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CIVITAS ELAN Open CIVITAS ELAN Open AcademyAcademyLjubljanaLjubljana16 April 201016 April 2010
Eric N. SchrefflerEric N. Schreffler Tom Rye, PhDTom Rye, PhDTransport ConsultantTransport Consultant Napier Napier Edinburgh San Diego, California, USAEdinburgh San Diego, California, USAUniversityUniversity
Edinburgh, UKEdinburgh, UK
CIVITAS ELAN Open CIVITAS ELAN Open AcademyAcademyLjubljanaLjubljana16 April 201016 April 2010
Eric N. SchrefflerEric N. Schreffler Tom Rye, PhDTom Rye, PhDTransport ConsultantTransport Consultant Napier Napier Edinburgh San Diego, California, USAEdinburgh San Diego, California, USAUniversityUniversity
Edinburgh, UKEdinburgh, UK
BUS RAPID TRANSIT:
AROUND THE WORLD
OUTLINEOUTLINEOUTLINEOUTLINE
Extent of BRT in US and internationally
US examples
Non-US examples
Comparative findings
Costs compared to tram
Impact on development
Final thoughts
Where to get more information
Extent of BRT in US and internationally
US examples
Non-US examples
Comparative findings
Costs compared to tram
Impact on development
Final thoughts
Where to get more information
Ljubljana Workshop
Ljubljana Workshop
Conversions used in this presentationConversions used in this presentationConversions used in this presentationConversions used in this presentation
1 pound (lb) = 0.45kg
1 US gallon = 3.6 litres
1 mile = 1.6km
$1 = 0.74 Euro
Also: LRT = Tram
1 pound (lb) = 0.45kg
1 US gallon = 3.6 litres
1 mile = 1.6km
$1 = 0.74 Euro
Also: LRT = Tram
Australia
China
Europe
Canada
South America
BRT World WideBRT World WideBRT World WideBRT World Wide
Ljubljana Workshop
= operating= planned
Overview of BRT Implementation in the U.S. Overview of BRT Implementation in the U.S. Overview of BRT Implementation in the U.S. Overview of BRT Implementation in the U.S.
Ljubljana Workshop
San Diego, CaliforniaSan Diego, CaliforniaSan Diego, CaliforniaSan Diego, California BRT is part of
managed lanes Four lanes for
bus, carpool, vanpool and tolled solo cars
Five BRT centers in corridor
Cut travel time in half
Cost $355M 25,000 riders per
day New CNG buses
BRT is part of managed lanes
Four lanes for bus, carpool, vanpool and tolled solo cars
Five BRT centers in corridor
Cut travel time in half
Cost $355M 25,000 riders per
day New CNG buses
Ljubljana Workshop
Los AngelesLos AngelesLos AngelesLos Angeles
Signal priority and low floor vehicles aided in:
• 28 to 33% decrease in travel time
• 30% increase in ridership, 14% net new
• No appreciable impact on cross–street traffic
• 22,000 riders per day
Signal priority and low floor vehicles aided in:
• 28 to 33% decrease in travel time
• 30% increase in ridership, 14% net new
• No appreciable impact on cross–street traffic
• 22,000 riders per day
Ljubljana Workshop
Curitiba, BrazilCuritiba, BrazilCuritiba, BrazilCuritiba, Brazil
Ljubljana Workshop
Ljubljana Workshop
Arterial median busway
BogotBogotáá, Colombia, ColombiaBogotBogotáá, Colombia, Colombia
Ljubljana Workshop
Ljubljana Workshop
Brisbane, AustraliaBrisbane, AustraliaBrisbane, AustraliaBrisbane, Australia
Network of three exclusive busways
Ljubljana Workshop
In Leeds/Bradford In Leeds/Bradford In Leeds/Bradford In Leeds/Bradford
These BRTs have bus lanes, signal priority,
and guided busways
These BRTs have bus lanes, signal priority,
and guided busways
Ljubljana Workshop
Rouen, FranceRouen, France
Ljubljana Workshop
Well-Lit, Open, Quiet InteriorWell-Lit, Open, Quiet Interior Well-Lit, Open, Quiet InteriorWell-Lit, Open, Quiet Interior
Ljubljana Workshop
ISTANBULISTANBULISTANBULISTANBUL
Metrobüs
865,000 riders per day
Ljubljana Workshop
Some General Findings –Some General Findings –Trends in Implementing Trends in Implementing BRT ElementsBRT Elements
Some General Findings –Some General Findings –Trends in Implementing Trends in Implementing BRT ElementsBRT Elements
Mixed Flow Lane BRT systems are more common in North America
Focus on implementing distinctive, “rail-like” vehicles is strongest in Europe and North America
Precision-docking and guidance systems are more evident among European systems
Mixed Flow Lane BRT systems are more common in North America
Focus on implementing distinctive, “rail-like” vehicles is strongest in Europe and North America
Precision-docking and guidance systems are more evident among European systems
Ljubljana Workshop
Some General Findings – Some General Findings – Trends in Implementing Trends in Implementing BRT ElementsBRT Elements
Some General Findings – Some General Findings – Trends in Implementing Trends in Implementing BRT ElementsBRT Elements
ITS applications impact more than BRT
North American and European systems tend to focus on single line operations in a corridor or several corridors;
Latin American and Australian applications incorporate network operations and system wide integration
ITS applications impact more than BRT
North American and European systems tend to focus on single line operations in a corridor or several corridors;
Latin American and Australian applications incorporate network operations and system wide integration
Curitiba Tube Station
Curitiba Integrated Station
Ljubljana Workshop
Range and Cost of BRT applicationsRange and Cost of BRT applications- - Running way type is a core issueRunning way type is a core issueRange and Cost of BRT applicationsRange and Cost of BRT applications- - Running way type is a core issueRunning way type is a core issue
Mixed Traffic: $1M per mile
Bus lanes: $5M per mile
Busways: $25M per mile
Ljubljana Workshop
Rail-Like Vehicles $5-30 mRail-Like Vehicles $5-30 mRail-Like Vehicles $5-30 mRail-Like Vehicles $5-30 m
Ljubljana Workshop
BRT Compared to Rail Transit BRT Compared to Rail Transit VolumesVolumesBRT Compared to Rail Transit BRT Compared to Rail Transit VolumesVolumes
System LinePeak Direction Peak Hour
Volume
BRT Pittsburgh MLK 5,400
Ottawa 10,000
Seattle Downtown Bus Tunnel 4,200
Brisbane 9,500
Bogota 35,000
Rail Transit Calgary LRT 10,000
Toronto King Street Streetcar 4,500
Boston Green Line, Park St. Tunnel 10,000*
Washington Blue/Orange Line Metrorail Tunnel 17,500*
* Highest in U.S. outside NYC
Ljubljana Workshop
Cost Effective ModeCost Effective Mode
• VehiclesVehicles• can be off-the-shelfcan be off-the-shelf
• No track or overhead wiresNo track or overhead wires• “ “Travel Ways”Travel Ways”
• construction and maintenanceconstruction and maintenance• incrementally built (phases, flexible)incrementally built (phases, flexible)• existing roadway network (mixed traffic)existing roadway network (mixed traffic)
• Uses existing vehicle storage facilitiesUses existing vehicle storage facilities• Uses existing and simple signal systemsUses existing and simple signal systems• Workforce compositionWorkforce composition
• using existing vs. acquiring new staffusing existing vs. acquiring new staff• wage differential for BRT vs. LRTwage differential for BRT vs. LRT
Ljubljana Workshop
BRT and DevelopmentBRT and DevelopmentBRT and DevelopmentBRT and Development
Evidence is limited
Curitiba developed along BRT spine
Property values and rents increased in Beijing adjacent to Southern Axis BRT (2.3% annually)
New development has occurred around stations in Boston, Pittsburgh and Ottawa
Evidence is limited
Curitiba developed along BRT spine
Property values and rents increased in Beijing adjacent to Southern Axis BRT (2.3% annually)
New development has occurred around stations in Boston, Pittsburgh and Ottawa
Ljubljana Workshop
BRT Land Development BenefitsBRT Land Development BenefitsBRT Land Development BenefitsBRT Land Development BenefitsCity Benefits
Pittsburgh $300M in development around stations after 13 years
Ottawa $700M in development around stations 13 years after opening of first segment
Boston $650M in development occurred along the Washington Street corridor
Cleveland $4.3 Billion in development occurring along the Euclid Corridor
Brisbane + 20% gain in residential values near stations after one year, initiation of several joint development projectsLjubljana Workshop
It’s no single trait, but the combination of traits that make BRT systems successful!It’s no single trait, but the combination of traits that make BRT systems successful!
Ljubljana Workshop
Creating a Positive Customer ExperienceCreating a Positive Customer ExperienceCreating a Positive Customer ExperienceCreating a Positive Customer Experience
Live Info
Stations
Maps
Boarding Right of Way Relationship to Traffic
Payment
Ljubljana Workshop
WWW.NBRTI.ORGWWW.NBRTI.ORGWWW.NBRTI.ORGWWW.NBRTI.ORG
MORE INFORMATION
NATIONAL BUS RAPID TRANSIT INSTITUTE
CENTER FOR URBAN TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA
MORE INFORMATION
NATIONAL BUS RAPID TRANSIT INSTITUTE
CENTER FOR URBAN TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA
Ljubljana Workshop
LUND, SwedenLUND, Sweden
Sustainable Urban Transport PlanSustainable Urban Transport Plan
LUND, SwedenLUND, Sweden
Sustainable Urban Transport PlanSustainable Urban Transport Plan
• University town in SW Sweden
• 105,000 in urban area
• 25,000 commute into Lund
• 35,000 change at rail station
• 1969: decided against new arterial
• 1971: closed center to traffic
• Priority given to bike and walk
• University town in SW Sweden
• 105,000 in urban area
• 25,000 commute into Lund
• 35,000 change at rail station
• 1969: decided against new arterial
• 1971: closed center to traffic
• Priority given to bike and walkSource: Trivector Traffic AB and City of Lund
Ljubljana Workshop
LUND, SwedenLUND, SwedenLUND, SwedenLUND, Sweden
Sustainable Urban Transport Plan (LundaMaTs)
Lund Environmentally-friendly Transport
1.Introduction of sustainable planning
2.Recognition of bicycle city
3.Extended public transportation integrated with land use
4.Environmentally-friendly car traffic
5.Employer trip reduction
Adopted in 1997
Sustainable Urban Transport Plan (LundaMaTs)
Lund Environmentally-friendly Transport
1.Introduction of sustainable planning
2.Recognition of bicycle city
3.Extended public transportation integrated with land use
4.Environmentally-friendly car traffic
5.Employer trip reduction
Adopted in 1997
Source: Trivector Traffic AB
Ljubljana Workshop
LUND, SwedenLUND, SwedenLUND, SwedenLUND, SwedenImplementation of LUNDAMATS
• Governmental co-funding of 4 projects
• Bicycle city
• Walk and bike to school
• The Lund Link – BRT system
• Mobility Centre
• More than $42 million over 6 years
(35% from governmental funds)
• Goal to maintain 1995 traffic levels in 2005
• Phase I 1998-2004; Phase II initiated
Implementation of LUNDAMATS
• Governmental co-funding of 4 projects
• Bicycle city
• Walk and bike to school
• The Lund Link – BRT system
• Mobility Centre
• More than $42 million over 6 years
(35% from governmental funds)
• Goal to maintain 1995 traffic levels in 2005
• Phase I 1998-2004; Phase II initiated
Source: Trivector Traffic AB
Ljubljana Workshop
LUND, SwedenLUND, SwedenLUND, SwedenLUND, SwedenImpact of LUNDAMATS:
Comparing 1995 and 2005 per capita travel
Impact of LUNDAMATS:
Comparing 1995 and 2005 per capita travel
Ljubljana Workshop
LUND, SwedenLUND, SwedenLUND, SwedenLUND, Sweden
LUNDAMATS: The Keys to Success
• Educate residents about sustainable travel
• Involve politicians early in the process
• Carefully and thoroughly evaluate both process and impacts
LUNDAMATS: The Keys to Success
• Educate residents about sustainable travel
• Involve politicians early in the process
• Carefully and thoroughly evaluate both process and impacts
Sources: Peter Jönsson and City of Lund
Ljubljana Workshop