The Civil Rights The Civil Rights MovementMovement
The Civil Rights The Civil Rights MovementMovement
1954-19681954-1968
““It wasn’t no Civil It wasn’t no Civil War. Wasn’t no War. Wasn’t no World War. Just World War. Just
people in the same people in the same country fighting each country fighting each
other”other”
The Civil Rights MovementThe Civil Rights Movement Journal #19Journal #19
..From your past study of History Identify the Who
(leaders), What (goals, accomplishments) and ,
when (time period) of the Civil Rights Movement in
the U.S.
Unit IV
1820
18501850
18541854
18571857
18601860
The Emancipation Proclamation 1863The Emancipation Proclamation 1863
.
In 1861, President Abraham Lincoln had one thing on his mind when the Civil War broke out: preserve the Unionpreserve the Union.
On Jan. 1, 1863, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which declared all slaves in Confederate-controlled areas free.
CIVIL WAR and CIVIL WAR and RECONSTRUCTIONRECONSTRUCTION
1313thth Amendment AmendmentSSlavery abolishedlavery abolished
1414thth Amendment AmendmentCCitizenship extendeditizenship extended
1515thth Amendment AmendmentAfrican Americans African Americans VVotingoting
Post Post Reconstruction Reconstruction
1877 +1877 +
Jim Crow LawsJim Crow LawsLasting effects of Lasting effects of Plessy Plessy
vs. Fergusonvs. Ferguson (1896)(1896)InequalityInequality
SocialSocialPolitical Political
EconomicEconomic
PlePlessssyySSanctioned anctioned
SSegregatioegregationn
The Legacy of Reconstruction
The Legacy of The Legacy of ReconstructionReconstruction
Don’t accept Don’t accept inferiorityinferiority
Self respect more Self respect more important than important than
wealthwealthPolitical powerPolitical power
Agriculture, mechanics, Agriculture, mechanics, commerce, domestic commerce, domestic
serviceservice
Common labor,Common labor,
““dignity in tilling the dignity in tilling the fieldfield
Opportunity to earn a Opportunity to earn a dollardollar
Social equality is Social equality is “extremist folly“extremist folly”
Booker T. WashingtonBooker T. Washington WEB DuBoisWEB DuBois
The FoundationThe Foundation
A FAMILIAR THEME?A FAMILIAR THEME?
Henry Henry Johnson and Johnson and
the NY’s 369th the NY’s 369th Infantry;Infantry;“Harlem “Harlem
Hellfighters”Hellfighters”
The 54The 54thth Massachusetts Massachusetts inspiration for inspiration for
the film the film “GLORY”“GLORY”
The Civil War 1860-1865The Civil War 1860-1865 World War I 1914-1919World War I 1914-1919
WORLD WAR IIWORLD WAR IIWorld War II 1941-45World War II 1941-45
332nd 332nd Fighter Pilot Fighter Pilot Squadron; Squadron;
the the "Tuskegee "Tuskegee AirmenAirmen""
Segregated Armed Segregated Armed forcesforces
DiscriminationDiscrimination
PrejudicePrejudice
1947 HST orders 1947 HST orders integration of the integration of the
militarymilitary
11stst African- African-American to American to play in major play in major
league league baseballbaseball
Significance?Significance?
JACKIE ROBINSON 1947JACKIE ROBINSON 1947
SOUTHERN JUSTICESOUTHERN JUSTICEThe Case of Emmett Till The Case of Emmett Till (1955)(1955)
CRIME: Allegedly whistling at a white womanPUNISHMENT: Brutally beaten by 2 white men
The Case of Emmett Till The Case of Emmett Till (1955)(1955)
The Death of Emmett TillThe Death of Emmett Till(Words and Music by Bob Dylan) (Words and Music by Bob Dylan)
'Twas down in Mississippi no so long ago, 'Twas down in Mississippi no so long ago, When a young boy from Chicago town When a young boy from Chicago town
stepped through a Southern door. stepped through a Southern door. This boy's dreadful tragedy I can still This boy's dreadful tragedy I can still
remember well, remember well, The color of his skin was black and his name The color of his skin was black and his name
was Emmett Till. was Emmett Till.
Issue: Is separate but equal is Issue: Is separate but equal is constitutional?constitutional?
ConceptsConcepts: 1414thth amendment, civil amendment, civil rightsrights
Background:Background: Who was Linda Who was Linda Brown - How were her rights Brown - How were her rights denied?denied?
Significance: Overturns Plessy v. Ferguson ( 1896); separate but equal is unconstitutional
BROWN vs. The BOARD of BROWN vs. The BOARD of EDUCATION (1954)EDUCATION (1954)
Public Facilities and Public Facilities and AccommodationsAccommodations
Civil rights leaders and groups Civil rights leaders and groups develop new tactics:develop new tactics:
Direct actionDirect action
non-violencenon-violence
Civil disobedienceCivil disobedience
boycottboycott
In 1955 Rosa Parks rode In 1955 Rosa Parks rode
a bus and sat in a seat a bus and sat in a seat provided for whites. provided for whites. Her refusal to give her Her refusal to give her
seat to a white man was seat to a white man was the beginning of a bus the beginning of a bus
boycott. She was boycott. She was arrested and sent to jail. arrested and sent to jail.
Montgomery Bus Montgomery Bus
Boycott 1955Boycott 1955
- Rosa Parks and the - Rosa Parks and the citizens of Montgomery, citizens of Montgomery, Alabama boycott public Alabama boycott public bus service for 381 daysbus service for 381 days
- Supreme Court rule - Supreme Court rule segregated buses are segregated buses are
illegalillegal
Southern States Southern States Resist Resist
ComplianceComplianceCase Study Little
Rock 1957Theme:
Federal State conflict
SIT-INsSIT-INs
.. 1960 Sit-ins – (Greensborough, NC)Four
black college students sat at a segregated lunch counter (nonviolent resistance).. Local police officers arrested the students This event sparked a series of similar protests at lunch counters across the South.
Public Facilities Public Facilities (cont’d)(cont’d) Birmingham –1963Birmingham –1963
Description?Description?Why did the movement Why did the movement
succeed?succeed?National significance?National significance?
Most racist city in USA?Most racist city in USA?
Police dogs used to put Police dogs used to put down peaceful protestdown peaceful protest
Harsh tactics used by Harsh tactics used by local Policelocal Police
Birmingham 1963Birmingham 1963
LETTER FROM THE LETTER FROM THE BIRMINGHAM JAILBIRMINGHAM JAIL“When you see the vast
majority of 20 million negro brothers smothering in the air
tight cage of poverty…then you will understand why we find it
difficult to wait.”
MARCH on WASHINGTONMARCH on WASHINGTON
..
More than 200,000 blacks and whites gather before Lincoln Memorial to hear speeches (including King's "I Have a Dream") and protest racial
injustice
The March on WashingtonThe March on Washington
Civil Rights Act of 1964Civil Rights Act of 1964
““We believe that We believe that all men are all men are created equal…created equal…yet certain people yet certain people are not treated are not treated equally because equally because of the color of of the color of their skin..”their skin..”
““I have a I have a dream…”dream…”
Civil Rights Act of 1964Civil Rights Act of 19641. Banned segregation in all 1. Banned segregation in all public accommodations public accommodations (restaurants, hotels…)(restaurants, hotels…)
2. Banned segregation in 2. Banned segregation in public owned and operated public owned and operated facilities (parks, schools…)facilities (parks, schools…)
3. Prohibits discrimination in 3. Prohibits discrimination in employment based on race, employment based on race, sex religion and national originsex religion and national origin
Bans Poll Taxes as a voting Bans Poll Taxes as a voting requirementrequirement
2424thth amendment amendment
Voting Rights Act of 1965Voting Rights Act of 1965
Authorized federal officials to Authorized federal officials to register voters where local register voters where local officials prevented African-officials prevented African-
Americans from registering to Americans from registering to votevote
It doesn't mean that I advocate violence, but at the same time, I am not against using violence in self-defense. I don't call it violence when it's self-defense, I call it intelligence. - Malcolm XMalcolm X
. .
"Whites can help us but they can't join us. There can be no Black-White unity until there is first some Black unity."
Non-violent protesting.
Speaking out for non-violence
Passive resistance
Suspicious of whites; willing to use "any means necessary" to achieve equality.
Was a segregationist until his pilgrimage to Mecca