174 Crops in small plots Gourmet bed 175 Spring to summer Autumn to spring Gourmet bed When space is limited, think gourmet, and fill your bed with crop varieties that you could never find in the supermarket. They offer a superior taste and often look fantastic, but take no more time and effort to grow than ordinary crops. INTO WINTER Keep your bed productive with frilly endives, sown in autumn for winter harvest, and garlic and broad beans, which will be ready next spring and summer. READY FOR SUMMERAfter the last frost, plant the tomato and tromboncino courgettes, and provide support. Also plant the oxalis. The other summer crops can be sown from seed. Look out for unusual or heirloomvarieties of tomatoes, carrots, and beetroots to enjoy their subtly different tastes, colours, and textures. Why grow the same courgettes that you can easily buy? Try tromboncino ones instead, with their amazing fruits, and grow them alongside lemony-tasting purple oxalis leaves. • Materials Raised bed, approximately 1m (3ft) square Multi-purpose compost, topsoil, and grit Liquid fertilizer 3 x bamboo canes, about 8ft (2.5m) tall Garden string Trellis Cloche for spring protection You will need Courgette ‘Tromboncino’ Sow mid-spring. Tomato ‘Black Cherry’ Sow mid-spring. Beetroot ‘Boltardy’ Sow mid-spring. Endive ‘Wallone Despa’ Sow/plant late summer. Tomato ‘Snowberry’ Sow mid-spring. Pot Marigolds Sow early spring, plant late spring. Beetroot ‘Burpees Golden’ Sow mid-spring. Broad bean ‘Super Aquadulche’ Sow in late autumn. Tomato ‘Beam’s Yellow Pear’ Sow mid-spring. Carrot ‘Harlequin’ Mid-spring. Purple oxalis (Oxalis triangularis) Plant late spring. Garlic Plant in late autumn. Squash flowers are a foodie’s delight. Pick male flowers on long stems for stuffing, leaving the female flowers to form fruit. CROPS – WHEN TO SOW OR PLANT 78 Small-space projects 1 Place the ladders on a firm surface, facing each other, and in a sunny and sheltered spot. Evenly position the scaffolding boards to sit securely on the ladder rungs. Ladder shelves These decorative shelves, filled with vibrant flowers and crops, are a perfect way to create valuable growing space on your patio. Try reclamation yards and recycling centres for ladders and planks, and unusual containers in all sizes and colours. Paint ladders and shelves to fit your garden colour scheme. 2 x wooden ladders 3 x scaffolding boards Approximately 20 pots Multi-purpose compost Liquid plant feed Tumbling tomatoes Cucamelon Purple basil Pot marigolds Sweet Williams Violas Lettuce Strawberries Chillies Mint Thyme Mustard leaf Materials Plants and seeds 40 41 Tulips Spring Few garden p diversity of fl as tulips. From types to the fl there are vari and all are ve and container buy starting f best planted d help avoid the buying tulip mold or dam handful of gr holes. Once t flowering, lift fall (see p.188 ( ( Tul nting partners es range in height from dwarf to tall an be planted with many other ring plants for a colorful display. ng bulbs , such as muscari (above) look anted alongside tulips. Also add crocus daffodils to provide earlier color. allflowers are similar in height to tulips, meaning they can support the and provide an attractive backdrop. nots are low-growing plants when provide colorful ground cover and neath taller tulip varieties. AT A GLANCE Plant type Hardy bulb Height 4–30in (10–75cm) Spread 2–4in (5–10cm) Aspect Full sun to light shade Soil type Fertile and well drained 42 43 Tulips Spring Choosing tulips Taller tulip varieties are ideal for borders, where their graceful flowers are held above the neighbouring plants, and where they can be sheltered from strong wind and rain that can damage them. Shorter varieties are more versatile and are a good choice for the front of borders, containers, and windowboxes. Smaller-flowered species tulips, such as T. clusiana, are excellent for naturalizing in lawns. Cut flowers Indoor pots Patio planters Tulips are easy to grow for cutting and should be picked before the flowers are fully open. To save robbing your borders of colour, plant the bulbs in spare soil, such as in an empty vegetable bed, or in large containers. Once cut, discard the bulbs as growth the following year will be poor. For indoor displays, plant dwarf varieties into pots of compost during mid-autumn. Stand them outside in a cool, sheltered spot for at least eight weeks and regularly check the base of the pot for signs of roots. When roots show, bring the pot indoors into a cool, bright room, moving them to a warmer position once the shoots are 5cm (2in) tall. Keep them watered and they will flower within two weeks. Most bulbs should be planted to a depth of three times the height of the bulb, and since tulip bulbs are quite large, they’re planted deeper than many others. If planting bulbs in containers, start with the largest bulbs and plant in layers separated by compost. Bedding plants can be planted at the surface, which the bulbs will grow through. ‘Blue Parrot’ ‘Flying Dutchman’ ‘May Blossom’ ‘Dyanito’ ‘Captain Fryatt’ ‘White Triumphator’ ‘Black Parrot’ ‘West Point’ ‘Asta Nielsen’ ‘Greenland’ ‘China Pink’ 80 ASTOUNDING EARTH 81 FAST FACTS Australia Population of about 23 million Density of 3 people per sq km Australia and Sri Lanka have roughly similar-sized populations, but Australia is about 120 times larger. If Australia were as densely populated as Sri Lanka, it would be home to nearly 2.5 billion people! Some cities are more crowded than others. If Manila and London were divided into tennis courts, Manila would have 11 people on each court and London only one. Sri Lanka Population of about 21 million Density of 320 people per sq km Manila, Philippines London, UK Court area 261 sq m (2,808 sq ft) One in every five people on Earth is Chinese. Most major cities outside of China have large Chinese communities, making Chinese culture an important influence actoss the world. CHINESE COMMUNITIES How many people are there in China? The population of China, including Taiwan, is about 1.4 billion. In around 2050, India is likely to displace China as the world’s most populous country. Australia is the world’s sixth-largest country, after Russia, Canada, China, the USA, and Brazil. There are as many people in China today as there were in the whole world around 150 years ago! The USA hasabout 316 million people – nearly 14 times more than live in Australia. The area of Chinais only slightly greater than that of the USA, and Australia is not far behind. But China’s population is more than four times bigger than the USA’s and about 60 times larger than that of Australia. Here, the three countries are shown in proportion to their populations. China has a population 60 times larger than that of Australia. China United States Australia July 2013 - December 2014 Project Art Editor DK Life (gardening) Book design. Editorial style creation and development Management of book projects, schedules and budgets Organising, styling and execution of photo shoots Liasing with editor in terms of book content and direction Commissioning of illustrators, briefing of photographers Concurrent book management Template creation Pre-press source reporting and creation of print pdfs Working closely with Art Director and Publisher to develop book structure and design January 2013 - May 2013 Project Art Editor DK Knowledge Template creation Management of book project designed with DK team in India Page layout and image ordering Commissioning of illustrations and 3D artwork Attending editorial brainstorming meetings July 2012 - October 2012 Project Art Editor DK Life (woman, home, food drink) Template creation and design Commissioning of illustrations. Photographic retouching. Liasing with Art Director regarding style changes Image ordering, creation of high res print pdfs File management and direction of other designers working on project May 2012 - June 2012 Project Art Editor DK Knowledge Transposition and redesign of book layouts for e-book Liasing with Art Editor and Editor Creation of widgets sequences Picture research and image retouching January 2011 - May 2011 Project Art Editor DK Knowledge Management of book production and design Management of other designers and external freelancers Liasing with Art Director and Editor regularly through meetings and email updates Liasing with and direction of DK India office with design, deadlines and file management Design of templates and maintaining consistency of design Liasing with editors regarding development of content Picture research and image ordering Directing illustrator in design of ‘colouring in’ files Adhering to print processes in generating of files Creating repro pdfs for proofing Retouching and image manipulation File management December 2010 - January 2013 Graphic Designer FitPro Magazine Page design of FitPro magazine February/ March 2011 issue (60 pages) Design of Lifecycle Manual Text fitting across 10 languages File management and press pdf production Image ordering and retouching of high res Design of inhouse and external advertising for publication Liasing with editors Adhering to templates and maintaining design consistency 0411 852 532 [email protected]Clare Marshall design professional
Transcript
174 Crops in small plots Gourmet bed 175
Spring to summer Autumn to springGourmet bedWhen space is limited, think gourmet, and fill your bed with crop varieties that you could never find in the supermarket. They offer a superior taste and often look fantastic, but take no more time and effort to grow than ordinary crops.
INTO WINTER Keep your bed productive with frilly endives, sown in autumn for winter harvest, and garlic and broad beans, which will be ready next spring and summer.
READY FOR SUMMER After the last frost, plant the tomato and tromboncino courgettes, and provide support. Also plant the oxalis. The other summer crops can be sown from seed.
Look out for unusual
or heirloom varieties
of tomatoes, carrots,
and beetroots to enjoy
their subtly different
tastes, colours, and
textures. Why grow the
same courgettes that
you can easily buy?
Try tromboncino ones
instead, with their
amazing fruits, and
grow them alongside
lemony-tasting purple
oxalis leaves.
• MaterialsRaised bed, approximately
1m (3ft) square
Multi-purpose compost,
topsoil, and grit
Liquid fertilizer
3 x bamboo canes,
about 8ft (2.5m) tall
Garden string
Trellis
Cloche for spring protection
You will need
Courgette ‘Tromboncino’Sow mid-spring.
Tomato ‘Black Cherry’Sow mid-spring.
Beetroot ‘Boltardy’Sow mid-spring.
Endive ‘Wallone Despa’Sow/plant late summer.
Tomato ‘Snowberry’Sow mid-spring.
Pot MarigoldsSow early spring,
plant late spring.
Beetroot ‘Burpees Golden’Sow mid-spring.
Broad bean ‘Super Aquadulche’Sow in late autumn.
Tomato ‘Beam’s Yellow Pear’Sow mid-spring.
Carrot ‘Harlequin’Mid-spring.
Purple oxalis (Oxalis triangularis)Plant late spring.
GarlicPlant in late autumn.
Squash flowers are a foodie’s delight. Pick male flowers on long stems for stuffing, leaving the female flowers to form fruit.
CROPS – WHEN TO SOW OR PLANT
78 Small-space projects
1 Place the ladders on a firm surface, facing each other, and in a sunny and sheltered spot. Evenly position the
scaffolding boards to sit securely on the ladder rungs.
Ladder shelvesThese decorative shelves, filled with vibrant flowers and crops, are a perfect way to create valuable growing space on your patio.
Try reclamation yards and recycling centres for ladders and planks, and unusual containers in all sizes and colours. Paint ladders and shelves to fit your garden colour scheme.
2 x wooden ladders
3 x scaffolding boards
Approximately 20 pots
Multi-purpose compost
Liquid plant feed
Tumbling tomatoes
Cucamelon
Purple basil
Pot marigolds
Sweet Williams
Violas
Lettuce
Strawberries
Chillies
Mint
Thyme
Mustard leaf
Materials
Plants and seeds
40 41TulipsSpring
Few garden plants Few garden plants o� er the sheer diversity of � ower shape, color, and form diversity of � ower shape, color, and form as tulips. From simple, single-� owered as tulips. From simple, single-� owered types to the � amboyant parrot tulips, types to the � amboyant parrot tulips, there are varieties to suit all gardens, there are varieties to suit all gardens, and all are very easy to grow in beds and all are very easy to grow in beds and containers. Tulips are available to and containers. Tulips are available to buy starting from late summer but are buy starting from late summer but are best planted during late fall (best planted during late fall (see p.271best planted during late fall (see p.271best planted during late fall ( ) to help avoid the fatal disease, help avoid the fatal disease, tulip � re. When buying tulip bulbs, avoid any with signs of buying tulip bulbs, avoid any with signs of mold or damage. On heavy soils, add a mold or damage. On heavy soils, add a handful of grit to the bottom of the planting handful of grit to the bottom of the planting holes. Once the leaves have died back after holes. Once the leaves have died back after � owering, lift and store the bulbs until late � owering, lift and store the bulbs until late fall (see p.188see p.188fall (see p.188fall ( ).
Tulipa ‘Golden Parrot’
TulipsTulips
Planting partnersPlanting partnersTulip varieties range in height from dwarf to tall Tulip varieties range in height from dwarf to tall forms, and can be planted with many other forms, and can be planted with many other spring-� owering plants for a colorful display. spring-� owering plants for a colorful display.
Dwarf spring bulbsDwarf spring bulbs, such as muscari (above) look e� ective planted alongside tulips. Also add crocus e� ective planted alongside tulips. Also add crocus and dwarf da� odils to provide earlier color. and dwarf da� odils to provide earlier color.
Biennial wall� owersBiennial wall� owers are similar in height to many taller tulips, meaning they can support the many taller tulips, meaning they can support the tall blooms and provide an attractive backdrop. tall blooms and provide an attractive backdrop.
Forget-me-notsForget-me-nots are low-growing plants when young, and provide colorful ground cover and young, and provide colorful ground cover and contrast beneath taller tulip varieties.contrast beneath taller tulip varieties.
AT A GLANCE Plant type Hardy bulb Height 4–30in (10–75cm)
Spread 2–4in (5–10cm) Aspect Aspect Full sun to light shade Soil type Fertile and well drained
42 43TulipsSpring
Choosing tulipsTaller tulip varieties are ideal for borders, where their graceful � owers are held above the neighbouring plants, and where they can be sheltered from strong wind and rain that can damage them. Shorter varieties are more versatile and are a good choice for the front of borders, containers, and windowboxes. Smaller-� owered species tulips, such as T. clusiana, are excellent for naturalizing in lawns.
Cut � owers
Indoor pots
Patio planters
Tulips are easy to grow for cutting and should be picked before the � owers are fully open. To save robbing your borders of colour, plant the bulbs in spare soil, such as in an empty vegetable bed, or in large containers. Once cut, discard the bulbs as growth the following year will be poor.
For indoor displays, plant dwarf varieties into pots of compost during mid-autumn. Stand them outside in a cool, sheltered spot for at least eight weeks and regularly check the base of the pot for signs of roots. When roots show, bring the pot indoors into a cool, bright room, moving them to a warmer position once the shoots are 5cm (2in) tall. Keep them watered and they will � ower within two weeks.
Most bulbs should be planted to a depth of three times the height of the bulb, and since tulip bulbs are quite large, they’re planted deeper than many others. If planting bulbs in containers, start with the largest bulbs and plant in layers separated by compost. Bedding plants can be planted at the surface, which the bulbs will grow through.
‘Blue Parrot’
‘Flying Dutchman’
‘May Blossom’
‘Dyanito’
‘Captain Fryatt’
‘White Triumphator’
‘Black Parrot’ ‘West Point’
‘Asta Nielsen’
‘Greenland’
‘China Pink’
80 ASTOUNDING EARTH 81
FAST FACTS
AustraliaPopulation of about 23 millionDensity of 3 people per sq km
Australia and Sri Lanka have roughly similar-sized populations, but Australia is about 120 times larger. If Australia were as densely populated as Sri Lanka, it would be home to nearly 2.5 billion people!
Some cities are more crowded than others. If Manila and London were divided into tennis courts, Manila would have 11 people on each court and London only one.
Sri LankaPopulation of about 21 millionDensity of 320 people per sq km
Manila, Philippines
London, UK Court area 261 sq m (2,808 sq ft)One in every five people on
Earth is Chinese. Most major cities outside of China have large Chinese communities, making Chinese culture an important influence actoss the world.
CHINESE COMMUNITIES
How many people are there in China?The population of China, including Taiwan, is about 1.4 billion. In around 2050, India is likely to displace China as the world’s most populous country.
Australia is the world’s sixth-largest country, after
Russia, Canada, China, the USA, and Brazil.
There are as many people in China
today as there were in the whole
world around 150 years ago!
The USA has about 316 million people – nearly 14 times more than live in Australia.
The area of China is only slightly greater than that of the USA, and Australia is not far behind. But China’s population is more than four times bigger than the USA’s and about 60 times larger than that of Australia. Here, the three countries are shown in proportion to their populations.
China has a population 60 times larger than that of Australia.
China
UnitedStates
Australia
July 2013 - December 2014Project Art EditorDK Life (gardening)
Book design. Editorial style creation and development
Management of book projects, schedules and budgets
Organising, styling and execution of photo shoots
Liasing with editor in terms of book content and direction
Commissioning of illustrators, briefi ng of photographers
Concurrent book management
Template creation
Pre-press source reporting and creation of print pdfs
Working closely with Art Director and Publisher to develop book structure and design
January 2013 - May 2013Project Art EditorDK Knowledge
Template creation
Management of book project designed with DK team in India
Page layout and image ordering
Commissioning of illustrations and 3D artwork
Attending editorial brainstorming meetings
July 2012 - October 2012Project Art EditorDK Life (woman, home,food drink)
Template creation and design
Commissioning of illustrations. Photographic retouching.
Liasing with Art Director regarding style changes
Image ordering, creation of high res print pdfs
File management and direction of other designers working on project
May 2012 - June 2012Project Art EditorDK Knowledge
Transposition and redesign of book layouts for e-book
Liasing with Art Editor and Editor
Creation of widgets sequences
Picture research and image retouching
January 2011 - May 2011Project Art EditorDK Knowledge
Management of book production and designManagement of other designers and external freelancers
Liasing with Art Director and Editor regularly through meetings and email updates
Liasing with and direction of DK India offi ce with design, deadlines and fi le management
Design of templates and maintaining consistency of design
Liasing with editors regarding development of content
Picture research and image ordering
Directing illustrator in design of ‘colouring in’ fi les
Adhering to print processes in generating of fi les
Creating repro pdfs for proofi ng
Retouching and image manipulation
File management
December 2010 - January 2013Graphic DesignerFitPro Magazine
Page design of FitPro magazine February/ March 2011 issue (60 pages)
Design of Lifecycle Manual
Text fi tting across 10 languages
File management and press pdf production
Image ordering and retouching of high res
Design of inhouse and external advertising for publication
Liasing with editors
Adhering to templates and maintaining design consistency
January 2010 - November 2010Graphic DesignerDK Childrens 7+
Management of book production and design
Design of pages for various book projects
Design of new project pages for presentation
Working to current templates and maintaining consistency of design
Picture research and image ordering using both in-house picture library and external suppliers
Liasing with editors regarding content
Adhering to print processes in generating of fi les
Creating repro pdfs for proofi ng (both CMYK and text versions)
Retouching and image manipulation
File management
October 2008 - June 2009Graphic DesignerGuardian Creative
Design of promotional and client based products
Designing presentations for marketing
Advertisement design (online and print)
Design of web images for guardian.co.uk
Illustration of concepts for presentations
Working closely with the Project Manager
Design of in-house data sheets
March 2007 - August 2008Senior DesignerHardie Grant Magazines
Management of design department
Liasing and management of fi le fl ow to pre press
Design of magazines in collaboration with editors, publishers and clients
Retouching, image manipulation and scanning
Management of photography budgets
Art directing photo shoots, styling products
Checking and sign off of received proofs
Mock ups for new business tenders
Management of schedules and deadlines
Creating of ancillary design materials,
(brochures, rate cards, promotional material)
Designing of ads for use in publications
Photographing products and people in house
August 2003 - March 2007Deputy Art DirectorQantas Magazine
Magazine design working with the Art Director on Infl ight Magazine.
Generate new ideas and designs for the magazine
To assume the responsibilities of the Art Director, in their absence
Collation and execution of merchandise/shopping pages, including sourcing products, styling and direction of photo shoots
To check and maintain the quality of high resolution images
Checking of proofs
To assist in maintaining the design consistency of the magazine
Commissioning photographers
Directing freelance designers to maintain a smooth work fl ow in the art department
December 1999 - June 2003Junior Designermarie claire Australia
Page design in all sections of the magazine
Liasing with the Art Director and Editor regularly and attending meetings with fashion, beauty and features departments to conceptualise upcoming photo shoots
Sourcing,ordering and checking high res images and photographic prints
Preparation of layouts for printing and checking proofs
Organisation and archiving of images
Active involvement in marie claire redesigns
Working on marie claire campaigns
Liasing with photographers
General offi ce duties such as stationery orders and maintenance of art department supplies
328 329wildfiresextreme weather
wildfiresA lightning strike on combustible material, such as trees or grassland following a period of hot, dry weather can cause a wildfire. Strong winds can spread the flames at high speeds across vast areas, causing massive destruction.
causes of wildfires The start and spread of wildfires depends on a combination of factors. A vital ingredient is an arid antecedent period during which shrubbery, trees, and vegetation become very dry. Parts of the world that experience a hot, dry summer are most at risk of wildfires. Such dryness is often related to persistently high temperatures and low relative humidity. Strong winds that are hot and dry promote the dessication of vegetation. Once started, the stronger the winds the more rapidly the fire spreads, sometimes at amazingly dangerous rates. Fires can move as fast as 22kph (14mph) across grassland. When the El Niño pressure system
develops (see pp.284–285), areas of the world that experience drier weather, such as the eastern half of Australia, are more at risk of wildfires. Even though conditions for fires may be ripe, there has to be an agent to ignite the flames. This is very often lightning. The thunderstorms may also produce rain, but not enough to significantly quell any outbreaks. Otherwise, wildfires can be started simply by human carelessness, or as an act of arson. This latter appears to be the case in the 2009 Greek wildfire, which engulfed 14 towns on the outskirts of Athens.
human carelessnes This aerial view shows smoke on the outskirts of Marseille, France, after a wildfire was sparked in 2009 by practice shelling by the military.
wind directionIn 2007 the deadly wildfires in Southern California spread across 2,000 sq km (770 sq miles). The wind carried hot embers that ignited trees far from the original point of ignition. Tragically, nine people died and at least 1,500 homes were destroyed.
lightning strike Lightning is the main ignition source for wildfires. The precipitation that accompanies it is never enough to extinguish flames once they spread.
back burning This firefighter in Pennsylvania, USA, is attempting to halt the bushfire by burning vegetation to clear flammable material ahead of the fire’s leading edge.
forest regrowth In coniferous forests, intense heat forces pine cones to open, scattering many seeds onto the forest floor, and leading to new growth.
after effects Wildfires destroy homes and infrastructure, and communities can take years to recover. Intense heat eliminates much vegetation and affects the soil, creating a significant risk for both flash flooding and mudslides, due to changes in the porosity of the land surface. In Hawaii serious soil erosion due to wildfires has led to enhanced deposition of soil material into the surrounding seas, killing some areas of seaweed and reducing fish stocks. Forests do recover, but how quickly depends on the tree species; grassland is the mostly rapidly regenerated vegetation type. Wildfires also release huge amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
infernoFirefighters battle to prevent the wildfires from damaging power lines north of Los Angeles in 2010.
distribution of wildfires
The areas of the world at highest risk are those that satisfy the climatic and land cover ingredients for the outbreak and spread of wildfires. They tend not to occur in higher latitudes or across the very hottest regions because of the lack of vegetation. Equatorial rainforests are also relatively low risk because of the normal widespread precipitation.
Wildfires (yellow and red areas) are most common in regions where there is a prolonged dry season accompanied by an occasional thunderstorm. However, some areas of high incidence are
reflections of deliberate burning to clear tropical forests, such as throughout parts of South America. In extremely dry summers, fires can occur in southern parts of Europe.
12
Fry the triangles on both sides until they turn golden. Repeat steps 3 and 4 for the remaining bread triangles.
Pour the mixture into a shallow dish. Soak the bread (for about 30 seconds) in the mixture.
Crack the eggs into a mixing bowl. Add the milk and cinnamon and whisk together.
Serve the eggy bread warm, with blueberries and maple syrup or try it with butter and jam.
Heat half a tablespoon of the oil in a frying pan on a low heat. Carefully place two triangles in the pan.
1 3
BREAKFAST BITES Eggy bread
Popular around the world, this dish is eaten in Portugal at Christmas and in Spain and Brazil at Easter.
54
2
Serves 2 10 mins
210 mins
1312
Ingredients• 4 large eggs• 240ml (8fl oz) milk• 1/4 tsp ground cinnamon• 4 slices thick white bread, cut into triangles
• 2 tbsp sunflower oil• 100g (31/2oz) blueberries• maple syrup, to serve
Equipment• whisk • mixing bowl• shallow dish• frying pan and spatula
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