C++Lang chap4

8/11/2019 C++Lang chap4

1/34

CHAPTER 4

Control Statements in C++

4.1 CONDITIONAL STATEMENTSMany times in real-life applications, you will usually need to change the sequence of execution

according to specified conditions. Sometimes you need to use a simple condition like:

"If it is cold then put your coat on."

In this statement the resultant action is taken if the condition is evaluated true(the weather is

cold). The conditions could be multiple, as in the following conversation:

"Ok then, if I come back early from work, Ill see you tonight;else if it is too late Ill make it tomorrow; else if my brotherarrives tomorrow we can get together on tuesday; else if tuesdayis a holiday then let it be wednesday; else Ill call you to

arrange for the next meeting!"C++ programming can easily handle such chained or nested conditions as long as you write the

adequate code. In C++ there are many control structures that are used to handle conditions and the

resultant decisions. You have already seen how to express conditions using the conditional opera-

tor (?). In this chapter you are introduced to more powerful tools: the if..else,while..doand for

constructs.

4.1.1 General form of the if else statement

Theifstatement tests a particular condition. Whenever that condition evaluates astrue, an action

or a set of actions is executed. Otherwise, the action(s) are ignored. The syntactic form of the if

statement is the following:

if (expression)statement;

Theexpressionmust be enclosed within parentheses. If it evaluates to a nonzero value, the

condition is considered as true and thestatementis executed.

Theifstatement also allows answer for the kind ofeither orcondition by using anelseclause.

Then the syntactic form of the if else statement is the following:

bpbonline all rights reserved

8/11/2019 C++Lang chap4

2/34

62 Programming in C++ Part I

if (expression)statement-1;

elsestatement-2;

If the expression evaluates to a nonzero value, the condition is considered to be true and

statement-1 is executed; otherwise, statement-2 is executed. Note that statement-1 is terminated by

asemicolon.

The syntax mirrors the syntax we use in everyday language. For example, the sentence, "ifthe light is red, stop, otherwise, go" would be written in C++ as:

if (light == red)

stop;else

go;

In the program shown as Figure 4.1 a credit card limit is tested for a certain purchase. The

value of the variable "amount" is received from the keyboard, then tested using the if statement. If

the condition istrue(i.e. the "amount" is less than or equal to 1000), the message "your charge is

accepted" is displayed. If the condition isfalse, the program ends with a message that the amount

exceeds the credit limit.

/* Credit card program */#include main(){

int amount;cout > amount;if (amount

8/11/2019 C++Lang chap4

3/34

Part I Control Statements in C++ 63

Solution

The program is shown in Figure 4.2.

#include #include /* Include file for sqrt () */main (){double num;cout num ;if (num

8/11/2019 C++Lang chap4

4/34


{ cout

8/11/2019 C++Lang chap4

5/34


#include main (){double x,y;cout x >> y;if (x > y)cout

8/11/2019 C++Lang chap4

6/34


Ex a m p le 4

Correct the program shown in Figure 4.7.

#include main ()double num1,num2,num3;double sum,product;cout num1 >> num2 >> num3;if (num1 < 0)

{product = num1 * num2 * num3; cout

8/11/2019 C++Lang chap4

7/34


You can include the two results of the condition (TRUE and FALSE) in one construct by using

the complete if-else structure, which takes the form:

if (condition)statement1;

elsestatement2;

In this form, the body of the condition structure is separated from the rest of the program.

When the condition is evaluated, one of the two result statements will be executed, then the pro-

gram would resume its original flow.

Using blocks makes it possible to use many statements as results for either the TRUE or

FALSE conditions. Example 5 will make the point more clear.

Ex a m p le 5

The credit card program shown in Figure 4.3 is rewritten using the compound statements. The

same is shown in Figure 4.9.

/* Credit card program with compound statements */#include main(){float amount;coutamount;

if (amount

8/11/2019 C++Lang chap4

8/34


4.1.3 The if else if ladder

The conditions and their associated statements can be arranged in a construct that takes the form:

if (condition1)statement1;

else if (condition2)statement2;

else if (condition3)statement3;

...else

statementn;The different conditions are evaluated from the top down, and whenever a condition is evalu-

ated astrue, the corresponding statement(s) are executed and the rest of the construct is skipped.

This construct is referred to as the if-else-if ladder. This is explained in Example 6.

Ex a m p le 6

Suppose that you want to test the ASCII code of a received character to check if it is an alphabetic

character. If it is so, you would like to check if it is lower case or upper case. Knowing that the

ASCII codes for the upper case letters are in the range 65-90, and those for lower case letters are in

the range 97-122. Program shown in Figure 4.10 establishes the logic:

/* Program to demonstrate if-else-if ladder */#include #include main(){

char a;cout a;if (a > 64 && a < 91) cout 96 && a < 123) cout

8/11/2019 C++Lang chap4

9/34


charbut not of type double. Thus, instead of using the if-else-if ladder, the switch structure is

ready to handle multiple choices, such as menu options. The general form of the switch structure

is:

Switch(variable){

case constant1;statement(s):break;

case constant2:statement(s);break;

case constant3:statement(s);break;

---default:

statement(s);}

The switch structure starts with the keywordswitchfollowed by one block which contains the

different cases. Each case handles the statements corresponding to an option (a satisfied condition)

and ends with the break statement which transfers the control out of the switch structure to the

original program. The variable within the parentheses following the switch keyword is used to test

the conditions and is referred to as thecontrol variable. If it is evaluated as "constant1," the "case

constant1:" is executed. If evaluated as

"constant2," the "case constant2:" is executed, and so forth. If the value of the variable does not

correspond to any case, the default case is executed. The control variable of the switch could be of

the type int, long, or char. Other types are not allowed. Example 7 demonstrates the use of the

switch statement.

Ex a m p le 7

The menu option in Figure 4.11 uses the switch statement.

/* Program Demonstrating switch construct */#include

#include main(){

char choice;char *a,*b,*c,*d,*e,*f,*g,*h;a=" MAIN MENU";

(Contd...)


8/11/2019 C++Lang chap4

10/34


b="-------------------------------------";c="1- WordPerfect.";d="2- Lotus 1-2-3.";e="3- dBASE IV.";f="4- AutoCAD.";g="5- Exit to DOS.";h="Press the required number:";cout

8/11/2019 C++Lang chap4

11/34


Figure 4.12

Menu selection

using switch

construct

MAIN MENU

-------------------------------------

1- WordPerfect.

2- Lotus 1-2-3.

3- dBASE IV.

4- AutoCAD.

5- Exit to DOS.

Press the required number:

4

AutoCAD is chosen.

This is the end of the SWITCH.

Back to the program.

Figure 4.13

Selecting

wrong choice

in menu

The switch construct can be nested, if needed, using the block separators ({ }). In this case, you

can include another switch inside any case.The function exit is used to terminate the program execution. It takes the form :

exit(status);

For normal termination, the argument value can be zero (0). In case of errors any other number

may be used.

MAIN MENU

-------------------------------------

1- WordPerfect.

2- Lotus 1-2-3.

3- dBASE IV.

4- AutoCAD.

5- Exit to DOS.

Press the required number:

6

Sorry, wrong key.

This is the end of the SWITCH.

Back to the program.


8/11/2019 C++Lang chap4

12/34


4.2.1 Comparison of nested ifstatements and the switchstatement

Ex a m p le 8

Give the output of the segment of the program containing switch statement and shown as Figure

4.14.

You can use a nested if statement, which is more general than the switchstatement, to imple-

ment any multiple-alternative decision. The switch as described above is more readable in many

programs and should be used wheneverpractical.

#includemain()

{ char next_ch;cin >> next_ch;

/* Start of the switch block */switch(next_ch){case A:case a:cout

8/11/2019 C++Lang chap4

13/34


4.3 THE CONDITIONAL OPERATOR ? AS ALTERNATIVE TO IF

The conditional operator?consists of two operators used on three different expressions, and thus

it has the distinction of being the only ternary operator in C++. The ternary operators work on

three variables, as opposed to the more commonly used binary operators, such as plus (+), which

operate on two expressions, and the unary operators, such as (!) which operate on one. The condi-

tional operator has the syntax:

condition ? expression1 : expression2;

The conditional operator consists of both the question mark and the colon.Conditionis a log-

ical expression that evaluates to eithertrueorfalse, whileexpression1andexpression2are either

values or expressions that evaluate to values.

First the condition is evaluated. If it is true the entire conditional expression takes on the value

of expression1. If it is false, the conditional expression takes on the value of expression2. Note that

the entire conditional expression the three expressions and two operators takes on a value and

can therefore be used in an assignment statement.

Ex a m p le 9

Explain the following conditional statement:

max = (num1 > num2) ? num1 : num2;

Solution

The purpose of this statement is to assign to the variable max the value either num1 or num2,

whichever is larger. First the condition (num1 > num2) is evaluated. If it is true, the entire condi-tional expression takes on the value of num1; this value is then assigned to max.

If (num1 > num2) is false, the conditional expression takes on the value of num2, and this

value is assigned to max. This expression is shown in Figure 4.15.

Figure 4.15

The condi-

tional operator

This expression is equivalent to the if-else statement:

max = num1: num2;?( num1 > num2 )

if true

if falsequestion

markoperator

colonoperator

One or the other

expression isassigned to max

Expression takes

on value of num 1

on value of num 2

Expression takes


8/11/2019 C++Lang chap4

14/34


if (num1 < num2)max = num2;

elsemax = num1;

You will notice that the conditional statement is more compact than the if-else since the entire

statement takes on a value. The two separate statements are not needed. The conditional operator

can be used more elegantly as given in Example 10.

Exa m pl e 10

Explain the following conditional statement:

abs = (num < 0) ? -num : num;Solution

The statement evaluates to the absolute value of num, which is simply num if num is greater than

zero, but num if num is less than zero. Thus it always gives the absolute value of num.

4.4 SIMPLE CONTROL STATEMENTS

Control statements define the way or flow in which the execution of a program should take place

to achieve the required result. Control statements also implement decisions and repetitions in pro-

grams.

Four types of control structures are supported by C++. They are:

(a) Unconditional control (goto)

(b) Bi-directional control (if..else)

(c) Multidirectional conditional control (switch)

(d) Loop control

(i) do..while

(ii) while

(iii) for..

The bi-directional control (if..else) structure and switchstructure are explained in Sections

3.1.1 and 3.2 respectively. The other control structures are explained in the following sections.

4.4.1 Unconditional Control (goto)

In some situations, the flow of control may be transferred to another part of the program without

testing for any condition. In such cases,gotois used.gotoshould be followed by a label name andthe C++ program should have only one statement having that label qualifier in the block, in which

gotois used.

The syntax for goto is:

label: statement;

The label is a valid C++ identifier followed by a colon. You can precede any statement by a

label in the form:

label: statement;


8/11/2019 C++Lang chap4

15/34


You can, for example, make a loop in the Example 6 to repeat the program execution infi-

nitely. This is done by adding a goto statement and a label, as in Example 11. In this example we

use the label "START" at the very beginning. The last statement in the program is:

goto START;

Exa m pl e 11

Program in Figure 4.16 demonstrates if-else-if ladder,

/* Program to demonstrate if-else-if ladder */#include #include main(){

char a;START: cout a;if (a == 0) exit(0);else if (a > 64 && a < 91) cout 96 && a < 123) cout

8/11/2019 C++Lang chap4

16/34


Figure 4.17

Concept of

looping

In step 5 of Figure 4.17, the current value of A is compared with 21. If the current value of A is

less than 21, steps 3 and 4 are repeated. As soon as the current value of A is not less than 21, the

path corresponding to "NO" is followed and the repetition process stops.Te rm s Use d in Loo p ing

Initialization It is the preparation required before entering a loop. In Figure 4.17, step 2 initializesthe value of A as 1.

Incrementation. It is the numerical value added to the variable each time one goes round theloop. Step 4 in Figure 4.17 shows the increment of A by 1.

The Loop Variable. It is an active variable in a loop. In Figure 4.17, A is the active variable.

Loop Exit Test. There must be some method of leaving the loop after it has circled the requisitenumber of times. In Figure 4.17, step 5 is the decision diamond, where the value of A is comparedwith 21. As soon as the condition is satisfied, control comes out of the loop and the process stops.

Exa m pl e 12

Draw a flowchart for calculating the salary of 100 workers in a factory.

Solution

Figure 4.18 represents the flowchart. In this figure, step 2 is for initialization of the value of

COUNT where COUNT is an active variable. Step 7 is the incrementation. Step 3 is for the EXIT

test. Steps 4 to 6 are the repetitive steps in the loop to input the NAME, WAGE and HOURS, and

A < 21

YES

?

IS NO

BEGIN

(A + 1)A

END

A = 1

PRINT A

STEP 1

STEP 2

STEP 3

STEP 4

STEP 5


8/11/2019 C++Lang chap4

17/34


Figure 4.18

Flowchart for

calculating sal-

ary of 100

workers

then calculate the value of PAY in step 5 and print the name and pay in step 6. In step 7, the value

of COUNT is increased by 1 and the current value of COUNT is compared with 100 in step 3. If it

is more than 100, the process is halted.

Exa m pl e 13

How many times the value of K will be read in the flowcharts shown in Figures 3.19 and 3.20?

Solution

The value of K will be read 15 times in both cases.

3.5.2 Counting

Counting is an essential technique used in the problem solving process. It is mainly for repeating a

procedure for a certain number of times or to count the occurrences of specific events or to gener-

ate a sequence of numbers for computational use. Since a computer cannot count by itself, the user

has to include the necessary instruction in the program to do so.

COUNT > 100

?

IS

BEGIN

WAGE x HOURSPAY

COUNT = 1

STEP 1

STEP 2

END

HOURSNAME, WAGE,

INPUT

PRINT NAME, PAY

COUNT + 1COUNT

STEP 3

STEP 4

STEP 5

STEP 6

STEP 7

NO

YES


8/11/2019 C++Lang chap4

18/34


Figure 4.19 Figure 4.20

Flowchart Flowchart

for counting for counting

records records

The counting process is illustrated in the flowchart shown in Figure 4.21. Here I is a counter

which is initialized to a value zero in step 2. In step 3, a NAME is read and stored in the memory

of the computer. The value of the counter is incremented by 1 in step 4. In step 5, the NAME is

printed from the memory of the computer. In step 6, a check is made on the value of I. If the

current value of I is less than 5, the cycle is repeated from steps 3 to 5. If the value of I is equal to

or more than 5, the process of reading and printing NAME stops. Using this type of flowchart we

can read and print the NAME five times.

C ounting for C ontrol ling a Loo p

Sometimes, it is essential to repeat a process for a specific number of times. In such a case, two

standard techniques used are as follows:Technique 1 In this technique, we use the following six steps.

(1) Initialize a counter to 0, i.e. COUNT = 0. Input value of N where N stands for the number

of times a loop is to be repeated.

(2) Increase the counter by 1, i.e. COUNT = COUNT + 1

(3) Test the value of counter and compare the current value with N. If the current value of the

COUNT is greater than N, then branch off to (6), otherwise continue.

BEGIN

I = 0

I

READ

I = 15

NO

?

IS

END

YES

RECORD

I + 1

BEGIN

I = 0

I

READ

I > 15

NO

?

IS

END

YES

I + 1

RECORD


8/11/2019 C++Lang chap4

19/34


Figure 4.21

Counting pro-

cess


Flowchart Flowchart

for printing for printing

numbers numbers

(4) Carry out the sets of instructions (procedure).

BEGIN

I

I < 5

NO

?

IS

END

YES

(I + 1)

I = 0

READ NAME

PRINT NAME

STEP 1

STEP 2

STEP 3

STEP 4

STEP 5

STEP 6

STEP 7

BEGIN

END

INPUT N

IS

COUNT > N

?

SET OF

INSTRUCTIONS

COUNT = 0

COUNT COUNT + 1

YES

STEP 1

STEP 2

STEP 3

STEP 4

STEP 6

STEP 5

NO

BEGIN

END

INPUT N

IS

COUNT < N

?

SET OF

INSTRUCTIONS

COUNT = 0

COUNT COUNT + 1

NO

YES

STEP 1

STEP 2

STEP 3

STEPS 4 & 5

STEP 6


8/11/2019 C++Lang chap4

20/34


(5) Go back to (2).

(6) End the loop and continue further programming. These six steps are shown in Figure 4.22.

Te c hnique 2

(1) In this method, the counter is first initialized to zero and the value of N is inputted.

(2) Carry out the sets of instructions of the program.

(3) Increase the counter by 1.

(4) Test the counter. If COUNT < N then go to (2).

(5) else END

The above mentioned five steps are represented pictorially by the flowchart shown in Figure 4.23.

Exa m pl e 14 Which numbers will be printed by the flowcharts shown in Figures 3.24 and 3.25 respectively?


Flowchart Flowchart

for print- for print-

ing num- ing num-

bers bers

In Figure 4.24, the value of I is initialized to zero in step 2. In step 3, the value is incremented

by 1, i.e. it is 1. In step 4, I is printed. In step 5, the current value of I is compared with 5. Since the

current value of I is 1 and 1 is not greater than or equal to 5, the control is transferred to step 3.

Steps 3 and 4 are repeated till the current value of I is 5. Thus, the values of I that are printed

would be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.

BEGIN

I = 0

I

PRINT I

I > 5

YES

?

IS

END

NO

I + 1

STEP 1

STEP 2

STEP 3

STEP 4

STEP 5

STEP 6

BEGIN

I = 1

I

PRINT I

I < 5

NO

?

IS

END

YES

I + 1

STEP 1

STEP 2

STEP 3

STEP 4

STEP 5

STEP 6


8/11/2019 C++Lang chap4

21/34


In Figure 4.25, the value of I is initialized to 1 in step 2. The number 1 is printed in step 3. In

step 4, the value of I is increased by 1. So the current value of I is 2. In step 5, 2 is compared with

5. Since 2 is less than 5, the control is transferred to step 3 and the number 2 is printed. This cycle

repeats and numbers 3 and 4 are printed. When the current value of I reaches 5, the control is

transferred from step 5 to 6. Thus the numbers printed are 1, 2, 3 and 4.

4.5.3 The While Statement

The repetition of a group of program statements called a loop usingwhileandforstatements give

computers the magnificent ability to process data. Just as the ability to make decisions is an

important programming tool, so is the ability to specify repetitions of a group of operation. When

we do not know the exact number of loop repetitions before the loop execution begins, then we use

while..do loop control statement. For example, we may wish to continue writing cheques as longas our bank balance is above Rs. 250.00.

Figure 4.26 shows the flow of control for a simple while statement. So long as x is less than y,

the program continues to execute the while loop. With each pass through the loop, however, x is

incremented by one. When it is no longer less than y, control flows to the next statement.

Because the incrementing operation occurs so frequently, the C++ language has a special

increment operator called ++. The while statement shown in Figure 4.26 would normally be writ-

ten as

Figure 4.26

Flow control of

a while statement

while (x < y)

x++;Exa m pl e 15

The program in Figure 4.27 displays the string "Hello World" five times using the while loop.

x < y

x = x + 1

False

Truewhile ( x < y )

x = x + 1;


8/11/2019 C++Lang chap4

22/34


/* Demonstration of while loop */#include main(){

int c=0;while (c

8/11/2019 C++Lang chap4

23/34


Exa m pl e 17

factorial = factorial * number ;

This statement is equivalent to two statements:

factorial = factorial * number

number = number 1;

In Figure 4.29, thewhileloop is used to calculate the factorial of a number. In this program, the

number is received from the keyboard using thecinfunction and is assigned to the variable "num-

ber". The variable "factorial" isdeclared as long intto hold the expected large number and is ini-

tialized with the value "1". The final value of the factorial is reached through theiterative process:

/* Calculation of factorial */#include

main()

{

int number;

long int factorial=1;

cout number;

while (number > 1)

factorial = factorial * number ;

cout

8/11/2019 C++Lang chap4

24/34


/* Demonstration of do while statement */#include main(){

int c=0;do { cout

8/11/2019 C++Lang chap4

25/34


Figure 4.32

Structure of

theforloop

The Initia lize Exp ression

The initialize expressionnumber =0, initializes thenumbervariable. The initialize expression is

always executed as soon as the loop is entered. In this case we initializenumberto 0.

Expression Name Purpose

(1) number = 0 Initialize expression Initializes the loop variable(2) number < 0 Test expression Tests the loop variable(3) number++ Increment expression Increments the loop variable

The Te st Exp re ssio n

The second expression,number

8/11/2019 C++Lang chap4

26/34


To do this, it uses the increment operator (++), described earlier. Note that the loop variable in a

forloop does not have to be increased by 1 each time through the loop. It can also be decreased by

1, or changed by some other number, using an expression such as :

number = number + 3;

In other words, practically any expression can be used for the increment expression.

The Bod y o f the Loo p

Following the keywordforand the loop expression is the body of the loop: this is, the statement

(or statements) that will be executed each time round the loop. In this example, there is only one

statement:

cout

8/11/2019 C++Lang chap4

27/34


then the test condition is examined. If the test expression is false to begin with, the body of the

loop will not be executed at all. If the condition is true, the body of the loop is executed and, fol-

lowing that, the increment expression is executed. That is why the first number printed by the

program is 0 and not 1. Printing takes place before the number is incremented by the (++)

operator. Finally the loop recycles and the test expression is queried again. This will continue until

the test expression becomes false number becomes 10 at which time the loop will end.

I mp orta nce o f the fo r sta te m e nt

C++ permits an unusual degree of flexibility in the writing of the forloop. For example, if sepa-

rated by commas, more than one expression can be used for the initialize expression and for the

increment expression, so that several variables can be initialized or incremented at once.

Exa m pl e 20

The program shown in Figure 4.34 prints the numbers 0 to 9 and the running total as shown in

Figure 4.35.

#includemain(){int number,total=0;for (number = 0; number < 10; number++){total += number;cout

8/11/2019 C++Lang chap4

28/34


an if-then or while..loop is placed within the beginning and end of another loop, it is said to be

nested. For example, the program to calculate the factorial of a number as given in Example 17 can

be modified as written in Example 21.

Ex a m p le 2 1

The factorial program of Example 17 is included into an infinite forloop which ends only if you

enter the number 0. In this case, theforloop is called the outer loop and thedo-whileloop is called

the inner loop. The program is shown in Figure 3.36.

/* Factorial calculation using a nested loop */#include #include main(){

int number, counter; long int factorial;for (;;) { factorial=1; coutnumber; if (number==0) exit(0); counter=number; do {

factorial = factorial * counter-- ; } while (counter > 1); cout

8/11/2019 C++Lang chap4

29/34


/* Demonstration of nested forloops */#include main(){

int x,y;for (x=1; x

8/11/2019 C++Lang chap4

30/34


Exa m pl e 24

Program shown in Figure 4.41 prints a multiplication table using two forloops. The output is

shown in Figure 4.42.

/* Generation of Multiplication Table */#include main (){

int cols, rows, product;for(rows = 1; rows < 4; rows++) /* outer loop */{

for (cols = 1; cols < 4; cols++) /* inner loop */cout

8/11/2019 C++Lang chap4

31/34


/* Breaks out of the while statement when i > 5 */if (i > 5)break;}cout 0; j++, k--);

In this example, both j and k are initialized before the loop is entered. After each iteration, j is

incremented and k is decremented. It is equivalent to the followingwhileloop.

j = 0;k = 100;while (k - j

8/11/2019 C++Lang chap4

32/34


TEST PAPER

Time: 3 Hrs

Max Marks: 100

Answer the following questions.

1. In a simpleifstatement with no else, what happens if the condition following theifis

false?

(a) The program searches for the lastelsein the program.

(b) Nothing

(c) Control falls through to the statement following theif.

(d) The body of theifstatement is executed.

Ans[both (b) and (c) are correct]

2. The main difference in operation between anifstatement and awhilestatement is:

(a) The conditional expression following the keyword is evaluated differently.

(b) Thewhileloop body is always executed, theifloop body only if the condition is

true.

(c) The body of thewhilestatement may be executed many times, the body of theif

statement only once.

(d) The conditional expression is evaluated before thewhileloop body is executed

but after theifloop body.

Ans(c)

3. The advantage of aswitchstatement over an else-if construction is:

(a) A default condition can be used in theswitch.

(b) Theswitchis easier to understand.

(c) Several different statements can be executed for each case in a switch.

(d) Several different conditions can cause one set of statements to be executed in a

switch.

Ans(b)

4. State all the loop control structures supported by C++ and compare them.

5. State the use of the following giving an example of each.

(a) break

(b) continue

6. Write an algorithm and use it to write a program in C++ to compute a sales persons

commission based on the following table:


8/11/2019 C++Lang chap4

33/34


Amount Sales Commission (% of sales)

Under Rs. 500 2%

Rs. 500 or more 5%

but under Rs. 5000

Rs. 5000 and above 10%

7. Write a program in C++ based on the following algorithm.

BEGIN

Input mortgage amount

IFamount < 15,000

THENdown payment = 3% of amount

ELSE

payment 1 = 3% of 10,000

payment 2 = 5% of (amount - 10,000)

down payment = payment 1 + payment 2

END IF

print down payment

8. Sales mans commission is calculated using the following Pseudocode. Use this for writ-

ing a program in C++.

Input sales

IFsales < 1500THEN

Commission = 2% of sales.

ELSE

Commission = 5% of sales.

END IF

Print Commission

9. A company gives commission to its sales personal on the basis of the sales of two of its

products X and Y. The commission percentage is the same for both products and is

applicable only when the sales value is equal to or more than Rs 5000. The commission

percentage rates are 2% for sales >= 5000 and < Rs. 7000 and 5% for sales >= Rs. 7000.

Commission is calculated as the product of sales value and commission percentage for

each product. In addition to commission, there is an additional sales Bonus disbursed,when the cumulative sales value of both the products exceed Rs 20000. This bonus is

calculated as 1% of the total sales. Write a program in C++ to accept from any salesman,

the sales value of each of the products X and Y and display the individual commission

on each product, the total commission and additional bonus as applicable.

10. Study the following conditions. Write and test a program in C++ to satisfy these condi-

tions.


8/11/2019 C++Lang chap4

34/34


(a) If the product code equals A, and the customer type equals 1 and if the order

amount is less than or equal to Rs 1500, then allow a discount of 4.8%.

(b) If the product code equals A and the customer type equals 2 and if the order

amount is less than or equal to Rs 1500, then allow a discount of 8.9%.

(c) If the product code equals A, and the customer type equals 1 and if the order

amount is greater than Rs. 1500, then allow a discount of 8%.

(d) If the product code equals A, and the customer type equals to 2 and if the order

amount is greater than Rs 1500, then allow a discount of 10%.

(e) Give a flat discount of 3% on product code B regardless of the customer type

and the order amount.

Date post:	03-Jun-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	samaan
View:	247 times
Download:	1 times

C++Lang chap4

Documents