Civil Disobedience Movement

General Information It aims at Not Obeying or Disobeying the orders of British Government.Started in 1930 after the withdrawal of Non-Cooperation Movement.Headed by Mahatma Gandhi.

Reasons for the Launch of CDMSplit of Indian National Congress.Economic Depression of 1920s.Simon Commission set up in 1927 under Sir John Simon.Radical Thinking of people demanding immediate freedom.

CDM In further ProcessOn no reply, Mahatma Gandhi declared the beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement on 11th march,1930. Mahatma Gandhis letter to Viceroy of India-Lord Irwin requested to grant some demands.

Two Important events in CDMDandi March

Gandhi-Irwin Pact

Dandi MarchMahatma Gandhi with his 78 followers marched from Sabarmati to Dandi.He reached Dandi on 6th April and violated the Salt Law by manufacturing salt.This movement spread with different names in different areas.

Gandhi-Irwin PactSigned on 5th March,1951 b/w British Government & INC.Some of its provisions are:-Mahatma Gandhi agreed to withdraw CDM and participate in 2nd Round Table Conference.British Government agreed to release all Political Prisoners.

Mahatma Gandhi called off CDM and went to London to attend Round Table Conference. But all the demands were rejected.So, after returning to India, he immediately restarted CDM.To suppress this movement, British sent Lord Willington, the new Viceroy of India who crushed this movement by arresting about 1.5 lac leaders.So, finally in 1934,he called off CDM. Results Of Gandhi-Irwin Pact

Mass Participation in CDMPeoples participation in CDM can be categorized under following categories:-FarmersBusinessmen and TradersThe working ClassWomens Group

Farmers ParticipationFarmers participated actively under 2 groups namely, Rich and Poor:-Rich farmers participated as they were not able to pay revenue due to Economic Depression.Poor farmers participated as they were landless farmers and wanted the unpaid rent to be cancelled.

Businessmen and Traders ParticipationBusinessmen participated to get protection from imported goods.

The Working Classs ParticipationThey did not participated actively except in Nagpur.The workers in Nagpur were active in participation. Others were away from CDM due to Businessmen and INC was also not interested in the working class.

Womens ParticipationWomen of all sections of society actively participated in CDM.They participated in Protest March, manufactured salt and picketed shops selling foreign goods.

Reasons for Failure of CDMNon-participation of Muslims in CDM. All the social groups did not participated in CDM, especially the weaker sections of the society.

Submitted By:-Pushkar AggarwalX-A31