Civil Engineering Drawing / Auto Cad

CE-01

Ammara Mubeen

SL Topics

1. Introduction

2. Lettering, Numbering and Dimensioning

3. Conic Section

4. Orthographic Projection

5. Section Views and Auxiliary Views

6. Isometric, Pictorial and Oblique Drawing

7. Development of Surfaces

8.Auto Cad Application

Importance of Engineering Drawing as graphic communication. Link between engineering drawing and other subjects of study.

I. S.O (International standards organization) specification for preparation of drawings.

Use of drawing instruments and materials. Basic Tools- classification and brief description.

Special Tools: Mini-drafter. Drafting Machine.

Scales, Recommended, reduced and enlarged scale.

Lines, Types of lines, Selection of line thickness.

Selection of Pencils.

Drawing sheets, different sheet sizes and standard layouts.

Care and maintenance of drawing material.

INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTIONWhat is Engineering Drawing

A fully developed language in its own right: A graphical language that Engineers understand all over the world irrespective native tongue. Communication between “DESIGNER and MANUFRACTURER”. BSI, ISO, BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards) set rules are followed.

Engineering Drawing RequirementsUnambiguous and ClearCompleteSuitable for duplicationLanguage IndependentConforms to standards

INTRODUCTIONBASIC LIST OF EQUIPMENTThe following list contains the selection of equipment

necessary for making instrument drawings.1. Case of drawing instruments2. Drawing surface (board or table)3. Drafting edge (T-square, parallel edge, drafting machine)4. Triangles (30o, 45o or adjustable)5. Scales6. Drawing Pencils7. Drafting Tape8. Eraser 9. Dry cleaning pad10.Erasing Shield11.Drawing Paper12.Tracing Paper or drafting film

Instruments

Instruments

Instruments

LINE TYPES

Types of Lines

Types of Lines

Types of Lines

Line Conventions Visible Lines – solid thick lines that represent visible edges or contours Hidden Lines – short evenly spaced dashes that depict hidden features Section Lines – solid thin lines that indicate cut surfaces Center Lines – alternating long and short dashes Dimensioning

Dimension Lines - solid thin lines showing dimension extent/direction Extension Lines - solid thin lines showing point or line to which dimension applies Leaders – direct notes, dimensions, symbols, part numbers, etc. to features on

drawing Cutting-Plane and Viewing-Plane Lines – indicate location of cutting planes

for sectional views and the viewing position for removed partial views Break Lines – indicate only portion of object is drawn. May be random

“squiggled” line or thin dashes joined by zigzags. Phantom Lines – long thin dashes separated by pairs of short dashes

indicate alternate positions of moving parts, adjacent position of related parts and repeated detail

Chain Line – Lines or surfaces with special requirements

Source: http://www.genium.com/pdf/dmpc.pdf

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Viewing-plane line

Extension lineDimension Line Center Line

Hidden Line

Break Line

Cutting-plane Line

Visible Line

Center Line (of motion)

Leader

VIEW B-BSECTION A-A

Section Line

Phantom Line

LetteringPlain GothicItalics are OKABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz

SketchingDrawings made without mechanical

drawing toolsFree-HandRulerSimple drawing

program

Should follow standards and conventionsFrom Course Text

Pictorial3-dimensional representations

One-point one vanishing point lines that are not vertical

or horizontal converge to single point in distance

Two-point or Three-point two or three vanishing points

With two points, vertical or horizontal lines parallel, but not both

With three-point, no lines are parallelIsometric

Drawing shows corner of object, but parallel lines on object are parallel in drawing

Shows three dimensions, but no vanishing point(s)

Source: “Introduction to Engineering”, by Paul Wright

One-point

Two-Point

Isometric

Orthographic / MultiviewDraw object from two / three perpendicular views

/ Orthographic

What it looks like pictorially

Section ViewsIf three views

are not enough, draw sections needed to completely describe the object.

Section A-A View B-B

ISO USA Sizes

LetterWidth Length

Letter inchesmm inches mm inches

          F 28.0 x 40.0

A0 841 33.11 1189 46.81 E 34.0 x 44.0

A1 594 23.39 841 33.11 D 22.0 x 34.0

A2 420 16.54 594 23.39 C 17.0 x 22.0

A3 297 11.69 420 16.54 B 11.0 x 17.0

A4 210 8.27 297 11.69 A 8.5 x 11.0

ISO Drawing Sheets Sizes

Recommended Books

1.Descriptive Geometry Abbot

2. Elementary Engineering Drawing N. D. Bhatt

5. I.S.I. Specification on drawing - S. C. Sharma

6. Engineering Drawing R. K. Dhawan

7.Fundamentals of Engineering Drawing

Warren J. Luzadder

8. Engineering Drawing Basant Agrawal

9.I.S.M. & S.S.M. on Technical Drawing

T.T.T.I., Madras

Title Block It should contain the following information The title of drawing The drawing and sheet number The Scale The angle of projection used Other information if required

“The scale is the ratio of the linear dimension of an element of an object as represented in the original drawing to the real linear dimension of

the same element of the object itself”

All drawings should be drawn to the scale for which the selected scale should be large enough to permit easy and clear interpretation.

Title Block

Title Block