Civil War

United States HistoryMrs. O’Shea

1860 Presidential Election

Abraham Lincoln won• 39% popular vote• 180 electoral votes• not a single electoral vote from

South• Name did not appear on many

southern ballots

1860 ELECTION RESULTS

Southern Secession South Carolina seceded in

Dec. 1860 6 others states followed =

TexasLouisianaMississippiAlabamaFlorida

Georgia Created Confederate States

of America

Fort Sumter

• Federal fort outside Charleston, SC

• Federal supply ship shot at by Confederates

• Lincoln wanted to preserve Union – must protect fort

• April 12, 1861 – Confederates seize fort

Strengths – p.382North South

Strategies – p.383-384North South

Review• Lincoln elected President - 1860

• Southern states secede

• Fort Sumter – beginning of war

• North – Preserve the Union

• South – Federal government no longer represents our interests. We voluntarily joined United States, we choose to leave it.

Battle of Bull Run

• Union troops – not prepared

• Sent by Lincoln to capture Richmond – Confederate capital city

• Met with 32,000 Confederate troops outside of Manassas.

• Union troops were sent running back to Washington, D.C.

IMPORTANCE

• Boosted Confederates morale

• Signaled to Union that they needed to prepare for a real war

CASUALTIES

• Heavy casualties on both sides – killed, wounded, captured, or MIA

• Disease (typhoid fever, dysentery, salmonella, gangrene, malaria)

Casualties (deaths)

Revolutionary War = 4,400

Mexican American War = 13,000

Civil War = 600,000

WWI = 115,000

WWII = 407,000

Korean War = 33,000

Vietnam War = 58,000

War in Iraq = 4,244 (as of February 13, 2009)Really rough estimates – Mrs. O’SheaReally rough estimates – Mrs. O’Shea

Casualties (deaths)

4,400 13,000

600,000

115,000

407,000

4,24433,000 58,000

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

700,000

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Amer

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Civil W

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WW

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WW

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Korean

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Vietnam

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War in

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Deaths

GROUP 1

GROUP 2

GROUP 3

GROUP 4

Lincoln and Slavery

• “Preserve the Union”

• Personally opposed to slavery

• Came to regard abolishing slavery as a strategy for winning war

• Slave working in field = one more Southerner fighting in

fields

Emancipation Proclamation p. 396Who was freed?

slaves under Confederate control

Some Northerners feared …freed people would increase unemployment

Abolitionists criticized Lincoln for …not going far enough by freeing all slaves

Southerners …condemned it

African Americans in War

• July 1862 – Congress allows African-Americans to join military

• January 1, 1863 – Emancipation Proclamation – encouraged freed slaves to fight

• By 1865 – 180,000 African Americans had enlisted (10% of troops)

• Less pay• Black regiments – white officers• 54th Massachusetts Infantry – bravery in attack on

Ft. Wagner – first medal of honor (Sergeant William Carney) GLORY

Plans to Win!!!

• Union – attacked from West and East – Anaconda Plan (choke them)

• Confederacy – attacked Union through Virginia (scare Northerners – fuel anti-war movement in North)

North – Strategy

Gettysburg• 3 days – July 1-3, 1863

• Greatest battle ever fought in North America

• Bloodiest battle of war

Union = 23,000 casualties

Confederacy = 28,000 casualties

IMPORTANCE

• Union victory ended Lee’s invasion of North

• Referred to as “turning point of war”

Gettysburg Address

• Dedication of cemetery• Honors Union soldiers• Expresses grief of nation• Necessity of preserving the Union

http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1512410

“War is cruelty. The crueler it is, the sooner it

will be over.”

Sherman’s March p. 412

• Union General William Sherman’s total war

• GOAL = destroy the Confederacy's ability to wage further war

• 300 mile path of destruction – destroying railroads, bridges, factories, livestock, crops, etc.

• Most likely speed up the ending of the war

South Surrenders

Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox Court House, Virginia (private home – not a court building)

-take horses and go home

-obey laws

April 9, 1965

Lincoln Assassinated

• April 14, 1865

• John Wilkes Booth – wanted to kidnap in exchange for Confederate prisoners.

• Changed plans – killed Lincoln

• Ford’s Theater