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Causes of the Civil War 1. Economics
Cotton Gin – Eli Whitney Made South
one-crop economy. North
industrial economy.
Causes of the Civil War 2. Cultural Differences
South – Agricultural and rural North – Industrial and urban
3. States Rights vs Federal Rights Southern states - strong rights/powers for the
state governments. Northern states – Strong Federal Rights
The Slavery Question Missouri Compromise
Everything North of 36o 30’ was closed to slavery
Compromise of 1850 California added to Union as free state New Mexico and Utah decide for themselves
The Slavery Question Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854
Kansas could decide whether or not to allow slavery. (Repealed Missouri Compromise)
Bleeding Kansas Pro-slavery Missouri citizens voted in Kansas. Violence erupted over the results
Violence erupts in the Senate
Sen. Charles Sumner, Mass. Delivers anti-slavery speech against Sen. Andrew
Butler, SC Butler’s nephew, Sen. Preston Brooks, attacked Sumner.
Causes of the Civil War 5. Election of Lincoln
South believed Lincoln was anti-slavery.
South Carolina first to secede
Then, MS, FL, AL, GA, LA, TX before inaugurated.
The Civil War Confederate States of America (CSA)
Organization of states who succeeded. Untrusting of strong central control
Civil War Fort Sumter, 1861 – Charleston, SC
Considered first battle of the Civil War
Emancipation Proclamation, 1863 - freed slaves in Confederate-controlled states.
Surrender April 3, 1865 – Union Troops conquer
Richmond, VA (Confederate Capital)
April 9, 1865 – Lee surrenders to Grant in the Appomattox Court house
13th Amendment “Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude,
except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States.”
Reconstruction Rebuilding time after the Civil War Process of re-admitting Confederate states
to the Union Lasted 1865 – 1877
Lincoln’s Plan Lenient Policy Pardon all confederates who swear
allegiance to the Union 10% Plan
When 10% of people did this, state could be represented in Congress
AK, LA, TN, VA
Radical Republicans Senators who wanted to destroy power of
the former slaveholders. Wanted African Americans to have full
citizenship and right to vote.
Andrew Johnson’s Plan
Similar to Lincoln’s Plan Excluded wealthy
landowners Believed South should be
controlled by white men. MS, AL, GA, TN, NC, SC,
FL
Congressional Reconstruction 14th Amendment
Defined citizenship – “all persons born or naturalized in the United States”
Prevented states from denying rights and privileges to any US citizen.
Congressional Reconstruction Reconstruction Act, 1867
Did not recognize the new state governments Divided states into 5 military districts Must let African-American men vote Must ratify the Fourteenth Amendment
Fifteenth Amendment “The right of citizens of the United States to
vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude”
Ratified in 1870
Postwar South Devastated economy
Many farms were destroyed
Devastated population Hundreds of thousands of men died in war
Southern Republicans Scalawags
White Southerners who joined the Republican Party
Small farmers Improve economic position Didn’t want wealthy planters to have power
Southern Republicans African Americans
9 of 10 African American men voters were Republican
Hiram Revelsfirst AAsenator.
Sharecropping Poor whites and
former slaves Owner of land
assigns families plot of land, seeds, and tools. Families keep part Owner gets part
Opposition to Reconstruction Ku Klux Klan (KKK)
1. Destroy Republican Party
2. Remove Reconstruction Governments
3. Prevent African Americans from politics
Opposition to Reconstruction Nathan Bedford
Forrest Confederate Officer First Grand Wizard of
the KKK.
Reconstruction Fades Lack of Republican Unity Bank failures in 1873 Supreme Court overturned some changes
Election of 1876 Samuel Tilden, Dem won popular vote,
lacked electoral vote by 1
Rutherford B. Hayes, Rep given presidency
Federal troops removed from the South.
Identify and Label States through 1877 Alabama Arkansas California Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky
Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina Tennessee Texas Vermont Virginia West Virginia Wisconsin
Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri New Hampshire New Jersey New York North Carolina