CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics
P Sunthar
Department of Chemical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology, Bombay
Mumbai 400076, [email protected]
03 Jan 2011
Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics CL 254 Course
Outline of the Lecture
1 Chemical Engineering
2 Fluid Mechanics
3 CL 254 Course
P Sunthar (IIT Bombay) CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics CL 254 2 / 22
Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics CL 254 Course Nature Chemical Process Unit Operations
Outline of this Section
1 Chemical EngineeringNatureChemical ProcessUnit Operations
2 Fluid Mechanics
3 CL 254 Course
P Sunthar (IIT Bombay) CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics CL 254 3 / 22
Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics CL 254 Course Nature Chemical Process Unit Operations
Product vs Service
Sensory appealDefining products of a disciplinePersonal attachment
P Sunthar (IIT Bombay) CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics CL 254 4 / 22
Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics CL 254 Course Nature Chemical Process Unit Operations
Chemical Industry is Service Oriented
Service orientedProvides raw materials in bulkIntellectually challenging
Complex systemSeveral non-linear interactingsystems
P Sunthar (IIT Bombay) CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics CL 254 5 / 22
Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics CL 254 Course Nature Chemical Process Unit Operations
Major Chemicals
Sulphuric Acid (140 plants, 12 Million tonnes/Annum)Ammonia, Urea (20 Million tpa), Nitric AcidSodium HydroxidePetroleum Products: Fuels, Ethylene, GreasesPharmaceuticals
P Sunthar (IIT Bombay) CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics CL 254 6 / 22
Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics CL 254 Course Nature Chemical Process Unit Operations
The Chemical Process
Production of Bulk materials from raw materialsFeed Preparation (Purification, Heating, Compression)Transformation (Reaction)Separation
End ProductsBy-productsUnreacted reagents
The GoalEnergy EfficientEconomicalEnvironmental effects Minimised (Wasteless)
P Sunthar (IIT Bombay) CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics CL 254 7 / 22
Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics CL 254 Course Nature Chemical Process Unit Operations
The Challenge
Food security: Food production through non-biologicalroutes?
From Minerals to food products
Energy security: Non-petroleum sources of energy.Pollution of biosphere.
P Sunthar (IIT Bombay) CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics CL 254 8 / 22
Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics CL 254 Course Nature Chemical Process Unit Operations
Sulphuric Acid Process
P Sunthar (IIT Bombay) CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics CL 254 9 / 22
Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics CL 254 Course Nature Chemical Process Unit Operations
Unit Operations
Momentum Transfer (Fluid Mechanics)Mass Transfer (Purification, Separation)Heat Transfer (State Changes)Chemical Reaction
P Sunthar (IIT Bombay) CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics CL 254 10 / 22
Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics CL 254 Course Nature Chemical Process Unit Operations
Feed Preparation Operations
Ion ExchangeColumnDeareator (Spray,Bubble Column)Heat ExchangerCompressor
http://www.lhwinc.com/http://thermgard.com.au
P Sunthar (IIT Bombay) CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics CL 254 11 / 22
Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics CL 254 Course Nature Chemical Process Unit Operations
Feed Preparation Operations
Ion ExchangeColumnDeareator (Spray,Bubble Column)Heat ExchangerCompressor
http://www.lhwinc.com/
http://thermgard.com.au
P Sunthar (IIT Bombay) CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics CL 254 11 / 22
Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics CL 254 Course Nature Chemical Process Unit Operations
Feed Preparation Operations
Ion ExchangeColumnDeareator (Spray,Bubble Column)Heat ExchangerCompressor
http://www.lhwinc.com/http://thermgard.com.au
P Sunthar (IIT Bombay) CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics CL 254 11 / 22
Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics CL 254 Course Nature Chemical Process Unit Operations
Feed Preparation Operations
Ion ExchangeColumnDeareator (Spray,Bubble Column)Heat ExchangerCompressor
http://www.lhwinc.com/http://thermgard.com.au
P Sunthar (IIT Bombay) CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics CL 254 11 / 22
Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics CL 254 Course Nature Chemical Process Unit Operations
Reaction Operations
Stirred TankTubular ReactorFixed (Packed) BedReactorFluidised BedReactor
P Sunthar (IIT Bombay) CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics CL 254 12 / 22
Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics CL 254 Course Nature Chemical Process Unit Operations
Reaction Operations
Stirred TankTubular ReactorFixed (Packed) BedReactorFluidised BedReactor
P Sunthar (IIT Bombay) CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics CL 254 12 / 22
Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics CL 254 Course Nature Chemical Process Unit Operations
Reaction Operations
Stirred TankTubular ReactorFixed (Packed) BedReactorFluidised BedReactor
P Sunthar (IIT Bombay) CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics CL 254 12 / 22
Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics CL 254 Course Nature Chemical Process Unit Operations
Reaction Operations
Stirred TankTubular ReactorFixed (Packed) BedReactorFluidised BedReactor
P Sunthar (IIT Bombay) CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics CL 254 12 / 22
Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics CL 254 Course Nature Chemical Process Unit Operations
Separation Operations
DistillationFiltrationCycloneExtraction
P Sunthar (IIT Bombay) CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics CL 254 13 / 22
Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics CL 254 Course Nature Chemical Process Unit Operations
Separation Operations
DistillationFiltrationCycloneExtraction
P Sunthar (IIT Bombay) CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics CL 254 13 / 22
Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics CL 254 Course Nature Chemical Process Unit Operations
Separation Operations
DistillationFiltrationCycloneExtraction
P Sunthar (IIT Bombay) CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics CL 254 13 / 22
Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics CL 254 Course Nature Chemical Process Unit Operations
Separation Operations
DistillationFiltrationCycloneExtraction
P Sunthar (IIT Bombay) CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics CL 254 13 / 22
Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics CL 254 Course Mechanics Energetics
Outline of this Section
1 Chemical Engineering
2 Fluid MechanicsMechanicsEnergetics
3 CL 254 Course
P Sunthar (IIT Bombay) CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics CL 254 14 / 22
Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics CL 254 Course Mechanics Energetics
Mechanics of Fluids
Velocities (Kinematics)Forces (Dynamics)Energy
P Sunthar (IIT Bombay) CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics CL 254 15 / 22
Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics CL 254 Course Mechanics Energetics
Discrete and Continuous
Discrete particle MechanicsMechanics of continuous medium
Solid MechanicsFluid Mechanics
New Terms in Fluid MechanicsDensityViscosityElasticityNon-linear behaviour (Oils, Honey)Time dependent behaviour (Tooth-Pastes)
P Sunthar (IIT Bombay) CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics CL 254 16 / 22
Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics CL 254 Course Mechanics Energetics
Fluid Mechanics and Plant Design
Forces (pressures) by fluid on EquipmentMechanical design of EquipmentProcessing rates (volumetric flow rates)
Energy for transport fluids or mixingPower consumptionEfficiency of operation
P Sunthar (IIT Bombay) CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics CL 254 17 / 22
Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics CL 254 Course Mechanics Energetics
Challenges in Fluid Mechanics
Simple Equations but difficult solutionDifficulty posed by Geometry of EquipmentSpatial Variation of propertiesUnknown behaviour of properties (turbulence,Non-Newtonian)
Simplification by Mathematical modelsSimple physical modelsRequires good physical insight
P Sunthar (IIT Bombay) CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics CL 254 18 / 22
Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics CL 254 Course Lectures Assessment Attendance
Outline of this Section
1 Chemical Engineering
2 Fluid Mechanics
3 CL 254 CourseLecturesAssessmentAttendance
P Sunthar (IIT Bombay) CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics CL 254 19 / 22
Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics CL 254 Course Lectures Assessment Attendance
Lectures: Fundamentals to Plant Design
About 10 industrial operationsChosen from Sulphuric Acid, Methanol, and Urea PlantsPipe flows and PumpingCompressorsReactorsSeparation Equipments
Connection with fundamentalsSimplificationsExactly solvable problemsApproximate solutions to full problems
P Sunthar (IIT Bombay) CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics CL 254 20 / 22
Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics CL 254 Course Lectures Assessment Attendance
Assessment
AssignmentsOnlineProblems with answers for practice5% of total marks
Quizzes10 short (15 min) quizzes20% of total
Mid-sem: 25%End-sem: 50%
P Sunthar (IIT Bombay) CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics CL 254 21 / 22
Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics CL 254 Course Lectures Assessment Attendance
Attendance
No XX GradeAttendance will be recorded everyday: by YouPass sheet in a Zig-Zag manner; be truthful.If you miss, meet me after class
Room 222, First Floor. Ph: 7229
P Sunthar (IIT Bombay) CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics CL 254 22 / 22