Paper savings .................................. 1.2millionsheets(2010);556,500 sheets(2011comparedto2010)

MTCO2e savings ............................. 7.6 MTCO2e compared to base year of 2009

Strategic Initiatives & Data ManagementMaterials Management & Waste


IN-HOUSE RECYCLING PROGRAM

RESIDENTIAL HOUSEHOLD HAZARDOUS WASTE PROGRAM

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TheCityofBellevuehasarobustrecyclingandcompostingprogramatCityHall,theBellevueServiceCenter,firestations,andcommunitycenters.Inaddition,foodwastecompostingisavailableatfirestations.Regularcommingledrecyclingrateis37per-centbutdoesnotincludeallspecially-collecteditemsbelow(2011data):

TechnoTrash(e.g.,electronicmedia,cases,videoandaudiotapes,smallcomputerac-cessories,andcords):ContainersincopyroomsatCityHallandloadingdocksatCityHall and BSC collect 480 lbs. annually.

BatteryRecyclingatCityHallandBSC: Alkaline .............998 pounds Ni Cd .................303 pounds Lithium Ion .......4 pounds Lead Acid ..........173 pounds

Styrofoam 5-7timesayear,avanloadisdeliveredtoV&GStyrorecycler.

InkCartridge InadditiontoinkcartridgerecyclinghandledbyCityprocurement,ECCORecyclerspickup30+cartridgesaboutevery6-8weeks.

Lids Collected280lbs.ofrigidplasticlidsinlunchroomsanddeliveredto AVEDA for recycling.

Organics Diverted60.56tonsoforganicsfromthelandfillin2011fromninefireStations,CityHall,BSC,NBCC,SBCC,andMercerSlough.

OutreachandeducationareprovidedtoBellevueresidentsregardingproperrecyclingor disposal of common household items that contain hazardous materials such as arsenic, lead, mercury or other poison. Targeted items include computers, televisions, batteries,cellphones,fluorescentlights,usedmotoroil,andunwantedmedicine.Lesstoxicalternativesarepromoted,whereappropriate(i.e.,greencleaningrecipes).TheCityofBellevuepartneredwith16localbusinessestoprovideconvenientlocationsforresidents to recycle used motor oil or household hazardous waste.


RESIDENTIAL RECYCLING PROGRAM

Start date ......................................... Single-family recycling program began in1989,andthemultifamilyprogram began in 1993.

Tons of waste generated (2011) ...... 62,332 tons of waste (residentialandmultifamily)

Tons diverted (2011) ........................ 34,703 tons of waste diverted from thelandfillin2011(residentialand multifamilyonly)

In 2011, Bellevue’s robust single-family residents recycled 67.7 percent of their waste, whichincludesorganics;multifamilyandcommercialtenantsrecycled24.3percentoftheir waste. Overall, Bellevue diverted 39 percent of garbage to recycling or compost-ingin2011(includingcommercial).

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CONTAINS MERCURY 2006 – DEFINITELY/PROBABLY 2010 – DEFINITELY/PROBABLY

Thermostats 52% 69%

FluorescentLightBulbs 36% 51%

Computers 39% 51%

Program Start and End Date ................ 1993 through present

Funding Source .................................... Washington State Department of EcologyCoordinatedPrevention Grant and King County Local Hazardous Waste Management Program Grant

Annual Outcomes ............................... Consistent annual used motor oil recycling rate above 80 percent. Batteryrecyclingeventscollected 3,304 pounds of lead acid and 3,542 pounds of alkaline in 2011.

RESIDENTS’ AWARENESS OF PRODUCTS THAT CONTAIN HAZARDOUS MATERIALS ANDNEEDSPECIALHANDLING(2006;2010)


BUSINESS WASTE REDUCTION & RECYCLING EDUCATION & TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE

Program Start Date ................................. 1991throughpresent;commercial recyclingofferedasacontract service by the City of Bellevue in 2004, but private services have been available for decades.

Funding Source ........................................ KingCountyWasteReduction and Recycling Grant and Solid Waste fund.

Annual Outcomes* ............................... 13,560 tons of waste diverted fromthelandfillin2011.Assistance provided to a minimum of 100 businesses each year.

*Incompleteinformationtodeterminecommercialrecyclingratebecausebusinessesmay choose any hauler for recycling. Only Allied Waste is contractually obligated to report tonnage to the City.

TheCityofBellevueprovideswastepreventionandrecyclingassistancetoBellevuebusinesses and property managers through targeted outreach and onsite technical support. The Bellevue business community consists of approximately 10,000 businesses and 130,000 employees. Bellevue businesses consistently rank among theBestWorkplacesforWasteReductionandRecyclinginKingCounty.In2011,20Bellevue businesses were awarded Best Workplaces for Recycling and Waste ReductioninKingCounty.

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TheCityprovideseducationandoutreachonpollutionpreventionbestmanagementpracticestoBellevuebusinessestohelpthemcomplywithCitycoderequirements.Assistance includes brochures, posters, ads, and onsite technical assistance.

The City also marks storm drains on private property with the message, “Don’t Pollute, DrainstoStream”afterobtainingwrittenpermissionfrompropertyowners.TheCitymarkedall15,000+ofitspublicstormdrainswiththispermanentmessage,educatingthe public and reducing pollutants entering Bellevue waterways via public drains from non-pointsources.The4-inch,colorfulplasticmarkersprovedtobehighlyvisibleandare expected to last up to 15 years.

CoalCreekWatershedresidentsweresentinformationandapledgecardpromotingBMPsforstormwaterpollutionprevention(carwashing,petwaste,andnaturalyardcare)andtoolstopromotethedesiredbehaviorsweresenttothosewhopledged.ElevenpercentreturnedthepledgecardfromCoalCreekandfivepercentofKelseyCreekresidentsreturnedtheirpledge(overthreepercentisconsideredfantastic).

POLLUTION PREVENTION EDUCATION AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCEC

Strategic Initiatives & Data ManagementEcosystems & Open Spaces


STREAM TEAM STORMWATER PROGRAM

Start date ................................... 1988

Funding source ........................... Stormwater fees

Goal/ outcome ........................... Stream Team has about 150 volunteers who donate an average of 700 volunteer hours per year. Volunteers make over 700 stream visits per yearmonitoringforfishandsamplingstreambugs.Inaddition,over3,000studentshaveengagedinStream Team programs.

The Stream Team Mission is to increase community awareness about stormwater issuesthroughmultiplemethodsofoutreachandprovideopportunitiesforcommunityinvolvementbyinvitingcitizenstohelpmonitorandrestorelocalstreams.Theresultoftheseeffortsisinformedcitizenswhoappreciateournaturalresources,arestewardsofourlo-calwaterways,andhelpspreadinformationthroughoutthecommunity.TheStreamTeamProgram has several goals that are achieved through a variety of programs about salmon, streams, and other stormwater topics. The goals are to:

• Provideinformation

• Increase community awareness

• Increase community involvement

• Initiatechangesthatwillprotectwaterqualityandhabitat

• Preventpollution

• Complywithexternalfederalandstateregulationsandrecommendations, includingNPDES(NationalPollutionDischargeEliminationSystem),WRIA8 (WatershedResourceInventoryArea8alsoknownastheCedar/Sammamish/Lake WashingtonWatershed),andtheEndangeredSpeciesAct

• ProvideservicesconsistentwiththeUtilitiesStrategicPlan,theCityofBellevueCompre- hensivePlan,andBellevue’sCoreValues(asmeasuredbyperformanceindicators)

StreamTeamvolunteersgatherimportantinformationaboutBellevue’sstreams,lakes,andwetlandsandhelpimprovetheCity’sfishandwildlifehabitatinavarietyofways: • SalmonWatcher:monitorlocalstreamsforsalmonreturninginthefall,visitingasite for15minutestwiceaweekfromSeptemberthroughDecemberandreportingwhen, whereandwhattypeofsalmonaresighted.Attendtwo-hourworkshopinSeptember.

• Peamouth Patrol: check local streams for 15 minutes twice a week from mid-April throughMay.RecordspawningtimesanduseofBellevuestreams.Attendone-hour workshop in April.

• EarthDay/ArborDay:Plantnativeplantsnearstreamsandinwetlands.

• Collect insect samples from Bellevue streams for water quality monitoring.

Inadditiontothevolunteerefforts,StreamTeamprovidesoutreachprogramsrangingfrompresentationsforschoolsaboutourlocalsalmonandstreams,tostaffingdisplaysatpubliceventsandworkingoneducationalsignageontopicslikepreventingpollution.

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NATURAL YARD CARE PROGRAM

TheNaturalYardCare(NYC)programprovideseducationandhow-to-resourcestoBellev-uehomeownersonyardcarebestmanagementpracticestoencourageyardcarebehaviorchange to conserve and protect water resources, reduce yard waste, and enhance public health.ThedesiredbehaviorchangescorrelatedirectlywiththefivestepsofNYC:1)buildhealthysoil,2)plantrightforyoursite,3)practicesmartwatering,4)thinktwicebeforeus-ingpesticides,and5)practicenaturallawncare.

NYCpracticesarepromotedthroughseasonalNYCworkshopsandtheCity’scommunica-tionavenues.ANYCworkshopserieswassuccessfullyheldatBellevueCityHallinspring2011. Homeowners from the Coal Creek watershed and the Factoria neighborhood area wereinvitedtoparticipate,buttheworkshopswereopentoallinterestedhomeowners.Atotalof90homesparticipatedinthe5workshops.Theprogramearnedanoverallsatisfac-tionratingof98percent,with88percentoftheparticipantspledgingtoimplementtheNYC techniques they learned.

NYCtipsandresourcesareregularlyfeaturedinBellevue’sIt’sYourCitynewspaperandonthe City’s website. A popular resource is the City’s Natural Gardening series which includes a seasonal gardening calendar and guides on the following topics: garden design, choosing therightplants;lawnalternatives;lawncare;soilbuilding;mulching;fertilizing;compost-ingfoodandyarddebris;efficientwatering;andnaturalpest,weed,anddiseasecontrol.The guides are also available through workshops, City Hall, and the Bellevue Botanical Garden. Approximately 3,500 printed guides were distributed in 2011.

NYCpracticesarealsomodeledandpromotedthroughtheCity’sWaterwiseGardenat the Bellevue Botanical Garden. Community volunteers donated approximately 550 hours in 2011, working in the garden while learning more about Waterwise plants and naturalcarepractices.

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Program Start and End Date ........... 2003 to present

Funding source ................................ Water fund, Washington State Department of Ecology Coordinated PreventionGrant,andagrantfrom the Local Hazardous Waste Management Program of King County

Outcomes ........................................ In2011,workshopattendeeswere askedtosignapledgetotakeaction on natural yard care. A pledge rate of 88 percent was achieved for the spring series. Research shows workshop attendeeswillsharenaturalyardcare informationandpracticeswith5-7 additionalpeople,extendingthereach of the program.

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