Civilization of the British Isles - 4

8/7/2019 Civilization of the British Isles - 4

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British Civilization

Lesson 4 / 6

A Survey of the British People

Introduction:

In a first chapter we will study the UK population and the population of each of the 4 nations

making up the UK.

Then, in a second chapter, we will consider the place of the minority ethnic groups in the UK

and tackle the religious issue.

1.The UK People: One People, 4 Nations?

A census of the population in Britain has been taken every 10 years since 1801 (with the

exception of 1941, when Britain was at war). The next census will be in 2011.

1. - 1 . 2001 Census

In 2001, the population of the United Kingdom was recorded at 58,789,194 people.

Great Britain is heavily populated compared with many other countries. It ranks 18th inthe world in terms of population size.

Britain is a relatively densely populated country. It is more than twice as densely

populated as France (105 people per sq.km), nine times as densely populated as the USA (27

people per sq.km) and 100 times as densely populated as Australia (2 people per sq.km).

The population is very unequally distributed over the four parts of the UK:

England more or less constantly makes up 84% of the total population, Wales around 5%,

Scotland roughly 8.5 %, and Northern Ireland (since 1921) less than 3%.

(Mid-2008 estimates)


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1. - 2. Latest estimates

The estimated resident population of the UK was 61.4 million in mid-2008, up by 408,000 on theprevious year.

In mid-2010 the UK population is expected to be 62.2 million.

1. - 3. Some details

UK Population: by gender and age, mid-2008


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The diagram above is a representation of the age and sex structure of the population, known

as a population pyramid. The structure of the pyramid is determined by births, deaths and

migration.

Children aged under 16 represented around one in five of the total population, around the

same proportion as people of retirement age.

In mid-2008 the average age of the population was 39 years, up from 37 in 1998.

Up to the age of around 70, the number of males and females are fairly equal. At the top of

the pyramid, from the age of 71 onwards, females outnumber males more. This is shown by

longer bars on the female side of the pyramid. This reflects the higher life expectancy of

women at older ages and higher male mortality during the Second World War.

Further down the pyramid, people of working age (aged 16 to 64 for males and 16 to 59 for

females) represent 62 per cent of the total mid-2008 population.

1. England

There is an unequal distribution of the English population by region -- as shown

in the chart below:

The South East, London, and the North West are the most populated regions. Together they

account for 45% of the population of England, with 21.9 million residents. The North East is

the less populated area with 2.5 million residents.


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There should be no surprise in seeing the structure of the population of England

espouse the UK population pyramid for nearly 9 Brit out of 19 (84%) lives in

England.

London is by far Englands(and the UKs) largest city, with a little over 7

million inhabitants.

There were 2,766,114 inhabitants in Inner London.

London is followed by Birmingham, in the midlands, and Leeds, in West

Yorkshire.


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>> The 45-and-over represents 42% of the population of Wales.

The principal cities are Cardiff (capital), with 292,150 inhabitants, followed

by Swansea and Newport.

Name Adm. CU C 2001-04-29

1 Cardiff CAR 292,150 (= 10% of the population of Wales)

2 Swansea SWA 169,880

3 Newport NEW 116,143
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3. Scotland

The population of Scotland was a little over 5 million in 2001 (5,062,011).

>> The population of Scotland exactly mirrors the structure of the UK population.

One fifth of the population of Scotland is over 60. The proportion of the young

(31%) is the same as in Wales and England.

The principal cities of Scotland are Glasgow (629,501 inhabitants), followed by

Edinburgh (capital), and Aberdeen.


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Name Adm. CU E 2006-06-30

1 Glasgow 629,501

2 Edinburgh 430,082

3 Aberdeen 184,788

4. Northern Ireland

The population of Northern Ireland was 1,685,267 inhabitants in 2001.

>> It is much younger than the UK average population. The base of the pyramid is

much broader than the UKs.
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36% of the population of Northern Ireland is under 25, and more spectacularly, one in

fifth Northern Irish is under 15.

The over-60 population represents only 18% of the population of Northern Ireland.

The principal agglomerations are Belfast and Londonderry.

UA C 2001-04-29

1 Belfast579,554

2 Londonderry 90,736

More than a third of the Northern Irish population lived in the agglomeration of the

capital, Belfast (34,38%). That number is halved if you consider the city of Belfast

only (277,459 inhabitants, i.e. 16.46%).

The city of Londonderry (83,699) represents only 5% of the Northern Irish population.

There are five cities in NI: Armagh, Belfast, Derry, Lisburn, and Newry. (Lisburn and

Newry were granted city status in 2002.)
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Population Size7.9% from a minority ethnic group

The UK population: by ethnic group, April 2001

The size of the minority ethnic population was 4.6 million in 2001 or 7.9 per cent of

the total population of the UK.

Indians were the largest minority group -- they represent nearly a quarter of all the

minority ethnic population (22.7%).

Then follow, in order, Pakistanis (16.1%), Black Caribbeans (12.2%), Black

Africans (10.5%), and Bangladeshis (6.1%).

Chinese account for 5.3% of the UK population.

More than half of the UK minority ethnic population were Asians (50.2% or, if

Chinese are included, 55.5%). They account for 4% of the total UK population.

The Blacks represent just under a quarter of the UK minority ethnic population

(24.8%). They account for 2% of the UK population.

Fifteen per cent of the minority ethnic population described their ethnic group as

Mixed.


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To make things simple, let us draw a pie chart showing the UK Minority Ethnic

Population in 2001:

Indians and Pakistanis account for 38.8% of the total UK minority population.

More than half of the UK Minority Population comes from Asia (See pie chart

below) and a quarter is Black British. That is, most of the UK ethnic population

comes from countries which formerly belonged or belong to the Commonwealthof Great-Britain.

Let us consider the different countries making up the UK.

2 1.1 Northern Ireland

The total population of Northern Ireland was 1,685,267.

White: 1,670,988 (99.15%)

Northern Ireland born: 91.0%

Other UK or Republic of Ireland born: 7.2%


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Irish Traveller: 1,710 (0.10%) * A traditionally nomadic people of Irish origin living

predominantly in Ireland, Great Britain, and the United States. Among themselves,

Travellers refer to themselves as Pavees.

Minority groups in Northern Ireland represent only 0.75% of the total population

of Northern Ireland (Cf. minority groups represent 7.9% of the UK population).

The Overseas Chinese account for one third of the minority groups.

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1.2 Wales

61,900 people in Wales belonged to a minority ethnic group, i.e. 2,12% of the

population of Wales (2,910,200 in 2001).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irelandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Britainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Britainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irelandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_people


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Asians (Pakistani, Indian, Bangladeshi, and Other) represent 42% of the minority groups

in Wales.

Chinese and Other Ethnic Group Total (?) account for a lump +/- 20% of the total

population of Wales.

Further reading>>

http://wales.gov.uk/docs/statistics/2010/100205sb42010en.pdf

2 1.3 Scotland

The population of Scotland was a little over five million in 2004 (5,062,01).

The proportion of ethnic minority groups is 2.01% (101,677)

See below
http://wales.gov.uk/docs/statistics/2010/100205sb42010en.pdfhttp://wales.gov.uk/docs/statistics/2010/100205sb42010en.pdfhttp://wales.gov.uk/docs/statistics/2010/100205sb42010en.pdfhttp://wales.gov.uk/docs/statistics/2010/100205sb42010en.pdfhttp://wales.gov.uk/docs/statistics/2010/100205sb42010en.pdfhttp://wales.gov.uk/docs/statistics/2010/100205sb42010en.pdfhttp://wales.gov.uk/docs/statistics/2010/100205sb42010en.pdf


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Table 1: Scottish

population by ethnic

group % of total

Population

% minority ethnic

populationBase

White Scottish 88.09 N/a 4,459,071

Other White

British

7.38 N/a 373,685

White Irish 0.98 N/a 49,428

Any other White

background

1.54 N/a 78,150

Indian 0.30 14.79 15,037

Pakistani 0.63 31.27 31,793

Bangladeshi 0.04 1.95 1,981

Chinese 0.32 16.04 16,310

Other South

Asian

0.12 6.09 6,196

Caribbean 0.04 1.75 1,778

African 0.10 5.03 5,118

Black Scottish or

any other Black

background

0.02 1.11 1,129

Any Mixed

Background

0.25 12.55 12,764

Any other

background

0.19 9.41 9,571

All minority ethnic

population

2.01 100

All population 100.00 N/a 5,062,011

As can be seen, Pakistanis were the largest minority ethnic group, followed by Chinese,Indians and those of Mixed ethnic backgrounds.

Only 39% of the total population of Scotland live in large urban areas but for Indians

(74%), Pakistanis (80%), Bangladeshi people (76%), Other South Asians (75%) and Africans

(74%) the proportions are much higher.

Glasgow has the highest percentage of minority ethnic people with 31% of the total

minority ethnic population living in the city. Edinburgh follows this with 18%. The lowest

concentrations are found in rural areas such as Angus (0.8%) and Orkney Isles (0.1%).


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2 1.4 England

In England people from minority ethnic groups (White excluded) made up 9 percent ofthe total population in 2001/02 compared with only 2 per cent in both Scotland and Wales.

There were nearly 4.5 million people from minority ethnic groups in England in 2001.

All people 49 138 831

White: British 42 747 136

White: Irish 624 115

White: Other White 1 308 110

Mixed: White and Black Caribbean 231 424

Mixed: White and Black African 76 498

Mixed: White and Asian 184 014

Mixed: Other Mixed 151 437

Asian or Asian British: Indian 1 028 546Asian or Asian British: Pakistani 706 539

Asian or Asian British: Bangladeshi 275 394

Asian or Asian British: Other Asian 237 810

Black or Black British: Caribbean 561 246

Black or Black British: African 475 938

Black or Black British: Other Black 95 324

Chinese or other ethnic group: Chinese 220 681

Chinese or other ethnic group: Other EthnicGroup 214 619

4 459 470

If the White: Irish and White: Other White were added, there would be 2 million more people

(roughly 6.5 million) from minority ethnic groups in England (6,391,695), i.e. 13% of the

population of England.

Let us study the distribution of ethnic minority groups in England.


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As you can see on the above chart, Asians represent 50% of all minority groups in

England, and nearly half of them come from India.

Blacks account for about a quarter of all minority groups (26%).

14% described themselves as Mixed.

The remaining 10% are Chinese or Chinese: Other ethnic group.

Lastly, nearly half (48 per cent) of the total minority ethnic population lived in the

London.

More>>(Comments)
http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/commentaries/ethnicity.asp#ethnichttp://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/commentaries/ethnicity.asp#ethnichttp://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/commentaries/ethnicity.asp#ethnichttp://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/commentaries/ethnicity.asp#ethnic


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2. - 2. Religion in the UK

Religion In The UKCensus shows 72% identify as Christians

The UK population: by religion, April 2001

In 2001 the Census collected information about religious identity.

Just over three-quarters of the UK population reported having a religion.

More than seven out of ten people said their religion was Christian (71.6 per cent). AfterChristianity, Islam was the most common faith with 2.7 per cent describing their religion as Muslim(1.6 million).

The next largest religious groups were Hindus (559 thousand), followed by Sikhs (336 thousand),Jews (267 thousand), Buddhists (152 thousand), and people from Other religions (179 thousand).

15.5% of the UK population stated they had no religion. This category included agnostics, atheists,and heathens.

Only 7.3% of people declined to answer the Census religion question, which was voluntary.

As for England, the English region with the highest proportion of Christians is the North East (over80.1 per cent). London has the highest proportion of Muslims (8.5 per cent), Hindus (4.1 per cent)Jews (2.1 per cent) Buddhists (0.8 per cent) and people of other religions (0.5 per cent).


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Civilization of the British Isles - 4

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