City-States
Athens Vs. Sparta
9/20 Bell-Ringer
• 1. Define Democracy
• 2. What makes the United States a democracy?
• 3. In what ways is the United States not a democracy?
Greek Polis
Essential Question
• How did democracy develop in Ancient Greece?
Rule and Order in Greek City-States
• Geography = significantly influenced Greek political life.
• No single government
• Developed: small, independent communities
– Loyalty to these local communities.
• Polis= City-State; independent political unit
– Free Citizens
• Most Greek city-states had the following:
– Agora = center for trade & government
– Acropolis, a temple on a hill dedicated to a sacred god
Loyalty to City-State
• Despite similar language & religion, the Greek polis were very different from each other,
especially how they were governed
Greek city-states had many different forms of Government:
• Monarchy: government ruled by a king
• Aristocracy: government ruled by wealthy nobles
• Oligarchy: government ruled by few (powerful) people
• Tyrant - Rules in name of the ”common man”
Democracy- Government ruled by the People
Athens =
“Birthplace of Democracy”
Evolution of Athens to Democracy
• Draco- imposes “draconian punishments "for crimes
• Solon- creates system to improve social divisions (elites vs. commoners)
• Free small farmers from debt servitude• For classes of citizens (wealth not birth)• Established ekklesia (citizen assembly)
• Cleisthenes- introduced reforms elevating the demos to political power
Cleisthenes Democratic Reforms
• 1. Creates 10 new tribes based on geography• 2. All freemen can debate issues and vote yes/no with
white or black rocks• 3. The ekklesia selects a 500 person council & judges,
council presents proposals to an assembly go all citizens
• 4. Ostracism- a bad politician can be banished for 10 years by the people
• 5. Selection by Lot- was introduced for choosing arches (used to be aristocrats) wealth didn’t matter
Answer the Essential Question
• How did democracy develop in ancient Greece?
• 3 paragraphs
• Using only the following resources:
• Textbook chapter 6 Section 2
• Lecture Notes
• Assignment due Monday
Athenian Education• Formal education
– Not for girls
– Boys sent to private schools (age 7)
• Grammar, reading, writing, math, music, oratory
• Only for upper classes
= Development of citizens who could participate in government and public affairs
9/21 Bell-Ringer
Review your notes and answer the following question:
How did democracy develop in Ancient Greece?
Review
• Direct participation = Direct Democracy– people vote on
everything = Key to Athenian democracy.
• U.S. today = Representative Democracy– vote for people to
make decisions for us.
SPARTA
Sparta Builds a Military State
• Isolated city-state • Culturally & politically
different = Athens• Oligarchy- government
ruled by a few. • - 2 Kings• Education= NOT
important.• Training to become a
good soldiers = Important.
• Helots = peasants forced to work the land
• Slaves of the state
– Not individually owned
– (not able to vote)
• 2/3 of population
• Attempted revolt 640 BCE
• Sparta = create a stronger army
Women
• Received training- Participation in sports in public
• Girls taught reading and writing
• Supervised farms
• Expected and driven to produce strong and healthy children & loyalty
• Could own and control property but held no political rights
Spartan Government: Military State
• Citizens - original inhabitants of Sparta
• Assembly– Government decision = all male
citizens were allowed to participate in.
• Council of Elders• 5 elected officials carried out laws• 2 kings ruled the military• Government = considered one of
the most stable in all of Ancient Greece =– led to a warrior and military
state (state above individual)
Social Class
• Three classes of people:• First class=• Only men born in Sparta were citizens.• Second class = Women & people who came from
other city-states or other countries. – Could own businesses – Couldn’t become citizens
• Free farmers and craftsmen (not able to vote)
• Third class= slaves: – Helots, slaves of the state (not able to vote)
Life of Spartan
• Rigorously trained from Birth– Boys taken from families at age 7
• Began their only career: a soldier
• Learned total obedience, superhuman endurance, and skills of a soldier.
• Age 20 - 30: Cadet, guarding the borders, policed the country & controlled the slaves.
• Age 30: Married, mature enjoyed rights and duties of a citizen until 60= military duty over, train youth or public service
• Lost only two battles in 500 years, terrifying in combat
RACE WRITING
• 5 paragraphs
• Compare and Contrast Athens and Sparta
• 3-4 sentences each paragraph
• 1 paragraph Sparta
• 1 paragraph Athens
• 3 paragraphs compare and contrast similarities and differences:
– Economy, Military, Education, Government, Etc.
Graphic Organizer: Compare and Contrast Athens and
Spartans Daily Lives
• Retake Quizzes
• Get information then fill out compare and contrast circle chart