CivilFEM Bridges

8/13/2019 CivilFEM Bridges

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ANSYS CivilFEM Bridge Webinar

e er . arre , . . . ., . .

2009 CAE Associates


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ANSYS + CivilFEM

Challenges of Bridge Engineers today: Increase Construction efficiency

Design and Build to Save Material Costs

Extend the life of existin brid es

Better Empower a shrinking engineering workforce

Develop more accurate representation of the structural response:

Nonlinear analysis and incremental construction are ANSYS/CivilFEM strengths

eve op au oma e ana yses o save es gn me

Perform what if and design optimization tasks to create more effectiveuse of construction materials

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CAE Associates CivilFEM / ANSYS Partner

The worlds biggest and most sophisticated users of engineeringsimulation choose CAE Associates for consulting services, training andsoftware. e.g. ABB, AREVA, Bechtel-Houston, GE (Nuclear, Energy, Aviation, GRC),Seimens, UTC (Pratt & Whitney, Otis, Sikorsky), AECOM, Westinghouse, Parsons.

nce e company s ncep on n , we ave spec a ze n prov ng

solutions to engineering problems using FEA and CFD technology.

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What is CivilFEM?

- , - - -traditional ANSYS developed by ANSYSs Spain distributorINGECIBER

AASHTO LRFDBr id eD es i n S eci f ic at i ons

N /CivilSYS FEM

55

2.5

40

5

15

15

5

8060

50

60

5

5

5

2.5

5

2.5

60

CANADA

50

40

30

(Western USA)

TropicofCancer

5

2.5

2.5

MXICO

AAccel eration Coeffic ient

SeismicZone

1

2

3

4> 0.29

> 0.19 and < 0.29

_> 0.09 and < 0.19

_

< 0.09

_

4


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INGECIBER- CivilFEM Developer / ANSYS Partner

Ingeciber S.A. is a CAE company and ANSYS Channel Partner

CAE Software

In ecibers Qualit Assurance S stem is ISO 9001 certified.

ANSYS, Inc. and Ingeciber, S.A. have a long standing OEMAgreement and established a strategic alliance for FEA solutionsin the construction industry. Some worldwide Customers:

5


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ANSYS Today

>10,000TotalCustomers

>6,000TotalCustomers

>2,000TotalCustomers,

>140,000UniversitySeats >200ChannelPartners >75IndustryPartners

, >70,000UniversitySeats >20ChannelPartners >80IndustryPartners

,

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ANSYS + CivilFEM

purpose structural analysis features of ANSYS (ISO-9001)with high-end civil engineering-specific structural analysiscapabilities of CivilFEM (ISO-9001).

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Current CivilFEM Distributors

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CAE Associates, Inc.

One of fi rst 4 ANSYSChannel Partners

Since 1985

9

.

Since 1981


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CAE Associates CivilFEM / ANSYS Partner

, One of the original ANSYS Channel partners

Custom Training of ANSYS and CivilFEM

10


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Sampling of CAE Consulting Services

NIST Structural Fire Response and ProbableCollapse Sequence of the World Trade CenterTowers Investigation

Steam Generator Replacement in Nuclear

on a nmen u ngs

Pre-stressed Concrete Pipe Simulation Concrete Dam simulation to meet

orps o ng neers cens ng

11


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CAE Associates Senior Technical Staff

Nicholas M. Veikos, Ph.D., President

Peter R. Barrett, M.S.C.E., P.E., Vice President

Michael Bak, Ph.D., Project Manager

a r c unn ng am, . . . ., ro ec anager

Steven Hale, M.S.M.E., Project Manager

James Kosloski M.S.M.E. Pro ect Mana er

Hsin-Hua Tsuei, Ph.D., CFD Manager

Jonathan Masters, Ph.D., Project Manager

George Bauer, M.S.M.E., Project Manager

Eric Stamper, M.S.M.E., Project Manager

, . . . .,Lawrence L. Durocher, Ph.D., Director

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ANSYS Strengths

Nonlinear Stress Analysis Contact

Plasticity

Creep

arge e ect on - e ta ects

Element Birth and Death

Full Element Library (over 200)

eams, pes e s

2D and 3D Solids

Springs, Contact, etc Dynamic Analysis

Response Spectrum

Nonlinear Transient Dynamics

Thermal-Stress Analysis

Indirect and direct coupled field simulations

13

Solvers, meshing, Postprocessing, Graphics


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CivilFEM Strengths

Entire suite of ANSYS capabilities including nonlinear analysis

and dynamics u - n a er a o e s an o e ec ng

Industry Specific CivilFEM Modules

Nonlinear Bridge Simulation Pre-stressed Concrete

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Nuclear Applications


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CivilFEM & ANSYS

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CivilFEM Help

Examples Manuals

Advanced Workshops

Training Courses

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Bridges andon near t es

Overview


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Quote from Bridge Designer

"ANSYS has always been a powerful tool in the resolution of advanced

, , , . ,with the addition of CivilFEM, it has become a decisive instrument in the

entire design and project of bridges such as our "Viaducto del Sil, en

Ponferrada (Len, Spain)".

In the analysis of large bridges you must take into account a lot of

structural features; different materials, types of section, construction

process,... CivilFEM Preprocessor is a definitive help to give ANSYS all the

n orma on nee s.

Later, CivilFEM Postprocessor allows you to check your model under several

International Codes and, both quickly and safely, confirming that the

solution proposed for the bridge is valid.

This whole process eventually concludes in a highly accurate answer to our

clients' requests, with considerable savings in the amount of time spent in

developing the whole project and with a decisive saving of costs in theconstructed bridge.

Kind regards,

Jorge Prez Armio

18

A.T.P. Ingeniera, S.L.

www.atp-ingenieria.es


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Bridge Module Main Features

Utilities for generating common bridge sections andlayout design

Bridge layout modelling (in plan and elevation view)

Geometric and finite element model eneration witheither Beams or Shells or 3d Solid elementsincluding wizards for

Suspension bridges

Arch bridges

Cable-Stayed bridges

Load Generation Overloads

Moving loads (vehicles editor)

Utility for Automated Prestressed force input

User loadsAutomatic Load combinations

Simulation of construction process

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Concrete Creep and Shrinkage


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Section Definition

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Slab Section Definition

RS

BTOP

BMTTOP

Rectangular section Trapezoidal section with flangesB

DEPTH DEPTH

BBOT

TBOT

TF

BTOP

BBOTDEPTH

TTOP

TS

TBOT BBOT

BM2

BM1

BTOP

DEPTH

TTOP

TM

PS

Trapezoidal section Polygonal section with two bends

BM2R

BTOPRBTOPL

BM2L TTOPR

axis

Polygonal Asymmetric with two bends Note: The upper line (deck) is always

BBOTR

BM1RBM1L

BBOTL

DEPTHL

TBOTL

TML

TBOTR

TMR DEPTHR

PA

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Bridge Section Types

horizontal. The slope must be laterdefined with the sections bank.


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tiections aredefined bydimensions

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Global size Cell dimensions

Mesh divisions are defined

Supports are defined (3d Model)

Holes

Flange

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Box Section Definition

Box Section definition window:

Main dimensionsare entered here.

shape hasbeen created,

the eometrwill be refinedusing step-by-step

modification.

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CellSymmetry

WebFlange

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Crown

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Box Section window:

Global

Edit Mesh Divisions

Web div

o om

div

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It is im ortant to note that all the cross sections defined must have thesame number of divisions (the same number of sub-elements). If not, theprogram will not be able to generate a swept mesh of the bridgeautomatically.

1

2

12

3

to mesh the bridge because

the two cross section defined

do not have the same number

3

4

4

of divisions

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Box Section Definition - Script

! Defines a cross section in a box cross-section bridge.

! Main Menu > CIVIL Preprocessor > Bridges Prep > Bridge Sections > Box

!~BRSBOX, NSEC, MAT, NCEL, DEPTH, WDTCEL, THTOP, THBOT, THWEB, LFL

~BRSBOX, 1, 1, 1, 2.5, 6.00, 0.25, 0.2, 0.5, 2.5

~BRSMDF,1,NAME,,,Section 3

! Main Menu > CIVIL Preprocessor > Bridges Prep > Bridge Sections > Modify

!~BRSMDF,ICSEC, Lab1, Lab2, Lab3, VALUE, IDX1, IDX2, IDX3~BRSMDF, 1, BOX, KSYM, , -1

!

A=0.75/SQRT(2.50**2+0.75**2)

~BRSMDF,1,BOX,WEB,SLOPE,-A,0,0,0

~BRSMDF,1,BOX,WEB,RATS,0.25,0,1,0

~ , , , , , . , , ,

~BRSMDF,1,BOX,WEB,RATB,0.12,0,1,0

~BRSMDF,1,BOX,WEB,SLPB,0.75,0,1,0

~BRSMDF,1,BOX,WEB,RATB,0.2,0,3,0

~ , , , , , . , , ,

~BRSMDF,1,BOX,FLANGE,THICK,0.15,0,0,0

~BRSMDF,1,BOX,WEB,RATS,1 ,1,1,0

~BRSMDF,1,BOX,WEB,SLPS,0.1,1,1,0

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Layout Definition

Define Angle units (only for the layout)

Definition of the mileage points that represent the structure

Typically read from a file

~BRINIP,1,0,0,0,0,0 ! Defines the MP and Ansys direction

! from which the bridge model is generated

~BRADDPL,99.5,153.5 ! bridge layout in plan view

~BRADDEL,99.5,153.5 ! bridge layout in elevation view

~BRSKTCH,5 ! Plots the bridge axis (MPs path)

! Example

~BRINIP,1,

~BRADDPL, 90,120, 0, 0

~BRADDPL, ,170, 0,-200

~BRADDEL, 90,170, 0, 0

Definition of plan and elevation layout

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Layout in Plan View

, , , , ,

MP: initial and final mileage point

ANG: angle with respect to previous

.

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L t i Pl Vi


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Layout in Plan View

Plan view parameter definition

Case 1: Straight stretch, If a radio is infinite the field is not introduced, or

the value zero is introduced.

Case 2: Circumference, If Ri = Rf Null:0

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spiral spline ), If Ri Rf

L t i El ti Vi


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Layout in Elevation View

~ , , , ,

MP: initial and final mileage

II, IF: Slopes in % of then a

And final MP of the stretch

ANG: angle respect to theprevious stretch

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L t i El ti Vi


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Layout in Elevation View

Elevation view parameter definition

If II = IF the stretch, in elevation view, is a

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.

Plot Sketch


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Plot Sketch

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Solid Model


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~BRDEF, MP, Nsec, Yoffs, Zoffs, Bank, Trans, Skew, Solid

Solid Model

For the correct generation of the solid model and the finite element modelof the structure, it is necessary to define a series of attributes. These

Cross section number that will be assigned to the different mileage points(MPs) forming the bridge.

points with the cross section plain (Yoffs, Zoffs), referred to the cross sectioncoordinate system

Bank: Possibility of defining the banks along the bridge.

yMP,s line

z

Zoffs

YoffsBank (Rotation's center P)

P

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Bridge definition

Solid Model


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Solid Model

section with respect to the road axis.

o ow or so sect on: s capa ty a ows t e user to e ne o ow or

solid sections for a particular mileage point. Therefore, the user mayconsider hollow sections or solid section at particular points of the

, . -

Hollow section(Solid=0 or blank Solid sectionAccording to original contour (Solid0)

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Cross sections at supports

Solid Model


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Solid Model

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Model Generation


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Model Generation

This utility generates the complete geometrical model ofthe structure as well as the finite element model from thecross sections definition (location, offsets, banks, etc)

It is generated from the defined sections

It utilizes the previously defined layout It generates the finite element model of either beams, shells

or - r c s au oma ca y

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Bridge Wizards


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Bridge Wizards

Concrete (with a CivilFEM bridge section)

Steel (with a CivilFEM steel 3D pattern)

Cable Stayed Bridgesw a v r ge sec on

Arch Bridges(with a CivilFEM bridge section)

Beam model

Shell model

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Bridge Wizards


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Bridge Wizards

Concrete Suspension Bridgesw a v r ge sec on

(with a CivilFEM steel 3D pattern)

ener c uspens on r ges(with a CivilFEM generic cross section)

Mixed section, two types of section: Concrete slab over I-section steel beams

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Suspension Bridge Generators


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Suspension Bridge Generators

Concrete Suspension Bridges

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Supported Bridge Example


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Suppo ted dge a p e

Supported Bridges :

Same parameters as suspension bridges are used, but only bridge deck will begenerated.

ConcreteSteel

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Loads Definition


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,are automatically generated such that can easily beincorporated into load combinations Load types :

Mobile (vehicles, pedestrian, etc.)

Surface loads (structural, traffic, snow, etc.)

Prestressing, in any direction.

Self weight

The loads enerate LoadStates LS that are rou ed in families and

LS 1

later become combinations.

LS 2Vehicle

Load

Family 19 Combination 19

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Loads Definition: Families


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,topology.

All the load steps belonging to a family are combined

The combined family can be later introduced as astarting point in load combinations.

family

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Loads Generation (Traffic Loads)


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( )

Vehicles: Ri id truck or flexible train, ada table to the ath

User friendly path definition: road surface and road axis are automaticallydetected by the program

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Loads Definition: Vehicles


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Start End

Bridge deckFirst Last

ve ic eposition

position

It is possible to define when the vehicle movement starts and ends,relative to the bridge geometry.

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Loads Generation (Prestressing Cables)


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points using splines)

Introduce the tensile force at specific locations in the tendons path

u u u

P'1 P'N

P

P

PP

P1

2

k+2

k+1

NPk

OP

Rz

MRz

MR Kfz

T1

1

3D spline generationx

RMRy

x

c.d.g.R

y

Kfx

Kfy

T2

2

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Transmision of the cable actions to the model

3D Tendon Geometry Editor


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of all tendons of a structure. The geometry may be shown and editedeither graphically or by coordinates.

Tool Bar

Elevation

ObjectTree

View

Info/EditWindow

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Plan View

Prestressed Forces, Moments & Stresses


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Stresses in the support and in the middle of span.

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Combinations with Variable Coefficients


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point P?

P

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Combinations with variable coefficients (favorable/unfavorable)

Actions in different directions (wind, earthquakes, )

Combinations according to codes logic

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ost

most

1 e2

Permanent actions G

dint

hem

ition

tedinth

ositio

n

irtuallan

irtua

lla

Bor

der

Bor

der

Bor

der Self weight

Dead load of 20 kN/mRoad traffic actions (Qk)

0kNl

ocat

orablepo

200kNl

oc

a

vorable

Vehicles (Double-axis)2x300 kN in virtual lane 12x200 kN in virtual lane 2

2x30

unfa

2x

un n orm y s r u e oa s

9.0 kN/m2 in virtual lane 12.5 kN/m2 in virtual lane 2

2

Target:

.

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Minimum MZ



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.

Permanent actions Variable actions

kQkG QG

the coefficients to apply foreach target and element.

Safety factorSafety factorfor variable actions:

Q = 0 if it is favorable

for permanent actions:

G = 1.00 if it is favorable

Q = 1.00 if it is unfavorableG = 1.35 if it is unfavorable

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. Each combination rule has its own Start States

A combination rule may have any number of Start States (up to ax u , ,

The result of the combination is called a combined result Combination rules can be nested

That means that the combined result of the combination i can be a startstate for the combinations i+1, i+2, , n, and combined results of

combination i+1 may be a start state for combinations i+2, i+3, , n

...QQGGE Windk,Wind0,WindQ,Livek,LiveQ,Deadk,DeadG,Gravityk,GravityG,

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Combination RuleCombined result Start State



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Before starting with calculations, you must define all the combination rules and

targets.

Combination number

Type of combinationNumber of Start States included in

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Maximum coefficient Minimum coefficient

If a default value is introduced, it will bea lied to the rest of Start States.

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Code Checking Results


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.011637

.039639

.067641

.095642

.123644

.151646

.179647

PHASE 1:

AXIAL +BENDING CHECKING

.

.235651

.263652

X

Y

Z

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CivilFEM Creep and Shrinkage


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Time dependent deformation without external loads, due to the concretehardening.

Time dependent deformation under the influence of stress

of stresses, the reaction forces and the pre-stressing forces that act on thestructure.

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)()()( ttt shcrelt (t, )o Strain due to creep only appearsafter loading the structure

(t, ) CREEPoCRStrain due to shrinkageappears at the initial time

Elastic s train is produced, instantanously,at the moment the load is applied

(t)e

(t)SH

ELASTIC

SHRINKAGE

t,o t

2

F(t)

0

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Strain components

t,o



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Linearity: the creep deformation is proportional to the stresses

(t, )

(t,0)

(t, )1

CR

CR

(0)CR

( )1CR

*

*

(t, )2CR

( )2CR

*

),(),(28,

0 t

Et

c

ccr

t, 1 2

Creep variation w ith ti me and w ith th e load application age

The validity of this assumption is experimentally confirmed for initialstresses below 40% of the strength of concrete.

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(t, )CR

(t, )1CRI

(t, )2CR

II

CR

(t, )CR

CR

Principle of superposition: thedeformation due to creep attime t caused b a stress

t, 1 2t,

o o

increment applied at time is

independent from any stressincrement that takes place,1 ,2

T I II

(t, )CR (t, )CR

Therefore, the deformations

1 t,

F FT I

CR CR CR

1 t,

CR CRT I

CR CRT I

CRII

t,1 2

o

o

t,1 2

o

Superposition princi ple

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Shrinkage in CivilFEM is computed from the shrinkage strain curvesdefined in the concrete material properties.

Curves can be defined by the user point-by-point.

r n age s ra ns w e compu e n a ma er a s w e s r n ageoption activated.

They are introduced in the model by temperature increments and calculated.

Since shrinkage strains are related to thermal strains, temperatureincrements must not be applied to elements that are associated to materialswith the shrinka e o tion activated.

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- ,defined with command TIME, must coincide with active time of CivilFEMdefined with command ~ACTTIME.

All the structural elements of ANSYS support the modeling of concreteshrinkage with CivilFEM. Exceptions:

SHELL91, SHELL181, SOLID191

SHELL99 and SOLID46 elements can only be used with KEYOPT(2) = 0 or 1

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- -

In the step by step method the time is divided into a series of intervals. In eachintervals the equilibrium and compatibility conditions of the structure aresatisfied. Strain is computed as follows:

t

cc

crel dE

t

Ett

028,

)(),(

)(

1)()(

The solution procedure of CivilFEM employs a non linear calculation withautomatic time discretization: the time steps, corresponding to load steps andsubsteps, are chosen to follow the evolution of loads and model geometry.

k

i

i

c

ik

ic

k tE

tt

tEt

1 28,

)(),(

)(

1)(

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coefficients defined in the material properties and from the stressincrements produced during the steps of time discretization:

i

o

i t,

o

),(

k

ik tttt

ttt

68

1 28,

i cE



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(subroutine UserCreep is programmed for this case, which uses an implicittime integration algorithm).

It is also possible to take into account an aging coefficient. In this case creepstrains are computed as follows:

k

iik

ikk

kcr ttttttttt 1

1 )(),(),()(),()(

t1 is the time of the application of the first load

If the value of the aging coefficient is not specified, the program uses:

cc 1 28,28,

5.0

5.0

1),(

i

iik

t

ttt

Like in case of shrinkage, for a correct evaluation of time-dependentproperties, ANSYS time defined with command TIME, must coincide with

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act ve t me o v e ne w t comman ~ .

CivilFEM Creep Effective Modulus Method


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takes into account the additional strain caused by phenomenon of creep

The effective modulus is calculated b the followin ex ression:

1

,.t

EEtEx

xeffcr

28Ex

The concrete age at the moment of the load application is calculated as thedifference between the load application time, TAppLoad and the materialactivation time, Tact.

TActTAppLoad

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CivilFEM Creep Effective Modulus Method


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s s mp e me o nee s on y one oa s ep or eac me o esolved, so this method is much faster than the step by step method.

Under this method, the creep strain only depends on the current state of

stresses thats why its independent of the previous load history. Thismethod provides accurate results for concrete stresses almost constant inme.

This method is based on the substitution of the material elasticity modulusby an effective modulus so it isnt possible to determine the creep strainindependent to the elastic strain so the final elastic strain will be thecombination of these.

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Step by step method:

Beam: LINK180, BEAM188, BEAM189

e :

2D Solid: PLANE182, PLANE183

3D Solid: SOLID185, SOLID186, SOLID187

ec ve mo u es me o :

All the ANSYS structural elements.

Element types that are supported in CivilFEM to model concreteShrinkage:

All the ANSYS structural elements except:

All pipe elements.

SHELL 91, SHELL 181, SOLID 191. It can only be used on SHELL 99 and SOLID 46 elements if KEYOPT (2)=0 or 1.

72

Creep and Shrinkage Time Stepping

~CFMP,1,LIB,CONCRETE,EC2,C16/20 ! Concrete


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~ , , , ,, reep y ep y ep e o

~CFMP,1,CONCR,KEYCT,,0

~CFMP,1,CONCR,KSHRINK,,1 ,0,0,0 ! by temperatures

~CFMP,1,CONCR,AGESRINI,,10 ,0,0,0 ! concrete age when shrinkage

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

TIME,10 $ ~ACTTIME,10 ! 10 Days

RATE,ON

NSUBST,1SOLVE

, ,


SOLVE

NSUBST,10,

TIME 25 ~ACTTIME 25 ! 25 Da sSOLVE


SOLVE


SOLVE

TIME,1000 $ ~ACTTIME,1000 ! 1000 DaysSOLVE


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NON- INCREMENTAL ANALYSIS:

Construction Sequence (Curing) Analysis


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NON INCREMENTAL ANALYSIS:

Concrete

tee

,until concrete has gained resistance.

ANALY I :

First the steel beam is placed and then the concrete, without resistance, will

74

e poure on e s ee s ruc ure.

Cable Stayed Bridge Wizard


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Y Y

X

Y

Z

XZ Z

MN

MX

X

Y

Z

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~CPDEF,1,3 ! 3 Phases

! Phase 1Geometry

~ , , ,

~CPSTDEF,1,SS,6,14,,0

~CPSTDEF,1,SS,1,6 ~CPSTDEF,1,TENDON,1,10 Phases

40 m 40 m50 m

~CPSTDEF,1,TENDON,11,30,,0

! Phase 2

~CPSTDEF,2,TIME,12 ! 12 days

~CPSTDEF,2,SS,1,11 Cross Sections

50 m 30 m50 m

Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3

Section 1

~CPSTDEF,2,TENDON,1,20

~CPSTDEF,2,TENDON,21,30,,0

! Phase 3

~CPSTDEF,3,TIME,24 ! 24 days 8 m 8 m12 m 12 m 8 m 8 m12 m 12 m10 m 10 m15 m 15 m

Section 2 Section 2 Section 2 Section 2Section 1

Linear transition

Section 1

Linear transition

Section 1

Linear transition

Section 2

~CPSTDEF,3,SS,1,14

~CPSTDEF,3,TENDON,1,30

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Postprocess Results


78/81

-.161E+ 08

-.985E+ 07

-.361E+ 07

.263 E+ 07

.887E+ 07

.151 E+ 08

+

PHASE 1:BENDING MOMENT MZ -.228E+ 08

-.152E+ 08PHASE 2:

X

Y

Z

.401E+ 08

.

.276E+ 08

.338E+ 08

-.

.765E+ 07

.152E+ 08

.229E+ 08

.305E+ 08

.381E+ 08

.457E+ 08

X

Y

Z

-.220E+ 08

-.143E+ 08

-.665E+ 07

.101 E+ 07

.867 E+ 07

.163E+08

PHASE 3:BENDING MOMENT MZ

Y

.240E+ 08

.316E+08

.393 E+ 08

.470E+ 08

78

XZ

Case Study: Sil River Bridge


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CivilFEM Bridges

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