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Civilization

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This presentation covers the elements of civilization.
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1 Farming and the Emergence of Complex Societies 10,000 – 1,000 BCE. Big Era Three Big Era Three Civilization Civilization
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Page 1: Civilization

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Farming and the Emergenceof Complex Societies10,000 – 1,000 BCE.

Big Era ThreeBig Era Three CivilizationCivilization

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Farming and Farming and complex societies?complex societies?

Where did they Where did they come from?come from?

I thought I thought we were stillwe were stillhunting andhunting andgatheringgathering!!

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Today10k years ago200k yrs ago

Big Era 2

……and changes and changes have always beenhave always been—and still are——and still are—part of human part of human

history.history.

Let’s look for Let’s look for a minute at a minute at the changes the changes

that took that took place in Big place in Big

Era Two.Era Two.

Big Eras 3-9Big Era 1

Farming and Farming and complex complex

societies are the societies are the result of result of

CHANGECHANGE……

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200k yrs ago

Human Origins

Today10k years ago

Big Era 2

Big Eras 3-9Big Era 1

Homo erectus doing lunch

You will You will probably recall probably recall

that life that life 200,000 years 200,000 years

ago looked ago looked something like something like

this.this.

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10k years ago200k yrs ago

Human Origins

Today

Big Era 2

Big Eras 3-9Big Era 1

Homo sapiens at home

10,000 years ago at 10,000 years ago at the close of Big Era the close of Big Era

Two, life looked more Two, life looked more like this:like this:

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Homo erectus – 200,000 years ago

Homo sapiens – 10,000 years ago

Notice any Notice any changes?changes?

Would you say Would you say there were:there were:

(c) Lots of changes?(c) Lots of changes?

((b) Some changes?b) Some changes?

(a) No changes?(a) No changes?

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If you said If you said there were there were “(c) Lots of “(c) Lots of

changes,” you changes,” you were right.were right.

If, on the other If, on the other hand, you chose hand, you chose

“(a) No “(a) No changes” or changes” or

“(b) Some “(b) Some changes,” you changes,” you must have a must have a fever and are fever and are

delirious. (Hope delirious. (Hope you feel better you feel better

soon!).soon!).

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Hints

So, we will go So, we will go with with

“(c) Lots of “(c) Lots of changes”, right?changes”, right?

Before moving Before moving on, jot them on, jot them

down.down.

Americas

Boomerang

So, it’s antelope burgers

tonight, right?

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1,000 years ago Today

Big Eras 4-9

10,000 years ago

Big Era 3

Big Era 2

Changes that occurred by the end of Big Era 2Changes that occurred by the end of Big Era 2(Beginning of Big Era 3)(Beginning of Big Era 3)

1.1. Homo sapiensHomo sapiens appear. appear.2.2. Language develops.Language develops.3.3. Habitats expand.Habitats expand.4.4. Technology multiplies.Technology multiplies.5.5. Wall painting and Wall painting and

sculpture are createdsculpture are created..End of Big Era Two

(Beginning of Big Era 3)

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Keeping those changesKeeping those changes in mind, let’s lookin mind, let’s look

at life all the way at the at life all the way at the end of Big Era Three, that end of Big Era Three, that

is, about 1,000 BCE.is, about 1,000 BCE.

1,000 years ago10,000 years ago Today

Big Era 3

Big Eras 4-9Big Era 2

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1,000 years ago10,000 years ago Today

Big Era 3

Big Eras 4-9Big Era 2

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Quite a few,Quite a few,Huh?Huh?

Notice any Notice any Differences?Differences?

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Jot down some Jot down some notes on what notes on what

events you think events you think might have might have taken place taken place

between 10,000 between 10,000 and 1,000 BCE.and 1,000 BCE.

HERE?HERE toto

So, how did we So, how did we get from…get from…

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the the DOMESTICATIONDOMESTICATION of… of…

and plantsand plantsanimalsanimals

1,000 years ago Today

Big Eras 4-9

10,000 years ago

Big Era 3

Big Era 2

One of the major changes isOne of the major changes is

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Have you ‘herd’ Have you ‘herd’ about pastoralism?about pastoralism?

Domestication of plants and animals was a monumental change.

It resulted in the new way of It resulted in the new way of living we know as living we know as

FARMINGFARMING(AGRICULTURE)…(AGRICULTURE)…

1,000 years ago Today

Big Eras 4-9

10,000 years ago

Big Era 3

Big Era 2

……which included both which included both PASTORALISMPASTORALISM

(herding sheep, goats, cattle, (herding sheep, goats, cattle, horses, and camels),horses, and camels),

and…and…

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Crop-growingCrop-growing(cultivating domesticated (cultivating domesticated

plants),plants),

and…and…

1,000 years ago Today

Big Eras 4-9

10,000 years ago

Big Era 3

Big Era 2

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the development of…the development of…

FARMING FARMING COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIES

1,000 years ago Today

Big Eras 4-9

10,000 years ago

Big Era 3

Big Era 2

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MesoamericaMesoamerica

AndesAndes AmazoniaAmazonia

Eastern North AmericaEastern North America

New GuineaNew Guinea

ChinaChina

EthiopiaEthiopia

WestWestAfricaAfrica

Fertile CrescentFertile Crescent

Between about 12,000 and 1,000 BCE, farmingBetween about 12,000 and 1,000 BCE, farmingappeared INDEPENDENTLY in a number of places,appeared INDEPENDENTLY in a number of places,

possibly in all of the places marked in red on the map.possibly in all of the places marked in red on the map.

1,000 years ago Today

Big Eras 4-9

10,000 years ago

Big Era 3

Big Era 2

Nile valleyNile valley

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Prior to farming, Prior to farming, population size in any population size in any one area was limitedone area was limitedby the availability of wild by the availability of wild game, grain, berries, game, grain, berries, seeds, and nuts.seeds, and nuts.

Farming and the large, Farming and the large, relatively dependable relatively dependable crops it provides crops it provides allowed for…allowed for…

POPULATION POPULATION INTENSIFICATIONINTENSIFICATION

That means That means population population

increases in certain increases in certain areas. Population in areas. Population in those areas became those areas became

both larger and both larger and denser.denser.

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At the same time, At the same time, farmers in some farmers in some

places were, in spite places were, in spite of population growth,of population growth,

able to produceable to produce SURPLUS foodSURPLUS food..

What does What does SURPLUS SURPLUS

FOOD FOOD PRODUCTIONPRODUCTION

mean for a mean for a society?society?

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SURPLUS FOOD SURPLUS FOOD PRODUCTIONPRODUCTION……

……means that not means that not everyone has to grow everyone has to grow food or tend animals. food or tend animals. They can take on other They can take on other tasks. They can tasks. They can specialize in some non-specialize in some non-farming task. farming task.

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This is called…This is called…

Job Specialization.Job Specialization.Men and women may Men and women may

become:become:

• WeaversWeavers• Stone MasonsStone Masons• PottersPotters• PriestsPriests• Scribes Scribes • TradersTraders• Army officersArmy officers

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So, let’s have a So, let’s have a quick review of that quick review of that

last sequence of last sequence of events.events.

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Domestication of Plants and AnimalsDomestication of Plants and Animals

FarmingFarming

Surplus FoodSurplus Food SpecializationSpecializationPopulationPopulation

IntensificationIntensification

Complex Society,Complex Society,also known asalso known asCIVILIZATIONCIVILIZATION

1,000 years ago Today

Big Eras 4-9

10,000 years ago

Big Era 3

Big Era 2

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Hint, hint!Hint, hint!

You might want You might want to make a note to make a note of these as we of these as we

go along.go along.

Civilizations have a number Civilizations have a number of elements in common.of elements in common.

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CivilizationCivilization

Remember it.Remember it.Write it down.Write it down.

Did you catchDid you catchthat term?that term?

Can you Can you define define

it?it?

Answer: A civilization is a complex society. Answer: A civilization is a complex society.

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Elements of civilization include:Elements of civilization include:

Mohenjo Daro

Hammurabi’sLaw Code

It’s thelaw

Pharaohs

1)1) CitiesCities

2) Central governments 2) Central governments And Law codesAnd Law codes

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1)1) CitiesCities

2) Central governments 2) Central governments and law codesand law codes

Elements of Civilization include:Elements of Civilization include:

Can you identifyCan you identify the societythe societyrepresentedrepresented

by each of these two by each of these two writing samples?writing samples?

3) Writing and 3) Writing and record keepingrecord keeping

4) Highly organized religions4) Highly organized religions

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3) Writing and 3) Writing and record keepingrecord keeping

4) Highly organized 4) Highly organized religionreligion

5) Specialized Jobs5) Specialized Jobs

Full-time monk

Assyrian slavesIn Egypt

6) Social Classes6) Social Classes

1)1) CitiesCities

2) Central Governments 2) Central Governments and law codesand law codes

Elements of Civilization include:Elements of Civilization include:

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7) Complex 7) Complex TechnologiesTechnologies

Chariot5) Specialized jobs5) Specialized jobs

6) Social classes6) Social classes

Bronze Sword

3) Writing and 3) Writing and record keepingrecord keeping

4) Highly organized 4) Highly organized religionreligion

1)1) CitiesCities

2) Central governments 2) Central governments and law codesand law codes

Elements of Civilization include:Elements of Civilization include:

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So, have you So, have you been paying been paying

attentionattentionor doing a bit of or doing a bit of day dreaming?day dreaming?

Let’s Let’s check!check!

Can you list Can you list some of thesome of the

elements of a elements of a civilization?civilization?

Clue: Clue: There were There were

7!7!

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Good job, Good job, huh?huh?

Check your answers below:

Good job if your list includes:

1.1. CitiesCities 2.2. Central governments and law codesCentral governments and law codes3.3. Writing and record-keepingWriting and record-keeping4.4. Specialized jobsSpecialized jobs5.5. Social classesSocial classes6.6. Complex technologiesComplex technologies7.7. Highly organized religionsHighly organized religions

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3,000 years ago

By 3,000 BCE, societies in Southwest Asia and Egypt were developing elements of complex societies.

Are we Are we supposedsupposed

to be takingto be takingnotes on this?notes on this?

1,000 years ago Today

Big Eras 4-9

10,000 years ago

Big Era 3

Big Era 2

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By the end of Big By the end of Big Era Three, about Era Three, about 1000 BCE, there 1000 BCE, there

were several well-were several well-established established

civilizations in civilizations in Afroeurasia.Afroeurasia.

There were There were also two new also two new ones in the ones in the Americas. Americas.

At least two civilizations in At least two civilizations in Afroeurasia, the Minoan in the Afroeurasia, the Minoan in the Mediterranean region and the Mediterranean region and the

Harappan in the Indus River valley Harappan in the Indus River valley had already come and gone.had already come and gone.

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Now, looking back over Big Era Three,

let’s review the major changes.

1,000 years ago Today

Big Eras 4-9

10,000 years ago

Big Era 3

Big Era 2

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Domestication of Plants and AnimalsDomestication of Plants and Animals

FarmingFarming

Surplus FoodSurplus Food SpecializationSpecializationPopulationPopulation

IntensificationIntensification

Complex Society,Complex Society,also known asalso known asCIVILIZATIONCIVILIZATION

1,000 years ago Today

Big Eras 4-9

10,000 years ago

Big Era 3

Big Era 2

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That translates into:That translates into:

FarmersFarmersHerdersHerdersCitiesCities

Central governmentsCentral governmentsArmiesArmies

Monumental buildingsMonumental buildingsWritten languageWritten languageSocial hierarchiesSocial hierarchies

Complex belief systemsComplex belief systems

In 10,000 BCE none of these existed in the world. By 1,000 BCE they all did.In 10,000 BCE none of these existed in the world. By 1,000 BCE they all did.

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.

Not only has life changed Not only has life changed culturally and culturally and

technologically, but also technologically, but also the rate of change has the rate of change has

accelerated.accelerated.

10k years ago

Art

200k yrs ago

Language

Big Era 2

Big Era 1

Today

BigEras4-9

1k years ago

Dogs, sheep. goats, horses, wheat, rice, Dogs, sheep. goats, horses, wheat, rice, chiles, potatoes—all domesticatedchiles, potatoes—all domesticated

Plow farmingPlow farming

Law CodesLaw Codes

ChariotsChariots

Temple buildingTemple building

Sailing technologySailing technology

CopperCoppersmeltingsmelting

AlphabetAlphabet

WheelWheel

WritingWriting

IrrigationIrrigation

Regular trade routesRegular trade routes

CalendarsCalendars

PotteryPottery

Bow & arrowBow & arrow

PyramidsPyramids

Walled citiesWalled cities

Letters andLetters andenvelopesenvelopes

360-degree circle360-degree circle

BE3

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Make a few Make a few notes and notes and

discuss this discuss this question with question with your teacher your teacher and fellow and fellow students.students.

What factors What factors do you think do you think

might account might account for this for this

increasing rate increasing rate of change?of change?

You may have noticed You may have noticed that the difference that the difference

between the rate of between the rate of change in Big Era Two change in Big Era Two and in Big Era Three is and in Big Era Three is

enormous.enormous.


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