Civil Procedure Outline-2nd Semester-SY 2014-2015.doc

UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINESCOLLEGE OF LAW

DILIMAN, QUEZON CITY

COURSE OUTLINE ON CIVIL PROCEDURESecond Semester, AY 2014-2015

DAN PERUELO CALICA

I. INTRODUCTION

A. Remedial law and Substantive law

1. Bustos v. Lucero, 81 Phil. 640 (1948)

2. Fabian v. Desierto, G.R. No. 129742, September 16, 1998, 295 SCRA 470 (1998)

3. Ernestina Bernabe v. Carolina Alejo, G.R. No. 140500, 21 January 2002

4. Tupas v. Court of Appeals, 193 SCRA 597 (1991)

B. Objectives of, and power to promulgate, rules of pleading, practice and procedure

1. CONST., art. VIII, sec. 5 (5)

2. Shioji v. Harvey, 43 Phil. 333 (1922)

3. Andrea Tan, et al. v. Bausch & Lomb, Inc., G.R. No. 148420, 15 December 2005

4. Re: Petition for Recognition of the Exemption of the Government Service Insurance System from Payment of Legal Fees, A.M. No. 08-2-01-0, February 11, 2010

5. Baguio Market Vendors Multi-Purpose Cooperative v. Hon. Iluminada Cabato-Cortez, G.R. No. 165922, 26 February 2010

C. Rules of Court

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RULES OF COURT, Rule 1

1. TitleRULES OF COURT, Rule 1, sec. 1

2. Courts applicableRULES OF COURT, Rule 1, sec. 2

3. Cases covered

a. RULES OF COURT, Rule 1, sec. 3b. Civil action, Criminal action, Special proceedingsc. Patricia Natcher v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 133000,

2 October 2001

4. Cases not applicableRULES OF COURT, Rule 1, sec. 4

5. Liberal construction of the rules

a. Alonso v. Villamor, 16 Phil 315 (1910)b. Berkenkotter v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-36629,

September 28, 1973, 53 SCRA 228 (1973)c. Galdo v. Rosete, G.R. No. L-47342, July 25, 1978, 84

SCRA 238 (1978)d. Artistica Ceramica, Inc., et al. v. Ciudad del Carmen

Homeowner’s Association, Inc., et al., G.R. Nos. 167583-84, June 16, 2010

D. No vested rights in procedural rules; may be applied retroactively

1. Perla S. Zulueta v. Asia Brewery Inc., G.R. No. 138137, 8 March 2001

E. Courts applicable and Uniform Procedure

1. RULES OF COURT, Rule 52. RULES OF COURT, Rule 1, sec. 4

F. Courts of law and of equity

1. Bernardo Valdevieso v. Candelario Damalerio, G.R. No. 133303, 17 February 2005

2. GF Equity Inc. v. Arturo Valenzona, G.R. No. 156841, 30 June 2005

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G. Philippine courts

1. Existing Philippine courts: (a) Supreme Court, (b) Court of Appeals, (c) Regional Trial Courts, (d) Metropolitan Trial Courts, Municipal Trial Court, Municipal Circuit Trial Court , (e) Special Courts (Sandiganbayan, Court of Tax Appeals, Family Courts, Commercial Courts, Environmental Courts)

2. Courts of original jurisdiction v. Courts of appellate jurisdiction

3. Courts of general jurisdiction v. Courts of special or limited jurisdiction

4. Superior courts v. Lower or inferior courts

5. Courts of record v. Courts not of record

6. Constitutional courts v. Statutory courts

II. JURISDICTION

A. General conceptsCONST., art. VIII, secs. 1 & 2

1. Jurisdiction in general

a. Bank of the Philippines Islands v. Hong, et al., G.R. No. 161771, February 15, 2012

b. Decano v. Edu, G.R. No. L-30070, August 29, 1980, 99 SCRA 410 (1980)

c. Bangus Fry Fisherfolk, et al. v. Enrico Lanzanas, G.R. No. 131442, 10 July 2003

d. Tolentino v. Leviste, G.R. No. 156118, 19 November 2004

e. Southern Food Sales Corporation v. Bernardo Salas, G.R. No. 56428, 18 February 1992

f. Augusto Mangahas v. Victoria Isabel Paredes, G.R. No. 157866, 14 February 2007

2. Jurisdiction v. Venue

a. Manila Railroad Company v. Attorney General, 20 Phil. 406 (1911)

b. Nocum and Philippine Daily Inquirer v. Tan, G.R. No. 145022, September 23, 2005, 470 SCRA 639 (2005)

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c. Chavez v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 125813, February 6, 2007, 514 SCRA 279 (2007)

3. Payment of filing fees

a. Manchester Development Co. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 75919, May 7, 1987, 149 SCRA 562 (1987)

b. Sun Insurance Office, Ltd. et al. v. Asuncion, G.R. Nos. 79937-38, February 13, 1989, 170 SCRA 274 (1989)

c. Colarina v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 117439, February 25, 1999, 303 SCRA 647 (1999)

d. Ruby Shelter Builders and Realty Development Corp. v. Formaran, G.R. No. 175914, February 10, 2009, 578 SCRA 283 (2009)

4. Estoppel

a. Tijam v. Sibonghanoy, G.R. No. L-21450, April 15, 1968, 23 SCRA 29 (1968)

b. Figueroa v. People, G.R. No. 147406, July 14, 2008, 558 SCRA 63 (2008)

5. Error of jurisdiction v. Error of judgment

a. Fernando v. Vasquez, G.R. No. L-26417, January 30, 1970, 31 SCRA 288 (1970)

B. Jurisdiction over the subject matter of the different levels of courts in civil cases

1. Supreme Court

a. CONST., Art. VIII, secs. 1, 2 & 5; Art. VI, sec. 30; Art. VII, secs. 4 & 18; Art. IX, sec. 7

b. Republic Act No. 296 (1948), as amended, sec. 17c. Rep. Act No. 7902 (1995) and RULES OF COURT, Rule

43, sec. 1, Rule 45, sec. 1, Rule 65, sec. 4, Rule 66, sec. 7, Rule 102, sec. 2

d. Cruz v. Mijares, G.R. No. 154464, September 11, 2008, 564 SCRA 501 (2008)

e. First Lepanto Ceramics, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 110571, October 7, 1994, 237 SCRA 519 (1994)

f. Fabian v. Desierto, supra

2. Court of Appeals

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a. Batas Blg. 129 (1980), sec. 9, as amended by Rep. Act No. 7902 (1995)

b. RULES OF COURT, Rule 43, secs. 1, 2 and 3, Rule 41, sec. 2, Rule 47, sec. 1, Rule 65, sec. 4, Rule 66, sec. 7, Rule 102, sec. 2

c. Re: Cases Appealed from the People’s Court, 82 Phil. 111 (1948)

d. Aragon v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 124333, March 26, 1997, 270 SCRA 603 (1997)

e. St. Martin Funeral Home v. National Labor Relations Commission, G.R. No. 130866, 16 September 1998

3. Regional Trial Courts

a. Batas Blg. 129 (1980), secs. 18-23, as amended by Rep. Act No. 7691 (1994)

b. Admin. Circular 09-94, June 14, 1994c. RULES OF COURT, Rule 40, sec. 1, Rule 41, sec. 2, Rule

42, sec. 1 and 2, Rule 65, sec. 4, Rule 66, sec. 7, Rule 102, sec. 2

c. Katon v. Palanca, Jr., G.R. No. 151149, September 7, 2004, 437 SCRA 565 (2004)

d. Encarnacion v. Amigo, G.R. No. 169793, September 15, 2006, 502 SCRA 172 (2006)

e. Radio Communications of the Philippines, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 136109, August 1, 2002, 386 SCRA 67 (2002)

f. Bokingo v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 161739, May 4, 2006, 489 SCRA 521 (2006)

g. Lu v. Lu Ym, G.R. No. 153690, August 26, 2008, 563 SCRA 254 (2008)

4. Metropolitan Trial Courts, Municipal Trial Courts and Municipal Circuit Trial Courts

a. Batas Blg. 129 (1980), secs. 32-35, as amended by Rep. Act No. 7691 (1994)

b. Revised Rules on Summary Procedure (1991) c. A.M. No. 08-8-7-SC, September 9, 2008, RULES OF

COURT, Rule 70, sec. 1d. Reyes v. Sta. Maria, G.R. No. L-33213, June 29, 1979, 91

SCRA 164 (1979)e. Ortigas & Co., Ltd. v. Herrera, G.R. No. 36098, January

21, 1983, 120 SCRA 89 (1983) f. Ortigas & Co., Ltd. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 52488,

July 25, 1981, 106 SCRA 121 (1981)

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g. Nera v. Vacante, G.R. No. L-15725, November 29, 1961, 3 SCRA 505 (1961)

h. Villostas v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 96271, June 26, 1992, 210 SCRA 490 (1992)

i. Vda. De Barrera v. Heirs of Vicente Legaspi, G.R. No. 174346, September 12, 2008, 585 SCRA 192 (2008)

5. Specialized courts

a. Family courts – Rep. Act No. 8369 (1997), sec. 5

i. A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC, March 4, 2003ii. A.M. No. 02-11-11, March 4, 2003 iii. A.M. No. 02-11-12, March 4, 2003iv. Madriñan v. Madriñan, G.R. No. 159374, July 12,

2007, 527 SCRA 487 (2007)v. Thornton v. Thornton, G.R. No. 154598, August 16,

2004, 437 SCRA 550 (2004)

b. Commercial courts – Rep. Act No. 8799 (2000), sec. 5, par. (2)

i. A.M. No. 01-2-04, March 13, 2001ii. A.M. No. 04-9-07-SC, September 14, 2004iii. Reyes v. Regional Trial Court of Makati, G.R.

No. 165744, August 11, 2008, 561 SCRA 593 (2008)

c. Intellectual property courts – Rep. Act No. 8293 (1997)

i. A.M. No. 02-1-06-SC, January 22, 2002 ii. A.M. No. 03-03-03-SC, June 17, 2003

6. Other tribunals and agencies

a. Securities and Exchange Commission - Rep. Act No. 8799 (2000), sec. 5, par. (1)

b. National Labor Relations Commission – Pres. Decree No. 442 (1974), arts. 213-225, as amended

c. Insurance Commission – Pres. Decree No. 612 (1974), sec. 414-416

d. Energy Regulatory Commission – Rep. Act No. 9136 (2001), sec. 38, 41, 43-46

7. Katarungang Pambarangay

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a. Rep. Act No. 7160 (1991), secs. 399-422 b. Adm. Circular No. 14-93, July 15, 1993 c. Uy v. Contreras, G.R. Nos. 111416-17, September 26,

1994, 237 SCRA 167 (1994) d. Gonzales v. Court of Appeals, G.R. Nos. 59495-97, June

26, 1987, 151 SCRA 289 (1997)e. Agbayani v. Belen, G.R. No. L-65629, November 24,

1986, 145 SCRA 635 (1986)f. Blardony v. Coscolluela, G.R. No. 70261, February 28,

1990, 182 SCRA 825 (1990)g. Wee v. De Castro, G.R. No. 176405, August 20, 2008,

562 SCRA 695 (2008)h. Aquino v. Aure, G.R. No. 153567, February 18, 2008, 546

SCRA 71 (2008)

III. CIVIL ACTIONS AND CAUSE OF ACTION

A. Civil action v. Special proceedingPatricia Natcher v. Court of Appeals, supra

B. Ordinary and special civil actionsRULES OF COURT, Rule 1, sec. 3(a)

C. Real actions and Personal actions

1. RULES OF COURT, Rule 4, sec. 1 and 2

2. Jorge C. Paderanga v. Dimalanes Buissan, G.R. No. 49475, 28 September 1993

D. Actions in rem, Actions in personam and Actions quasi in rem


2. Jorge C. Paderanga v. Dimalanes Buissan, supra

3. Jesse U. Lucas v. Jesus S. Lucas, G.R. No. 190710, 6 June 2011

E. Commencement of actions

1. RULES OF COURT, Rule 1, sec. 5

2. Manchester Development Co. v. Court of Appeals, supra

3. Sun Insurance Office, Ltd. et al. v. Asuncion, supra

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F. Proceedings in civil actions

1. Bro. Mariano “Mike” Velarde v. Social Justice Society, G.R. No. 159357, 28 April 2004

G. Cause of Action


2. Danfoss, Inc. v. Continental Cement Corporation, G.R. No. 143788, September 9, 2005, 469 SCRA 505 (2005)

3. Du v. Jayoma, et al., G.R. No. 175042, April 23, 2012

4. Sagrada Orden de Precadores del Santisimo Rosario de Filipinas v. National Coconut Corporation, 91 Phil. 503 (1952)

5. Felipe v. Leuterio, 91 Phil. 482 (1952)

6. Ma-ao Sugar Central Co. v. Barrios, 79 Phil. 666 (1947)

H. One suit for a single cause of action; effect of splitting single cause

1. RULES OF COURT, Rule 2, sec. 3 and 4 and Rule 16, sec. 1(e) and (f)

2. Fidel O. Chua v. Metropolitan Bank and Trust Company, G.R. No. 182311, 19 August 2009

I. Joinder and misjoinder of causes of action


2. Sps. Victor & Milagros Perez v. Antonio Hermano, G.R. No. 147417, 8 July 2005

IV. VENUE

A. CONST., art. VIII, sec. 5, par. (4)

B. RULES OF COURT, Rule 4

C. Batas Blg. 129 (1980), sec. 18

D. Cases

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1. Claridades v. Mercader, G.R. No. L-20341, May 14, 1966, 17 SCRA 1 (1966)

2. Uniwide Holdings, Inc. v. Cruz, G.R. No. 171456, August 9, 2007, 529 SCRA 664 (2007)

3. Go v. United Coconut Planters Bank, G.R. No. 156187, November 11, 2004, 442 SCRA 264 (2004)

4. Davao Abaca Plantation Co., Inc. v. Dole Philippines, Inc., G.R. No. 134431, December 1, 2000, 346 SCRA 682 (2000)

5. Infante v. Aran Builders, Inc., G.R. No. 156596, August 24, 2007, 531 SCRA 123 (2007)

6. Marcos-Araneta, et al. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 154096, August 22, 2008, 563 SCRA 41 (2008)

7. Sweet Line, Inc. v. Teves, G.R. No. L-37750, May 19, 1978, 83 SCRA 361 (1978)

8. Villanueva v. Mosqueda, G.R. No. L-58287, August 19, 1982, 115 SCRA 904 (1982)

9. Philippine Banking Corporation v. Tensuan, G.R. No. 104649, February 28, 1994, 230 SCRA 413 (1994)

10. Spouses Lantin v. Lantion, et al., G.R. No. 160053, August 28, 2006, 499 SCRA 718 (2006)

11. Eastern Assurance & Surety Corp. v. Cui, G.R. No. 54452, July 20, 1981, 105 SCRA 682 (1981)

V. PARTIES

A. Capacity to sue and be sued

1. RULES OF COURT, Rule 3, secs. 1, 4, 5 and 15

2. Rep. Act No. 5455 (1968), sec. 1, par. (1)

3. MR Holdings, Ltd. v. Bajar, G.R. No. 138104, April 11, 2002, 380 SCRA 617 (2002)

B. Real party in interest

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2. Carlos v. Sandoval, G.R. No. 179922, December 16, 2008, 574 SCRA 116 (2008)

3. People’s Homesite and Housing Corp. v. Jeremias, G.R. No. L-43252, September 30, 1976, 73 SCRA 239 (1976)

C. Representative parties


D. Class suit


2. Newsweek, Inc. v. Intermediate Appellate Court, et al., G.R. No. L-63559, May 30, 1986, 142 SCRA 171 (1986)

3. MVRS Publications, Inc. v. Islamic Da'wah Council of thePhilippines, Inc., G.R. No. 135306, January 28, 2003, 396 SCRA 210 (2003)

4. Juana Complex I Homeowners Association, Inc. v. Fil-Estate Land, Inc., G.R. Nos. 152272 and 152397, 5 March 2012

5. Re: Request of the Plaintiffs, Heirs of the Passengers of the Doña Paz to Set Aside the Order dated January 4, 1988 of Judge B.D. Chingcuangco, A.M. No. 88-1-646-0, 3 March 1988

E. Joinder of parties

1. RULES OF COURT, Rule 3, secs. 6-11

2. Relucio v. Lopez, G.R. No. 138497, January 16, 2001, 373 SCRA 578 (2001)

3. De Galicia v. Mercado, G.R. No. 146744, March 6, 2006, 484 SCRA 131 (2006)

4. Nufable v. Nufable, G.R. No. 126950, July 2, 1999, 309 SCRA 694 (1999)

5. Puentevella, Jr., et al. v. Far Eastern Air Transport, Inc., et al., 94 Phil. 644 (1954)

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F. Substitution of parties


2. Brioso v. Rili-Mariano, et al., G.R. No. 132765, January 31, 2003, 396 SCRA 549 (2003)

3. State Investment House, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 106795, November 16, 1999, 318 SCRA 47 (1999)

G. Alternative & unknown defendants


H. Indigent party


I. Solicitor General


J. New/additional parties

1. Impleader

a. RULES OF COURT, Rule 6, secs. 11-13; Rule 11, sec. 5b. Firestone Tire & Rubber Co. of the Philippines v.

Tempongko, G.R. No. L-24399, March 28, 1969, 27 SCRA 418 (1969)

c. Balbastro, et al. v. Court of Appeals, et al., G.R. No. L-33255, November 29, 1972, 48 SCRA 231 (1972)

2. Intervention

a. RULES OF COURT, Rule 19b. Director of Lands v. Court of Appeals, et al., G.R. No. L-

45168, September 25, 1979, 93 SCRA 238 (1979)

3. Interpleader

a. RULES OF COURT, Rule 62b. Wack Wack Golf & Country Club, Inc. v. Lee E. Won,

G.R. No. L-23851, March 26, 1976, 70 SCRA 165 (1976)c. United Coconut Planters Bank v. Intermediate Appellate

12

Court, et al., G.R. Nos. 72664-65, March 20, 1990, 183 SCRA 368 (1990)

d. Pasricha, et al. v. Don Luis Dison Realty, Inc., G.R. No. 136409, March 14, 2008, 548 SCRA 673 (2008)

VI. SUMMONS

A. Issuance and contents of the summons


B. Service of summons

1. By whom issued

a. RULES OF COURT, Rule 14, secs. 1 & 5

2. By whom made

a. RULES OF COURT, Rule 14, sec. 3b. Bello v. Ubo, at al., G.R. No. L-30353, September 30,

1982, 117 SCRA 91 (1982)

3. Modes of service

a. RULES OF COURT, Rule 14, secs. 6-17, 20b. Spouses Laus v. Court of Appeals, et al., G.R. No.

101256, March 8, 1993, 219 SCRA 688 (1993)c. Keister v. Navarro, G.R. No. L-29067, May 31, 1977, 77

SCRA 209 (1977)d. Summit Trading & Devt. Corp. v. Avendaño, G.R. No.

60038, March 18, 1985, 135 SCRA 397 (1985)e. Cariaga, Jr., et al. v. Malaya, et al., G.R. No. L-48375,

August 13, 1986, 143 SCRA 441 (1986)f. Rebollido, et al. v. Court of Appeals, et. al, G.R. No.

81123, February 28, 1989, 170 SCRA 800 (1989)g. Magdalena Estate, Inc. v. Nieto, et al., G.R. No. L-

54242, November 25, 1983, 125 SCRA 758 (1983)h. United Coconut Planters Bank v. Ongpin, G.R. No.

146593, October 26, 2001, 368 SCRA 464 (2001)i. Guiguinto Credit Cooperative, Inc. v. Torres, et al.,

G.R. No. 170926, September 15, 2006, 502 SCRA 182 (2006)

j. Guanzon v. Arradaza, et al., G.R. No. 155392, December 6, 2006, 510 SCRA 309 (2006)

k. Potenciano v. Barnes, G.R. No. 159421, August 20,

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2008, 562 SCRA 485 (2008)l. Mangila v. Court of Appeals, et al., G.R. No. 125027,

August 12, 2002, 387 SCRA 162 (2002)m. Montefalcon, et al. v. Vasquez, G.R. No. 165016, June

17, 2008, 554 SCRA 513 (2008)n. Perkin Elmer Singapore PTE Ltd. v. Dakila Trading

Corp., G.R. No. 172242, August 14, 2007, 530 SCRA 170 (2007)

o. Regner v. Logarta, et al., G.R. No. 168747, October 19, 2007, 537 SCRA 277 (2007)

p. Philippine Commercial International Bank v. Alejandro, G.R. No. 175587, September 21, 2007, 533 SCRA 738 (2007)

q. Spouses Mason v. Court of Appeals, et al., G.R. No. 144662, October 13, 2003, 413 SCRA 303 (2003)

r. Millenium Industrial Commercial Corporation v. Tan, G.R. No. 131724, February 28, 2000, 326 SCRA 563 (2000)

4. Proof of service; alias summons

a. RULES OF COURT, Rule 14, secs. 5, 18-19b. Mechanical Appliance Co. v. Castleman, 215 U.S. 437

(1910)c. Hock v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 60848, May 20,

1991,197 SCRA 223 (1991)

5. Return of service

a. RULES OF COURT, Rule 14, secs. 4-5

C. Voluntary appearance


2. United Coconut Planters Bank v. Ongpin, G.R. No. 146593, October 26, 2001, 368 SCRA 464 (2001)

3. Orosa, et al. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 118696, September 3, 1996, 261 SCRA 376 (1996)

VII. PLEADINGS

A. Pleadings in general

1. RULES OF COURT, Rule 6, secs. 1-2; Rule 8, sec. 1

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2. Batas Blg. 129 (1980), sec. 36

3. Revised Rule on Summary Procedure (1991)

4. A.M. No. 08-8-7-SC, 9 September 2008 or The Rule of Procedure for Small Claims Cases

B. Complaint

1. Generally

a. RULES OF COURT, Rule 6, sec. 3; Rule 2, secs. 1 & 2b. Batas Blg. 129 (1980), sec. 33, par. (1)

2. Splitting & joinder of causes of action

a. RULES OF COURT, Rule 2, secs. 3-6b. De Luzuriaga, Sr. v. Adil, G.R. No. L-58912, May 7,

1985 136 SCRA 279 (1985)

3. Alternative

C. Answer

1. RULES OF COURT, Rule 6, secs. 4-5; Rule 8, secs. 10 and 11; Rule 9, secs. 1-2

2. Home Ins. Co. v. Eastern Shipping Lines, 123 SCRA 424 (1983)

D. Counterclaim and cross-claim

1. RULES OF COURT, Rule 6, secs. 6-9, 12; Rule 9, sec. 2; Rule 11, secs. 8-10

2. International Container Terminal Services, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 90530, October 7, 1992, 214 SCRA 456 (1992)

3. Spouses Meliton v. Court of Appeals, et al., G.R. No. 101883, December 11, 1992, 216 SCRA 485 (1992)

4. Alday v. FGU Insurance Corp., G.R. No. 138822, January 23, 2001, 350 SCRA 113 (2001)

5. Cruz-Agana v. Santiago-Lagman, G.R. No. 139018, April 11,

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2005, 455 SCRA 203 (2005)

6. Ruiz, Jr., et al. v. Court of Appeals et al., G.R. No. 101566, August 17, 1992, 212 SCRA 660 (1992)

E. Reply


F. Formal requirements of pleadings

1. RULES OF COURT, Rule 7

2. A.M. No. 11-9-4-SC, 13 November 2012, or the Efficient Use of Paper Rule

3. Republic v. Kenrick Development Corporation, G.R. No. 149576, August 8, 2006, 498 SCRA 220 (2006)

4. Digital Microwave Corporation v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 128550, March 16, 2000, 336 SCRA 419 (2000)

5. Kaunlaran Lending Investors, Inc., et al. v. Uy, G.R. No. 154974, February 4, 2008, 543 SCRA 474 (2008)

6. Spouses Valmonte v. Alcala, et al., G.R. No. 168667, July 23, 2008, 559 SCRA 536 (2008)

G. Detail in pleading

1. RULES OF COURT, Rule 8, secs. 1-9; Rule 12

2. Bacolod-Murcia Milling Co., Inc. v. First Farmers Milling Co., Inc., et al., G.R. No. L-29041, March 24, 1981, 103 SCRA 436 (1981)

3. Far East Marble v. Court of Appeals, et al., G.R. No. 94093, August 10, 1993, 225 SCRA 249 (1993)

4. Filipinas Textile, et al. v. Court of Appeals, et al., G.R. No. 119800, November 12, 2003, 415 SCRA 635 (2003)

5. Toribio v. Bidin, G.R. No. 57821, January 17, 1985, 134 SCRA

162 (1985)

H. Amended and supplemental pleadings

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2. Keramik Industries, Inc. v. Guerrero, G.R. No. L-38866, November 29, 1974, 61 SCRA 265 (1974)

3. R & B Surety & Ins. Col, Inc. v. Savellano, G.R. No. L-45234, May 8, 1985, 136 SCRA 312 (1985)

4. Remington Industrial Sales Corp. v. Court of Appeals, et al., G.R. No. 133657, May 29, 2002, 382 SCRA 499 (2002)

5. Asset Privatization Trust v. Court of Appeals, et al., G.R. No. 81024, February 3, 2000, 324 SCRA 533 (2000)

6. Cagungun, et al. v. Planters Development Bank, G.R. No. 158674, October 17, 2005, 473 SCRA 259 (2005)

I. Judicial Affidavit RuleA.M. No. 12-8-8-SC, 4 September 2012

J. Periods for pleading

1. RULES OF COURT, Rule 11; Rule 22

2. Alarilla v. Ocampo, G.R. No. 144697, December 10, 2003, 417 SCRA 601 (2003)

K. Filing and service of pleadings & other papers


VIII. MOTIONS

A. RULES OF COURT, Rule 15; Rule 133, sec. 7

B. Batas Blg.129 (1980), sec. 16

C. Cases

1. Cledera, et al. v. Sarmiento, et al., G.R. Nos. L-32450-51, June 10, 1971, 39 SCRA 552 (1971)

2. Cruz v. Court of Appeals, et al., G.R. No. 123340, August 29, 2002, 388 SCRA 72 (2002)

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3. KKK Foundation, Inc. v. Bargas, et al., G.R. No. 163785, December 27, 2007, 541 SCRA 432 (2007)

4. Aneco Realty Development Corporation v. Landex Development Corporation, G.R. No. 165952, July 28, 2008, 560 SCRA 182 (2008)

IX. OBJECTIONS TO PLEADINGS

A. Motion to dismiss

1. Generally

a. Borje v. CFI of Misamis Occidental, G.R. No. L-48315, February 27, 1979, 88 SCRA 576 (1979)

2. Want of jurisdiction

a. RULES OF COURT, Rule 16, sec. 1, par. (a) and (b)b. Andaya v. Abadia, G.R. No. 104033, December 27,

1993, 228 SCRA 705 (1993)c. Department of Agrarian Reform v. Abdulwahid, et al.,

G.R. No. 163285, February 27, 2008, 547 SCRA 30 (2008)d. Republic v. Glasgow Credit and Collection Services, Inc.,

G.R. No. 170281, January 18, 2008, 542 SCRA 95(2008)

3. Improper venue

a. RULES OF COURT, Rule 16, sec. 1, par. (c)

4. Want of legal capacity to sue

a. RULES OF COURT, Rule 16, sec. 1, par. (d)b. Evangelista, et al. v. Santiago, G.R. No. 157447, April

29, 2005, 457 SCRA 744 (2005)

5. Litis pendentia

a. RULES OF COURT, Rule 16, sec. 1, par. (e)b. Arceo v. Oliveros, G.R. No. L-38251, January 31, 1985,

134 SCRA 308 (1985)c. Buan, et al. v. Lopez, Jr., G.R. No. L-75349, October 13,

1986, 145 SCRA 34 (1986)d. Investors’ Finance Corporation v. Ebarle, et al., G.R.

No. 70640, June 29, 1988, 163 SCRA 60 (1988)

18

6. Res judicata and statute of limitations

a. RULES OF COURT, Rule 16, sec. 1, par. (f); Rule 39, sec. 47

b. Oropeza Marketing Corp. v. Allied Banking Corp., G.R. No. 129788, December 3, 2002, 393 SCRA 278 (2002)

c. Carandang v. Venturanza, G.R. No. L-41940, November 21, 1984, 133 SCRA 344 (1984)

d. Manila Electric Co. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-33794, May 31, 1982, 114 SCRA 173 (1982)

e. Avisado v. Rumbaua, G.R. No. 137306, March 12, 2001, 354 SCRA 245 (2001)

f. Arreza v. Diaz, G.R. No. 133113, August 30, 2001, 364 SCRA 88 (2001)

g. Francisco v. Roque Co, et al., G.R. No. 151339, January 31, 2006, 481 SCRA 241 (2006)

h. Cruz v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 164797, February 13, 2006, 482 SCRA 379 (2006)

i. Pascual v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 115925, August 15, 2003, 409 SCRA 105 (2003)

Cf. “Law of the case”

a. Litton Mills, Inc. v. Galleon Trader, Inc., G.R. No. L-40867, July 26, 1988, 163 SCRA 489 (1988)

b. Ayala Corporation v. Rosa-Diana Realty & Development Corporation, G.R. No. 134284, December 1, 2000, 346 SCRA 663 (2000)

7. Insufficient allegations

a. RULES OF COURT, Rule 16, sec. 1, par. (g)b. Marcopper Mining Corp. v. Garcia, G.R. No. L-55935, July

30, 1986, 143 SCRA 178 (1986)c. Fluor Daniel, Inc. Philippines v. E.B. Villarosa &

Partners Co., Ltd., G.R. No. 159648, July 27, 2007, 528 SCRA 321 (2007)

8. Payment, waiver, abandonment or extinction

a. RULES OF COURT, Rule 16, sec. 1, par. (h)

9. Statute of frauds

a. RULES OF COURT, Rule 16, sec. 1, par. (i)

19

10. Non-compliance with a condition precedent for filing

a. RULES OF COURT, Rule 16, sec. 1, par. (j)b. CIVIL CODE, art. 222c. Mendoza v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-23102, April

24, 1967, 19 SCRA 756 (1967)

11. Lack of certification against forum shopping

a. RULES OF COURT, Rule 7, sec. 5

12. Procedure on motion to dismiss

a. RULES OF COURT, Rule 16, secs. 2-6b. Malicdem v. Flores, G.R. No. 151001, September 8,

2006, 501 SCRA 248 (2006)

B. Motion to suspend proceedings

1. Need for prior arbitration

a. Bengson v.Chan, et al., G.R. No. L-27283, July 29, 1977, 78 SCRA 113 (1977)

2. Need for prior reference to barangay conciliation


C. Motion for bill of particulars


2. Bantillo v. Intermediate Appellate Court, G.R. No. 75311, October 18, 1988, 166 SCRA 508 (1988)

3. Virata v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 106527, April 6, 1993, 221 SCRA 52 (1993)

D. Motion to drop/add parties


E. Motion to severe cause of action

20


F. Motion to strike out

1. RULES OF COURT, Rule 8, sec. 12; Rule 7, sec. 3; Rule 12, sec. 4; Rule 29, sec. 3, par. (c)

G. Motion for judgment on the pleadings


2. Mongao v. Pryce Properties Corporation, G.R. No. 156474, August 16, 2005, 407 SCRA 201 (2005)

H. Motion for summary judgment


2. Estrada v. Consolacion, G.R. No. L-40948, June 29, 1976, 71 SCRA 523 (1976)

3. Nocom v. Camerino, G.R. No. 182984, February 10, 2009, 578 SCRA 390 (2009)

X. DISMISSALS AND DEFAULTS

A. Dismissals


2. Republic Planters Bank v. Molina, G.R. No. 54287, September 28, 1988, 166 SCRA 39 (1988)

3. Pinga v. Santiago, G.R. No. 170354, June 30, 2006, 494 SCRA 393 (2006)

B. Defaults


2. Co v. Acosta, G.R. No. 64591, January 17, 1985, 134 SCRA 185 (1985)

3. Lina v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 63397, April 9, 1985, 135 SCRA 637 (1985)

21

4. Boticano v. Chu, Jr., G.R. No. 58036, March 16, 1987, 148 SCRA 541 (1987)

5. Denso (Phils.), Inc. v. Intermediate Appellate Court, G.R. No. 75000, February 27, 1987, 148 SCRA 280 (1987)

XI. PROVISIONAL REMEDIES

A. Notice of lis pendens


2. CIVIL CODE, art. 1381, par. (4)

3. Spouses Po Lam v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 116220, December 6, 2000, 347 SCRA 86 (2000)

B. Preliminary attachment

1. RULES OF COURT, Rule 57; Appendix of Forms, Form 16

2. CIVIL CODE, art. 1387

3. Philippine British Assurance Co., Inc. v. Intermediate Appellate Court, G.R. No. 72005, May 29, 1987, SCRA 520 (1987)

4. International Container Terminal Services, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 90530, October 7, 1992, 214 SCRA 456 (1992)

5. Davao Light and Power Co. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 93262, November 29, 1991, 204 SCRA 343 (1991)

6. Security Pacific Assurance v. Tria-Infante, G.R. No. 144740, August 31, 2005, 468 SCRA 526 (2005)

C. Preliminary injunction


2. A.M. No. 07-7-12-SC, December 4, 2007

3. Brocka, et al. v. Enrile, et al., G.R. Nos. 69863-65, December 10, 1990, 192 SCRA 183 (1990)

22

4. Social Justice Society, et al. v. Atienza, G.R. No. 156052, February 13, 2008, 545 SCRA 92 (2008)

5. Philippine Ports Authority v. Pier 8 Arrastre and Stevedoring Services, Inc., G.R. No. 147861, November 18, 2005, 475 SCRA 426 (2005)

6. Rep. Act No. 8975 (2000)

7. Rep. Act No. 9136 (2001), sec. 78

D. Receivership


E. Replevin


2. Vda. De Danao v. Ginete, A.M. No. MTJ-03-1474, January 21, 2003, 395 SCRA 542 (2003)

F. Support pendente lite


2. Lam v. Chua, G.R. No. 131286, March 18, 2004, 426 SCRA 29 (2004)

XII. DISCOVERY

A. Generally

1. Republic v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 90478, November 21, 1991, 204 SCRA 212 (1991)

B. Depositions

1. RULES OF COURT, Rules 23 and 24

2. Fortune Corporation v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 108119, January 19, 1994, 229 SCRA 355 (1994)

3. Northwest Airlines, Inc. v. Cruz, G.R. No. 137136, November 3, 1999, 317 SCRA 761 (1999)

23

C. Interrogatories to parties


D. Request for admissions


2. Briboneria v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 101682, December 14, 1992, 216 SCRA 607 (1992)

E. Production or inspection of documents or things


F. Physical and mental examinations of persons


G. Sanctions for refusal to make discovery

1. RULES OF COURT, Rule 29 XIII. PRE-TRIAL

A. When conducted


B. Nature and purpose


2. Tiu v. Middleton, G.R. No. 134998, July 19, 1999, 310 SCRA 580 (1999)

C. Pre-trial brief


2. A.M. No. 03-1-09-SC, July 13, 2004

D. Appearance of parties

1. RULES OF COURT, Rule 18, secs. 4 & 5; Rule 17, sec. 3; Rule 9,

24

sec. 3

E. Procedure and Court-Annexed Mediation and Judicial Dispute Resolution

1. RULES OF COURT, Rule 18, secs. 1, 3, 6, 7; Rule 9, sec. 3

2. A.M. No. 03-1-09-SC, July 13, 2004

3. A.M. No. 01-10-5-SC-PHILJA, October 16, 2001

4. Admin. Order No. 59-2005, April 26, 2005

5. A.M. No. 11-1-6-SC-PHILJA, 11 January 2011

6. Philippine Transmarine Carrier Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 122346, February 18, 2000, 326 SCRA 18 (2000)

7. Goldloop Properties, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 99431, August 11, 1992, 212 SCRA 498 (1992)

8. Citibank N.A. v. Chua, G.R. No. 102300, March 17, 1993, 220 SCRA 75 (1993)

XIV. TRIAL

A. Calendar and assignment of cases

1. RULES OF COURT, Rule 20; Rule 135, sec. 1

2. Batas Blg. 129 (1980), sec. 16

B. Trial

1. RULES OF COURT, Rules 30 & 31; Rule 135, secs. 2 & 7; Rule 136, secs. 6 and 17

C. Trial by commissioner


D. Subpoena

1. RULES OF COURT, Rule 21; Rule 135, sec. 5 (e); Rule 141, sec. 13

25

2. Batas Blg. 129 (1980), sec.38 (2)

E. Demurrer to evidence


2. Radiowealth Finance Co. v. Spouses Del Rosario, G.R. No. 138739, July 6, 2000, 335 SCRA 288 (2000)

XV. JUDGMENTS

A. Judgments on the merits

1. RULES OF COURT, Rule 36; Rule 135, sec. 9; Rule 136, sec. 9

2. CONST., art. VIII, sec. 14

3. Batas Blg. 129 (1980), sec. 38, par. (1) and sec. 40

B. Judgments by compromise

1. California Manufacturing Company, Inc. v. City of Las Piñas, et al., G.R. No. 178461, June 22, 2009

2. Philippine National Bank v. Banatao, et al., G.R. No. 149221, April 7, 2009

C. Judgment by confession

1. FAMILY CODE, art. 48

2. Philippine National Bank v. Manila Oil Refining & By-Products Company, Inc., 43 Phil. 444 (1922)

D. Nunc pro tunc judgments

1. Lichauco v. Tan Pho, 51 Phil. 862 (1923)

2. Briones-Vasquez v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 144882, February 4, 2005, 450 SCRA 482 (2005)

E. Judgment for costs


F. Declaratory judgments

26


2. Baguio Citizens Action, Inc. v. City Council, G.R. No. L-27247, April 20, 1983, 121 SCRA 368 (1983)

3. Matalin Coconut Co., Inc. v. Mun. Council of Malabang, Lanao del Sur, G.R. No. L-28138, August 13, 1986, 143 SCRA 404 (1986)

G. Foreign judgments


XVI. REVIEW AND CORRECTION OF TRIAL COURT ERRORS

A. Review and correction by the trial court of its own proceedings

1. Motion for reconsideration or for new trial

A. RULES OF COURT, Rule 37

2. Petition for relief

A. RULES OF COURT, Rule 38b. Service Specialists, Inc. v. Sheriff of Manila, G.R. No.

74586, October 17, 1986, 145 SCRA 139 (1986)

B. Review and correction by another court in an independent action

1. Direct attack

a. Batas Blg. 129 (1980), sec. 9, par. (2)b. RULES OF COURT, Rule 47

2. Certiorari, prohibition and mandamus

A. RULES OF COURT, Rule 65

3. Collateral attack

C. Appellate proceedings; review and correction by another court on appeal

1. Appeal from inferior courts to RTC

27

a. RULES OF COURT, Rule 40b. Batas Blg. 129 (1980), secs. 22 and 39c. Revised Rule on Summary Procedure (1991), sec. 22

par. (c)

2. Appeal from RTC to CA

a. RULES OF COURT, Rules 41 and 42b. A.M. No. 07-7-12-SC, December 4, 2007c. Batas Blg. 129 (1980), secs. 39, 3 to 12 d. Mayor v. Intermediate Appellate Court, G.R. No. 74410,

May 4, 1988, 161 SCRA 63 (1988)e. Merino v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-38337, August

25, 1983, 124 SCRA 248 (1983)f. De la Cruz v. Paras, G.R. No. L-41053, February 27,

1976, 69 SCRA 556 (1976)g. Universal Motors Corp. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No.

47432, January 27, 1992, 205 SCRA 448 (1992)h. Roman Catholic Archbishop of Manila v. Court of

Appeals, G.R. No. 111324, July 5, 1996, 258 SCRA 186 (1996)

i. Neypes v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 141524, September 14, 2005, 469 SCRA 633 (2005)

j. First Aqua Sugar Traders, Inc. v. Bank of the Philippine Islands, G.R. No. 154034, February 5, 2007, 514 SCRA 223 (2007)

k. Ko v. Philippine National Bank, G.R. Nos. 169131-32, January 20, 2006, 479 SCRA 298 (2006)

3. Appeals from specialized tribunals/agencies

a. RULES OF COURT, Rule 43b. Basmayor v. Atencio, G.R. No. 160573, October 19,

2005, 473 SCRA 382 (2005)

4. Appeals to the Supreme Court

a. RULES OF COURT, Rule 45b. A.M. No. 07-7-12-SC, December 4, 2007 c. CONST., art. VIII, sec. 5, par. (2)d. Gamiao v. Plan, G.R. No. L-57102, June 29, 1982, 114

SCRA 907 (1982)e. Cebu Stevedoring Co., Inc. v. Ramolete, G.R. No. L-

56627, August 17, 1981, 106 SCRA 638 at 645-647 (1981)

28

f. Agote v. Lorenzo, G.R. No. 142675, July 22, 2005, 464 SCRA 60 (2005)

5. Procedure in the CA and in the Supreme Court

a. RULES OF COURT, Rules 44-56b. CONST., art. VIII, secs. 4, 13 & 15c. Republic Act No. 296 (1948), as amended, secs. 9, 10,

18, 23, 31d. Batas Blg. 129 (1980), secs. 4, 8, 10-12 and 40

D. Extraordinary remedies (prerogative writs: certiorari, prohibition and mandamus as modes of review)


2. A.M. No. 07-7-12-SC, December 4, 2007

3. St. Peter Memorial Park, Inc. v. Campos, G.R. No. L-38280, March 21, 1975, 63 SCRA 180 (1975)

4. Mercado v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-44001, June 10, 1988, 162 SCRA 75 (1988)

5. BA Finance Corp. v. Pineda, G.R. No. L-61628, December 29, 1982, 119 SCRA 493 (1982)

6. Philippine Rabbit Bus Lines v. Goimco, G.R. No. 135507, November 29, 2005, 476 SCRA 361 (2005)

7. Cervantes v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 166755, November 18, 2005, 475 SCRA 562 (2005)

8. Ang Biat Huan Sons Industries, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 154837, March 22, 2007, 518 SCRA 697 (2007)

9. Longino v. General, G.R. No. 147956, February 16, 2005, 451 SCRA 423 (2005)

10. Calim v. Guerrero, G.R. No. 156527, March 5, 2007, 517 SCRA 412 (2007)

XVII. ENFORCEMENT OF JUDGMENTS

A. Execution

29

1. Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Visayan Electric Company, G.R. No. L-24921, 31 March 1967

2. Heirs of Mateo Pidacan v. Air Transportation Office, G.R. No. 186192, 25 August 2010

3. Philippine Airlines, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-49188, 30 January 1990

B. When execution proper

1. Upon final judgments or orders

A. RULES OF COURT, Rule 39, secs. 1, 46-48

2. Pending appeal

a. RULES OF COURT, Rule 39, secs. 2 and 5b. Universal Far East Corp. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-

64931, August 31, 1984, 131 SCRA 642 (1984)c. Ong v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 92241, October 17,

1991, 203 SCRA 38 (1991)

3. Stay of execution

a. RULES OF COURT, Rule 39, secs. 3 and 4

4. By motion or independent action

A. RULES OF COURT, Rule 39, sec. 6

5. Execution in case of death of party

a. RULES OF COURT, Rule 39, sec. 7

C. Form and contents of execution writ


2. National Power Corporation v. Omar Maruhom, et al., G.R. No. 183297, 23 December 2009

3. Leo Gonzales v. Solid Cement Corporation, G.R. No. 198423, 23 October 2012

D. Execution of money judgments

30


E. Execution of judgments from specific act


F. Execution of special judgments


G. Return of writ of execution


H. Property exempt from execution


2. FAMILY CODE, arts. 152, 153, 155, 157, 160

3. Rep. Act No. 4917 (1967)

I. Effect of levy on execution


J. Third-party claims

1. RULES OF COURT, Rule 39, Sec. 16

2. Bayer Philippines, Inc. v. Agana, G.R. No. L-38701, April 8, 1975, 63 SCRA 355 (1975)

3. Northern Motors, Inc. v. Coquia, G.R. No. L-40018, August 29, 1975, 66 SCRA 415 (1975); G.R. No. L-40018, December 15, 1975, 68 SCRA 374 (1975)

4. Ong v. Tating, G.R. No. 61042, April 15, 1987, 149 SCRA 265 (1987)

5. Magdalena Villasi v. Filomeno Garcia, G.R. No. 190106, 15 January 2014

K. Execution sale

31

1. RULES OF COURT, Rule 39, secs. 15, 17-26, 34-35

2. Cometa v. Intermediate Appellate Court, G.R. No. 69294, June 30, 1987, 151 SCRA 563 (1987)

L. Redemption from execution sale


2. Cenas v. Santos, G.R. No. L-49576, November 21, 1991, 204 SCRA 53 (1991)

3. Hi-Yield Realty, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 138978, September 12, 2002, 388 SCRA 655 (2002)

M. Proceedings supplementary to execution


2. The Economic Insurance Co., Inc. v. Torres, G.R. No. L-28488, October 21, 1977, 79 SCRA 519 (1977)

N. Satisfaction of judgment


XVIII. SPECIAL CIVIL ACTIONS

A. Quo warranto


2. Calleja v. Panday, G.R. No. 168696, February 28, 2006, 483 SCRA 680 (2006)

3. Unilongo v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 123910, April 5, 1999, 305 SCRA 561 (1999)

B. Expropriation


2. CONST., art. III, sec. 9

3. Rep. Act No. 7160 (1991), sec. 19

32

4. Zaballero v. National Housing Authority, G.R. Nos. L-49291-92, October 29, 1987, 155 SCRA 224 (1987)

5. Municipality of Biñan v. Garcia, G.R. No. 69260, December 22, 1989, 180 SCRA 576 (1989)

6. National Housing Authority v. Heirs of Guivelondo, G.R. No. 154411, June 19, 2003, 404 SCRA 389 (2003)

C. Foreclosure of real estate mortgage


2. Rep. Act No. 1300 (1955), sec. 20

3. Rep. Act No. 8791 (2000), sec. 47

3. Union Bank v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 134068, June 25, 2001, 359 SCRA 480 (2001)

4. A.M. No. 99-10-05-0, January 30, 2001

Cf. CIVIL CODE, art. 2112

D. Partition


2. Sepulveda v. Pelaez, G.R. No. 152195, January 31, 2005, 450 SCRA 302 (2005)

3. Panganiban, et al. v. Oamil, G.R. No. 149313, January 22, 2008, 542 SCRA 166 (2008)

4. Marasigan v. Marasigan, G.R. No. 156078, March 14, 2008, 548 SCRA 409 (2008)

E. Forcible entry and unlawful detainer


2. De Laureano v. Adil, G.R. No. L-43345, July 29, 1976, 72 SCRA 148 (1976)

3. Lesaca v. Cuevas, G.R. No. L-48419, October 27, 1983, 125 SCRA 384 (1983)

33

4. City of Manila v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-42364, April 9, 1987, 149 SCRA 183 (1987)

5. Barba v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 126638, February 6, 2002, 376 SCRA 210 (2002)

6. Palattao v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 131726, May 7, 2002, 381 SCRA 681 (2002)

7. Ross Rica Sales Center, Inc. v. Spouses Ong, G.R. No. 132197, August 16, 2005, 467 SCRA 35 (2005)

8. Ganila v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 150755, June 28, 2005, 461 SCRA 435 (2005)

9. David v. Cordova, G.R. No. 152992, July 28, 2005, 464 SCRA 384 (2005)

10. Domalsin v. Valenciano, G.R. No. 158687, January 25, 2006, 480 SCRA 114 (2006)

F. Contempt


2. Lipata v. Tutaan, G.R. No. L-61643, September 29, 1983, 124 SCRA 877 (1983)

3. Heirs of Vda. De Roxas v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 138660, February 5, 2004, 422 SCRA 101 (2004)

4. Leonidas v. Supnet, A.M. No. MTJ-02-1433, February 21, 2003, 398 SCRA 38 (2003)

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