CITY OF SOUTHFIELD FIRE AND POLICE RETIREMENT SYSTEM · 8-10 Retired Life Data 11-12 Active Member...

C I T Y O F S O U T H F I E L D F I R E A N D P O L I C E R E T I R E M E N T S Y S T E M

6 3 R D A C T U A R I A L V A L U A T I O N R E P O R T

A S O F J U N E 3 0 , 2 0 1 5

City of Southfield Fire and Police Retirement System

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Section Page -- Introduction

A Valuation Results

1-2 Computed Contributions 3 Valuation Assets and Unfunded Actuarial Accrued Liability 4 Derivation of Experience Gain (Loss) 5 Summary Statement of System Resources and Obligations 6-9 Comparative Statements 10-11 Comments 12 Other Observations

B Summary of Benefit Provisions and Valuation Data

1-7 Summary of Benefit Provisions 8-10 Retired Life Data 11-12 Active Member Data 13-14 Asset Information 15 Derivation of Reserve for Inflation Equity

C Summary of Actuarial Cost Methods and Assumptions

1 Actuarial Cost Methods 2-6 Actuarial Assumptions 7 Miscellaneous and Technical Assumptions

D Operation of the Retirement System

1-2 Financial Objective 3 Financing Diagram 4 Flow of Money 5-6 Glossary

Appendix 1

Actuarial Funding Policy

Appendix 2

Risk Measures

November 17, 2015 The Retirement Board City of Southfield

Fire and Police Retirement System Southfield, Michigan Dear Board Members: The results of the 63rd Annual Actuarial Valuation of the City of Southfield Fire and Police Retirement System are presented in this report. The purpose of the valuation was to measure the System's funding progress and to determine the employer contribution rate for the ensuing fiscal year. A separate report will be issued to provide actuarial information for the Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB) Statements No. 67 and No. 68. This report was prepared at the request of the Board and is intended for use by the Retirement System and those designated or approved by the Board. This report may be provided to parties other than the Retirement System only in its entirety and only with permission of the Board. This report should not be relied upon for any purpose other than those described above. The valuation was based upon information, furnished by the City, concerning Retirement System benefits, financial transactions, individual active members, terminated members, retirees and beneficiaries. Data was checked for internal and year-to-year consistency, but was not otherwise audited. We are not responsible for the accuracy or completeness of the information provided by the City. This information is summarized in Section B. The date of the valuation was June 30, 2015.

Future actuarial measurements may differ significantly from the current measurements presented in this report due to such factors as the following: plan experience differing from that anticipated by the economic and demographic assumptions; changes in economic or demographic assumptions; increases or decreases expected as part of the natural operation of the methodology used for these measurements; and changes in plan provisions or applicable law. This report does not contain an analysis of the potential range of such future measurements. Your attention is directed to valuation results, comments, conclusions, and recommendations contained in Section A. To the best of our knowledge, this report is complete and accurate and was conducted in accordance with standards of practice prescribed by the Actuarial Standards Board and in compliance with the provisions of Act 345, as amended. It is our opinion that the actuarial assumptions used for the valuation are reasonable.

The Retirement Board November 17, 2015 Page 2 Judith A. Kermans and Jeffrey T. Tebeau are Members of the American Academy of Actuaries (MAAA) and meet the Qualification Standards of the American Academy of Actuaries to render the actuarial opinion contained herein. The signing actuaries are independent of the plan sponsor. Respectfully submitted,

Judith A. Kermans, EA, FCA, MAAA Jeffrey T. Tebeau, ASA, MAAA JAK/JTT:dj 239

SECTION A

VA L U AT I O N R E S U LT S

City of Southfield Fire and Police Retirement System A-1

FUNDING OBJECTIVE

The funding objective of the Retirement System is to establish and receive contributions, expressed as

percents of active member payroll, which will remain approximately level from year-to-year and will

accumulate sufficient assets during each member's period of active service to finance benefits

payable throughout retirement.

CONTRIBUTION RATES

The Retirement System is supported by member contributions, City contributions and investment

income from Retirement System assets.

Contributions which satisfy the funding objective are determined by the annual actuarial valuation and

are sufficient to:

(1) Cover the actuarial present value of benefits allocated to the current year by the

actuarial cost method described in Section C (the normal cost); and

(2) Finance over a period of future years the actuarial present value of benefits not

covered by valuation assets and anticipated future normal costs (unfunded actuarial

accrued liability).

Computed contribution rates for the fiscal year beginning July 1, 2016 are shown on page A-2.

PUBLIC ACT 728 CERTIFICATION

The Board of Trustees of the City of Southfield Fire and Police Retirement System confirms that the

System provides for payment of the required employer contribution as described in Section 20m of

Michigan Public Act No. 728.


CONTRIBUTIONS TO PROVIDE BENEFITS

FISCAL YEAR BEGINNING JULY 1, 2016

Contributions for

Normal Cost of Benefits:

Age & service 17.10%

Disability 1.62

Death before retirement 0.21

Refunds of member contributions 0.07

Expenses 1.50

Total 20.50

Member Contributions (weighted avg.) 2.30

Employer Normal Cost 18.20

Unfunded Actuarial Accrued Liabilities* 12.79

Computed Employer Rate 30.99%

Contributions Expressed as

%'s of Active Member Payroll

* Unfunded Actuarial Accrued Liabilities were amortized as a level percent-of-payroll over a closed period of 22 years

(starting period of 25 years). Includes the effects of the lag between the valuation date and the contribution period.

DETERMINING EMPLOYER DOLLAR CONTRIBUTIONS

For any period of time, the percent-of-payroll contribution rate needs to be converted to dollars and then

contributed to the Retirement System. The established procedure is to contribute bi-weekly, as follows:

(a) Bi-weekly covered payroll for all active members.

(b) Employer contribution rate.

(c) Gross contribution dollars: (a) x (b).

The projected employer dollar contribution based on the payroll information provided for the valuation,

adjusted to reflect assumed payroll increases between the valuation date and the fiscal year for which

the contributions are being determined, is $6,237,904.


In financing the actuarial accrued liabilities, the valuation assets of $198,055,557 were distributed as

shown below. Please see pages B-13 and B-14 for information concerning the development of

valuation assets.

Present Valuation Assets Applied to

Member Retired

Accrued Life Contingency

Reserves for Liabilities Liabilities Reserve Totals

Employees' Contributions 11,455,281$ -$ $0 11,455,281$

Employer Contributions 51,081,662 0 0 51,081,662

Retired Benefit Payments 0 133,403,324 0 133,403,324

Pension Total 62,536,943$ 133,403,324$ $0 195,940,267$

Retiree Health Insurance Fund 0

Reserves for Inflation Equity 2,115,290

Grand Total 198,055,557$

Pension Assets were applied against actuarial accrued liabilities in determining Unfunded Actuarial

Accrued Liabilities as follows:

Retired Active

Lives Members* Totals

Computed Actuarial

Accrued Liabilities 133,403,324$ $ 98,205,041 $231,608,365

Applied Assets 133,403,324 62,536,943 195,940,267

Unfunded Actuarial

Accrued Liabilities $ none $ 35,668,098 $ 35,668,098 * Includes terminated members who are vested.


DERIVATION OF EXPERIENCE GAIN (LOSS)

YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 2015

Actual experience will never (except by coincidence) coincide exactly with assumed experience. It is hoped

that gains and losses will cancel each other over a period of years, but sizable year-to-year fluctuations are

common. Detail on the derivation of the experience gain (loss) is shown below, along with a year-by-year

comparative schedule.

(1) UAAL* at start of year 32,471,631$

(2) Total normal cost from last valuation 3,828,113

(3) Actual employer and employee contributions 6,399,956

(4) Interest Accrual: [ (1) + ((2) - (3)) / 2] x 7.75% 2,416,892

(5) Expected UAAL before changes: (1) + (2) - (3) + (4) 32,316,680

(6) Change due to benefit changes 0

(7) Change due to revised actuarial assumptions / methods 0

(8) Expected UAAL after changes: (5) + (6) + (7) 32,316,680

(9) Actual UAAL at end of year 35,668,098

(10) Gain (Loss): (8) - (9) (3,351,418)$

(11) Gain (Loss) as percent of actuarial accrued

liabilities at start of year ($225,157,311) (1.5)%

* Unfunded Actuarial Accrued Liabilities.

Experience Gain (Loss)

Valuation Date as % of Beginning

June 30, Accrued Liability

2011 (6.8)%

2012 (6.7)%

2013 0.7 %

2014 2.6 %

2015 (1.5)%


SUMMARY STATEMENT OF SYSTEM RESOURCES AND OBLIGATIONS

PENSION ONLY

JUNE 30, 2015

A. Present valuation assets:

1. Market value of assets 194,402,296$

2. Reserve for inflation equity 2,115,290

3. Actuarial adjustment 1,537,971

4. Valuation assets 198,055,557

B. Actuarial present value of expected future

contributions:

1. For normal costs 27,060,030

2. For unfunded actuarial accrued liability 35,668,098

3. Total 62,728,128

C. Total Present and Expected Future Resources 260,783,685$

A. To retirees and beneficiaries:

1. Current benefits 133,403,324$

2. Reserve for inflation equity 2,115,290

3. Total 135,518,614

B. To vested terminated members 676,345

C. To present active members:

1. Allocated to service rendered prior to

valuation date - actuarial accrued liability 97,528,696

2. Allocated to service likely to be

rendered after valuation date 27,060,030

3. Total 124,588,726

D. Total Actuarial Present Value of Expected

Future Benefit Payments 260,783,685$

Present Resources and Expected Future Resources

Actuarial Present Value of Expected Future Benefit Payments


COMPUTED EMPLOYER CONTRIBUTIONS

COMPARATIVE STATEMENT

Active Per

No. Retired No.

1996 256 1.7 $ 15.6 $60,886 5.5% 153 $ 4.9 31.7% 1997 17.91% 9.80% 27.71%

1997 * 264 1.6 15.9 60,278 (1.0) 159 5.2 32.6 1998 15.25 8.95 24.20

1998 265 1.6 16.6 62,535 3.7 164 5.4 32.7 1999 13.27 8.42 21.69

1999 # 263 1.5 16.9 64,603 3.3 173 5.7 33.4 2000 12.85 8.24 21.09

2000 *# 262 1.4 17.9 68,153 5.5 189 7.0 39.2 2001 13.86 8.56 22.42

2001 261 1.3 18.4 70,360 3.2 197 7.3 39.6 2002 14.20 8.63 22.83

2002 262 1.3 19.1 72,961 3.7 198 7.2 37.7 2003 15.39 N/A 15.39

2003 *# 259 1.3 19.6 75,556 3.6 204 7.5 38.3 2004 17.55 N/A 17.55

2004 *# 263 1.3 20.4 77,698 2.8 209 7.6 37.2 2005 17.57 N/A 17.57

2005 *# 257 1.1 19.6 76,107 (2.0) 233 8.8 44.7 2006 16.55 N/A 16.55

2006 253 1.0 19.8 78,366 3.0 247 9.3 47.0 2007 16.30 N/A 16.30

2007 256 1.0 20.1 78,705 0.4 252 9.5 47.2 2008 13.54 N/A 13.54

2008 253 1.0 21.2 83,623 6.2 257 9.7 45.9 2009 13.32 N/A 13.32

2009 250 0.9 20.9 83,669 0.1 264 10.2 48.9 2010 15.94 N/A 15.94

2010 245 0.9 20.7 84,416 0.9 276 10.8 52.1 2011 20.95 N/A 20.95

2011 *# 235 0.8 19.7 83,733 (0.8) 287 11.3 57.2 2012 26.68 N/A 26.68

2012 * 225 0.8 19.0 84,270 0.6 295 11.7 61.5 2013 30.41 N/A 30.41

2013 *# 222 0.7 18.8 84,772 0.6 301 11.9 63.4 2014 31.68 N/A 31.68

2014 *# 214 0.7 18.5 86,227 1.7 308 12.4 67.0 2015 29.28 N/A 29.28

2015 211 0.7 18.6 88,200 2.3 318 13.0 69.6 2016 30.99 N/A 30.99

Employer Contributionsas Payroll Percents

Health TotalPension

ValuationDate

June 30 % of Pay July 1$ Millions Average $ Millions% Incr.

BeginningValuation PayrollActive Members

Annual BenefitsRetirees and Beneficiaries Fiscal Year

* Revised actuarial assumptions or methods. # Retirement System amended.


ACTUARIAL ACCRUED LIABILITIES AND VALUATION ASSETS

COMPARATIVE STATEMENT

Unfunded

Actuarial Actuarial Ratio of Ratio of

Valuation Accrued Valuation Accrued Present UAAL to

Date Liability (AAL) Assets Liability (UAAL) Assets Valuation

June 30 ($ Millions) ($ Millions) ($ Millions) to AAL Payroll

1996 $ 107.8 $ 123.8 $ (16.0) 114.8% - %

1997 * 114.4 139.0 (24.6) 121.5 -

1998 119.6 157.1 (37.5) 131.4 -

1999 # 128.0 175.9 (47.9) 137.4 -

2000 *# 141.4 184.4 (43.0) 130.4 -

2001 146.4 186.6 (40.2) 127.5 -

2002 150.8 183.6 (32.8) 121.8 -

2003 *# 164.3 177.3 (13.0) 107.9 -

2004 *# 170.2 177.4 (7.2) 104.2 -

2005 *# 172.3 178.0 (5.7) 103.3 -

2006 178.2 184.0 (5.8) 103.3 -

2007 183.7 197.0 (13.3) 107.2 -

2008 194.2 208.8 (14.6) 107.5 -

2009 195.5 202.6 (7.1) 103.6 -

2010 200.1 192.2 7.9 96.1 38.2

2011 *# 206.4 183.0 23.4 88.7 118.9

2012 * 211.8 174.2 37.6 82.3 198.2

2013 * 220.7 181.3 39.4 82.2 209.1

2014 *# 225.2 192.7 32.5 85.6 176.0

2015 231.6 195.9 35.7 84.6 191.7

* Revised actuarial assumptions or methods. # Retirement System amended.

The Ratio of Valuation Assets to AAL is a traditional measure of a System's funding progress. Except

in years when the system is amended or actuarial assumptions are revised, this ratio can be expected to

gradually tend toward 100%.

The Ratio of UAAL to Valuation Payroll is another relative index of condition. Unfunded actuarial

accrued liabilities represent debt, while active member payroll represents the System's capacity to

collect contributions to pay toward debt. The lower the ratio, the greater the financial strength - and

vice-versa.


0

50

100

150

200

250

96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15

$ M

illion

s

Valuation Year

ASSETS AND ACCRUED LIABILITIES

Valuation Assets Total Actuarial Accrued Liability


0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15

Valuation Year

ACTIVE AND RETIRED MEMBERS

Active Members

Retirees and Beneficiaries

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15

% o

f P

ay

roll

Valuation Year

BENEFITS AND PENSION CONTRIBUTION RATES

AS A PERCENT OF PAYROLL

Benefits Pension Contribution Rate


COMMENTS

STATUS The Retirement System is 84.6% funded based on the Funding Value of assets and 83.9% based on the Market Value of assets. Both ratios have decreased since the 2014 valuation. RETIREMENT SYSTEM EXPERIENCE Overall, fund experience was less favorable than assumed during the year ending June 30, 2015, producing a total experience loss of approximately $3.4 million. The $3.4 million total loss was comprised of a $2.1 million loss due to less than assumed investment returns on the Funding Value of assets and a $1.3 million loss attributed to member experience during the year (members retiring, salary increases, mortality experience, etc.). The Market Value rate of return during the fiscal year ending June 30, 2015 was 1.50% for the pension only fund value (excluding assets attributable to RIE) which is less than the assumed rate of 7.75%. A portion of the investment loss was recognized in this valuation along with the recognition of deferred portions of the investment gains and losses that occurred during the previous three fiscal years. The net result of this year’s Market Value loss and carryover gains and losses from prior years is a net loss of $2.1 million (noted above) and a recognized rate of return on the funding value of assets of 6.65%. ASSET SMOOTHING Under the asset valuation method, gains and losses are spread over a 5-year period (4-year period for gains and losses before June 30, 2012). As of June 30, 2015, the Funding Value of assets is approximately $1.5 million more than the Market Value. Continued recognition of investment losses from this year and prior years will put upward pressure on contribution rates in the next valuation absent investment gains in Fiscal Year 2016. ASSUMPTION/METHOD AND BENEFIT CHANGES There were no Plan changes implemented between July 1, 2014 and June 30, 2015. The payment for the Unfunded Actuarial Accrued Liabilities now includes an additional component that accounts for the effects of the lag between the valuation date and when the contribution is made. This calculation assumes the contributions that would be received in fiscal year 2016 are equal to the contributions (as a percent of payroll) developed in the valuation as of June 30, 2014.


COMMENTS (CONCLUDED) LOOKING AHEAD The System is due for an Experience Study for the period July 1, 2010 through June 30, 2015 based on a 5-year schedule. The actuarial assumptions and methods will be analyzed with respect to the System’s experience and future expectations. It is likely that the results of the Experience Study will lead to a recommendation to update the mortality tables and lower the assumed rate of investment return and wage increase assumptions, the net impact of which will likely increase the contributions needed going-forward compared with the current assumptions. We would also want to review the assumptions used for optional forms of payment at retirement, and any other miscellaneous and technical assumptions. Please let us know if we can proceed with the Experience Study.


OTHER OBSERVATIONS

FUTURE EXPECTED SYSTEM CONTRIBUTIONS AND FUNDED STATUS Given the System’s contribution allocation procedure, if all actuarial assumptions are met (including the assumption of the System earning 7.75% on the funding value of assets), it is expected that:

(1) The employer normal cost as a percentage of pay will decrease to the level of the benefit provisions for current new entrants (Police Command hired after 3/1/2014, Police hired after 2/22/2013, and Fire hired after 7/1/2009) as time passes and the majority of the active population is comprised of members hired after these dates.

(2) The unfunded actuarial accrued liabilities will be fully amortized after 22 years (June 30, 2038), and

(3) The funded status of the plan will increase gradually towards a 100% funded ratio.

LIMITATIONS OF FUNDED STATUS MEASUREMENTS Unless otherwise indicated, a funded status measurement presented in this report is based upon the actuarial accrued liability and the actuarial value of assets. Unless otherwise indicated, with regard to any funded status measurements presented in this report:

(1) The measurement is inappropriate for assessing the sufficiency of System assets to cover the estimated cost of settling the System’s benefit obligations, for example: transferring the liability to an unrelated third party in a market value type transaction.

(2) The measurement is dependent upon the actuarial cost method which, in combination with the System’s amortization policy, affects the timing and amounts of future contributions. The amounts of future contributions will most certainly differ from those assumed in this report due to future actual experience differing from assumed experience based upon the actuarial assumptions. The current funded status is 84.6%. Even if the funded status measurement in this report was 100%, it would not be synonymous with no required future contributions. If the funded status were 100%, the System would still require future normal cost contributions (i.e., contributions to cover the cost of the active membership accruing an additional year of service credit).

(3) The measurement would produce a different result if the market value of assets were used instead of the actuarial value of assets.

SECTION B

S U M M A RY OF B E N E F I T PR O V I S I O N S AN D VA L U AT I O N D ATA

City of Southfield Fire and Police Retirement System B-1

BRIEF SUMMARY OF ACT 345 BENEFIT PROVISIONS

(JUNE 30, 2015)

Eligibility Amount

SERVICE RETIREMENT

20 or more years of service regardless of age.

Police Command hired before March 1, 2014, Police Patrol Officers hired before February 22, 2013, and Firemen hired before July 1, 2009.

Police Command hired on or after March 1, 2014.

Police Patrol Officers hired on or after February 22, 2013.

Firemen hired after July 1, 2009.

Straight life pension equals 2.8% of highest 3-year AFC in last 10 years times years of service up to 25 years.



Straight life pension equals 2.5% of highest consecutive 5-year AFC in last 10 years times years of service up to 25 years.

DEFERRED RETIREMENT

10 or more years of service. Computed as service retirement but based upon service, AFC and plan provisions in effect at termination. Bene-fit begins at date retirement would have occurred had member remained in employment.

DEFERRED RETIREMENT OPTION PLAN (DROP)

20 or more years of service regardless of age.

(Closed to Police Patrol hired after June 16, 2014)

Computed as a service retirement but based on service, AFC and plan provisions at the time of DROP election. Monthly pension benefits and annuity withdrawal account value at DROP date accumulate in hypothetical accounts and accrue interest at a rate of 4% (2% for Police Patrol who DROP on or after June 10, 2014) from date of DROP election to date of retirement. At retirement the hypothetical accounts may be paid out by any distribution alternatives available under the Premium Member Annuity Withdrawal Plan and the monthly benefit (previously computed) is paid to the member in the form of a straight life pension (with survivor benefit option, if applicable).

DEATH AFTER RETIREMENT SURVIVOR'S PENSION

Payable to surviving spouse, if any, upon the death of a retired member who was receiving a straight life pension which was effective July 1, 1975 or later. Includes disability pensions effective July 1, 1985. Includes members who DROP effective July 1, 1999.

Spouse's pension equals 60% of the straight life pension the deceased retiree was receiving.

Must be married to spouse at time of retirement for spouse to be eligible for survivor benefits.



(CONTINUED)

(JUNE 30, 2015)

Eligibility Amount

NON-DUTY DEATH-IN-SERVICE SURVIVOR’S PENSION

Payable to a surviving spouse, if any, upon the death of a Police or Fire member with 10 or more years of service.

Accrued straight life pension actuarially reduced in accordance with an Option I election.

DUTY DEATH-IN-SERVICE SURVIVOR'S PENSION

Payable to a surviving spouse and eligible children of a member who died in the line of duty.

Straight life pension, calculated with a minimum of 25 years of service, actuarially reduced in accordance with Option 1 election. Workers’ Compensation offset.

NON-DUTY DISABILITY

Payable upon the total and permanent disability of a member with 5 or more years of service.

To age 55: 1.5% of AFC times years of service.

At age 55: 2.0% of AFC times years of service.

DUTY DISABILITY

Payable upon the total and permanent disability of a member in the line of duty…

Police:

…who is unable to perform any occupation

…who is unable to perform own occupation

Fire:

To age 55: 100% of base salary at time of retirement, minimum 85% of active base. At age 55: Frozen at age 55 rate.

To age 55: 60% of base salary at time of retirement, minimum 51% of active base. At age 55: Frozen at age 55 rate.

To age 55: Either 1) 80% of base salary for the first 5 years, then 60% of base salary, or, 2) 60% of base salary with 51% minimum. At age 55: Frozen at age 55 rate.

POST-RETIREMENT INCREASES

An ad-hoc increase was granted during the year ended June 30, 2000.



(CONCLUDED)

(JUNE 30, 2015)

Eligibility Amount

MEMBER CONTRIBUTIONS

Fire Chief Police Chief Fire and Police Patrol Officers hired before February 22, 2013. Police Command hired before March 1, 2014. Fire hired after July 1, 2009, Police Patrol Officers hired after February 22, 2013, and Police Command hired after March 1, 2014.

0.00% of pay. 5.00% of pay. 3.00% of pay, non-refundable. 5.00% of pay, non-refundable. The Fire Chief and the Police Chief are eligible for annuity withdrawal with no reduction upon retirement. Fire, Police Patrol, and Police Command members are eligible for annuity withdrawal with no reduction upon retirement for contributions made prior to September 16, 2011, March 15, 2013, and March 14, 2014 respectively. Fire and Police Patrol member contributions made after these dates are non-refundable. Fire and Police Patrol members in the DROP no longer contribute.

INTEREST ON MEMBER ACCOUNTS

Active or Former members who have not DROPped. DROPped members.

Interest at the rate of 2% per annum is paid on member contributions from date of hire to the earlier of DROP date or retirement date. Interest at the rate of 4% (2% for Police Patrol who DROP on or after June 10, 2014) per annum is paid on DROP account and annuity withdrawal account from DROP date to retirement date. Fire contributions made while in the DROP prior to September 16, 2011 accumulate at the market rate minus 30 basis points per annum.

ITEMS INCLUDED IN AFC

All members. Police and Police Command. Deputy Chiefs.

Overtime, longevity, pay in lieu of holiday time. Education pay, 75% of annual excess (over 1,200 hrs) sick leave, paid compensatory time, and early report time. Up to 900 hours of unused sick/vacation/comp. leave.


SUMMARY OF DROP PROVISIONS

Effective Date

July 1, 1999.

Eligibility

A member of the Southfield Fire and Police Retirement System who has satisfied the minimum

requirements for a normal service retirement under the FPRS. This eligibility is currently 20 years of

service. The DROP is closed to Police Patrol hired after June 16, 2014.

Election of DROP

A member satisfying DROP eligibility conditions would be permitted to either:

1) Retire; or

2) Continue working and retire at a future date with a pension based on credited service

and average final compensation (AFC) at date of termination of employment; or

3) Irrevocably elect to participate in the DROP and retire at a date no more than 5 years in

the future with a pension based on AFC and service at date of election to participate in

the DROP.

DROP Credits

The account of a participating member is credited with:

• The pension payments the member would have been paid if the member had retired on

the date of DROP election; and

• Interest credits at the rate of 4% (2% for Police Patrol who DROP on or after June 10,

2014) per annum. Additional contributions made prior to August 15, 2011 by Fire

(5%) accumulate at market rate – 30 basis points per annum.

Retirement from DROP

Upon termination of employment the frozen monthly pension begins and the member can elect any of the

distribution alternatives available under the Premium Member Annuity Withdrawal Plan for the DROP

account.


SUMMARY OF DROP PROVISIONS

(CONCLUDED)

Disability or Death during DROP Participation

Benefits payable to a member (or surviving spouse) if death or disability occurs during the DROP

participation period will be computed in the same manner as if the member had retired from the DROP

plan the day prior to the death or disability.

Covered Payroll

The payroll of DROP participants will be included in the covered compensation upon which regular City

contributions are based. However, member contributions will cease upon election of DROP.

Revocation of DROP Election

Under certain, limited circumstances, members who become disabled in the line of duty, or who die in the

line of duty, may revoke the DROP election and be treated as if they never participated in the DROP plan.


SUMMARY OF RESERVE FOR INFLATION EQUITY (RIE) PROVISIONS

Effective Date

October 25, 1999 for Fire and July 1, 2000 for Police Command.

Coverage of Program

All members retiring after July 1, 1999 for Fire and July 1, 2000 for Police Command.

Accumulation Formula

Each year, beginning July 1, 1999 for Fire and July 1, 2000 for Police Command, funds will be credited to

the RIE fund in accordance with the following formula: 55% of the 5-year average of the funding value

rate of return over a threshold of 8.0% as of June 30th, not to exceed 3.0%, multiplied by the System assets

of retired member and members who have elected to participate in the Deferred Retirement Option Plan

(DROP), who will be eligible to receive distributions from the RIE program either now or in the future.

(This Accumulation Formula can be found on page B-15 of this report.) The RIE receives 7.75% interest

each year.

Point Accumulation

Each covered member shall accumulate points in accordance with the following formula:

a) One point for each full year of service, not to exceed 25; plus

b) Two points for each full year since retirement.

Eligibility for Distribution

A covered member will be eligible for an immediate distribution on the later of (a), (b), or (c) below:

a) The first July 1st, which is at least five years after the member’s retirement, defined as

the later of the date that a member either separated from service or began to receive a

pension.

b) The year after the member’s pension has lost 15% of its original purchasing power,

defined as a 15% increase in the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-

U), U. S. City average, all items 1982-1984 = 100.

c) The member’s accumulation of 35 points.

Distributable Reserve

No more than 35% of the funds in the RIE fund shall be distributed in any given year.


SUMMARY OF RESERVE FOR INFLATION EQUITY (RIE) PROVISIONS

Individual Distributions

Each benefit recipient’s share will be computed by dividing the benefit recipient’s total points by the total

points of all eligible benefit recipients and multiplying the result by the Distribution Reserve. The

maximum amount payable to any benefit recipient is the amount which would restore 85% of the

member’s original purchasing power. A surviving spouse of a member will receive 60% of the amount

which would have been payable to the member had the member survived.

Distribution Date

Distributions of RIE Program benefit checks shall be determined by the City of Southfield Fire and Police

Retirement Board for years in which sufficient funds are available for distribution.


RETIREES AND BENEFICIARIES ADDED TO AND REMOVED FROM ROLLS

COMPARATIVE SCHEDULE

1996 19 $ 756,821 2 $ 36,832 153 $ 4,935,759 $32,260 $ 55,158,195

1997 6 247,403 159 5,183,162 32,599 56,844,217

1998 8 300,514 3 62,127 164 5,421,549 33,058 58,999,887

1999 13 344,928 4 83,908 173 5,682,569 32,847 61,095,749

2000 19 1,391,574 * 3 82,421 189 6,991,722 36,993 73,774,229

2001 9 325,140 1 43,199 197 7,273,663 36,922 76,214,081

2002 7 159,227 6 233,271 198 7,199,619 36,362 74,620,482

2003 6 291,862 204 7,491,481 36,723 76,980,093

2004 11 334,099 6 220,863 209 7,604,717 36,386 77,198,240

2005 30 1,387,608 6 241,514 233 8,750,811 37,557 91,796,051

2006 16 653,409 2 83,928 247 9,320,292 37,734 97,367,873

2007 5 187,442 252 9,507,734 37,729 98,106,085

2008 10 369,849 5 156,481 257 9,721,102 37,825 102,542,904

2009 12 657,359 5 140,338 264 10,238,123 38,781 106,846,499

2010 15 651,237 3 112,260 276 10,777,100 39,047 112,131,334

2011 16 626,106 5 146,013 287 11,257,193 39,224 117,349,975

2012 13 628,673 5 218,358 295 11,667,508 39,551 120,894,365

2013 8 384,217 2 114,181 301 11,937,544 39,660 122,796,805

2014 12 599,147 5 177,256 308 12,359,435 40,128 127,796,315

2015 15 773,603 5 174,207 318 12,958,831 40,751 133,403,324

Actuarial Present

Value of Pensions

Annual

No. Pensions

Year

Ended

June 30

Average

Pensions

Rolls End of Year

Annual

No. Pensions

Removed from RollsAdded to Rolls

No.

Annual

Pensions

* Additions to annual pensions include post-retirement increases of $8,422.


RETIREES AND BENEFICIARIES JUNE 30, 2015

TABULATED BY TYPE OF BENEFIT BEING PAID

Age and Service Pensions

Regular Pension - terminating at death 73 $ 2,342,057

- auto. 60% to spouse 190 9,287,094

Option I - 100% Joint and Survivor 5 171,368

Option II - 50% Joint and Survivor 1 38,252

Survivor Beneficiary 38 889,770

Age and Service Totals 307 $ 12,728,541

Casualty Pensions

Duty Disability 8 184,734

Non-Duty Disability 2 12,512

Non-Duty Death-Survivor Benefit 1 33,044

Casualty totals 11 $ 230,290

Total Pensions 318 $ 12,958,831

Type of Benefit No. Annual Amount

Pension Benefits


RETIREES AND BENEFICIARIES JUNE 30, 2015

TABULATED BY ATTAINED AGE AND TYPE OF RETIREMENT

Attained

Age

40 - 44 3 60,252$ - - 3 60,252$

45 - 49 13 545,056 - - 13 545,056

50 - 54 29 1,406,653 4 86,187$ 33 1,492,840

55 - 59 35 1,741,226 1 26,916 36 1,768,142

60 - 64 52 2,476,144 1 4,984 53 2,481,128

65 - 69 65 2,396,251 - - 65 2,396,251

70 - 74 59 2,154,642 3 75,797 62 2,230,439

75 - 79 29 1,037,527 2 36,406 31 1,073,933

80 - 84 11 456,847 - - 11 456,847

85 - 89 7 265,021 - - 7 265,021

90 - 94 4 188,922 - - 4 188,922

Totals 307 12,728,541$ 11 230,290$ 318 $12,958,831

Average Age at Retirement: 51.2 years

Average Age Now: 66.2 years

Annual

Pensions

Age & Service Casualty Totals

Annual

No.

Annual

Pensions No. Pensions No.


ACTIVE MEMBERS IN PENSION VALUATION - COMPARATIVE STATEMENT

Year

Ended

June 30

2001 8 9 6 16.9 1 0.4 0 0.4 1 1 2 5.7 261 $18,363,960 $70,360 3.2 % 39.9 yrs. 12.8 yrs.

2002 5 4 1 17.3 1 0.5 0 0.4 1 1 2 4.6 262 19,115,679 72,961 3.7 40.6 13.5

2003 3 6 6 20.8 0 0.6 0 0.4 0 0 0 4.4 259 19,568,895 75,556 3.6 41.3 14.1

2004 8 4 3 22.2 0 0.6 1 0.4 0 0 0 4.1 263 20,434,525 77,698 2.8 41.7 14.5

2005 19 25 25 22.2 0 0.7 0 0.5 0 0 0 3.6 257 19,559,486 76,107 (2.0) 40.2 12.8

2006 13 17 12 7.3 3 0.7 0 0.3 1 1 2 3.8 253 19,826,520 78,366 3.0 40 12.6

2007 9 6 4 7.1 0 0.7 0 0.3 0 2 2 4.0 256 20,148,421 78,705 0.4 40.4 13.1

2008 3 6 6 7.1 0 0.7 0 0.3 0 0 0 3.9 253 21,156,661 83,623 6.2 41.0 13.6

2009 8 11 10 8.7 1 0.7 0 0.4 0 0 0 3.4 250 20,917,249 83,669 0.1 41.0 13.6

2010 7 12 10 8.8 0 0.7 0 0.4 0 2 2 3.3 245 20,681,885 84,416 0.9 41.3 13.6

2011 0 10 9 7.4 0 0.6 0 0.3 0 1 1 2.9 235 19,677,191 83,733 (0.8) 42.0 14.3

2012 0 10 10 6.1 0 0.7 0 0.1 0 0 0 1.3 225 18,960,852 84,270 0.6 42.7 14.9

2013 6 9 7 6.6 0 0.6 0 0.1 2 0 2 1.0 222 18,819,454 84,772 0.6 43.2 15.3

2014 2 10 8 8.2 0 0.6 0 0.1 1 1 2 1.2 214 18,452,501 86,227 1.7 43.8 15.8

2015 6 9 9 7.8 0 0.6 0 0.1 0 0 0 1.0 211 18,610,174 88,200 2.3 43.8 15.9

5-Yr. Totals 43 36.1 0 3.1 0 0.7 5 7.4

10-Yr. Totals 85 75.1 4 6.6 0 2.4 11 25.8

Averages

Age Service

Valuation

Payroll $ Change

Annual Pay

A E

End of

YearA A

Vested Other Total

A E A EA E A E

Number

Added

During Year

Normal

Retirement

Terminations During Year

Disabled

Died-in-

Service

Withdrawals

A = actual E = expected


ACTIVE MEMBERS JUNE 30, 2015 BY ATTAINED AGE AND YEARS OF SERVICE

Attained Valuation

Age 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30 plus No. Payroll

20-24 2 2 79,325$

25-29 5 3 8 450,782

30-34 4 10 7 21 1,682,110

35-39 2 18 14 6 40 3,222,125

40-44 1 2 8 18 2 31 2,639,014

45-49 7 14 26 2 49 4,728,672

50-54 1 20 17 7 45 4,390,440

55-59 1 2 7 4 14 1,311,687

62 1 1 106,019

Totals 14 34 37 60 53 13 0 211 18,610,174$

Years of Service to Valuation Date

While not used in the financial computations, the following group averages are computed and shown because

of their general interest.

Group Averages:

Age: 43.8 years. Service: 15.9 years.

Annual Pay: $88,200.


ACTUARIAL VALUE OF ASSETS

Cash & Short-Term $ 5,573,536 Employee's Contributions 11,455,281$

Employers Contribution 51,658,981

Bonds - Government 8,483,876 Retired Benefit Payments 133,403,324

- Corporate 9,660,222 Funding Value Adjustment 1,537,971

Actuarial Value of Assets 198,055,557$

Common Stock 88,365,553

Real Estate 84,434,399 Funding Value of Pension Assets (2) 195,940,267$

Funding Value of Health Assets (3) -

Funding Value Adjustment 1,537,971 Reserve for Inflation Equity 2,115,290

Actuarial Value of Assets $198,055,557 Actuarial Value of Assets 198,055,557$

Actuarial Value of Assets Reserve for (1)

(1) Note that these reserve amounts were not supplied by staff. We have set the Employee’s Contributions Reserve to the sum of the employee contributions submitted for each individual in the valuation. The Retired Benefit Payments Reserve has been set equal to the liability for retired members. The Employer Contribution Reserve is the balancing item.

(2) The funding value of pension assets includes $5,902,324 of retiree account balances to be disbursed ($976,671 of outstanding employee contributions and $4,925,653 of outstanding DROP account balances).

(3) The Retiree Health Insurance Fund has been exhausted.

Market value of assets was reported to be $196,517,586.

REVENUES AND EXPENDITURES

Actuarial Value 6/30/2014 192,685,680$ 2,192,991$ 0$ 194,878,671$

Revenues

Employee Contributions 466,794 0 0 466,794

Employer Contributions 5,933,162 0 0 5,933,162

Income (net of investment expenses) 12,497,365 160,718 0 12,658,083

Total Revenues 18,897,321$ 160,718$ 0$ 19,058,039$

Expenditures

Benefit Payments 15,247,193 238,419 0 15,485,612

Refund of Member Contributions (7,936) 0 0 (7,936)

Health Insurance Premiums 0 0 0 0

Expenses Paid from System 403,477 0 0 403,477

Total Expenditures 15,642,734$ 238,419$ 0$ 15,881,153$

Actuarial Value 6/30/2015 195,940,267$ 2,115,290$ 0$ 198,055,557$

Nominal Rate of Return* 6.65% 7.75% 6.66%

TotalsPension Inflation Equity Health

Reserve for

* The nominal rate of return was computed using the approximate formula: i = I divided by 1/2 (A+B-I), where I is recognized investment income, plus the additional market value adjustment, A is the beginning of year asset value and B is the end of year asset value.


DERIVATION OF FUNDING VALUE OF RETIREMENT SYSTEM ASSETS 1

Beginning of Year Value June 30, 2018 June 30, 2019

(1) Market Value 200,706,688$

(2) Funding Value 192,685,680

(3) Non Investment Cash Flow (9,242,778)

(4) Assumed Interest Rate 7.75%

Expected Income 14,574,983

(5) Actual Income 2,938,386

(6) Gain/(Loss) (11,636,597)$

(7) Recognized Income 2

(a) Expected 14,574,983$

(b) 0.20 x Gain/(Loss) (2,327,319)

(c) Base from 1 year ago 3,333,949 (2,327,319)$

(d) Base from 2 years ago 853,707 3,333,949 (2,327,319)$

(e) Base from 3 years ago (3,937,955) 853,707 3,333,949 (2,327,319)$

(f) Base from 4 years ago 0 (3,937,957) 853,709 3,333,950 (2,327,321)$

(g) Total Income Recognized 12,497,365$ (2,077,620)$ 1,860,339$ 1,006,631$ (2,327,321)$

End of Year Values

(8) Market Value 194,402,296$

(9) Funding Value (2) + (3) + (7)(f) 195,940,267$

(10) Funding Value as a Percent of Market Value 100.79%

(11) Rate of Return on Funding Value During Year 6.65%

(12) Rate of Return on Market Value During Year 1.50%

June 30, 2016 June 30, 2017June 30, 2015

1 Beginning June 30, 2012, all values exclude assets and activity associated with retiree health assets and RIE assets. 2 Beginning June 30, 2012, the valuation asset method changed from 4-year asset smoothing to 5-year asset smoothing.

The funding value in (9) is applied to the financing of actuarial accrued liabilities. The funding value is intended to give recognition to long-term changes in asset values while minimizing the effect of short-term fluctuations in the capital markets. After the initial year, the funding value treats realized and unrealized capital gains and losses in the same manner.


DERIVATION OF RESERVE FOR INFLATION EQUITY

7/1/2013 7/1/2014 7/1/2015

Rate of investment return:

1. Actual return on funding value of assets:

(a) from prior year 8.88% 11.41% 6.65%

(b) from 1 year ago 0.29% 8.88% 11.41%

(c) from 2 years ago 0.29% 0.29% 8.88%

(d) from 3 years ago 0.54% 0.29% 0.29%

(e) from 4 years ago 2.12% 0.54% 0.29%

(f) 5-year average 2.42% 4.28% 5.50%

2. Threshold 8.00% 8.00% 8.00%

3. Fifty-five percent of excess, if any, of 1(f) over 2,

but not more than 3.0% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

4. Actuarial present value of pensions #:

(a) For current DROP members $29,031,400 $37,647,162 $30,831,963

(b) For retirees since RIE inception* 52,304,493 55,768,328 63,313,659

(c) Total 81,335,893 93,415,490 94,145,622

5. Dollars available for allocation 0 0 0

6. Reserve Balance - start of year 2,180,059 2,208,016 2,192,991

Disbursements from reserve during year 135,738 179,202 238,419

Current year addition 0 0 0

Interest 163,695 164,177 160,718

Reserve Balance - end of year 2,208,016 2,192,991 2,115,290

# Included Participants

DROP

- Fire 8 22 19

- Police Command 16 15 12

Retirees

- Fire 59 61 65

- Police Command 32 36 41

* July 1, 1999 for Fire, July 1, 2000 for Police Command.

SECTION C

S U M M A RY OF A C T U A R I AL C O S T M E T H O D S A N D A S S U M P T I O N S

City of Southfield Fire and Police Retirement System C-1

ACTUARIAL COST METHODS Normal cost and the allocation of benefit values between service rendered before and after the valuation date

was determined using an individual entry-age actuarial cost method having the following characteristics:

• the annual normal costs for each individual active member, payable from the date of

employment to the date of retirement are sufficient to accumulate the value of the

member's benefit at the time of retirement;

• each annual normal cost is a constant percentage of the member's year-by-year

projected covered pay.

Financing of Unfunded Actuarial Accrued Liabilities. Unfunded actuarial accrued liabilities (the portion

of total liabilities not covered by present assets or expected future normal cost contributions) were amortized

by level percent-of-payroll contributions over a period of 22 years. This UAAL payment does reflect

payments expected to be made between the valuation date and the date contributions determined by this

report are scheduled to begin.

The funding value of assets used for funding purposes is derived as follows: prior year valuation assets are

increased by contribution and expected investment income and reduced by refunds, benefit payments and

expenses. To this amount is added 20% of the difference between expected and actual investment income

for each of the previous five years, starting with June 30, 2012. Prior to June 30, 2012, 25% of the

difference between expected and actual investment income for each of the previous four years was added.


ACTUARIAL ASSUMPTIONS USED FOR THE VALUATION The actuary calculates the contribution requirements and benefit values of the Fund by applying actuarial

assumptions to the benefit provisions and people information furnished, using the actuarial cost methods

described on the previous page.

The principal areas of financial risk which require assumptions about future experiences are:

• long-term rates of investment return to be generated by the assets of the Fund

• patterns of pay increases to members

• rates of mortality among members, retirees and beneficiaries

• rates of withdrawal of active members (without entitlement to a retirement benefit)

• rates of disability among members

• the age patterns of actual retirement

• rate of increase in the cost of retiree health insurance

In making a valuation, the actuary calculates the monetary effect of each assumption for as long as a present

covered person survives - - - a period of time which can be as long as a century.

Actual experience of the Fund will not coincide exactly with assumed experience, regardless of the accuracy

of the assumptions, or the skill of the actuary and the precision of the many calculations made. Each

valuation provides a complete recalculation of assumed future experience and takes into account all past

differences between assumed and actual experience. The result is a continual series of adjustments (usually

small) to the computed contribution rate.

From time-to-time it becomes appropriate to modify one or more of the assumptions, to reflect experience

trends (but not random year-to-year fluctuations). The assumptions are established by the Board after

consulting with the actuary. New assumptions were adopted for the June 30, 2011 valuation pursuant to the

Experience Study dated July 15, 2011, which contains the rationale for these assumptions. All assumptions

are based on future expectations, not market measures.


The rates of salary increase used for individual members are in accordance with the following table. This

assumption is used to project a member's current salary to the salaries upon which benefit amounts will be

based.

Years of Merit & Base Increase

Service Seniority (Economic) Next Year

1 to 3 5.00% 4.00% 9.00%

4 2.50% 4.00% 6.50%

5 1.50% 4.00% 5.50%

6 0.50% 4.00% 4.50%

7 0.30% 4.00% 4.30%

8 0.20% 4.00% 4.20%

9 & Up 0.00% 4.00% 4.00%

Salary Increase Assumptions

for Individual Members

If the number of active members remains constant, then the total active member payroll will increase 4.00%

annually, the base portion of the individual salary increase assumptions. This increasing payroll was

recognized in amortizing Unfunded Actuarial accrued Liabilities.

The assumed nominal rate of investment return was 7.75% a year compounded annually. This assumption

is used to make money payable at one point in time equal in value to a different amount of money payable at

another point in time. The assumed real return for funding purposes is the rate of return in excess of wage

inflation: 3.75%.


The mortality table was the RP-2000 Mortality Table projected to 2015.

Sample

Ages Men Women Men Women Men Women

45 $146.44 $148.05 37.05 39.19 0.1239% 0.0882%

50 141.12 143.16 32.29 34.38 0.1628% 0.1296%

55 133.84 136.54 27.59 29.64 0.2718% 0.2409%

60 124.45 128.10 23.05 25.08 0.5297% 0.4689%

65 113.02 117.87 18.79 20.80 1.0309% 0.9003%

70 99.78 106.04 14.89 16.86 1.7702% 1.5529%

75 84.40 92.62 11.34 13.29 3.0622% 2.4916%

80 67.83 77.64 8.25 10.09 5.5360% 4.1291%

Value at Retirement of Future Life

$1 Monthly for Life Expectancy (Years)

Percent Dying

Next Year

This assumption is used to measure the probabilities of each benefit payment being made after retirement.

No margin for future mortality improvements is included in these tables.

50% of these rates are used to measure the probabilities of members dying before retirement. 50% of the

pre-retirement deaths are assumed to be duty related and 50% are assumed to non-duty related.


The rates of retirement used to measure the probability of eligible members retiring during the next year

were as follows:

Years of

Service

20 10.0 %

21 3.0

22 3.0

23 3.0

24 3.0

25 20.0

26 10.0

27 10.0

28 25.0

29 25.0

30 50.0

31 50.0

32 50.0

33 50.0

34 50.0

35 & Up 100.0

the Next Year

% Retiring During

A member is eligible for retirement after completing 20 or more years of service. Active members in the DROP are assumed to follow the retirement rates above. However, they are assumed

to retire at a rate of 100% in the fifth year following DROP.


Rates of separation from active membership were as shown below (rates do not apply to members eligible

to retire and do not include separation on account of death or disability). This assumption measures the

probabilities of members remaining in employment.

Sample Years of

Ages Service the Next Year

ALL 0 8.00%

1 5.00%

2 3.00%

3 2.00%

4 2.00%

20 5 & Over 1.00%

25 1.00%

30 0.90%

35 0.65%

40 0.50%

45 0.35%

50 0.25%

55 0.20%

60 0.20%

65 0.20%

70 0.20%

% of Active Members

Separating Within

Rates of disability were as follows:

Sample

Ages Men Women

20 0.11% 0.05%

25 0.14% 0.08%

30 0.15% 0.12%

35 0.22% 0.20%

40 0.32% 0.29%

45 0.49% 0.43%

50 0.79% 0.68%

55 1.38% 1.16%

60 2.30% 1.67%

% of Active Members Becoming

Disabled Within the Next Year

In addition, 25% of the disabilities are assumed to be non-duty related and 75% are assumed to be duty

related; of the 75% assumed to be duty disability, half were assumed to be covered under their own occupation

provisions.

Expense Load. Normal cost for pensions was loaded by 1.5% of active payroll to cover administrative expenses.


MISCELLANEOUS AND TECHNICAL ASSUMPTIONS JUNE 30, 2015

Marriage Assumption: 100% are assumed to be married for purposes of death-in-service

benefits and 84% are assumed to be married for deaths after retirement. Male spouses are assumed to be three years older than female spouses.

Pay Increase Timing: Middle of the valuation year.

Decrement Timing: Decrements of all types are assumed to occur mid-year.

Eligibility Testing: Eligibility for benefits is determined based upon the age nearest birthday and service nearest whole year on the date the decrement is assumed to occur.

Decrement Relativity: Decrement rates are used directly from experience, without adjustment for multiple decrement table effects.

Decrement Operation: Only withdrawal operates the first 5 years of service. Only mortality operates during retirement eligibility.

Service Credit Accruals: It is assumed that members accrue one year of service credit per year.

Incidence of Contributions: Contributions are assumed to be received continuously throughout the year based upon the computed percent-of-payroll shown in this report, and the actual payroll payable at the time contributions are made.

Normal Form of Benefit: A 60% automatic joint and survivor payment is the assumed normal

form of benefit for married people. Benefit Service: Exact fractional service is used to determine the amount of benefit

payable.

SECTION D

O P E R AT I O N O F T H E R E T I R E M E N T S Y ST E M

City of Southfield Fire and Police Retirement System D-1

BASIC FINANCIAL OBJECTIVE AND OPERATION OF THE RETIREMENT SYSTEM Benefit Promises Made Which Must Be Paid For. A retirement program is an orderly means of handing

out, keeping track of, and financing contingent pension promises to a group of employees. As each member

of the retirement program acquires a unit of service credit they are, in effect, handed an "IOU" which reads:

"The Retirement System promises to pay you one unit of retirement benefits, payments in cash commencing

when you retire."

The principal related financial question is: When shall the money required to cover the "IOU" be

contributed? This year, when the benefit of the member's service is received? Or, some future year when the

"IOU" becomes a cash demand?

The Constitution of the State of Michigan is directed to the question: "Financial benefits arising on account of service rendered in each fiscal year shall be funded

during that year and such funding shall not be used for financing unfunded accrued

liabilities."

This Retirement System meets this constitutional requirement by having the following Financial Objective:

To establish and receive contributions, expressed as percents of active member payroll, which will remain

approximately level from year-to-year and will not have to be increased for future generations of taxpayers.

Translated into actuarial terminology, a level percent-of-payroll contribution objective means that the

contribution rate must be at least:

Normal Cost (the value of benefits likely to be paid which is assigned to service being

rendered in the current year)

. . . plus . . .

Interest on the Unfunded Actuarial Accrued Liability (the difference between the actuarial

accrued liability and current System assets).


If contributions to the retirement program are less than the preceding amount, the difference, plus investment

earnings not realized thereon, will have to be contributed at some later time, or, benefits will have to be

reduced, to satisfy the fundamental fiscal equation under which all retirement programs must operate; that is:

B = C + I - E

Benefit payments to any group of members and their beneficiaries cannot exceed the sum of:

Contributions received over time on behalf of the group

. . . plus . . .

Investment earnings on contributions received and not required for immediate

payment of benefits

. . . minus . . .

Expenses incurred in operating the program.

There are retirement programs designed to defer the bulk of contributions far into the future. They are lured

by artificially low present contributions, but the inevitable consequence is a relentlessly increasing

contribution rate to a level greatly in excess of the level percent-of-payroll rate. This method of financing is

prohibited in Michigan by the state constitution.

A by-product of the level percent-of-payroll contribution objective is the accumulation of invested assets for

varying periods of time. Invested assets are a by-product of level percent-of-payroll contributions, not the

objective. Investment income becomes a major contributor to the retirement program, and the amount is

directly related to the amount of past contributions and investment performance.

Computed Contribution Rate Needed to Finance Benefits. From a given schedule of benefits and from the

data furnished, the actuary calculates the contribution rate by means of an actuarial valuation - the technique

of assigning monetary values to the risks assumed in operating a retirement program.


CASH BENEFITS LINE. This relentlessly increasing line is the fundamental reality of retirement plan financing. It happens each time a new benefit is added for future retirements (and happens regardless of the design for contributing for benefits).

LEVEL CONTRIBUTION LINE. Determining the level contribution line requires detailed assumptions concerning a variety of experiences in future decades, including:

Economic Risk Areas

Rates of investment return

Rates of pay increase

Changes in active member group size

Non-Economic Risk Areas

Ages at actual retirement

Rates of mortality

Rates of withdrawal of active members (turnover)

Rates of disability


FLOW OF MONEY THROUGH THE RETIREMENT SYSTEM

Member Contributions

Investment Income

Employer Contributions Reserve for

Employer Contributions

Income/ Expense Fund

Reserve for Retired Benefit

Payments

Refunds

Monthly Benefits

Expenses

REVENUE RESERVES EXPENDITURES

Reserve for Contributions


GLOSSARY

Actuarial Accrued Liability The difference between (i) the actuarial present value of future plan benefits, and (ii) the actuarial present value of future normal cost. Sometimes referred to as "accrued liability" or "past service liability."

Accrued Service The service credited under the plan which was rendered before the

date of the actuarial valuation.

Actuarial Assumptions Estimates of future plan experience with respect to rates of

mortality, disability, turnover, retirement, rate or rates of investment income and salary increases. Decrement assumptions (rates of mortality, disability, turnover and retirement) are generally based on past experience, often modified for projected changes in conditions. Economic assumptions (salary increases and investment income) consist of an underlying rate in an inflation-free environment plus a provision for a long-term average rate of inflation.

Actuarial Cost Method A mathematical budgeting procedure for allocating the dollar

amount of the "actuarial present value of future plan benefits" between the actuarial present value of future normal cost and the actuarial accrued liability. Sometimes referred to as the "actuarial funding method."

Actuarial Equivalent A single amount or series of amounts of equal value to another

single amount or series of amounts, computed on the basis of the rate(s) of interest and mortality tables used by the plan.

Actuarial Present Value The amount of funds presently required to provide a payment or

series of payments in the future. It is determined by discounting the future payments at a predetermined rate of interest, taking into account the probability of payment.

Amortization Paying off an interest-bearing liability by means of periodic

payments of interest and principal, as opposed to paying it off with a lump sum payment.

Experience Gain (Loss) A measure of the difference between actual experience and that

expected based upon a set of actuarial assumptions during the period between two actuarial valuation dates, in accordance with the actuarial cost method being used.

DROP Deferred Retirement Option Plan. This plan acts like an optional

form of payment. It is selected by active members who wish to have their accrued retirement benefit frozen and paid into an account (monthly) that is available for cash withdrawal at the time of retirement.


Normal Cost The annual cost assigned, under the actuarial funding method, to

current and subsequent plan years. Sometimes referred to as "current service cost." Any payment toward the unfunded actuarial accrued liability is not part of the normal cost.

Plan Termination Liability The actuarial present value of future plan benefits based on the assumption that there will be no further accruals for the future service and salary. The termination liability will generally be less than the liabilities computed on a "going-concern" basis and is not normally determined in a routine actuarial valuation.

Reserve Account An account used to indicate that funds have been set aside for a

specific purpose and are not generally available for other uses.

Unfunded Actuarial Accrued Liability

The difference between the actuarial accrued liability and valuation assets. Sometimes referred to as "unfunded accrued liability."

Valuation Assets The value of current plan assets recognized for valuation purposes.

Generally based on book value plus a portion of unrealized appreciation or depreciation.

APPENDIX 1

A C T U A R I A L F U N D I N G P O L I C Y

City of Southfield Fire and Police Retirement System Appendix 1-1

CITY OF SOUTHFIELD FIRE AND POLICE RETIREMENT SYSTEM ACTUARIAL FUNDING POLICY

WHEREAS, the City of Southfield Fire and Police Retirement System (“Retirement System”) is established and administered pursuant to the provisions of Public Act 345 of 1937, as amended (MCL 38.551 et seq.), applicable collective bargaining agreements, and applicable state and federal laws including, but not limited to Public Act 314 of 1965, as amended (“Act 314”) [MCL 38.1132 et seq.], and WHEREAS, the Board of Trustees of the Retirement System (“Board”) is vested with the authority and fiduciary responsibility for the administration, management and operation of the Retirement System, and WHEREAS, the Board, in consultation with its Actuary, has an obligation to establish the economic and demographic assumptions to be utilized in performing the required actuarial valuation of the Retirement System and in determining the required annual employer contribution to the Retirement System, and WHEREAS, the Board is aware of upcoming changes to the accounting and reporting standards approved by the Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB) for public pension plans, and WHEREAS, the Board wishes to establish a formal Actuarial Funding Policy addressing the funding objectives and actuarial assumptions to be utilized in determining the funding status of the Retirement System, therefore be it RESOLVED, that the Board hereby adopts the following Actuarial Funding Policy: I. GENERAL A. Purpose

In light of upcoming changes to the GASB financial accounting and reporting standards for public pension plans, the Board of Trustees of the Retirement System desires to establish a formal Actuarial Funding Policy to ensure the systematic funding of future pension obligations of the Retirement System.

B. Policy Objectives Maintain adequate levels of assets sufficient to fund all benefits expected to be paid to members and beneficiaries when due.

(1) Maintain adequate levels of assets sufficient to fund all benefits expected to be paid to members and beneficiaries when due.

(2) Maintain stability of employer contributions rates, consistent with other funding objectives.

(3) Support the public policy goals of accountability and transparency.

(4) Monitor material risks to assist in any risk management strategies the Board deems appropriate.


(5) Promote intergenerational equity. Each generation of members and employers should

incur the cost of benefits for the employees who provide services to them, rather than deferring costs to future members and employers.

(6) Provide a reasonable margin for adverse experience to offset risk.

(7) Review the Plan’s investment return assumption, potentially in conjunction with a periodic asset liability study and in consideration of the Board’s risk profile.

(8) Continue the systematic reduction of the Plan’s Unfunded Actuarial Accrued Liabilities (UAAL).

II. LEGAL A. Annual Actuarial Valuation Section 20h(4) of Act 314 [MCL 38.1140h(4)], requires the Retirement System to have an

actuarial valuation performed annually as follows:

Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, a system shall have an annual actuarial valuation with assets valued on a market-related basis. The actuarial present value of total projected benefits shall include all pension benefits to be provided by the system to members or beneficiaries pursuant to the terms of the system and any additional statutory or contractual agreements to provide pension benefits through the system that are in force at the actuarial valuation date, including, but not limited to, service credits purchased by members, deferred retirement option plans, early retirement programs, and postretirement adjustment programs. A system that has less than $20,000,000.00 is only required to have an actuarial valuation as required under this subsection done every other year.

B. Annual Employer Contribution

The Board is required, pursuant to Section 20m of Act 314 [MCL 38.1140m], to annually certify the annual required contribution to be made by the employer as follows:

The governing board vested with the general administration, management, and operation of a system or other decision-making body that is responsible for implementation and supervision of any system shall confirm in the annual actuarial valuation required under section 20h and the summary annual report required under section 13 that each system under this act provides for the payment of the required employer contribution as provided in this section and shall confirm in the summary annual report that the system has received the required employer contribution for the year covered in the summary annual report. The required employer contribution is the actuarially determined contribution amount. An annual required employer contribution in a system under this act shall consist of a current service cost payment and a payment of at least the annual accrued amortized interest on any unfunded actuarial liability and the payment of the annual accrued amortized portion of the unfunded principal liability. For fiscal years that begin before January 1, 2006, the required employer contribution shall not be determined using an amortization


period greater than 40 years. Except as otherwise provided in this section, for fiscal years that begin after December 31, 2005, the required employer contribution shall not be determined using an amortization period greater than 30 years. . . . In a plan year, any current service cost payment may be offset by a credit for amortization of accrued assts, if any, in excess of actuarial accrued liability. A required employer contribution for a system administered under this act shall allocate the actuarial present value of future plan benefits between the current service costs to be paid in the future and the actuarial accrued liability. The governing board vested with the general administration, management, and operation of a system or other decision-making body that is responsible for implementation and supervision of a system shall act upon the recommendation of an actuary and the board and the actuary shall take into account the standards of practice of the actuarial standards board of the American academy of actuaries in making the determination of the required employer contribution.

III. POLICY A. Actuarial Cost Method

(1) The individual entry age actuarial cost method of valuation shall be utilized in determining actuarial accrued liability and normal cost with the following characteristics:

(a) the annual normal costs for each individual active member, payable from the date of employment to the date of retirement, are sufficient to accumulate the value of the member’s benefit at the time of retirement; and

(b) each annual normal cost is a constant percentage of the member’s year by year projected covered pay; and

(2) Differences in the past between assumed experience and actual experience (actuarial gains and losses) shall be factored into the actuarial accrued liability.

(3) The normal cost shall be determined on an individual basis for each active member.

B. Asset Smoothing Method The investment gains or losses of each valuation period, resulting from the difference between

actual investment return and assumed investment return, shall be recognized annually in level amounts over a period not to exceed five (5) years in calculating the funding value of assets.

C. Amortization Method

(1) A level percent of payroll amortization method shall be used to systematically pay off the unfunded actuarial accrued liabilities over a closed amortization period not to exceed 30 years.

(2) Unfunded liabilities associated with benefit changes or assumption changes shall be funded over a period determined by the Board in consultation with its actuary.

(3) Unfunded liabilities arising from benefit changes provided to retirees or in conjunction

with early retirement incentive programs offered by the employer shall be separately funded over a period determined by the Board in consultation with its actuary.


D. Assumptions

The economic and demographic actuarial assumptions utilized to determine the contribution requirements and benefit values of the Retirement System shall be determined by the Board in consultation with its actuary.

E. Funding Target

(1) The targeted funded ratio of the Retirement System shall be 100%.

(2) The employer contribution rate shall at least be equal to the normal cost unless the funded ratio of the Retirement System exceeds 120%.

(3) A funding plan shall be developed by the Board in consultation with its actuary if the funded ratio of the Retirement System falls below 70%, which may include additional funding requirements.

F. Risk Management

(1) Assumption Changes

(a) The actuarial assumptions utilized to determine the annual contribution requirements and valuations shall be those last adopted by the Board based on the most recent experience study and upon the advice and recommendation of the Board’s actuary. The Board’s actuary shall conduct an experience study once every five years. The results of the experience study shall be the basis for the actuarial assumptions recommended to the Board.

(b) The actuarial assumptions may be revised during the five-year period between experience studies if significant plan design changes or other significant economic events occur, as advised by the actuary.

(2) Risk Measures. The following risk measures will be annually determined to provide

quantifiable measurements of risk as it applies to the Retirement System.

(a) Funded ratio;

(b) Unfunded actuarial accrued liabilities – the years required to pay down the unfunded liabilities of the Retirement System based upon the current funding schedule;

(c) Total unfunded actuarial accrued liabilities as a percentage of total payroll;

(d) Total assets as a percentage of total payroll; and

(e) Total actuarial accrued liabilities as a percentage of total payroll.

(3) Risk Control

(a) The Board shall carefully monitor the risk measures identified above and shall consider steps to mitigate risk, particularly as the funded ratio increases.


IV. REVIEW AND AMENDMENT A. Periodic Review This Actuarial Funding Policy shall be reviewed no less frequently than once every five years

in conjunction with the required experience study performed by the Board’s actuary, and may be reviewed at any time in the Board’s discretion.

B. Amendment The Board, in consultation with its Actuary and Legal Counsel, may amend this Actuary

Funding Policy at any time as deemed necessary to address changes in the makeup, benefit structure and/or funding status of the Retirement System.

APPENDIX 2

R I S K M E A S U R E S


RISK MEASURES

(1) (2) (3) (4)

Actuarial

Accrued Unfunded

Actuarial Liability AAL

Value of (AAL) (UAAL) Covered

Assets Entry Age (2) - (1) Payroll

6/30/2006 $ 197,002,656 $183,687,112 ($13,315,544) $20,148,421 107.2 % 977.8 % 911.7 % -66.1 %

6/30/2007 208,821,838 194,212,785 (14,609,053) 21,156,661 107.5 987.0 918.0 -69.1

6/30/2008 202,566,067 195,460,165 (7,105,902) 20,917,249 103.6 968.4 934.4 -34.0

6/30/2009 192,160,601 200,058,754 7,898,153 20,681,885 96.1 929.1 967.3 38.2

6/30/2010 182,973,491 206,368,685 23,395,194 19,677,191 88.7 929.9 1048.8 118.9

6/30/2011(a)

173,231,198 211,803,567 38,572,369 18,960,852 81.8 913.6 1117.1 203.4

6/30/2012(a)

174,215,687 211,803,567 37,587,880 18,960,852 82.3 918.8 1117.1 198.2

6/30/2013(a)

181,342,197 220,687,538 39,345,341 18,819,454 82.2 963.6 1172.7 209.1

6/30/2014(a)

192,685,680 225,157,311 32,471,631 18,452,501 85.6 1044.2 1220.2 176.0

6/30/2015 195,940,267 231,608,365 35,668,098 18,610,174 84.6 1052.9 1244.5 191.7

Date (1) / (2) (1) / (4) (2) / (4) (3) / (4)

Actuarial Funded Assets / Liability / Unfunded /

Valuation Ratio Payroll Payroll Payroll

(5) (6) (7) (8)

(a) Revised actuarial assumptions, methods, and/or benefit changes.

(5) The Funded Ratio is the most widely known measure of a retirement system’s financial strength, but the trend in the funded ratio is much more important than the absolute ratio. The funded ratio should trend to 100%. As it approaches 100%, it is important to re-evaluate the level of investment risk in the portfolio and potentially to re-evaluate the assumed rate of return. (6) and (7) The ratios of assets and liabilities to payroll gives an indication of both maturity and volatility. Many systems have ratios between 500% and 700%. Ratios significantly above that range may indicate difficulty in supporting the benefit level as a level % of pay. For systems that are closed to new hires, it is expected that these ratios will grow as payroll declines. (8) The ratio of the unfunded liability to payroll gives an indication of the retirement system sponsor’s ability to actually pay off the unfunded liability. A ratio above approximately 300% or 400% may indicate difficulty in discharging the unfunded liability within a reasonable time frame.

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