Civil Jury Instructions

Judicial Council of CaliforniaCivil Jury Instructions

CACI** Pronounced Casey

As approved at theDecember 13, 2011, Judicial Council Meeting

1

Series 1002500

Judicial Council of CaliforniaAdvisory Committee on Civil Jury Instructions

Hon. H. Walter Croskey, Chair

LexisNexis Matthew BenderOfficial Publisher

0001 [ST: 1] [ED: m] [REL: 11] (Beg Group) Composed: Wed Dec 14 11:25:40 EST 2011XPP 8.3C.1 SP #1 FM000150 nllp 1283 [PW=514pt PD=720pt TW=352pt TD=528pt]

VER: [FM000150-Master:23 Aug 08 10:45][MX-SECNDARY: 10 Dec 11 09:12][TT-: 23 Sep 11 07:01 loc=usa unit=01283-fmvol001] 0

This version provided by LexisNexis Matthew Bender, Official Publisher, 800-533-1637, www.lexisnexis.com/bookstore, for public and internal court use.

QUESTIONS ABOUT THIS PUBLICATION?

For questions about the Editorial Content appearing in these volumes or reprint permission,please call:Andrew D. Watry, J.D. at ................................................................. 1-800-424-0651 Ext. 3268Email: ............................................................................................. [email protected] Clayton at ............................................................................... 1-800-424-0651 Ext. 3426Email: ............................................................................................. [email protected] the United States and Canada, please call . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (415) 908-3200

For assistance with replacement pages, shipments, billing or other customer service matters,please call:Customer Services Department at . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (800) 833-9844Outside the United States and Canada, please call . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (518) 487-3000Fax Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (518) 487-3584Customer Service Website . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . http://www.lexisnexis.com/custserv/

For information on other Matthew Bender publications, please call:Your account manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (800) 223-1940Outside the United States and Canada, please call . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (518) 487-3000

ISSN: 1549-7100ISBN: 978-1-4224-9790-6 (print)ISBN: 978-1-4224-8442-5 (eBook)

2012 by the Judicial Council of California. All rights reserved. No copyright is claimed by the JudicialCouncil of California to the Table of Contents, Table of Statutes, Table of Cases, Index, or the Tables ofRelated Instructions. 2012, Matthew Bender & Company, Inc., a member of the LexisNexis Group. No copyright is claimed byMatthew Bender & Company to the jury instructions, verdict forms, Directions for Use, Sources andAuthority, Users Guide, Life Expectancy Tables, or Disposition Table.

CITE THIS BOOK: Judicial Council of California Civil Jury Instructions (2012)Cite these instructions: CACI No. _________.Cite these verdict forms: CACI No. VF- _________.

Editorial Offices121 Chanlon Rd., New Providence, NJ 07974 (908) 464-6800201 Mission St., San Francisco, CA 94105-1831 (415) 908-3200www.lexisnexis.com

(Pub. 1283)

0002 [ST: 1] [ED: m] [REL: 11] Composed: Wed Dec 14 11:25:40 EST 2011XPP 8.3C.1 SP #1 FM000150 nllp 1283 [PW=514pt PD=720pt TW=352pt TD=528pt]



Preface to CACI UpdatesThis edition of CACI includes a number of additions and changes to the instructions,

which were first published in 2003. In providing these updates, the Judicial CouncilAdvisory Committee on Civil Jury Instructions is fulfilling its charge to maintainCACI. The committee is also striving to add instructions in new areas of the law and toaugment existing areas.

The impetus for the revisions came from several sources including CACI users whodetected changes in the law or who simply sought to do a better job of explaining thelaw in plain English. Responding to feedback from users is consistent with theAdvisory Committees goal to act as a vehicle for maintaining CACI as the workproduct of the legal community. We hope that our hundreds of contributors view ourrole in the same way and that they will continue to support us.

December 2011

H. Walter Croskey, Associate JusticeCourt of Appeal, Second Appellate District, Division ThreeChair, Advisory Committee on Civil Jury Instructions

______________________________________________________________________

The Advisory Committee on Civil Jury Instructions welcomes comments. Sendprint comments to:

Advisory Committee on Civil Jury InstructionsAttn. Bruce Greenleec/o Administrative Office of the CourtsOffice of the General Counsel455 Golden Gate AvenueSan Francisco, CA 94102-3588

Or you may send comments by e-mail to [email protected].

iii (Pub. 1283)




(Pub. 1283)




Table of New and Revised JudicialCouncil of California Civil JuryInstructions (CACI)

December 2011

This 2012 Edition of CACI includes all of the new and revised California Civil JuryInstructions approved by the Judicial Council of California at its meeting of December13, 2011.

PRETRIAL

CACI No. 100. Preliminary Admonitions (revised)

CONTRACTS

CACI No. 325. Breach of Covenant of Good Faith and Fair Dealing-Essential Factual Elements(sources and authority)

CACI No. 333. Affirmative Defense-Economic Duress (revised)

NEGLIGENCE

CACI No. 400. Negligence-Essential Factual Elements (revised)

CACI No. 408. Primary Assumption of Risk-Liability of Coparticipant in Sport or Other Activity(revised)

CACI No. 417. Special Doctrines: Res ipsa loquitur (revised)

CACI No. 419. Presumption of Negligence per se (Causation Only at Issue) (revised)

CACI No. 426. Negligent Hiring, Supervision, or Retention of Employee (sources and authority)

CACI No. 427. Furnishing Alcoholic Beverages to Minors (Civ. Code, 1714(d)) (new)

CACI No. 432. Affirmative Defense-Causation: Third-Party Conduct as Superseding Cause(revised)

CACI No. 450B. Good Samaritan-Scene of Emergency (revised)

CACI No. 451. Affirmative Defense-Contractual Assumption of Risk (revised)

CACI No. 453. Injury Incurred in Course of Rescue (revised)

CACI No. 454. Affirmative Defense-Statute of Limitations (sources and authority)

CACI No. 455. Affirmative Defense-Delayed Discovery (sources and authority)

CACI No. 456. Defendant Estopped From Asserting Statute of Limitations Defense (sources andauthority)

CACI No. VF-403. Primary Assumption of Risk-Liability of Coparticipant (revised)

MEDICAL NEGLIGENCE

v (Pub. 1283)




CACI No. 500. Medical Negligence-Essential Factual Elements (revised)

CACI No. 518. Medical Malpractice: Res ipsa loquitur (revised)

PROFESSIONAL NEGLIGENCE

CACI No. 610. Affirmative Defense-Statute of Limitations-Attorney Malpractice-One-YearLimit (Code Civ. Proc., 340.6) (sources and authority)

CACI No. 611. Affirmative Defense-Statute of Limitations-Attorney Malpractice-Four-YearLimit (Code Civ. Proc., 340.6) (sources and authority)

MOTOR VEHICLES AND HIGHWAY SAFETY

CACI No. 724. Negligent Entrustment of Motor Vehicle (sources and authority)

PREMISES LIABILITY

CACI No. 1000. Premises Liability-Essential Factual Elements (revised)

CACI No. 1009A. Liability to Employees of Independent Contractors for Unsafe ConcealedConditions (revised)

CACI No. 1009B, Liability to Employees of Independent Contractors for Unsafe Conditions-Retained Control (revised)

CACI No. 1009C. Liability to Employee of Independent Contractors for Unsafe Conditions-Nondelegable Duty (revoked)

CACI No. 1009D. Liability to Employees of Independent Contractors for Unsafe Conditions-Defective Equipment (revised)

DANGEROUS CONDITION OF PUBLIC PROPERTY

CACI No. 1102. Definition of Dangerous Condition (Gov. Code, 830(a)) (sources andauthority)

PRODUCTS LIABILITY

CACI No. 1203. Strict Liability-Design Defect-Consumer Expectation Test-Essential FactualElements (sources and authority)

CACI No. 1205. Strict Liability-Failure to Warn-Essential Factual Elements (revised)

CACI No. 1246. Affirmative Defense-Design Defect-Government Contractor (sources andauthority)

CACI No. VF-1201. Strict Products Liability-Design Defect-Consumer Expectation Test-Affirmative Defense-Misuse or Modification (revised)

CACI No. VF-1203. Strict Products Liability-Failure to Warn (revised)

FALSE IMPRISONMENT

CACI No. 1400. No Arrest Involved-Essential Factual Elements (revised)

CACI No. 1403. False Arrest Without Warrant by Private Citizen-Essential Factual Elements(revised)

CACI No. 1405. False Arrest With Warrant-Essential Factual Elements (revised)

vi (Pub. 1283)




CACI No. 1407. Unnecessary Delay in Processing/Releasing-Essential Factual Elements(revised)

FRAUD OR DECEIT

CACI No. 1901. Concealment (sources and authority)

TRESPASS

CACI No. 2021. Private Nuisance-Essential Factual Elements (revised)

CACI No. VF-2006. Private Nuisance (revised)

WRONGFUL TERMINATION

CACI No. 2406. Breach of Employment Contract-Unspecified Term-Damages (revised)

CACI No. 2430. Wrongful Discharge/Demotion in Violation of Public Policy-Essential FactualElements (sources and authority)

FAIR EMPLOYMENT AND HOUSING ACT

CACI No. 2500. Disparate Treatment-Essential Factual Elements (Gov. Code, 12940(a))(sources and authority)

CACI No. 2505. Retaliation (Gov. Code, 12940(h)) (sources and authority)

CACI No. 2508. Failure to File Timely Administrative Complaint (Gov. Code, 12960(d))-Plaintiff Alleges Continuing Violation (revised)

CACI No. 2522A. Hostile Work Environment Harassment-Conduct Directed at Plaintiff-Essential Factual Elements-Individual Defendant (Gov. Code, 12940(j)) (sources andauthority)

CACI No. 2526. Affirmative Defense-Avoidable Consequences Doctrine (Sexual Harassment bya Supervisor) (revised)

CACI No. 2540. Disability Discrimination-Disparate Treatment-Essential Factual Elements(sources and authority)

CACI No. 2541. Disability Discrimination-Reasonable Accommodation-Essential FactualElements (Gov. Code, 12940(m)) (revised)

CACI No. 2544. Disability Discrimination-Affirmative Defense-Health or Safety Risk (sourcesand authority)

CALIFORNIA FAMILY RIGHTS ACT

CACI No. 2600. Violation of CFRA Rights-Essential Factual Elements (sources and authority)

CACI No. 2620. CFRA Rights Retaliation-Essential Factual Elements (sources and authority)

WORKERS COMPENSATION

CACI No. 2804. Removal or Noninstallation of Power Press Guards-Essential Factual Elements(Lab. Code, 4558) (revised)

CACI No. VF-2803. Removal or Noninstallation of Power Press Guards (Lab. Code, 4558)(revised)

FEDERAL EMPLOYERS LIABILITY ACT

vii (Pub. 1283)




CACI No. 2900. FELA-Essential Factual Elements (revised)

CACI No. 2903. Causation-Negligence (sources and authority)

CACI No. 2904. Comparative Fault (sources and authority)

CACI No. 2942. Damages for Death of Employee (revised)

CIVIL RIGHTS

CACI No. 3001. Excessive Use of Force-Unreasonable Arrest or Other Seizure-Essential FactualElements (sources and authority)

CACI No. 3009. Local Government Liability-Failure to Train-Essential Factual Elements (42U.S.C. 1983) (revised)

CACI No. 3017. Supervisory Liability for Acts of Subordinates (42 U.S.C. 1983) (revised)

CACI No. 3020. Unruh Civil Rights Act-Essential Factual Elements (Civ. Code, 51, 52)(revised)

CACI No. 3021. Unruh Civil Rights Act-Boycott, etc.-Essential Factual Elements (Civ. Code, 51.5) (sources and authority)

CACI No. VF-3006. Public Entity Liability-Failure to Train (42 U.S.C. 1983) (revised)

ELDER ABISE AND DEPENDENT ADULT CIVIL PROTECTION ACT

CACI No. 3101. Financial Abuse-Decedents Pain and Suffering (Welf. & Inst. Code, 15657.5)(sources and authority)

CACI No. 3103. Neglect-Essential Factual Elements (Welf. & Inst. Code, 15610.57) (sourcesand authority)

CACI No. 3104. Neglect-Enhanced Remedies Sought (Welf. & Inst. Code, 15657) (sourcesand authority)

CACI No. 3116. Fraud Explained (sources and authority)

SONG-BEVERLY CONSUMER WARRANTY ACT

CACI No. 3200. Failure to Repurchase or Replace Consumer Good After Reasonable Number ofRepair Opportunities-Essential Factual Elements (Civ. Code, 1793.2(d)) (revised)

CACI No. 3201. Failure to Promptly Repurchase or Replace New Motor Vehicle AfterReasonable Number of Repair Opportunities-Essential Factual Elements (revised)

CACI No. 3205. Failure to Begin Repairs Within Reasonable Time or to Complete RepairsWithin 30 Days-Essential Factual Elements (Civ. Code, 1793.2(b)) (new)

CACI No. 3240. Reimbursement Damages-Consumer Goods (Civ. Code, 1793.2(d)(1),1794(b)) (revised)

CACI No. 3241. Restitution From Manufacturer-New Motor Vehicle (Civ. Code, 1793.2(d)(2), 1794(b)) (revised)

CACI No. 3242. Incidental Damages (revised)

CACI No. 3243. Consequential Damages (revised)

CACI No. 3244. Civil Penalty-Willful Violation (Civ. Code, 1794(e)) (revised)

viii (Pub. 1283)




CACI No. VF-3200. Failure to Repurchase or Replace Consumer Good After ReasonableNumber of Repair Opportunities (revised)

CACI No. VF-3202. Failure to Repurchase or Replace Consumer Good After ReasonableNumber of Repair Opportunities-Affirmative Defense-Unauthorized or Unreasonable Use (Civ.Code, 1793.2(d)) (revised)

VICARIOUS RESPONSIBILITY

CACI No. 3712. Joint Ventures (revised)

DAMAGES

CACI No. 3903A. Medical Expenses-Past and Future (Economic Damage) (sources andauthority)

CACI No. 3903J. Damage to Personal Property (Economic Damage) (revised)

CACI No. 3905A. Physical Pain, Mental Suffering, and Emotional Distress (NoneconomicDamage) (revised)

CACI No. 3920. Loss of Consortium (Noneconomic Damage) (sources and authority)

BREACH OF FIDUCIARY DUTY

CACI No. 4120. Affirmative Defense-Statute of Limitations (sources and authority)

UNIFORM FRAUDULENT TRANSFERS ACT

CACI No. VF-4200. Actual Intent to Defraud Creditors-Affirmative Defense-Good Faith (new)

CACI No. VF-4201. Constructive Fraudulent Transfer (new)

CACI No. VF-4202. Constructive Fraudulent Transfer-Insolvency (new)

UNLAWFUL DETAINER

CACI No. 4302. Termination for Failure to Pay Rent-Essential Factual Elements (revised)

CACI No. 4303. Sufficiency and Service of Notice of Termination for Failure to Pay Rent(revised)

CACI No. 4304. Termination for Violation of Terms of Lease/Agreement-Essential FactualElements (revised)

CACI No. 4305. Sufficiency and Service of Notice of Termination for Violation of Terms ofAgreement (revised)

CACI No. 4306. Termination of Month-to-Month Tenancy-Essential Factual Elements (revised)

CACI No. 4307. Sufficiency and Service of Notice of Termination of Month-to-Month Tenancy(revised)

CACI No. 4308. Termination for Nuisance or Unlawful Use-Essential Factual Elements (CodeCiv. Proc., 1161(4)) (revised)

CACI No. 4309. Sufficiency and Service of Notice for Nuisance or Unlawful Use (revised)

CACI No. 4324. Affirmative Defense-Waiver by Acceptance of Rent (revised)

CACI No. 4328. Affirmative Defense-Tenant Was Victim of Domestic Violence, Sexual Assault,or Stalking (Code Civ. Proc., 1161.3) (new)

ix (Pub. 1283)




CONSTRUCTION LAW

CACI No. 4532. Owners Damages for Breach of Construction Contract-Liquidated DamagesUnder Contract for Delay (revised)

CACI No. 4550. Affirmative Defense-Statute of Limitations-Patent Construction Defect (CodeCiv. Proc., 337.1) (new)

CACI No. 4551. Affirmative Defense-Statute of Limitations-Latent Construction Defect (CodeCiv. Proc., 337.15) (new)

CONCLUDING

CACI No. 5007. Removal of Claims or Parties and Remaining Claims and Parties (revised)

CACI No. 5020. Demonstrative Evidence (new)

USER GUIDE

Uncontested Elements and Irrelevant Factors (updated)

x (Pub. 1283)




Table of Derived, Renumbered,Replaced, Revoked Instructions

450 Revoked June 2010; replaced by 450A, 450B December 2010450A Derived from 450 December 2010450B Derived from 450 December 2010503 Replaced by 503A, 503B April 2007503A Derived from 503 April 2007503B Derived from 503 April 2007530 Replaced by 530A, 530B April 2007530A Derived from 530 April 2007530B Derived from 530 April 2007605 Renumbered to 4106 December 2007802 Revoked February 20071009 Replaced by 1009A, 1009B February 20071009A Derived from 1009 February 20071009B Derived from 1009 February 20071009C Revoked December 20111009D Derived from 1009B April 20091207 Replaced by 1207A, 1207B April 20091207A Derived from 1207 April 20091207B Derived from 1207 April 20091240 Revoked June 2010; restored December 20101503 Revoked October 20081504 Revoked October 20081804 Replaced by 1804A, 1804B April 20081804A Derived from 1804 April 20081804B Derived from 1804 April 20081806 Revoked December 2007VF-1805 Revoked December 2007VF-1806 Revoked December 2007VF-2302 Revoked April 20082521 Replaced by 2521A, 2521B, 2521C December 20072521A Derived from 2521 December 20072521B Derived from 2521 December 20072521C Derived from 2521 December 20072522 Replaced by 2522A, 2522B, 2522C December 20072522A Derived from 2522 December 2007

xi (Pub. 1283)




2522B Derived from 2522 December 20072522C Derived from 2522 December 2007VF-2506 Replaced by VF-2506A, VF-2506B, VF-2506C December 2007VF-2506A Derived from VF-2506 December 2007VF-2506B Derived from VF-2506 December 2007VF-2506C Derived from VF-2506 December 2007VF-2507 Replaced by VF-2507A, VF-2507B, VF-2507C December 2007VF-2507A Derived from VF-2507 December 2007VF-2507B Derived from VF-2507 December 2007VF-2507C Derived from VF-2507 December 20073010 Renumbered to 3013 December 20101

3013 Renumbered to 3017 December 20102

3023 Replaced by 3023A, 3023B December 20093023A Derived from 3023 December 20093023B Derived from 3023 December 20093102 Replaced by 3102A, 3102B October 20083102A Derived from 3102 October 20083102B Derived from 3102 October 20083105 Revoked October 20083108 Revoked October 20083111 Revoked October 20083904 Renumbered to 3904A December 20104106 Renumbered to 4120 December 20073

1 Current CACI No. 3010 was created in December 2010.2 Current CACI No. 3013 is former CACI No. 3010, which was renumbered to that slot in

December 2010.3 Current CACI No. 4106 is former CACI No. 605, which was renumbered to that slot in

December 2007.

xii (Pub. 1283)




Judicial Council Advisory Committee on Civil Jury InstructionsAppointed by the Honorable Chief Justice Ronald M. George

HON. H. WALTER CROSKEYChair

COMMITTEE MEMBERSHON. VICTORIA M. CHAVEZ HON. JAMES A. RICHMANMR. JONATHAN M. EISENBERG MR. TODD M. SCHNEIDERMR. ROBERT A. GOODIN MR. RICHARD L. SEABOLTHON. ELIZABETH A. GRIMES MS. CHRISTINE SPAGNOLIHON. HAROLD W. HOPP HON. MARTIN J. TANGEMANHON. RAYMOND J. IKOLA HON. LYNN O MALLEY TAYLOR (RET.)MR. MICHAEL A. KELLY PROF. PETER TIERSMAHON. MONICA MARLOW HON. JON S. TIGARMR. JOSEPH P. MCMONIGLE MR. ROBERT S. WARRENHON. RICHARD J. MCADAMS HON. JOHN SHEPARD WILEY JR.MR. JOHN E. PORTER

ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE OF THE COURTSMR. WILLIAM C. VICKREY, DIRECTOR

MR. RONALD G. OVERHOLT, CHIEF DEPUTY DIRECTOR

OFFICE OF THE GENERAL COUNSELMS. MARY ROBERTS, GENERAL COUNSEL

MR. BRUCE GREENLEE, ATTORNEY

xiii (Pub. 1283)




(Pub. 1283)




Judicial Council of California

Hon. Tani Gorre Cantil-Sakauye,Chair

Hon. Judith Ashmann-Gerst Ms. Miriam Aroni KrinskyHon. Stephen H. Baker Ms. Edith R. MatthaiHon. Marvin R. Baxter Hon. Douglas P. MillerMs. Angela J. Davis Hon. Mary Ann OMalleyHon. Noreen Evans Hon. Burt PinesHon. Mike Feuer Mr. Mark P. Robinson, Jr.,Hon. James E. Herman Hon. Kenneth K. SoHon. Harry E. Hull, Jr. Hon. Sharon J. WatersHon. Teri L. Jackson Hon. David S. WesleyHon. Ira R. Kaufman Hon. Erica R. Yew

Advisory Members

Hon. Sue Alexander Mr. Frederick K. OhlrichMr. Alan Carlson Hon. David RosenbergHon. David F. De Alba Hon. David M. RubinHon. Terry B. Friedman (Ret.) Ms. Kim TurnerHon. Robert James Moss Mr. David H. Yamasaki

The Judicial Council is the policymaking body of the California courts. Under the leadership ofthe Chief Justice and in accordance with the California Constitution, the council is responsible forensuring the consistent, independent, impartial, and accessible administration of justice.

xv (Pub. 1283)




(Pub. 1283)




Preface

These instructions represent the work of a task force on jury instructions appointedby Chief Justice Ronald M. George in 1997. The task forces charge was to writeinstructions that are legally accurate and understandable to the average juror. The sixyear effort responded to a perceived need for instructions written in plain English andthe specific recommendation of the Blue Ribbon Commission on Jury SystemImprovement.

Jurors perform an invaluable service in our democracy, making important decisionsthat affect many aspects of our society. The Judicial Council instructions attempt toclarify the legal principles jurors must consider in reaching their decisions. Theinstructions were prepared by a statewide, broad-based task force consisting of court ofappeal justices, trial judges, attorneys, academics, and lay people. They are approvedby the Judicial Council as the states official jury instructions under the CaliforniaRules of Court (see now Cal. Rules of Court, Rule 2.1050(a)). The Rules of Courtprovide that the use of these instructions is strongly encouraged (see now Cal. Rules ofCourt, Rule 2.1050(e)).

These instructions were prepared with a minimum of three steps: staff attorneydrafts, subcommittee refinement, and full task force consideration. Initial drafts of theinstructions were prepared by staff attorneys in the Administrative Office of the Courtsin San Francisco, primarily Lyn Hinegardner. Lawyers throughout the state providedsubject-matter expertise and, in some cases, sets of instructions from which the taskforce began its drafting. These instructions were submitted to the legal community forcomment and, in responding, hundreds of attorneys and judges provided valuableassistance. Several organizations, most particularly State Bar sections, providedinvaluable input. A list of people and organizations who contributed to this effortfollows; we apologize to those who have been omitted through oversight.

We are grateful to the publisher of this work. Representatives of LexisNexisMatthew Bender worked closely with us to prepare the jury instructions for publication.We appreciate their efficiency and courtesy.

We would also like to express our appreciation to our predecessor. The people ofCalifornia and the legal community have been well served for over 60 years by BAJI,California Jury Instructions, Civil, Book of Approved Jury Instructions, written by acommittee of the Superior Court of California, County of Los Angeles. That we havetaken a very different approach to drafting of instructions does not detract from thehistoric importance of work done by the BAJI committee.

We believe that these instructions go a long way toward achieving the goal of aplain-English explanation of the law. These instructions, like the law, will be constantlychanging. Change will come not only through appellate decisions and legislation butalso through the observations and comments of the legal community. The JudicialCouncil Advisory Committee on Civil Jury Instructions, which has the responsibility of

xvii (Pub. 1283)




maintaining these instructions, welcomes your comments and suggestions forimprovement.

September 2003

James D. Ward, Associate JusticeCourt of Appeal, Fourth Appellate District, Division TwoVice-Chair, Task Force on Jury InstructionsChair, Civil Instruction Section

xviii (Pub. 1283)




Judicial Council Task Force on Jury InstructionsCivil Instructions Subcommittee

Hon. James D. Ward, Chair Hon. Carolyn B. KuhlProf. Lee Campbell Ms. Edith R. MatthaiMr. William B. Chapman Hon. Michael B. OrfieldHon. H. Walter Croskey Hon. Stuart R. PollakHon. Barton C. Gaut Mr. Tyler PonMs. Janet M. Green Hon. Ignazio J. RuvoloHon. Joseph B. Harvey Mr. Daniel U. SmithHon. Harry E. Hull, Jr. Ms. Christine SpagnoliMr. Michael A. Kelly Hon. Lynn OMalley Taylor

The following persons and organizations have assisted the Task Force and theAdvisory Committee in the preparation and maintenance of the Judicial Council of

California Civil Jury Instructions (CACI):

Organizations

Alameda County Eviction Defense CenterAntitrust and Unfair Competition Section of the State BarAssociation of California House CounselAssociation of Defense Counsel of Northern California and NevadaAssociation of Southern California Defense CounselCalifornia Apartment AssociationCalifornia Association of Marriage and Family TherapistsCalifornia Dental AssociationCalifornia Employment Lawyers AssociationCalifornia Hospital AssociationCalifornia Judges AssociationCalifornia Legal Services Eviction Defense CenterCalifornia Medical AssociationCalifornia Psychiatric AssociationCalifornia State Bar Committee on Administration of JusticeCalifornia State Bar Intellectual Property Section Standing Committee on TradeSecretsCalifornia State Bar Labor and Employment Law SectionCalifornia State Bar Litigation Section Jury Instructions CommitteeCalifornians Allied for Patient ProtectionCalifornians for Disability RightsCapitol City Trial Lawyers Association

xix (Pub. 1283)




Central California Legal ServicesCity and County of San Francisco City AttorneyCivil Justice Association of CaliforniaCivil Rights ForumConsumer Attorneys Association of Los AngelesConsumer Attorneys of CaliforniaCounty Counsels Association of CaliforniaDisability Rights CaliforniaDisability Rights Legal CenterEast Bay Tenants Bar AssociationInland Chapter, Consumer Attorneys of CaliforniaJudicial Council Access and Fairness Advisory CommitteeLegal Committee of Employers GroupLegal Services of Northern CaliforniaLesbian and Gay Lawyers Association of Los AngelesNational Association of Railroad Trial CounselNavigant ConsultingOrange County Bar AssociationOrange County Bar Association Administration of Justice CommitteeOrange County Superior Court Rules and Forms CommitteePRC-DeSoto International, Inc.Product Liability Advisory CouncilPublic Law CenterSan Bernardino Superior Court Legal Research DepartmentSan Francisco Trial Lawyers AssociationSanta Monica Rent Control BoardSouthern California Defense CounselState Farm Insurance Co.State of California Department of Justice3M CompanyToyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc.Ventura County Self Represented Litigants CenterWestern Center on Law and Poverty

xx (Pub. 1283)




Former advisory committee members

Hon. Gail A. Andler Hon. Charles W. McCoy, Jr.Mr. Terry D. Bridges Hon. James A. McIntyreHon. William J. Cahill (Ret.) Hon. Michael B. OrfieldHon. J. Gary Hastings Hon Stuart R. PollakMr. Leonard C. Herr Mr. Tyler PonProfessor James Hogan Professor Paul RosenthalHon. Harold W. Hopp Mr. Roman SilberfeldHon Harry E. Hull Jr. Hon. Diana Becton SmithMs. Edith R. Matthai Hon. John M. TrueHon. Jamie Jacobs-May Hon. Charles D. WachobHon. Steven J. Kane Hon. Stuart T. Waldrip (Ret.)Hon. Holly E. Kendig

Current and former Administrative Office of the Courts staff attorneys

Babcock, Starr Hinegardner, LynClay-Conti, Donna Johnson, Melissa W.Foster, David A. Mattson, Cheryl L.Grunberg, Rachel S. Seeley, RobinHansen, Sue C. Vonk, Cara M.

xxi (Pub. 1283)




Members of the judiciary

Hon. David Abbott Hon. Quentin L. KoppHon. Andrew P. Banks Hon. Barbara A. KronlundHon. Elizabeth Baron (Ret.) Hon. Barbara A. LaneHon. James A. Bascue Hon. William A. MacLaughlinHon. Carlos Bea Hon. Jean E. MatusinkaJudge Mark W. Bennett Hon. Ollie Marie-VictoireHon. Donald S. Black Hon. Barbara A. MeiersHon. Brad Boeckman Hon. Charlene Padovani MitchellHon. Steven A. Brick Hon. Eileen C. MooreHon. Ming W. Chin Hon. Leslie NicholsHon. Dennis Choate Hon. Joanne B. ODonnellHon. Frank Cliff Hon. Steven. L. PerkHon. Thierry Patrick Colaw Hon. David W. PerkinsHon. Jacqueline A. Connor Hon. Glen M. ReiserHon. Corey S. Cramin Hon. Charles B. RenfrewHon. Ralph W. Dau Hon. James A. RobertsonHon. James Di Cesare Hon. Steven RoddaHon. Wallace P. Douglass Hon. Alan S. RosenfeldHon. Albert Dover Hon. Laurence K. SawyerHon. Lynn Duryee Hon. Harvey A. SchneiderHon. Robert A Dukes Hon. Ronald M. SohigianHon. Norman L. Epstein Hon. Ronald L. StynHon. David Flinn Hon. Gary TranbargerHon. Debra L. Givens Hon. James R. TrembathHon. Geoffrey T. Glass Hon. Rolf M. TreuHon. James P. Gray Hon. David ValasquezHon. Margaret M. Grignon (Ret.) Hon. Brian R. Van CampHon. Judy Hersher Hon. John P. Vander FeerHon. William F. Highberger Hon. Kathryn Mickle WerdegarHon. Dallas Holmes Hon Diane E. WickHon. Talmadge Jones Hon. Mary E. WissHon. Irwin H. Joseph Hon. Roy Wonder (Ret.)

xxii (Pub. 1283)




Members of the bar and others

xxiii (Pub. 1283)




xxiv (Pub. 1283)




xxv (Pub. 1283)




(Pub. 1283)




Guide for Using Judicial Council of California Civil JuryInstructions

Ease of understanding by jurors, without sacrificing accuracy, is the primary goal ofthese Judicial Council instructions. A secondary goal is ease of use by lawyers. Thisguide provides an introduction to the instructions, explaining conventions and featuresthat will assist in the use of both the print and electronic editions.

Jury Instructions as a Statement of the Law: While jury instructions are not a primarysource of the law, they are a statement or compendium of the law, a secondary source.That the instructions are in plain English does not change their status as an accuratestatement of the law.

Instructions Approved by Rule of Court: Rule 2.1050 of the California Rules of Courtprovides: The California jury instructions approved by the Judicial Council are theofficial instructions for use in the state of California . . . The Judicial Council endorsesthese instructions for use and makes every effort to ensure that they accurately stateexisting law . . . Use of the Judicial Council instructions is strongly encouraged.

Using the Instructions

Revision Dates: The original date of approval and all revision dates of each instructionare presented. An instruction is considered as having been revised if there is anontechnical change to the title, instruction text, or Directions for Use. Additions orchanges to the Sources and Authority and Secondary Sources do not generate a newrevision date.

Directions for Use: The instructions contain Directions for Use. The directions alert theuser to special circumstances involving the instruction and may include references toother instructions that should or should not be used. In some cases the directions includesuggestions for modifications or for additional instructions that may be required. Beforeusing any instruction, reference should be made to the Directions for Use.

Sources and Authority: Each instruction sets forth the primary sources that present thebasic legal principles that support the instruction. Applicable statutes are presentedalong with quoted material from cases that pertain to the subject matter of theinstruction. The Sources and Authority are not meant to provide a complete analysis ofthe legal subject of the instruction. Rather, they provide a starting point for further legalresearch on the subject. Secondary Sources are also provided for treatises and practiceguides from a variety of legal publishers.

Instructions for the Common Case: These instructions were drafted for the commontype of case and can be used as drafted in most cases. When unique or complexcircumstances prevail, users will have to adapt the instructions to the particular case.

Multiple Parties: Because jurors more easily understand instructions that refer toparties by name rather than by legal terms such as plaintiff and defendant, theinstructions provide for insertion of names. For simplicity of presentation, theinstructions use single party plaintiffs and defendants as examples. If a case involvesmultiple parties or cross-complaints, the user will usually need to modify the parties in

xxvii (Pub. 1283)




the instructions. Rather than naming a number of parties in each place calling for names,the user may consider putting the names of all applicable parties in the beginning andthereafter identifying them as plaintiffs, defendants, cross-complaints, etc.Different instructions often apply to different parties. The user should only include theparties to whom each instruction applies.

Related California Jury Instructions, Civil, Book of Approved Jury Instructions(BAJI): This publication includes, at the end of the instructions, tables of related BAJIinstructions. However, the Judicial Council instructions include topics not covered byBAJI, such as antitrust, federal civil rights, lemon law, trespass and conversion and theCalifornia Family Rights Act.

Reference to Harm in Place of Damage or Injury: In many of the instructions,the word harm is used in place of damage, injury or other similar words. The draftersof the instructions felt that this word was clearer to jurors.

Substantial Factor: The instructions frequently use the term substantial factor tostate the element of causation, rather than referring to cause and then defining thatterm in a separate instruction as a substantial factor. An instruction that definessubstantial factor is located in the Negligence series. The use of the instruction is notintended to be limited to cases involving negligence.

Listing of Elements and Factors: For ease of understanding, elements of causes ofaction or affirmative defenses are listed by numbers (e.g., 1, 2, 3) and factors to beconsidered by jurors in their deliberations are listed by letters (e.g., a, b, c)

Uncontested Elements: In many cases, elements that are uncontested may be omitted.For example, the requirement that the plaintiff in an age discrimination case must be age40 or older may be obvious to the jury and safely omitted. In other cases, however,omitting uncontested elements may leave the jury with an incomplete understanding ofthe cause of action and the plaintiffs full burden of proof. In these cases, it is better toinclude all the elements and then indicate that one or more of them have been agreed toby the parties as not at issue. One possible approach is as follows:

To establish this claim, [plaintiff] must prove all of the following:

1. That [plaintiff] and [defendant] entered into a contract (which is not disputedin this case);

2. That [plaintiff] did all, or substantially all, of the significant things that thecontract required it to do (which is also not disputed in this case);

3. That all conditions required for [defendant]s performance had occurred(which is also not disputed in this case);

Irrelevant Factors: Factors are matters that the jury might consider in determiningwhether a partys burden of proof on the elements has been met. A list of possiblefactors may include some that have no relevance to the case and on which no evidencewas presented. These irrelevant factors may safely be omitted from the instruction.

Burdens of Proof: The applicable burden of proof is included within each instructionexplaining a cause of action or affirmative defense. The drafters felt that placing the

xxviii (Pub. 1283)




burden of proof in that position provided a clearer explanation for the jurors.

Affirmative Defenses: For ease of understanding by users, all instructions explainingaffirmative defenses use the term affirmative defense in the title.

Titles and Definitions

Titles of Instructions: Titles to instructions are directed to lawyers and sometimes usewords and phrases not used in the instructions themselves. Since the title is not a partof the instruction, the titles may be removed before presentation to the jury.

Definitions of Legal Terms: The instructions avoid separate definitions of legal termswhenever possible. Instead, definitions have been incorporated into the language of theinstructions. In some instances (e.g., specific statutory definitions) it was not possible toavoid providing a separate definition.

Evidence

Circumstantial Evidence: The words indirect evidence have been substituted for theexpression circumstantial evidence. In response to public comment on the subject,however, the drafters added a sentence indicating that indirect evidence is sometimesknown as circumstantial evidence.

Preponderance of the Evidence: To simplify the instructions language, the draftersavoided the phrase preponderance of the evidence and the verb preponderate. Theinstructions substitute in place of that phrase reference to evidence that is more likelyto be true than not true.

Using Verdict Forms

Verdict Forms are Models: A large selection of special verdict forms accompany theinstructions. Users of the forms must bear in mind that these are models only. Rarely canthey be used without modifications to fit the circumstances of a particular case.

Purpose of Verdict Forms: The special verdict forms generally track the elements ofthe applicable cause of action. Their purpose is to obtain the jurys finding on theelements defined in the instructions. The special verdict must present the conclusionsof fact as established by the evidence, and not the evidence to prove them; and thoseconclusions of fact must be so presented as that nothing shall remain to the court but todraw from them conclusions of law. (Code Civ. Proc., 624; see Trujillo v. NorthCounty Transit Dist. (1998) 63 Cal.App.4th 280, 285 [73 Cal.Rptr.2d 596].) Modifica-tions made to the instructions in particular cases ordinarily will require correspondingmodifications to the special verdict form.

Multiple Parties: The verdict forms have been written to address one plaintiff againstone defendant. In nearly all cases involving multiple parties, the issues and the evidencewill be such that the jury could reach different results for different parties. The liabilityof each defendant should always be evaluated individually, and the damages to beawarded to each plaintiff must usually be determined separately. Therefore, separatespecial verdicts should usually be prepared for each plaintiff with regard to each

xxix (Pub. 1283)




defendant. In some cases, the facts may be sufficiently simple to include multiple partiesin the same verdict form, but if this is done, the transitional language from one questionto another must be modified to account for all the different possibilities of yes and noanswers for the various parties.

Multiple Causes of Action: The verdict forms are self-contained for a particular causeof action. When multiple causes of action are being submitted to the jury, it may bebetter to combine the verdict forms and eliminate duplication.

Modifications as Required by Circumstances: The verdict forms must be modified asrequired by the circumstances. It is necessary to determine whether any lesser or greaterspecificity is appropriate. The question in special verdict forms for plaintiffs damagesprovides an illustration. Consistent with the jury instructions, the question asks the juryto determine separately the amounts of past and future economic loss, and of past andfuture noneconomic loss. These four choices are included in brackets. In some cases itmay be unnecessary to distinguish between past and future losses. In others there maybe no claim for either economic or noneconomic damages. In some cases the court maywish to eliminate the terms economic loss and noneconomic loss from both theinstructions and the verdict form. Without defining those terms, the court may prefersimply to ask the jury to determine the appropriate amounts for the various componentsof the losses without categorizing them for the jury as economic or noneconomic. Thecourt can fix liability as joint or several under Civil Code sections 1431 and 1431.2,based on the verdicts. A more itemized breakdown of damages may be appropriate if thecourt is concerned about the sufficiency of the evidence supporting a particularcomponent of damages. Appropriate special verdicts are preferred when periodicpayment schedules may be required by Code of Civil Procedure section 667.7. (Gormanv. Leftwich (1990) 218 Cal.App.3d 141, 148150 [266 Cal. Rptr. 671].)

December 2011

Hon. H. Walter CroskeyChair, Judicial Council Advisory Committee on Civil Jury Instructions

xxx (Pub. 1283)




Table of Contents

Volume 1

SERIES 100 PRETRIAL

SERIES 200 EVIDENCE

SERIES 300 CONTRACTS

SERIES 400 NEGLIGENCE

SERIES 500 MEDICAL NEGLIGENCE

SERIES 600 PROFESSIONAL NEGLIGENCE

SERIES 700 MOTOR VEHICLES AND HIGHWAY SAFETY

SERIES 800 RAILROAD CROSSINGS

SERIES 900 COMMON CARRIERS

SERIES 1000 PREMISES LIABILITY

SERIES 1100 DANGEROUS CONDITION OF PUBLIC PROPERTY

SERIES 1200 PRODUCTS LIABILITY

SERIES 1300 ASSAULT AND BATTERY

SERIES 1400 FALSE IMPRISONMENT

SERIES 1500 MALICIOUS PROSECUTION

SERIES 1600 EMOTIONAL DISTRESS

SERIES 1700 DEFAMATION

SERIES 1800 RIGHT OF PRIVACY

xxxi (Pub. 1283)




SERIES 1900 FRAUD OR DECEIT

SERIES 2000 TRESPASS

SERIES 2100 CONVERSION

SERIES 2200 ECONOMIC INTERFERENCE

SERIES 2300 INSURANCE LITIGATION

SERIES 2400 WRONGFUL TERMINATION

SERIES 2500 FAIR EMPLOYMENT AND HOUSING ACT

xxxii (Pub. 1283)




Volume 2

SERIES 2600 CALIFORNIA FAMILY RIGHTS ACT

SERIES 2700 LABOR CODE ACTIONS

SERIES 2800 WORKERS COMPENSATION

SERIES 2900 FEDERAL EMPLOYERS LIABILITY ACT

SERIES 3000 CIVIL RIGHTS

SERIES 3100 ELDER ABUSE AND DEPENDENT ADULT CIVIL PRO-TECTION ACT

SERIES 3200 SONG-BEVERLY CONSUMER WARRANTY ACT

SERIES 3300 UNFAIR PRACTICES ACT

SERIES 3400 CARTWRIGHT ACT

SERIES 3500 EMINENT DOMAIN

SERIES 3600 CONSPIRACY

SERIES 3700 VICARIOUS RESPONSIBILITY

SERIES 3800 EQUITABLE INDEMNITY

SERIES 3900 DAMAGES

SERIES 4000 LANTERMAN-PETRIS-SHORT ACT

SERIES 4100 BREACH OF FIDUCIARY DUTY

SERIES 4200 UNIFORM FRAUDULENT TRANSFER ACT

SERIES 4300 UNLAWFUL DETAINER

SERIES 4400 TRADE SECRETS

xxxiii (Pub. 1283)




SERIES 4500 CONSTRUCTION LAW

SERIES 46004900 Reserved for Future Use

SERIES 5000 CONCLUDING INSTRUCTIONS

TABLESDisposition TableTable 1 of Related Instructions (BAJI to CACI)Table 2 of Related Instructions (CACI to BAJI)Table of CasesTable of Statutes

INDEX

xxxiv (Pub. 1283)




Volume 1

SERIES 100 PRETRIAL

100. Preliminary Admonitions

101. Overview of Trial

102. Taking Notes During the Trial

103. Multiple Parties

104. Nonperson Party

105. Insurance

106. Evidence

107. Witnesses

108. Duty to Abide by Translation Provided in Court

109. Removal of Claims or Parties

110. Service Provider for Juror With Disability

111. Instruction to Alternate Jurors

112. Questions From Jurors

113. Bias

114. Bench Conferences and Conferences in Chambers

115. Class Action Defined (Plaintiff Class)

116. Why Electronic Communications and Research Are Prohibited

117199. Reserved for Future Use

SERIES 200 EVIDENCE

200. Obligation to ProveMore Likely True Than Not True

201. More Likely TrueClear and Convincing Proof

202. Direct and Indirect Evidence

203. Party Having Power to Produce Better Evidence

204. Willful Suppression of Evidence

205. Failure to Explain or Deny Evidence

206. Evidence Admitted for Limited Purpose

207. Evidence Applicable to One Party

208. Deposition as Substantive Evidence

209. Use of Interrogatories of a Party

xxxv (Pub. 1283)




210. Requests for Admissions

211. Prior Conviction of a Felony

212. Statements of a Party Opponent

213. Adoptive Admissions

214. Admissions by Silence

215. Exercise of a Communication Privilege

216. Exercise of Witness Right Not to Testify

217. Evidence of Settlement

218. Statements Made to Physician (Previously Existing Condition)

219. Expert Witness Testimony

220. ExpertsQuestions Containing Assumed Facts

221. Conflicting Expert Testimony

222. Evidence of Sliding-Scale Settlement

223. Opinion Testimony of Lay Witness

224. Testimony of Child


SERIES 300 CONTRACTS

300. Breach of ContractIntroduction

301. Third-Party Beneficiary

302. Contract FormationEssential Factual Elements

303. Breach of ContractEssential Factual Elements

304. Oral or Written Contract Terms

305. Implied-in-Fact Contract

306. Unformalized Agreement

307. Contract FormationOffer

308. Contract FormationRevocation of Offer

309. Contract FormationAcceptance

310. Contract FormationAcceptance by Silence

311. Contract FormationRejection of Offer

312. Substantial Performance

313. Modification

314. InterpretationDisputed Term

xxxvi (Pub. 1283)




315. InterpretationMeaning of Ordinary Words

316. InterpretationMeaning of Technical Words

317. InterpretationConstruction of Contract as a Whole

318. InterpretationConstruction by Conduct

319. InterpretationReasonable Time

320. InterpretationConstruction Against Drafter

321. Existence of Condition Precedent Disputed

322. Occurrence of Agreed Condition Precedent

323. Waiver of Condition Precedent

324. Anticipatory Breach

325. Breach of Covenant of Good Faith and Fair DealingEssential Factual Ele-ments

326. Assignment Contested

327. Assignment Not Contested


330. Affirmative DefenseUnilateral Mistake of Fact

331. Affirmative DefenseBilateral Mistake

332. Affirmative DefenseDuress

333. Affirmative DefenseEconomic Duress

334. Affirmative DefenseUndue Influence

335. Affirmative DefenseFraud

336. Affirmative DefenseWaiver

337. Affirmative DefenseNovation

338. Affirmative DefenseStatute of Limitations


350. Introduction to Contract Damages

351. Special Damages

352. Loss of ProfitsNo Profits Earned

353. Loss of ProfitsSome Profits Earned

354. Owners/Lessees Damages for Breach of Contract to Construct Improvementson Real Property

355. Obligation to Pay Money Only

356. Buyers Damages for Breach of Contract for Sale of Real Property (Civ.Code, 3306)

xxxvii (Pub. 1283)




357. Sellers Damages for Breach of Contract to Purchase Real Property

358. Mitigation of Damages

359. Present Cash Value of Future Damages

360. Nominal Damages

361. Plaintiff May Not Recover Duplicate Contract and Tort Damages


370. Common Count: Money Had and Received

371. Common Count: Goods and Services Rendered

372. Common Count: Open Book Account

373. Common Count: Account Stated

374. Common Count: Mistaken Receipt


VF-300. Breach of Contract

VF-301. Breach of ContractAffirmative DefenseUnilateral Mistake of Fact

VF-302. Breach of ContractAffirmative DefenseDuress

VF-303. Breach of ContractContract Formation at Issue

VF-304VF-399. Reserved for Future Use

SERIES 400 NEGLIGENCE

400. NegligenceEssential Factual Elements

401. Basic Standard of Care

402. Standard of Care for Minors

403. Standard of Care for Physically Disabled Person

404. Intoxication

405. Comparative Fault of Plaintiff

406. Apportionment of Responsibility

407. Comparative Fault of Decedent

408. Primary Assumption of RiskLiability of Coparticipant in Sport or OtherActivity

409. Liability of Instructors, Trainers, or Coaches

410. Parental Liability (Nonstatutory)

411. Reliance on Good Conduct of Others

412. Duty of Care Owed Children

413. Custom or Practice

xxxviii (Pub. 1283)




414. Amount of Caution Required in Dangerous Situations

415. Employee Required to Work in Dangerous Situations

416. Amount of Caution Required in Transmitting Electric Power

417. Special Doctrines: Res ipsa loquitur

418. Presumption of Negligence per se

419. Presumption of Negligence per se (Causation Only at Issue)

420. Negligence per se: Rebuttal of the Presumption of Negligence (Violation Ex-cused)

421. Negligence per se: Rebuttal of the Presumption of Negligence (Violation ofMinor Excused)

422. Sale of Alcoholic Beverages to Obviously Intoxicated Minors (Bus. & Prof.Code, 25602.1)

423. Public Entity Liability for Failure to Perform Mandatory Duty

424. Negligence Not ContestedEssential Factual Elements

425. Gross Negligence Explained

426. Negligent Hiring, Supervision, or Retention of Employee

427. Furnishing Alcoholic Beverages to Minors (Civ. Code, 1714(d))


430. Causation: Substantial Factor

431. Causation: Multiple Causes

432. Causation: Third-Party Conduct as Superseding Cause

433. Causation: Intentional Tort/Criminal Act as Superseding Cause

434. Alternative Causation

435. Causation for Asbestos-Related Cancer Claims


450A. Good SamaritanNonemergency

450B. Good SamaritanScene of Emergency

451. Affirmative DefenseContractual Assumption of Risk

452. Sudden Emergency

453. Injury Incurred in Course of Rescue

454. Affirmative DefenseStatute of Limitations

455. Statute of LimitationsDelayed Discovery

456. Defendant Estopped From Asserting Statute of Limitations Defense

457. Statute of LimitationsEquitable TollingOther Prior Proceeding

xxxix (Pub. 1283)





460. Strict Liability for Ultrahazardous ActivitiesEssential Factual Elements

461. Strict Liability for Injury Caused by Wild AnimalEssential Factual Elements

462. Strict Liability for Injury Caused by Domestic Animal With DangerousPropensitiesEssential Factual Elements

463. Dog Bite Statute (Civ. Code, 3342)Essential Factual Elements


VF-400. NegligenceSingle Defendant

VF-401. NegligenceSingle DefendantPlaintiffs Negligence at IssueFault ofOthers Not at Issue

VF-402. NegligenceFault of Plaintiff and Others at Issue

VF-403. Primary Assumption of RiskLiability of Coparticipant

VF-404. Liability of Instructors, Trainers, or Coaches

VF-405. Parental Liability (Nonstatutory)

VF-406. NegligenceSale of Alcoholic Beverages to Obviously Intoxicated Minor

VF-407. Strict LiabilityUltrahazardous Activities

VF-408. Strict Liability for Domestic Animal With Dangerous Propensities

VF-409. Dog Bite Statute (Civ. Code, 3342)

VF-410. Statute of LimitationsDelayed DiscoveryReasonable InvestigationWould Not Have Disclosed Pertinent Facts


SERIES 500 MEDICAL NEGLIGENCE

500. Medical NegligenceEssential Factual Elements

501. Standard of Care for Health Care Professionals

502. Standard of Care for Medical Specialists

503A. Psychotherapists Duty to Protect Intended Victim From Patients Threat

503B. Affirmative DefensePsychotherapists Warning to Victim and Law En-forcement

504. Standard of Care for Nurses

505. Success Not Required

506. Alternative Methods of Care

507. Duty to Warn Patient

508. Duty to Refer to a Specialist

xl (Pub. 1283)




509. Abandonment of Patient

510. Derivative Liability of Surgeon

511. Wrongful BirthSterilization/AbortionEssential Factual Elements

512. Wrongful BirthEssential Factual Elements

513. Wrongful LifeEssential Factual Elements

514. Duty of Hospital

515. Duty of Hospital to Provide Safe Environment

516. Duty of Hospital to Screen Medical Staff

517. Affirmative DefensePatients Duty to Provide for His or Her Own Well-Being

518. Medical Malpractice: Res ipsa loquitur


530A. Medical Battery

530B. Medical BatteryConditional Consent

531. Consent on Behalf of Another

532. Informed ConsentDefinition

533. Failure to Obtain Informed ConsentEssential Factual Elements

534. Informed RefusalDefinition

535. Risks of NontreatmentEssential Factual Elements


550. Affirmative DefensePlaintiff Would Have Consented

551. Affirmative DefenseWaiver

552. Affirmative DefenseSimple Procedure

553. Affirmative DefenseEmotional State of Patient

554. Affirmative DefenseEmergency

555. Affirmative DefenseStatute of LimitationsMedical MalpracticeOne-YearLimit (Code Civ. Proc., 340.5)

556. Affirmative DefenseStatute of LimitationsMedical MalpracticeThree-Year Limit (Code Civ. Proc., 340.5)


VF-500. Medical Negligence

VF-501. Medical NegligenceInformed ConsentAffirmative DefensePlaintiffWould Have Consented Even If Informed

xli (Pub. 1283)




VF-502. Medical NegligenceInformed ConsentAffirmative DefenseEmergency


SERIES 600 PROFESSIONAL NEGLIGENCE

600. Standard of Care

601. Damages for Negligent Handling of Legal Matter

602. Success Not Required

603. Alternative Legal Decisions or Strategies

604. Referral to Legal Specialist

605. Breach of Fiduciary DutyEssential Factual Elements

606. Legal Malpractice Causing Criminal ConvictionActual Innocence


610. Affirmative DefenseStatute of LimitationsAttorney MalpracticeOne-Year Limit (Code Civ. Proc., 340.6)

611. Affirmative DefenseStatute of LimitationsAttorney MalpracticeFour-Year Limit (Code Civ. Proc., 340.6)


SERIES 700 MOTOR VEHICLES AND HIGHWAY SAFETY

700. Basic Standard of Care

701. Definition of Right-of-Way

702. Waiver of Right-of-Way

703. Definition of Immediate Hazard

704. Left Turns (Veh. Code, 21801)

705. Turning (Veh. Code, 22107)

706. Basic Speed Law (Veh. Code, 22350)

707. Speed Limit (Veh. Code, 22352)

708. Maximum Speed Limit (Veh. Code, 22349, 22356)

709. Driving Under the Influence (Veh. Code, 23152, 23153)

710. Duties of Care for Pedestrians and Drivers

711. The Passengers Duty of Care for Own Safety

712. Affirmative DefenseFailure to Wear a Seat Belt


720. Motor Vehicle Owner LiabilityPermissive Use of Vehicle

xlii (Pub. 1283)




721. Motor Vehicle Owner LiabilityAffirmative DefenseUse Beyond Scope ofPermission

722. Adults Liability for Minors Permissive Use of Motor Vehicle

723. Liability of Cosigner of Minors Application for Drivers License

724. Negligent Entrustment of Motor Vehicle


730. Emergency Vehicle Exemption (Veh. Code, 21055)

731. Definition of Emergency (Veh. Code, 21055)


VF-700. Motor Vehicle Owner LiabilityPermissive Use of Vehicle

VF-701. Motor Vehicle Owner LiabilityPermissive Use of VehicleAffirmativeDefenseUse Beyond Scope of Permission

VF-702. Adults Liability for Minors Permissive Use of Motor Vehicle

VF-703. Liability of Cosigner of Minors Application for Drivers License

VF-704. Negligent Entrustment of Motor Vehicle


SERIES 800 RAILROAD CROSSINGS

800. Basic Standard of Care for Railroads

801. Duty to Comply With Safety Regulations


803. Regulating Speed

804. Lookout for Crossing Traffic

805. Installing Warning Systems

806. Comparative FaultDuty to Approach Crossing With Care


SERIES 900 COMMON CARRIERS

900. Introductory Instruction

901. Status of Common Carrier Disputed

902. Duty of Common Carrier

903. Duty to Provide and Maintain Safe Equipment

904. Duty of Common Carrier Toward Disabled/Infirm Passengers

905. Duty of Common Carrier Toward Minor Passengers

xliii (Pub. 1283)




906. Duty of Passenger for Own Safety

907. Status of Passenger Disputed

908. Duty to Protect Passengers From Assault


SERIES 1000 PREMISES LIABILITY

1000. Premises LiabilityEssential Factual Elements

1001. Basic Duty of Care

1002. Extent of Control Over Premises Area

1003. Unsafe Conditions

1004. Obviously Unsafe Conditions

1005. Business Proprietors Liability for the Negligent/Intentional/Criminal Conductof Others

1006. Landlords Duty

1007. Sidewalk Abutting Property

1008. Liability for Adjacent Altered SidewalkEssential Factual Elements

1009A. Liability to Employees of Independent Contractors for Unsafe ConcealedConditions

1009B. Liability to Employees of Independent Contractors for Unsafe ConditionsRetained Control

1009C. Revoked

1009D. Liability to Employees of Independent Contractors for Unsafe ConditionsDefective Equipment

1010. Affirmative DefenseRecreation Immunity (Civ. Code, 846)

1011. Constructive Notice Regarding Dangerous Conditions on Property

1012. Knowledge of Employee Imputed to Owner


VF-1000. Premises LiabilityComparative Negligence of Others Not at Issue

VF-1001. Premises LiabilityAffirmative DefenseRecreation Immunity

VF-1002. Premises LiabilityComparative Fault of Plaintiff at Issue


SERIES 1100 DANGEROUS CONDITION OF PUBLIC PROPERTY

1100. Dangerous Condition on Public PropertyEssential Factual Elements (Gov.Code, 835)

xliv (Pub. 1283)




1101. Control

1102. Definition of Dangerous Condition (Gov. Code, 830(a))

1103. Notice (Gov. Code, 835.2)

1104. Inspection System (Gov. Code, 835.2(b)(1) & (2))


1110. Affirmative DefenseNatural Conditions (Gov. Code, 831.2)

1111. Affirmative DefenseCondition Created by Reasonable Act or Omission(Gov. Code, 835.4(a))

1112. Affirmative DefenseReasonable Act or Omission to Correct (Gov. Code, 835.4(b))


1120. Failure to Provide Traffic Control Signals (Gov. Code, 830.4)

1121. Failure to Provide Traffic Warning Signals, Signs, or Markings (Gov. Code, 830.8)

1122. Affirmative DefenseWeather Conditions Affecting Streets and Highways(Gov. Code, 831)

1123. Loss of Design Immunity (Cornette)


VF-1100. Dangerous Condition of Public Property

VF-1101. Dangerous Condition of Public PropertyAffirmative DefenseReasonable Act or Omission (Gov. Code, 835.4)


SERIES 1200 PRODUCTS LIABILITY

1200. Strict LiabilityEssential Factual Elements

1201. Strict LiabilityManufacturing DefectEssential Factual Elements

1202. Strict LiabilityManufacturing Defect Explained

1203. Strict LiabilityDesign DefectConsumer Expectation TestEssential Fac-tual Elements

1204. Strict LiabilityDesign DefectRisk-Benefit TestEssential FactualElementsShifting Burden of Proof

1205. Strict LiabilityFailure to WarnEssential Factual Elements

1206. Strict LiabilityFailure to WarnProducts Containing Allergens (Not Pre-scription Drugs)Essential Factual Elements

1207A. Strict LiabilityComparative Fault of Plaintiff

xlv (Pub. 1283)




1207B. Strict LiabilityComparative Fault of Third Person


1220. NegligenceEssential Factual Elements

1221. NegligenceBasic Standard of Care

1222. NegligenceManufacturer or SupplierDuty to WarnEssential FactualElements

1223. NegligenceRecall/Retrofit

1224. NegligenceNegligence for Product Rental/Standard of Care


1230. Express WarrantyEssential Factual Elements

1231. Implied Warranty of MerchantabilityEssential Factual Elements

1232. Implied Warranty of Fitness for a Particular PurposeEssential Factual Ele-ments

1233. Implied Warranty of Merchantability for FoodEssential Factual Elements


1240. Affirmative Defense to Express WarrantyNot Basis of Bargain

1241. Affirmative DefenseExclusion or Modification of Express Warranty

1242. Affirmative DefenseExclusion of Implied Warranties

1243. Notification/Reasonable Time

1244. Affirmative DefenseSophisticated User

1245. Affirmative DefenseProduct Misuse or Modification

1246. Affirmative DefenseDesign DefectGovernment Contractor

1247. Affirmative DefenseFailure to WarnGovernment Contractor


VF-1200. Strict Products LiabilityManufacturing DefectComparative Fault atIssue

VF-1201. Strict Products LiabilityDesign DefectConsumer Expectation TestAffirmative DefenseMisuse or Modification

VF-1202. Strict Products LiabilityDesign DefectRisk-Benefit Test

VF-1203. Strict Products LiabilityFailure to Warn

VF-1204. Products LiabilityNegligenceComparative Fault of Plaintiff at Issue

VF-1205. Products LiabilityNegligent Failure to Warn

VF-1206. Products LiabilityExpress WarrantyAffirmative DefenseNot Basisof Bargain

xlvi (Pub. 1283)




VF-1207. Products LiabilityImplied Warranty of MerchantabilityAffirmativeDefenseExclusion of Implied Warranties

VF-1208. Products LiabilityImplied Warranty of Fitness for a Particular Purpose


SERIES 1300 ASSAULT AND BATTERY

1300. BatteryEssential Factual Elements

1301. AssaultEssential Factual Elements

1302. Consent Explained

1303. Invalid Consent

1304. Self-Defense/Defense of Others

1305. Battery by Peace Officer

1306. Sexual BatteryEssential Factual Elements


1320. Intent

1321. Transferred Intent


VF-1300. Battery

VF-1301. BatterySelf-Defense/Defense of Others at Issue

VF-1302. Assault

VF-1303. Battery by Peace Officer


SERIES 1400 FALSE IMPRISONMENT

1400. No Arrest InvolvedEssential Factual Elements

1401. False Arrest Without Warrant by Peace OfficerEssential Factual Elements

1402. False Arrest Without WarrantAffirmative DefensePeace OfficerProbable Cause to Arrest

1403. False Arrest Without Warrant by Private CitizenEssential Factual Elements

1404. False Arrest Without WarrantAffirmative DefensePrivate CitizenProbable Cause to Arrest

1405. False Arrest With WarrantEssential Factual Elements

1406. False Arrest With WarrantPeace OfficerAffirmative DefenseGood-Faith Exception

1407. Unnecessary Delay in Processing/ReleasingEssential Factual Elements

xlvii (Pub. 1283)




1408. Affirmative DefensePolice Officers Lawful Authority to Detain

1409. Common Law Right to Detain for Investigation


VF-1400. False ImprisonmentNo Arrest Involved

VF-1401. False ImprisonmentNo Arrest InvolvedAffirmative DefenseRightto Detain for Investigation

VF-1402. False Arrest Without Warrant

VF-1403. False Arrest Without Warrant by Peace OfficerAffirmative DefenseProbable Cause to Arrest

VF-1404. False Arrest Without Warrant by Private CitizenAffirmative DefenseProbable Cause to Arrest

VF-1405. False Arrest With Warrant

VF-1406. False Arrest With WarrantPeace OfficerAffirmativeDefenseGood-Faith Exception

VF-1407. False ImprisonmentUnnecessary Delay in Processing/Releasing


SERIES 1500 MALICIOUS PROSECUTION

1500. Former Criminal Proceeding

1501. Wrongful Use of Civil Proceedings

1502. Wrongful Use of Administrative Proceedings


1505. Affirmative DefenseReliance on Counsel

1506. Public Entities and Employees (Gov. Code, 821.6)


1520. Abuse of ProcessEssential Factual Elements


VF-1500. Malicious ProsecutionFormer Criminal Proceeding

VF-1501. Malicious ProsecutionWrongful Use of Civil Proceedings

VF-1502. Malicious ProsecutionWrongful Use of Civil ProceedingsAffirmativeDefenseReliance on Counsel

VF-1503. Malicious ProsecutionWrongful Use of Administrative Proceedings

VF-1504. Abuse of Process


xlviii (Pub. 1283)




SERIES 1600 EMOTIONAL DISTRESS

1600. Intentional Infliction of Emotional DistressEssential Factual Elements

1601. Intentional Infliction of Emotional DistressFear of Cancer, HIV, or AIDS

1602. Intentional Infliction of Emotional DistressOutrageous Conduct Defined

1603. Intentional Infliction of Emotional DistressReckless Disregard Defined

1604. Intentional Infliction of Emotional DistressSevere Emotional DistressDefined

1605. Intentional Infliction of Emotional DistressAffirmative DefensePrivilegedConduct


1620. Negligent Infliction of Emotional DistressDirect VictimEssential FactualElements

1621. Negligent Infliction of Emotional DistressBystanderEssential FactualElements

1622. Negligent Infliction of Emotional DistressFear of Cancer, HIV, or AIDS

1623. Negligent Infliction of Emotional DistressFear of Cancer, HIV, or AIDSMalicious, Oppressive, or Fraudulent Conduct


VF-1600. Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress

VF-1601. Intentional Infliction of Emotional DistressAffirmative DefensePrivileged Conduct

VF-1602. Intentional Infliction of Emotional DistressFear of Cancer, HIV, orAIDS

VF-1603. Negligent Infliction of Emotional DistressDirect Victim

VF-1604. Negligent Infliction of Emotional DistressBystander

VF-1605. Negligent Infliction of Emotional DistressFear of Cancer, HIV, orAIDS

VF-1606. Negligent Infliction of Emotional DistressFear of Cancer, HIV, orAIDSMalicious, Oppressive, or Fraudulent Conduct


SERIES 1700 DEFAMATION

1700. Defamation per seEssential Factual Elements (Public Officer/Figure andLimited Public Figure)

1701. Defamation per quodEssential Factual Elements (Public Officer/Figure andLimited Public Figure)

xlix (Pub. 1283)

0049 [ST: 1

Date post:	16-Dec-2016
Category:	Documents
Upload:	tranphuc
View:	228 times
Download:	3 times

Civil Jury Instructions

Documents